WO2009143658A1 - 水溶性聚合物包膜剂、包膜控释肥料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

水溶性聚合物包膜剂、包膜控释肥料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2009143658A1
WO2009143658A1 PCT/CN2008/001067 CN2008001067W WO2009143658A1 WO 2009143658 A1 WO2009143658 A1 WO 2009143658A1 CN 2008001067 W CN2008001067 W CN 2008001067W WO 2009143658 A1 WO2009143658 A1 WO 2009143658A1
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weight
coating agent
water
acid
fertilizer
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PCT/CN2008/001067
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
万连步
范玲超
郑启亮
陈宏坤
高义武
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山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2008/001067 priority Critical patent/WO2009143658A1/zh
Publication of WO2009143658A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009143658A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • C05G5/37Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water-soluble polymer coating agent and a coated controlled release fertilizer comprising the coating agent and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of materials and fertilizers. Background technique
  • coated controlled release fertilizers are the mainstream and main development direction.
  • the sulphur-containing urea is a typical representative of a controlled dry fertilizer with an inorganic material as a coating agent, and its preparation technique is disclosed in a number of patents (see, for example, US 3,342,577, US 3,877,415, US 5,219,465).
  • the main advantage of this kind of controlled release fertilizer is that the raw material and production cost are low, but because the sulfur film is easily broken during production, storage and transportation, the controllability of nutrient release is greatly reduced, and the long-term use of sulfur-coated fertilizer is also Will cause soil acidification.
  • Polymer coated controlled release fertilizers can overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of inorganic coated fertilizers, and the related preparation techniques are described in the patents. For example, see US Pat. No. 3,223,518, US Pat. No. 3,475,154, US Pat.
  • the linear polymer is first dissolved in an organic solvent to form a polymer dilute solution, which is then coated on the surface of the fertilizer granule, and a polymer film is formed on the surface of the fertilizer granule along with the volatile polymer material of the solvent. Since the surface of the fertilizer is coated with a uniform and dense polymer film with toughness, its strength and wear resistance and impact resistance are greatly improved.
  • the release rule of controlled release fertilizer nutrients can be controlled by controlling the composition and structure of the coated polymer material. Plants have a matching pattern of nutrient requirements.
  • controlled release fertilizers have the following disadvantages: The price of polymer coating materials and the production cost are high; the use of a large amount of organic solvents not only seriously wastes energy and resources, but also causes harm to human health and the environment; the polymer after release of fertilizer nutrients The residual film is not easily degraded in the soil, and long-term use will cause certain pollution to the soil.
  • Aqueous polymer coated controlled release fertilizer can partially eliminate the above organic solvent type polymer coating
  • US 4,549,897 discloses the feasibility of polymer emulsions as fertilizer coating agents, followed by studies using aqueous polyvinylidene chloride suspensions as coating agents (see Shavia A et al. Fertilizer Research, 1993, 35). : 1; Tzika M et al. Powder Technology, 2003, 132: 16).
  • the present inventors also studied emulsion type aqueous polymer coating agents and coated controlled release fertilizers, see Chinese Invention Patent Application No.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly water-soluble polymer coating agent and a coated controlled release fertilizer comprising the coating agent, which can solve the problems existing in the production of controlled release fertilizers.
  • the cost of the polymer coated controlled release fertilizer reduces the environmental hazard of the organic solvent-based polymer coated fertilizer, and the polymer residual film after nutrient release can be biodegraded.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by a water-soluble polymeric coating agent comprising an alkyd resin prepolymer in a neutralized form.
  • the present invention also provides a method of preparing the water-soluble polymer coating agent, comprising the steps of: mixing an alkyd resin prepolymer with a co-solvent, neutralizing with a base, optionally diluting with water, and adding a reminder Drying agent.
  • the invention further provides a coated controlled release fertilizer and a method of preparing the same.
  • the coated controlled release fertilizer consists of a fertilizer core and a coating film on the outer side of the fertilizer core, characterized in that the coating film comprises a polymer film comprising the water-soluble polymer coating agent of the invention, and optionally contained in the polymer film.
  • the preparation method comprises the steps of coating a water-soluble polymer coating agent on the surface of the fertilizer granule to form a polymer film, optionally coating the inorganic powder on the polymer film to form an inorganic layer.
  • the alkyd resin of the present invention is mainly derived from natural renewable vegetable oil, which has low dependence on petroleum and low cost; and vegetable oil and fatty acid fragments on the polymer chain also impart polymer film.
  • the biodegradable property can make the polymer residual film in the soil biodegradable; since the preparation process is based on the small molecular raw material, the composition of the film forming polymer can be adjusted by adjusting the composition, ratio and process of the polymerization raw material composition. Structure, in order to achieve the purpose of regulating the release of nutrients from controlled release fertilizers.
  • the polymer coating material of the present invention contains a functional group capable of association with water molecules, the material also has a certain water retention function.
  • the envelope of the coated controlled release fertilizer of the present invention comprises a polymer film comprising the water-soluble polymer coating agent of the present invention and an inorganic layer containing an inorganic powder outside the polymer film.
  • the inorganic layer containing the inorganic powder as the outermost layer not only can be anti-adhesive and anti-wear, but also partially functions to regulate nutrient release.
  • the water-soluble polymer coated dry control fertilizer of the invention has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, the polymer residual film is biodegradable in the soil, and the controlled release time can be adjusted by the composition, structure and dosage of the coating agent to meet different Fertilizer release requirements for different crop applications. detailed description
  • the water-soluble polymer coating agent of the present invention uses an alkyd resin prepolymer as a main raw material.
  • an alkyd resin prepolymer is first prepared, then mixed with a co-solvent, neutralized with a base, optionally diluted with water, and added with a drier to obtain a water-soluble polymer coating agent. .
  • the alkyd resin prepolymer used in the present invention is preferably composed of a vegetable oil and/or a plant-derived fatty acid, a polyhydric alcohol, at least one acid anhydride selected from the group consisting of a c 4 -c 22 synthetic fatty acid, a c 4 -c 22 synthetic fatty acid, A raw material composition of a component of an aromatic acid or an aromatic acid anhydride is obtained by a copolycondensation reaction.
  • the vegetable oil used for preparing the alkyd resin prepolymer is, for example, selected from one or more of a drying oil and a semi-drying oil, and examples thereof include linseed oil, tung oil, dehydrated castor oil, Soybean oil, cottonseed oil, Nasker oil, etc.
  • the plant-derived fatty acid is, for example, selected from one or more of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, tall oil, and rosin. Since some fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, etc.
  • the polyol is, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and diethylene glycol, preferably glycerol, trihydrocarbyl propane and pentaerythritol.
  • the C 4 -C 22 synthetic fatty acid and its anhydride are preferably monobasic or polybasic acids having 4 to 22 , preferably 4 to 12, and anhydrides thereof, such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, caproic acid And citric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, more preferably C 4 -C 22 dibasic acid and anhydride thereof, especially adipic acid, sebacic acid and anhydride thereof.
  • the aromatic acid and its anhydride are preferably selected from the group consisting of aromatic monobasic acids, aromatic dibasic acids, aromatic tribasic acids and anhydrides thereof, and specific examples thereof include benzoic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, and m-benzene.
  • Dicapric acid, trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride, etc. preferably aromatic dibasic acids, tribasic acids and anhydrides thereof, especially phthalic acid liver, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid and trimellitic anhydride.
  • the aromatic acid and its anhydride may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more selected from the group consisting of C,-C 6 alkyl, dC 6 alkoxy, C-C 6 haloalkyl, halogen, nitro Replace.
  • the halogen or halogen is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • the alkyl moiety of the (:, - ⁇ : 6 alkyl group and the C r C 6 alkoxy group and the CC 6 haloalkyl group means a saturated straight line having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • Chain or branched hydrocarbon group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-mercaptoethyl, butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-didecylethyl, Pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-mercaptobutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-didecyl Propyl, 1,2-dimercaptopropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-decylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-didecylbutyl , 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-tri
  • the dC 6 haloalkyl refers to a straight or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein some or all of these hydrogen atoms may be Halogen atom replacement, an example thereof Including chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoroindolyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2- Fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl,
  • the dC 6 alkoxy means a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which is bonded via an oxygen atom, and examples thereof include a decyloxy group, an ethoxy group, OCH 2 -C 2 H 5 , OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , n-butyl tj>, OCH(CH 3 )-C 2 H 5 , OCH 2 -CH(CH 3 ) 2 > OC(CH 3 ) 3 , n-pentyloxy, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methyl Butoxy, 3-methylbutyl U&, 1,1- Dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropane H &, 2,2-dimethyl-propoxy, 1-ethylpropenyl, n-hexyl L&, 1-methylpentyloxy, 2 - mercapto
  • the copolycondensation reaction in the present invention can be carried out according to a copolycondensation method known to those skilled in the art.
  • the copolycondensation reaction temperature is, for example, 100 280 X:, preferably 140 to 250; and the polymerization reaction time is, for example, 1 to 24 hours, preferably 4 to 12 hours.
  • the end point of the polymerization reaction and the mass of the resulting alkyd resin are controlled by the acid value of the resin.
  • the acid value of the resin refers to the number of grams of KOH (in mg KOH/g resin) consumed to neutralize 1 gram of resin.
  • the acid value of the resin is determined by using an equal volume ratio of ethanol and diethyl ether as a mixed solvent.
  • the inventors have found through research that the acid value of the obtained alkyd resin prepolymer affects the performance of the polymer as an envelope agent in the present invention.
  • the polymerization formula is constant, the larger the acid value of the alkyd prepolymer, the better the water solubility, but the higher the hydrophilicity of the formed coating agent, resulting in a shorter controlled release time of the controlled release fertilizer.
  • the acid value of the alkyd resin prepolymer used is 10 to 150 mgKOH/g resin, preferably 20 to 120 mgKOH/g resin, more preferably 30 to 80 mgKOH/g resin, and most preferably 40. ⁇ 70 mgKOH/g resin.
  • the composition of the raw material composition for the polymerization reaction can be adjusted to a large range as needed, wherein the amount of vegetable oil and/or plant-derived fatty acid and the molar ratio of hydroxyl groups in the raw material composition system are affected.
  • the acid value of the prepolymer and the viscosity of the system The greater the viscosity of the alkyd prepolymer, the more cosolvents are used in the preparation of the coating agent described below.
  • the vegetable oil and/or the vegetable-derived fatty acid is used in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight, more preferably 40 to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the raw material composition; and the molar ratio of the hydroxyl group to the compound in the raw material composition system is preferably 0.8. ⁇ 1.4, more preferably 0.9 to 1.3.
  • the preparation method of the alkyd resin prepolymer may be an alcoholysis method or a fatty acid method, and the main difference between the two is that the former is based on vegetable oil, and the latter is based on fatty acids derived from vegetable oil.
  • the present invention is preferably an alcoholysis process.
  • the copolycondensation reaction can be carried out in air or under the protection of an inert gas, preferably in an inert gas, preferably an inert gas.
  • Co-condensation It should be carried out in a solvent or in a molten state, preferably a melt copolycondensation process.
  • the alcoholysis method used in the present invention can be carried out by an alcoholysis method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a vegetable oil, a polyol and at least one component selected from the group consisting of C 4 -C 22 synthetic fatty acids, C 4 -C 22 synthetic fatty acid anhydrides, aromatic acids, aromatic acid anhydrides are added to the kettle.
  • the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 100 to 280"C, preferably 140 to 250"C for 1 to 24 hours, preferably 4 to 12 hours, during which time the water formed in the reaction is removed by a water eliminator.
  • An alkyd resin prepolymer is obtained after cooling.
  • the vegetable oil, the polyol and the dibasic acid (and/or its anhydride) are first charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a nitrogen atmosphere, and the temperature is raised to 160 to 260".
  • C reaction for 0.5 ⁇ 6 hours, preferably 200 ⁇ 2401 for 2 ⁇ 4 hours.
  • cool down to 120 ⁇ 200"C add other polyacids (and / or its acid stalk), keep the reaction for at least 0.5 hours, and use water eliminator in time. The water formed in the reaction was removed.
  • rosin preferably 3 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the resin is added to the temperature of 130 to 160"C, and reacted at this temperature for 5 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 0.5. Hour. After cooling, an alkyd prepolymer having a certain acid value is obtained.
  • the fatty acid method used in the present invention can be carried out by a fatty acid method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a plant-derived fatty acid, a polyol, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of c 4 -c 22 synthetic fatty acids, c 4 -c 22 synthetic fatty acid anhydrides, aromatic acids, aromatic acid anhydrides Adding to the reaction vessel, reacting at a temperature of 100 to 280*C, preferably 140 250"C for 1 to 24 hours, preferably 4 to 12 hours, during which time the water formed in the reaction is removed by a water eliminator. The alkyd is obtained after cooling. Resin prepolymer.
  • the plant-derived fatty acid, polyol and dibasic acid (and/or its anhydride) are first added to a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a nitrogen gas, and the temperature is raised to 160 ⁇ 260* reaction 0.5-6 hours, preferably 200 ⁇ 240* reaction 2-4 hours, and remove the water formed in the reaction with water eliminator in time, then reduce the temperature to 120 ⁇ 200, add other polyacids (and / or its anhydride ), keep the reaction for at least 0.5 hours, and remove the water generated in the reaction with a water eliminator.
  • rosin when cooling to 130 ⁇ 160"C, 2-20% by weight of rosin is added, preferably 3-10% by weight, and reacted at this temperature for 5 minutes to 2 Hours, preferably from 10 minutes to 0.5 hours. After cooling, an alkyd prepolymer having a certain acid value is obtained.
  • the preparation of the water-soluble polymer coating agent of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • the co-solvent is added to the alkyd prepolymer at 25-120 C, preferably 50-100, in a suitable ratio, preferably in an amount of co-polymer prepolymer weight. 2 to 50% by weight, more preferably 5 to 20% by weight.
  • the co-solvent is preferably selected from one or more of a low-chain fatty alcohol, a cellosolve, and other water-soluble organic solvents.
  • the low-chain fatty alcohol is preferably selected from one or more of a C 2 -C 6 -alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol, such as ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, n-butanol.
  • the cellosolve is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of a monoether or a diether of a glycol or a condensed alcohol thereof, such as ethylene glycol monoterpene ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, one shrink Propylene glycol monoethyl ether or the like; the other water-soluble organic solvent is preferably selected from one or more of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane. Low-chain fatty alcohols and cellosolves are preferred.
  • the base used for the neutralization is one or more of any of the inorganic bases and organic bases conventionally used for neutralization, and examples thereof include alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, amines and the like, such as sodium hydroxide. And potassium hydroxide, ammonia, triethylamine, trimethylamine, triethanolamine, morpholine, preferably ammonia, triethylamine, tridecylamine, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
  • the base is preferably used in the form of an aqueous solution.
  • the degree of neutralization is such that the pH of the above alkyd prepolymer solution system is between 7 and 8.
  • water may be further added to the above neutral system, preferably deionized water and distilled water, and if necessary, a water-soluble alkyd prepolymer having a desired solid content is prepared.
  • a drier is added to the above-mentioned neutralized alkyd resin prepolymer system at room temperature, and the mixture is stirred and mixed to obtain a water-soluble polymer coating agent.
  • the drier is well known to those skilled in the art Drier.
  • the drier comprises a primary drier and, if desired, a drier and/or a drier active.
  • the primary drier may be used alone or in combination with one or more of a drier and/or a drier active.
  • the primary drier is, for example, selected from one or more of a cobalt salt and a manganese salt, preferably cobalt naphthenate or manganese naphthenate in an amount of the weight of the alkyd prepolymer in the system.
  • the drier is, for example, selected from one or more of lead, calcium, zinc, iron, cerium, zirconium salts, preferably naphthenate, in an amount of from 0 to 0.5 by weight of the alkyd prepolymer in the system. % by weight, preferably 0.01 K 5% by weight.
  • the driers active agent is referred to herein as "Active Agent A" which is a mixture of 38% by weight of 0-phenanthroline, 22% by weight of ethyl hexanoate and 40% by weight of n-butanol. It is used in an amount of 0 to 2.0% by weight, preferably 0.05% by weight, more preferably 0.1% to 0.8% by weight based on the weight of the alkyd resin prepolymer.
  • the water-soluble polymer coating agent has a solid content of 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight, more preferably 15 to 30% by weight.
  • the fertilizer core may be any water-soluble fertilizer, for example, a single fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer such as urea, phosphate fertilizer such as ammonium phosphate, potassium fertilizer such as potassium sulfate, compound fertilizer of any ratio of NPK, compound fertilizer , and other water-soluble plant nutrients.
  • a single fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer such as urea, phosphate fertilizer such as ammonium phosphate, potassium fertilizer such as potassium sulfate, compound fertilizer of any ratio of NPK, compound fertilizer , and other water-soluble plant nutrients.
  • the method for preparing the coated controlled release fertilizer of the present invention comprises coating a water-soluble polymer coating agent of the present invention on a surface of a fertilizer particle in a fluidized bed to form a polymer film, optionally coating the inorganic film on the polymer film.
  • the powder is formed into a coating process of the inorganic layer.
  • the coating process is preferably carried out in a boiling or rotary fluidized bed.
  • the water-soluble polymer coating agent of the present invention is coated on the surface of the fertilizer granules, preferably by spraying.
  • the coating process of the coated controlled release fertilizer of the present invention can be carried out in a conventional coating manner in the art.
  • the temperature in the fluidized bed is preferably 30 to 95 X:.
  • the fertilizer granules are placed in a boiling or rotary drum fluidized bed and preheated, for example preheated to a preferred temperature of 70 to 95 Torr. Then, the water-soluble polymer coating agent of the present invention at room temperature, preferably preheated, for example, preheated to at most 80, the water-soluble polymer coating agent of the present invention is uniformly sprayed onto the fertilizer particles through a double-flow nozzle to form a continuous uniform Polymer film. The amount of water-soluble polymeric coating agent is adjusted depending on the size of the fertilizer granules and the need for fertilizer nutrient release rate.
  • the weight of the polymer film is usually from 5 to 30% by weight, preferably from 7 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the dry fertilizer.
  • the inorganic powder is sprayed into a fluidized bed of preferably 30 to 95 ⁇ :, more preferably 70 to 95, to uniformly coat the surface of the polymer-coated fertilizer particles to form an inorganic layer.
  • the amount of the inorganic powder is usually from 0 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight, more preferably from 1 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the coated controlled release fertilizer.
  • the inorganic powder is selected from one or more selected from the group consisting of talc, diatomaceous earth, montmorillonite, kaolin, carbonic acid, 4 ⁇ 4, bentonite, attapulgite and sepiolite powder, preferably Talc powder, diatomaceous earth and calcium carbonate are more preferably micron-sized inorganic powders.
  • the particle size of the inorganic powder is preferably less than 20 microns, more preferably less than 10 microns, and most preferably less than 5 microns. Most preferred are talc, diatomaceous earth or calcium carbonate having a particle size of less than 5 microns.
  • the vegetable oils, fatty acids, polyols, polybasic acids, acid anhydrides, driers, and inorganic powders used were all industrial grades, the base used was a chemically pure reagent, and the water used was deionized water.
  • the nutrient release period of the controlled release fertilizer is expressed as the number of days required for controlled release nutrients to start at 25 ° C in still water until the 80% cumulative nutrient release rate is reached.
  • the specific measurement method is as follows: the controlled release fertilizer is immersed in water at 25 ° C, and the nutrients in the sample are dissolved into the water through the membrane, and the total nitrogen content dissolved by the titration method according to GB/T 8572 is determined according to GB/T. 8573 was determined by ammonium vanadium molybdate colorimetric method, and the dissolved potassium content was determined by flame photometer according to GB/T 8574. The time required for the dissolved nutrients to reach 80% of the total nutrient mass is the nutrient release period of the controlled release fertilizer.
  • a large particle of 5 kg of granules having a particle size of 3 to 4 mm (from Shandong Mingshui Chemical Co., Ltd., 46.4% by weight) was charged into a boiling fluidized bed and heated to about 90 ⁇ . 4 kg of the above-mentioned coating agent preheated to about 75" was sprayed from the double-flow nozzle to the surface of the fertilizer at a spraying rate of 80 g per minute. Then 100 g of diatomaceous earth having an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m was sprayed onto the diatomaceous earth. The surface of the fertilizer is about 80 X.
  • the composition of the controlled release fertilizer was 82% urea, 16.4% polymer, and 1.6% diatomaceous earth.
  • the controlled release fertilizer has a nutrient release period of 138 days.
  • the water-soluble polymer coating agent of Example 1 was used.
  • a large particle of 5 kg of granules having a particle size of 3 to 4 mm was placed in a boiling fluidized bed and heated to about 90 Torr. 4 kg of the above-mentioned coating agent which had been preheated to about 75 was sprayed from the two-flow nozzle to the surface of the fertilizer at a rate of 80 g per minute to obtain a polymer-coated controlled release urea.
  • the group of coated controlled release fertilizers accounted for 83.3% of urea and 16.7% of polymers.
  • the controlled release fertilizer has a feeding period of 105 days.
  • Example 1 The large-grain urea in Example 1 was replaced with a 2 ⁇ 4 mm compound fertilizer (the compound fertilizer was from Shandong Jinzhengda Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd., based on NP 2 0 5 -K 2 0% by weight: 16-16-16).
  • the water-soluble polymer coating agent and the coating process were the same as in Example 1.
  • the composition of the coated controlled release fertilizer was 82% for compound fertilizer, 16.4% for polymer and 1.6% for diatomaceous earth.
  • the nutrient release period of the controlled release fertilizer is 205 days.
  • the water-soluble polymer coating agent of Example 1 was used.
  • the composition of the controlled release fertilizer was 89.3% for urea, 8.9% for polymers, and 1.8% for diatomaceous earth.
  • the nutrient release period of the controlled release fertilizer is 56 days.
  • the above reaction system is cooled.
  • 55 g of a mixed solution of ethylene glycol diethyl ether and n-butanol (the weight ratio of the two is 1:2) is added and uniformly mixed, and the temperature is lowered to 50 or less.
  • the system was adjusted to a pH of 7-8 with 15% by weight aqueous ammonia and then diluted with deionized water to a solids content of 25% by weight.
  • 2 g of cobalt naphthenate, 1.2 g of zirconium naphthenate and 1.5 g of active agent A were separately added, and uniformly mixed to obtain a water-soluble polymer coating agent.
  • the composition of the controlled release fertilizer was 87.3 % for urea, 10.9% for polymer and 1.8% by weight for talc.
  • the nutrient release period of the controlled fertilizer is 70 days.
  • the above reaction system was cooled, and 90 g of isopropyl alcohol was added and mixed evenly when the temperature was lowered to 60. After cooling to below 50, adjust the system to pH 7-8 with ammonia water at a concentration of 15% by weight, then dilute with deionized water to a solids content of 20% by weight. Finally, 1,8 g of cobalt naphthenate and 2.5 g of active agent A were separately added, and uniformly mixed to obtain a water-soluble polymer coating agent.
  • a 5 kg sulphuric acid clock (from Shandong Jinzhengda Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd., 50% by weight of K 2 0) was placed in a boiling fluidized bed and preheated to about 90.
  • Three kilograms of the above-mentioned coating agent preheated to 80 'C was sprayed from the two-flow nozzle onto the fertilizer surface at a spraying rate of 60 grams per minute.
  • 120 g of calcium carbonate having an average particle diameter of 3.5 ⁇ m was uniformly sprayed to a temperature of 80. The surface of the fertilizer around C.
  • the composition of the controlled release fertilizer was 85.2% potassium sulfate, 12.8% polymer, and 2% carbonic acid.
  • the nutrient release period of the controlled release fertilizer is about 112 days.
  • the above reaction system was cooled down when the temperature was lowered to 50.
  • 70 g of a mixed solution of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and isopropyl alcohol (the weight ratio of the two was 1:2) was added and uniformly mixed, and the temperature was lowered to 50.
  • Below C first adjust the system with triethylamine to a pH of 7-8, then dilute to solids with deionized water. The amount is 20% by weight. Finally, 1.5 g of cobalt naphthenate, 1.5 g of zirconium naphthenate and 2 g of the active agent A were separately added, and uniformly mixed to obtain a water-soluble polymer coating agent.
  • the composition of the controlled release fertilizer was 89% potassium sulfate, 8.9% polymer, and 2.1% talc.
  • the nutrient release period of the controlled release fertilizer is 65 days.
  • An alkyd resin prepolymer was prepared by the same polymerization formulation and process as in Example 7.
  • the composition of the controlled release fertilizer was 89% potassium sulfate, 8.9% polymer, and 2.1% talc.
  • the controlled release fertilizer has a nutrient dry period of 52 days.
  • the above reaction system was cooled, and when the temperature was lowered to 50, 60 g of a mixed solution of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and isopropyl alcohol (the weight ratio of the two was 1:2) was added and uniformly mixed, and the temperature was lowered to
  • the composition of the controlled release fertilizer was composed of compound fertilizer accounting for 87.7 %, polymer accounting for 10.5%, and carbonic acid accounting for 1.8%.
  • the controlled release fertilizer has a nutrient release period of 114 days.

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水溶性聚合物包膜剂、 包膜控释肥料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种水溶性聚合物包膜剂以及包含该包膜剂的包膜控释肥 料及其制备方法, 属于材料和肥料技术领域。 背景技术
^/控释肥料的使用可以显著提高化肥利用率和劳动生产率,是降低农 产品生产成本的重要途径, 也是保护生态环境的重要手段, 是农业可持续 发展的重要保障。
在已报道的^ /控释肥料中, 包膜控释肥料是主流和主要发展方向。 包 硫尿素是以无机物为包膜剂的控幹肥料的典型代表, 其制备技术已在多项 专利中公开(例如见 US 3,342,577、 US 3,877,415, US 5,219,465 ) 。 这种 控释肥料的最大优点是原料及生产成本低, 但由于硫膜在生产、 存放及运 输过程中容易破裂, 从而大大降低了其对养分释放的可控性, 另外长期使 用涂硫肥料还会导致土壤酸化。 聚合物包膜控释肥料可以克服无机包膜肥 料的上述缺点,相关制备技术在专利中已有描述,例如见 US 3,223,518、 US 3,475,154, US 4,019,890, CN 1603288, 该类控释肥料的主要制备方法是 先将线型高分子溶解在有机溶剂中制成高分子稀溶液, 然后将其涂覆在肥 料颗粒表面, 随着溶剂的挥发高分子材料在肥料颗粒表面形成了一层聚合 物膜。 由于这类肥料表面包裹的是一层具有韧性的均匀致密的高分子膜, 所以其强度和耐磨耐冲击性能大大提高。 由于聚合物包膜控释肥料的养分 释放规律主要取决于养分通过聚合物膜层的扩散因素, 因而可以通过控制 包膜聚合物材料的组成与结构的途径, 使控释肥料养分的释放规律与植物 对养分的需求规律相匹配。 但这类控释肥料存在以下缺点: 聚合物包膜材 料价格及生产成本高; 大量有机溶剂的使用不仅严重浪费能源和资源, 而 且对人身健康和环境造成危害; 肥料养分释放完后的聚合物残膜在土壤中 不易降解, 长期使用会对土壤造成一定的污染。
水性聚合物包膜控释肥料可以部分地消除上述有机溶剂型聚合物包膜 肥料的弊端。 US 4,549,897公开了聚合物乳液作为肥料包膜剂的可行性, 随后出现了利用聚偏二氯乙烯水悬浮液作为包膜剂的研究 (见 Shavia A等. Fertilizer Research, 1993, 35: 1; Tzika M等. Powder Technology, 2003, 132: 16)。近期也有以废弃塑料为主要原料制备水性聚合物肥料包膜剂的报 道。 本发明人也对乳液型水性聚合物包膜剂及包膜控释肥料进行了研究, 见中国发明专利申请号 200710141886.1、 200710141889.5。 这些技术部分 地克服了溶剂型聚合物包膜控释肥料的缺点, 但由于合成这类包膜剂的原 料依赖于石油, 成本偏高, 另外包膜剂中的聚合物为热塑性合成树脂, 养 的聚合物残膜在土壤中 4 降解, 对土壤的污染问题没有得到很 好地解决。 发明内容
本发明的目的是针对目前聚合物包膜剂在控释肥料生产中存在的问 题, 提供一种环境友好的水溶性聚合物包膜剂以及包含该包膜剂的包膜控 释肥料, 可降低聚合物包膜控释肥料的成本, 降低有机溶剂型聚合物包膜 肥料对环境的危害, 同时养分释放后的聚合物残膜可以生物降解。
本发明的目的通过一种水溶性聚合物包膜剂来实现, 该包膜剂以中和 的形式包含醇酸树脂预聚体。
本发明还提供一种制备所述水溶性聚合物包膜剂的方法, 其包括如下 步骤: 将醇酸树脂预聚体与助溶剂混合, 用碱中和, 任选地用水稀释, 以 及加入催干剂。
本发明进一步提供一种包膜控释肥料以及所述肥料的制备方法。 该包 膜控释肥料由肥料芯和肥料芯外面的包膜组成, 其特征在于所述包膜包含 含本发明水溶性聚合物包膜剂的聚合物膜, 以及任选在聚合物膜外含无机 粉体的无机层。 其制备方法包括将水溶性聚合物包膜剂包覆在肥料颗粒表 面形成聚合物膜, 任选地在聚合物膜上包覆无机粉体以形成无机层的包膜 过程。
在本发明包膜控释肥料中, 由于所用的水溶性聚合物包膜剂以水为介 质, 大大减少了使用溶剂型聚合物包膜剂的缺点。 与其他合成聚合物包膜 材料相比,本发明中的醇酸树脂其主要原料来自于自然界可再生的植物油, 它不仅对石油的依赖度低, 而且成本低廉; 同时聚合物链上的植物油和脂 肪酸片段还赋予聚合物膜以生物可降解性能, 使土壤中的聚合物残膜可以 生物降解; 由于制备过程是从小分子原料出发, 可以通过调整聚合原料组 合物的组成、 配比及工艺来调整成膜聚合物的组成和结构, 从而达到调控 控释肥料养分释放的目的。 另外由于本发明聚合物包膜材料中含有能与水 分子发生締合作用的官能团, 因此该类材料还兼有一定的保水功能。
在本发明进一步优选的实施方案中, 本发明包膜控释肥料的包膜包含 含本发明水溶性聚合物包膜剂的聚合物膜以及在聚合物膜外含无机粉体的 无机层。 在该优选实施方案中, 含无机粉体的无机层作为最外层不仅可以 防粘和抗磨, 也部分地起到调节养分释放的作用。
本发明的水溶性聚合物包膜控幹肥料的优点是对环境友好, 聚合物残 膜在土壤中可生物降解, 控释时间可通过包膜剂的组成、 结构以及用量来 调节, 以满足不同作物不同应用场合对肥料的释放要求。 具体实施方式
本发明水溶性聚合物包膜剂以醇酸树脂预聚体为主要原料。 在本发明 的具体实施方案中, 首先制备出醇酸树脂预聚体, 然后与助溶剂混合, 用 碱中和, 任选地用水稀释, 以及加入催干剂而得到水溶性聚合物包膜剂。
(1) 制备醇酸树脂预聚体
本发明中所用的醇酸树脂预聚体优选由包含植物油和 /或来源于植物 的脂肪酸, 多元醇, 至少一种选自 c4-c22合成脂肪酸、 c4-c22合成脂肪酸 的酸酐、 芳香酸、 芳香酸的酸酐的组分的原料组合物通过共缩聚反应而得 到。
在本发明的优选实施方案中, 制备醇酸树脂预聚体所用的植物油例如 选自干性油和半干性油中的一种或多种, 其实例包括亚麻油、 桐油、 脱水 蓖麻油、 豆油、 棉籽油、 纳斯克尔油等。 所述来源于植物的脂肪酸例如选 自油酸、 亚油酸、 亚麻酸、 妥尔油、 松香中的一种或多种。 由于有些脂肪 酸如油酸、 亚油酸、 亚麻酸等是从油脂得来的, 因此在实际操作中, 这些 脂肪酸可以通 it^目应油脂的醇解而就地得到。 所述多元醇例如选自甘油、 三羟甲基丙烷、 季戊四醇、 山梨醇和二甘醇中的一种或多种, 优选甘油、 三羟曱基丙烷和季戊四醇。 所述 C4-C22合成脂肪酸及其酸酐优选碳原子数 为 4-22, 优选 4-12的一元酸或多元酸及其酸酐, 例如马来酸、 马来酸酐、 富马酸、 己酸、 癸酸、 己二酸、 癸二酸, 更优选 C4-C22二元酸及其酸酐, 尤其是己二酸、 癸二酸及其酸酐。 所述芳香酸及其酸酐优选选自芳族一元 酸、 芳族二元酸、 芳族三元酸及其酸酐, 具体实例包括苯甲酸、 邻苯二曱 酸、 邻苯二甲酸酐、 间苯二曱酸、 偏苯三酸、 偏苯三酸酐等, 优选芳族二 元酸、 三元酸及其酸酐, 尤其是邻苯二甲酸肝、 间苯二甲酸、 偏苯三酸和 偏苯三酸酐。 所述芳香酸及其酸酐可以是未取代的, 或被一个或多个选自 C,-C6烷基、 d-C6烷氧基、 C〗-C6卤代烷基、 卤素、 硝基的取代基取代。 所述卤或卤素选自氟、 氯、 溴和碘。 所述(:,-<:6烷基以及 CrC6烷氧基和 C C6卤代烷基的烷基结构部分是指具有 1-6个碳原子,尤其是 1-4个碳原 子的饱和直链或支化烃基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 1-曱基乙基、 丁基、 1-甲基丙基、 2-甲基丙基、 1,1-二曱基乙基、 戊基、 1-甲基丁基、 2-甲基丁 基、 3-曱基丁基、 2,2-二甲基丙基、 1-乙基丙基、 己基、 1,1-二曱基丙基、 1,2-二曱基丙基、 1-甲基戊基、 2-甲基戊基、 3-曱基戊基、 4-甲基戊基、 1,1- 二甲基丁基、 1,2-二甲基丁基、 1,3-二甲基丁基、 2,2-二甲基丁基、 2,3-二甲 基丁基、 3,3-二曱基丁基、 1-乙基丁基、 2-乙基丁基、 1,1,2-三甲基丙基、 1,2,2-三曱基丙基、 1-乙基 -1-曱基丙基、 1-乙基 -2-甲基丙基。 所述 d-C6卤 代烷基指具有 1-6个碳原子的直链或支化饱和烃基, 其中这些基团中的一 些或所有氢原子可以被上述卤原子替换, 其实例包括氯甲基、 溴曱基、 二 氯甲基、 三氯甲基、 氟甲基、 二氟甲基、 三氟曱基、 氯氟甲基、 二氯氟甲 基、 氯二氟曱基、 1-氯乙基、 1-溴乙基、 1-氟乙基、 2-氟乙基、 2,2-二氟乙 基、 2,2,2-三氟乙基、 2-氯 -2-氟乙基、 2-氯 -2,2-二氟乙基、 2,2-二氯 -2-氟乙 基、 2,2,2-三氯乙基、 五氟乙基等。 所述 d-C6烷氧基指经由氧原子连接的 具有 1-6个碳原子的直链或支化饱和烃基, 其实例包括曱氧基、 乙氧基、 OCH2-C2H5、 OCH(CH3)2、正丁 tj>、 OCH(CH3)-C2H5、 OCH2-CH(CH3)2> OC(CH3)3、 正戊氧基、 1-甲基丁 、 2-甲基丁氧基、 3-甲基丁 U&、 1,1- 二甲基丙氧基、 1,2-二甲基丙 H &、 2,2-二甲基-丙氧基、 1-乙基丙氡基、 正 己 L&、 1-甲基戊氧基、 2-曱基戊 |L &、 3-甲基戊 L &、 4-曱基戊氧基、 1,1-二 甲基丁氧基、 1,2-二曱基丁氧基、 1,3-二甲基丁氧基、 2,2-二甲基丁氧基、 2,3-二曱基丁氧基、 3,3-二甲基丁氧基、 1-乙基丁氧基、 2-乙基丁氧基、 1,1,2-三甲基丙 #1^、 1,2,2-三甲基丙氧基、 1-乙基 -1-曱基丙氧基、 1-乙基 -2- 曱基丙氧基等。
本发明中的共缩聚反应可以按照本领域技术人员已知的共缩聚方法来 进行。 共缩聚反应温度例如为 100 280 X:, 优选为 140〜250 ; 聚合反应 时间例如为 1~24小时, 优选为 4〜12小时。 聚合反应终点和所得醇酸树脂 的质量通过树脂的酸值来控制。 树脂的酸值是指中和 1 克树脂所消耗的 KOH的亳克数(单位是 mgKOH/g树脂) 。 本发明按照 GB/T2895-1982 标准, 以等体积比的乙醇和乙醚为混合溶剂来测定树脂的酸值。 本发明人 经研究发现, 所得醇酸树脂预聚体的酸值影响该聚合物在本发明中用作包 膜剂的性能。 在聚合配方一定时, 醇酸树脂预聚体的酸值越大, 其水溶性 越好, 但所形成的包膜剂亲水性也越高, 从而导致控释肥料的控释时间变 短。 在本发明中, 有利的是, 所用醇酸树脂预聚体的酸值为 10~150 mgKOH/g树脂, 优选 20~120 mgKOH/g树脂, 更优选 30~80 mgKOH/g 树脂, 最优选 40~70 mgKOH/g树脂。
在本发明中, 用于聚合反应的原料组合物的组成可以根据需要在较大 的范围内调节,其中植物油和 /或来源于植物的脂肪酸的用量和原料组合物 体系中羟基与 的摩尔比影响预聚体的酸值以及体系的粘度。 醇酸树脂 预聚体的粘度越大, 在下述包膜剂制备过程中所用助溶剂越多。 优选地, 植物油和 /或来源于植物的脂肪酸的用量占原料组合物总重量的 30〜70 重 量%, 更优选 40~60重量%; 原料组合物体系中羟基与^ &的摩尔比优选 为 0.8~1.4, 更优选 0.9〜1.3。
在本发明中, 所述醇酸树脂预聚体的制备方法可以为醇解法或脂肪酸 法, 二者的主要区别在于前者是以植物油为原料, 而后者是以来源于植物 油的脂肪酸为原料。 本发明优选醇解法。 共缩聚反应可以在空气中或在惰 性气体保护下进行, 优选在惰性气体中, 惰性气体优选为氮气。 共缩聚反 应可以在溶剂中进行, 也可以在熔融状态下进行, 优选熔融共缩聚工艺。
(A) 醇解法
本发明中所用的醇解法可以本领域技术人员所熟知的醇解法进行。 在 优选的实施方案中,将植物油,多元醇和至少一种选自 C4-C22合成脂肪酸、 C4-C22合成脂肪酸的酸酐、 芳香酸、 芳香酸的酸酐的组分加入反应釜中, 在 100〜280"C, 优选 140~250"C的温度下反应 1〜24小时, 优选 4~12小时, 期间用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水。 降温后得到醇酸树脂预聚体。
在进一步优选的实施方案中, 首先将植物油、 多元醇和二元酸(和 / 或其酸酐)加入装有搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保护的反应釜 中, 升温到 160~260"C反应 0.5~6小时, 优选 200~2401反应 2~4小时。 然 后降温到 120~200"C, 加入其他多元酸(和 /或其酸秆), 保温反应至少 0.5 小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水。 任选地, 在降温到 130~160 "C时加入树脂总重量的 2~20重量%的松香, 优选 3~10重量%, 并在此温 度下反应 5分钟到 2小时, 优选 10分钟到 0.5小时。 降温后得到具有一定 酸值的醇酸树脂预聚体。
(B)脂肪酸法
本发明中所用的脂肪酸法可以本领域技术人员所熟知的脂肪酸法进 行。 在优选的实施方案中, 首先将来源于植物的脂肪酸, 多元醇和至少一 种选自 c4-c22合成脂肪酸、 c4-c22合成脂肪酸的酸酐、 芳香酸、 芳香酸的 酸酐的组分加入反应釜中, 在 100〜280*C , 优选 140 250 "C的温度下反应 1〜24小时, 优选 4~12小时, 期间用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水。 降 温后得到醇酸树脂预聚体。
在进一步优选的制备方法中, 首先将来源于植物的脂肪酸、 多元醇和 二元酸(和 /或其酸酐)加入装有搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保 护的反应釜中, 升温到 160~260* 反应 0.5-6小时, 优选 200〜240* 反应 2-4小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水, 然后降温到 120~200 , 加入其他多元酸(和 /或其酸酐) , 保温反应至少 0.5小时, 并用除水器及 时除去反应中生成的水。 任选地, 在降温到 130〜160"C时加入树脂总重量 的 2~20重量%的松香, 优选 3~10重量%, 并在此温度下反应 5分钟到 2 小时, 优选 10分钟到 0.5小时。 降温后得到具有一定酸值的醇酸树脂预聚 体。
(2) 制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂
本发明水溶性聚合物包膜剂的制备包括如下步驟:
将醇酸树脂预聚体与助溶剂混合,
用碱中和,
任选地用水稀释, 以及
加入催干剂。
在优选的实施方案中, 按照适当的比例将助溶剂在搅拌下加入到处于 25-120 C , 优选 50~100 的醇酸树脂预聚体中, 优选助溶剂用量为醇酸树 脂预聚体重量的 2〜50重量%, 更优选 5-20重量%。
在本发明中, 所述助溶剂优选选自低链脂肪醇类、 溶纤剂类和其他水 溶性有机溶剂中的一种或多种。 所述的低链脂肪醇类优选选自 C2-C6—元 醇或多元醇中的一种或多种, 例如乙醇、 正丙醇、 异丙醇、 乙二醇、 丙二 醇、 正丁醇、 仲丁醇等; 所述溶纤剂类优选选自二元醇或其缩醇的单醚或 二醚中的一种或多种, 例如乙二醇单曱醚、 乙二醇单乙醚、 乙二醇单丁醚、 乙二醇二甲醚、 乙二醇二乙醚、 一缩二乙二醇单甲醚、 丙二醇单甲醚、 丙 二醇单乙醚、 一缩二丙二醇单甲醚、 一缩二丙二醇单乙醚等; 其他水溶性 有机溶剂优选选自丙酮、 丁酮、 吡咯烷酮、 四氢呋喃、 二氧六环中的一种 或多种。 优选低链脂肪醇类和溶纤剂类。
用于中和的碱是任何常规用于中和的无机碱和有机碱中的一种或多 种, 其实例包括碱金属氢氧化物, 碱土金属氢氧化物, 胺类等, 如氢氧化 钠、 氢氧化钾、 氨水、 三乙胺、 三甲胺、 三乙醇胺、 吗啉, 优选氨水、 三 乙胺、 三曱胺、 氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾。 所述碱优选以水溶液的形式使用。 中和的程度使上述醇酸树脂预聚体溶液体系 pH值在 7-8之间。
如果需要的话, 可以向上述中性体系中进一步加入水, 优选去离子水 和蒸馏水, 根据需要配制成所需固含量的水溶性醇酸树脂预聚体。
在室温下向上述中和后的醇酸树脂预聚体体系中加入催干剂, 搅拌混 合均匀后得到水溶性聚合物包膜剂。 所述催干剂为本领域技术人员所熟知 的催干剂。所述催干剂包括主催干剂以及如果需要的话助催干剂和 /或催干 活性剂。 其中主催干剂可以单独使用, 也可以与助催干剂和 /或催干活性剂 中的一种或多种复合使用。 所述主催干剂例如选自钴盐和锰盐中的一种或 多种, 优选环烷酸钴、 环烷酸锰, 其用量为体系中醇酸树脂预聚体重量的
0.005~0.5重量%, 优选 0.03~0.2重量。 /。。 所述助催干剂例如选自铅、 钙、 锌、 铁、 钡、 锆盐的一种或多种, 优选环烷酸盐, 其用量为体系中醇酸树 脂预聚体重量的 0~0.5重量%, 优选 0.01 K5重量%。 所述催干活性剂在 本发明中被称为 "活性剂 A" , 它是由 38重量%的 0 -二氮杂菲、 22重量 %己酸乙酯和 40重量%的正丁醇混合而成,其用量为醇酸树脂预聚体重量 的 0~2.0重量%, 优选 0.05 1.0重量%, 更优选 0.1~0.8重量%。
在本发明中,水溶性聚合物包膜剂的固含量为 5~60重量%,优选 10〜40 重量%, 更优选 15〜30重量%。
(3) 包膜控释肥料及其制备方法
对本发明而言,肥料芯可以是任何水溶性肥料,例如可以是单一肥料, 例如氮肥如尿素、 磷肥如磷酸铵、 钾肥如硫酸钾, 也可以是任意氮磷钾比 例的复合肥料、 复混肥料, 以及其他水溶性植物营养成分。
制备本发明包膜控释肥料的方法包括在流化床中, 将本发明水溶性聚 合物包膜剂包覆到肥料颗粒表面而形成聚合物膜, 任选地在聚合物膜上包 覆无机粉体以形成无机层的包膜过程。 所述包膜过程优选在沸腾式或转鼓 式流化床中进行。 将本发明水溶性聚合物包膜剂包覆到肥料颗粒表面, 优 选采用喷涂的方式进行。 本发明包膜控释肥料的包膜过程可以本领域的常 规包膜方式进行。 流化床内温度优选为 30~95 X:。
在进一步优选的实施方案中, 将肥料颗粒放入沸腾式或转鼓式流化床 中, 将其预热, 例如预热到优选温度为 70〜95Χ。 然后将室温下的本发明 水溶性聚合物包膜剂, 优选预热的, 例如预热到至多 80 的本发明水溶性 聚合物包膜剂通过双流喷嘴均匀喷涂到肥料颗粒上, 形成连续均匀的聚合 物膜。 水溶性聚合物包膜剂的用量根据肥料颗粒的大小和对肥料养分释放 速率的需求来调节。 按干物质重量计算, 聚合物膜的重量通常占控幹肥料 总重量的 5~30重量%, 优选 7〜20重量%。 如果需要的话, 将无机粉体喷撒到优选为 30~95Χ:, 更优选 70〜95 的流化床内, 使其均匀地包覆在已包覆聚合物的肥料颗粒表面, 形成无机 层。 通常无机粉体用量占包膜控释肥料总重量的 0〜10重量%, 优选 0.5〜5 重量%, 更优选 1~3重量%。
在本发明的优选实施方案中, 所述无机粉体选自滑石粉、 硅藻土、 蒙 脱土、 高岭土、 碳酸 4¾、 膨润土、 凹凸棒土和海泡石粉中的一种或多种, 优选滑石粉、 硅藻土和碳酸钙, 更优选微米级无机粉体。 无机粉体的粒径 优选小于 20微米, 更优选小于 10微米, 最优选小于 5微米。 最优选粒径 小于 5微米的滑石粉、 硅藻土或碳酸钙。
实施例
以下通过实施例进一步详细描述本发明, 所述实施例仅在于说明本发 明而决不限制本发明。
在下述所有实施例中, 所用的植物油、 脂肪酸、 多元醇、 多元酸、 酸 酐、 催干剂和无机粉体均为工业级, 所用碱为化学纯试剂, 所用水为去离 子水。
在下述所有实施例中,控释肥料的养分释放期用控释养分在 25°C静水 中浸提开始至达到 80%的累积养分释放率所需的天数来表示。具体测定方 法如下:用 25'C的水静置浸泡控释肥料,试料中的养分通过膜溶出到水中, 按 GB/T 8572用蒸馏后滴定法测定溶出的总氮含量,按 GB/T 8573用钒钼 酸铵比色法测定溶出的磷含量, 按 GB/T 8574用火焰光度计法测定溶出的 钾含量。溶出养分达到该养分总质量的 80%时所需的时间即为控释肥料的 养分释放期。
实施例 1
(1) 制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂
将 480克亚麻油、 236克三羟甲基丙烷和 166克间苯二甲酸加入装有 搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保护的反应釜中, 升温到 235。C反 应 3.5小时, 然后降温到 175°C , 加入 73克偏苯三酸酐, 在此温度下反应 约 3 小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水, 当体系的酸值达到 62 mgKOH/g树脂时, 降低体系温度到 150。C, 加入 49克松香反应 20分钟。 将上述反应体系降温, 当温度降低到 70X:时加入 70克由乙二醇单丁 醚和异丙醇组成的混合溶液(二者的重量比为 1:1.5 )并混合均匀, 降到 50" 以下, 先用 15重量%的氨水调节体系到 PH为 7-8, 然后用去离子水 稀释到固含量为 25重量%。 最后分别加入 2.5克环烷酸钴、 2.2克环烷酸 锆和 1克活性剂 A, 混合均匀, 得到水溶性聚合物包膜剂。
(2)肥料包膜过程
将 5公斤粒径为 3~4毫米的大颗粒尿素(来自山东明水化工有限公司, 以 ]^重量%计为 46.4 )装入沸腾式流化床内并加热到约 90 。将已预热到 约 75" 的 4公斤上述包膜剂从双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料表面,喷涂速率为每分 钟 80克。 然后将 100克平均粒径为 3微米的硅藻土均勾喷撒到温度为 80 X左右的肥料表面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得包膜控释肥料的组成为尿素占 82%, 聚合物 占 16.4%, 硅藻土占 1.6%。 该控释肥料的养分释放期为 138天。
实施例 2
使用实施例 1中的水溶性聚合物包膜剂。
将 5公斤粒径为 3~4毫米的大颗粒尿素(来自山东明水化工有限公司, 以 N重量%计为 46.4 )装入沸腾式流化床内并加热到约 90Ό。将已预热到 约 75 的 4公斤上述包膜剂以每分钟 80克的速率从双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料 表面, 得到聚合物包膜控释尿素。 以干物质重量计算, 包膜控释肥料的组 成为尿素占 83.3% ,聚合物占 16.7%。该控释肥料的养^ 放期为 105天。 实施例 3
将实施例 1中的大颗粒尿素用 2~4毫米的复合肥来代替 (复合肥来自山 东金正大生态工程股份有限公司, 以 N-P205-K20重量%计: 16-16-16), 水溶性聚合物包膜剂和包膜过程与实施例 1相同。 以干物质重量计算, 所 得包膜控释肥料的组成为复合肥占 82%,聚合物占 16.4%,硅藻土占 1.6%。 该控释肥料的养分释放期为 205天。
实施例 4
使用实施例 1中的水溶性聚合物包膜剂。
将 5公斤粒径为 3~4毫米的大颗粒尿素(来自山东明水化工有限公司, 以 N重量%计为 46.4 )装入沸腾式流化床内并加热到约 90 。将已预热到 约 75 的 2公斤上述包膜剂从双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料表面,喷涂速率为每分 钟 40克。 然后将 100克平均粒径为 3微米的硅藻土均匀喷撒到温度为 80 左右的肥料表面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得包膜控释肥料的组成为尿素占 89.3%, 聚合 物占 8.9%, 硅藻土占 1.8%。 该控释肥料的养分释放期为 56天。
实施例 5
(1) 制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂
将 180克亚麻油、 220克脱水蓖麻油、 223克三羟甲基丙烷和 148克邻 苯二甲酸酐加入装有搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保护的反应釜 中, 升温到 225。C反应 2.5小时。 然后降温到 170。C, 加入 64克偏苯三酸, 在此温度下反应约 3.5小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水, 当体 系的酸值达到 56 mgKOH/g树脂时, 降温到 160°C, 加入 60克松香反应 15分钟。
将上述反应体系降温, 当温度降低到 60 C时加入 55克由乙二醇二乙 醚和正丁醇组成的混合溶液(二者的重量比为 1:2 )并混合均匀, 降到 50 以下, 先用 15重量%的氨水调节体系到 PH为 7-8, 然后用去离子水稀 释到固含量为 25重量%。 最后分别加入 2克环烷酸钴、 1.2克环烷酸锆和 1.5克活性剂 A, 混合均匀后得到水溶性聚合物包膜剂。
(2)肥料包膜过程
将 5公斤粒径为 3〜4毫米的大颗粒尿素(来自山东明水化工有限公司, 以 N重量%计为 46.4 )装入沸腾式流化床内,加热到约 90 " 。将已预热到 85X的 2.5公斤上述包膜剂从双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料表面, 喷涂速率为每分 钟 50克。 然后将 100克平均粒径为 3微米的滑石粉均 喷撒到温度在 85 'C左右的肥料表面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得包膜控释肥料的组成为尿素占 87.3 % , 聚合 物占 10.9%, 滑石粉占 1.8重量%。 该控幹肥料的养分释放期为 70天。 实施例 6
(1) 制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂 将 221克亚麻油、 221克桐油、 215克三羟甲基丙烷、 74克邻苯二甲 酸酐和 83克间苯二甲酸加入装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、温度计和有氮气保 护的反应釜中, 升温到 240。C反应 2.5小时。 然后降温到 180。C, 加入 49 克偏苯三酸, 在此温度下反应约 3小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成 的水, 当体系的酸值达到 46 mgKOH/g树脂时, 降温到 155。C, 加入 52 克松香反应 20分钟。
将上述反应体系降温, 当温度降低到 60 时加入 90克异丙醇并混合 均匀。 降温到 50 以下, 先用浓度为 15重量%的氨水调节体系到 PH为 7-8, 然后用去离子水稀释到固含量为 20重量%。 最后分别加入 1,8克环 烷酸钴和 2.5克活性剂 A, 混合均匀后得到水溶性聚合物包膜剂。
(2)肥料包膜过程
将 5公斤粒径为 3〜5毫米的硫酸钟(来自山东金正大生态工程股份有 限公司产, 以 K20重量%计为 50 )装入沸腾式流化床内, 预热到约 90。C。 将已预热到 80 'C的 3公斤上述包膜剂从双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料表面,喷涂速 率为每分钟 60克。最后将 120克平均粒径为 3.5微米的碳酸钙均匀喷撒到 温度在 80。C左右的肥料表面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得包膜控释肥料的组成为硫酸钾占 85.2 %, 聚 合物占 12.8%, 碳酸 占 2%。 该控释肥料的养分释放期约为 112天。 实施例 7
(1) 制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂
将 290克桐油、 135克豆油、 112克三羟甲基丙烷、 70克季戊四醇和 166克间苯二甲酸加入装有搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保护的 反应釜中, 升温到 230 °C反应 3小时。 然后降温到 180°C, 加入 49克偏苯 三酸肝,在此温度下反应约 3小时,并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水, 当体系的酸值达到 48 mgKOH/g树脂时, 降温到 155 °C,加入 52克松香反 应 20分钟。
将上述反应体系降温, 当温度降低到 50。C时加入 70克由乙二醇单乙 醚和异丙醇组成的混合溶液(二者的重量比为 1:2 )并混合均匀, 降温到 50。C以下,先用三乙胺调节体系到 PH为 7-8, 然后用去离子水稀释到固含 量为 20重量%。 最后分别加入 1.5克环烷酸钴、 1.5克环烷酸锆和 2克活 性剂 A, 混合均匀后得到水溶性聚合物包膜剂。
(2)肥料包膜过程
将 5公斤粒径为 3〜5毫米的硫酸钾(来自山东金正大生态工程股份有 限公司产,以 K20重量%计为 50 )装入沸腾式流化床内,预加热到约 90 °C。 将已预热到 80。C的 2公斤上述包膜剂从双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料表面,喷涂速 率为每分钟 50克。然后将 120克平均粒径为 3微米的滑石粉均匀喷撒到温 度在 80。C左右的肥料表面。
以干物质重量计算,所得包膜控释肥料的组成为硫酸钾占 89 %,聚合 物占 8.9%, 滑石粉占 2.1%。 该控释肥料的养分释放期为 65天。
实施例 8
(1) 制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂
用与实施例 7相同的聚合配方和工艺制备出醇酸树脂预聚体。
当预聚体温度降低到 50°C时加入 70克由一缩二乙二醇单甲醚和异丙 醇组成的混合溶液(二者的重量比为 1:2 )并混合均匀, 降温到 50°C以下, 先用 5重量%氢氧化钠水溶液调节体系到 PH为 7-8,然后用去离子水稀释 到固含量为 20重量%。最后分别加入 1.5克环烷酸钴、 1.5克环烷酸锆和 2 克活性剂 A, 混合均匀后得到水溶性聚合物包膜剂。
(2)肥料包膜过程
肥料包膜过程中的配方和工艺与实施例 7相同。
以干物质重量计算,所得包膜控释肥料的组成为硫酸钾占 89 %,聚合 物占 8.9%, 滑石粉占 2.1%。 该控释肥料的养分幹放期为 52天。
实施例 9
(1) 制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂
将 83克间苯二甲酸、 74克邻苯二曱酸酐、 378克亚油酸和 275克三 羟甲基丙烷加入装有搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保护的反应釜 中, 升温到 240。C反应 3.5小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水, 然 后降温到 185。C, 加入 69克偏苯三酸酐, 保温反应并用除水器及时除去反 应中生成的水, 约 4小时后体系的酸值达到 57 mgKOH/g树脂。 降温到 150 °C时加入 30克松香反应 25分钟。
将上述反应体系降温, 当温度降低到 50 时加入 60克由乙二醇单丁 醚和异丙醇组成的混合溶液(二者的重量比为 1:2 )并混合均匀, 降温到
501:以下,先用三乙胺调节体系到 PH为 7-8, 然后用去离子水稀释到固含 量为 20重量%。 最后分别加入 2克环烷酸钴和 2.5克活性剂 A, 混合均匀 后得到水溶性聚合物包膜剂。
(2)肥料包膜过程
将 5公斤粒径为 2〜4亳米的复合肥(来自山东金正大生态工程股份有 限公司, 以 N-P205-K20重量%计: 16-16-16 ) ¾ 沸腾式流化床内, 预热 到约 90 °C。将已预热到约 85。C的 3公斤上述包膜剂从双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料 表面, 喷涂速率为每分钟 60克。 最后将 100克平均粒径为 3.5微米的碳酸 钙均匀喷撒到温度在 80。C左右的肥料表面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得包膜控释肥料的组成为复合肥占 87.7 %, 聚 合物占 10.5%, 碳酸 占 1.8%。 该控释肥料的养分释放期为 114天。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种水溶性聚合物包膜剂,其特征在于该包膜剂以中和的形式包含 醇酸树脂预聚体。
2.根据权利要求 1的水溶性聚合物包膜剂,其中所述醇酸树脂预聚体 的酸值为 10 150 mgKOH/g树脂, 优选 20~120mgKOH/g树脂, 更优选 30-80 mgKOH/g树脂, 最优选为 40~70 mgKOH/g树脂。
3.根据权利要求 1的水溶性聚合物包膜剂,其特征在于所述包膜剂的 固含量为 5~60重量%, 优选为 10〜40重量%, 更优选为 15~30重量%。
4. 根据权利要求 1-3中任一项的水溶性聚合物包膜剂, 其特征在于所 述醇酸树脂预聚体由包含植物油和 /或来源于植物的脂肪酸, 多元醇, 至少 一种选自 c4-c22合成脂肪酸、 c4-c22合成脂肪酸的酸酐、 芳香酸、 芳香酸 的酸酐的组分的原料组合物通过共缩聚反应而得到,
其中所述植物油和 /或来源于植物的脂肪酸的用量占原料组合物总重 量的 30~70重量%, 优选 40〜60重量%; 原料组合物中羟基与羧基的摩尔 比为 0·8〜1·4, 优选 0.9~1
5.根据权利要求 4的水溶性聚合物包膜剂,其中所述植物油选自干性 油和半干性油中的一种或多种, 优选亚麻油、 桐油、 脱水蓖麻油、 豆油、 棉籽油和纳斯克尔油; 所述来源于植物的脂肪酸选自油酸、 亚油酸、 亚麻 酸、妥尔油和松香中的一种或多种; 所述多元醇选自甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、 季戊四醇、 山梨醇和二甘醇中的一种或多种; 所述 C4-C22合成脂肪酸及其 酸酐选自 c4-c22—元酸、 多元酸及其酸酐, 优选 c4-c22二元酸及其酸酐, 尤其是己二酸、 癸二酸及其酸酐; 所述芳香酸及其酸酐选自芳族一元酸、 芳族二元酸、 芳族三元酸及其酸酐, 尤其是邻苯二曱酸酐、 间苯二甲酸、 偏苯三酸和偏苯三酸酐。
6.根据权利要求 4的水溶性聚合物包膜剂,其特征在于所述预聚体的 制备方法为醇解法或脂肪酸法, 优选醇解法。
7.根据权利要求 4的水溶性聚合物包膜剂,其中所述共缩聚反应为溶 液共缩聚或熔融共缩聚, 优选熔融共缩聚。
8.根据权利要求 4的水溶性聚合物包膜剂,其中所述共缩聚反应温度 为 100~280X ,优选为 140〜250Ό;聚合反应时间为 1〜24小时,优选为 4~12 小时。
9. 一种制备权利要求 1-8中任一项的水溶性聚合物包膜剂的方法, 其 包括如下步骤:
将醇酸树脂预聚体与助溶剂混合,
用碱中和,
任选地用水稀释, 以及
加入催干剂。
10.根据权利要求 9的制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂的方法, 其中所述助 溶剂选自低链脂肪醇类、 溶纤剂类和和其他水溶性有机溶剂中的一种或多 种, 所述低链脂肪醇类选自 c2-c6—元醇或多元醇中的一种或多种, 例如 乙醇、 正丙醇、 异丙醇、 乙二醇、 丙二醇、 正丁醇、 仲丁醇; 所述溶纤剂 类选自二元醇或其缩醇的单醚或二醚中的一种或多种,例如乙二醇单曱醚、 乙二醇单乙醚、 乙二醇单丁醚、 乙二醇二甲醚、 乙二醇二乙醚、 一缩二乙 二醇单甲醚、 丙二醇单曱醚、 丙二醇单乙醚、 一缩二丙二醇单曱醚、 一缩 二丙二醇单乙醚等; 其他水溶性有机溶剂选自丙酮、 丁酮、 吡咯烷酮、 四 氢呋喃、 二氧六环中的一种或多种; 优选低链脂肪醇类和溶纤剂类, 优选 所述助溶剂用量为醇酸树脂预聚体重量的 2〜50重量%, 更优选为 5-20重 量%。
11.根据权利要求 9的制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂的方法, 其中所述碱 为无机碱和有机碱中的一种或多种, 优选碱金属氢氧化物、 碱土金属氢氧 化物和胺类; 更优选氨水、 三乙胺、 三甲胺、 氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾。
12.根据权利要求 9的制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂的方法, 其中所述催 干剂包括主催干剂以及非必要的助催干剂和 /或催干活性剂。
13.根据权利要求 12的制备水溶性聚合物包膜剂的方法,其中所述主 催干剂选自钴盐和锰盐中的一种或多种, 优选环烷酸钴和环烷酸锰, 优选 其用量为醇酸树脂预聚体重量的 0.005 5重量%; 所述助催干剂选自铅、 钙、 锌、 铁、 钡、 锆盐中的一种或多种, 其用量为醇酸树脂预聚体重量的 0~0.5重量%, 优选 0.01~0.5重量%; 所述催干活性剂是由 38重量%的 二氮杂菲、 22重量%己酸乙酯和 40重量%的正丁醇混合而成, 其用量为 醇酸树脂预聚体重量的 0~2.0重量%, 优选 0.05 1.0重量%。
14. 一种包膜控释肥料, 其由肥料芯和肥料芯外面的包膜组成, 其特 征在于所述包膜包含含权利要求 1~8任一项的水溶性聚合物包膜剂或根据 权利要求 9-13任一项的方法得到的水溶剂聚合物包膜剂的聚合物膜以及 任选在聚合物膜外含无机粉体的无机层。
15.根据权利要求 14的包膜控释肥料, 其中以干物质重量计算, 所述 聚合物膜的重量为控释肥料总重量的 5〜30%, 优选 7〜20%。
16.根据权利要求 14的包膜控释肥料,其特征在于无机粉体占控释肥 料总重量的 0~10重量%, 优选 0.5~5重量%, 更优选 1~3重量%。
17.根据权利要求 14的包膜控释肥料,其中所述无机粉体选自滑石粉、 硅藻土、 蒙脱土、 高岭土、 碳酸钙、 膨润土、 凹凸棒土和海泡石粉中的一 种或多种, 优选滑石粉、 硅藻土和碳酸钙, 更优选微米级、 优选小于 5微 米的无机粉体, 进一步优选粒径小于 5微米的滑石粉、 硅藻土和碳酸钙。
18. 一种制备权利要求 14-17任一项的包膜控释肥料的方法, 其包括 在流化床中, 优选在沸腾式或转鼓式流化床中, 将权利要求 1~8任一项的 水溶性聚合物包膜剂或根据权利要求 9-13 任一项的方法得到的水溶剂聚 合物包膜剂包覆到肥料颗粒上形成聚合物膜, 优选地将所述水溶性聚合物 包膜剂通过双流喷嘴喷涂在肥料颗粒表面上, 以及任选地在聚合物膜上包 覆无机粉体以形成无机层的包膜过程。
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CN102702492A (zh) * 2012-03-14 2012-10-03 江苏天竹化工科技有限公司 一种低色度快干型醇酸树脂的制备方法
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CN105001001A (zh) * 2015-08-04 2015-10-28 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 铁离子和多酚螯合物改性的水基聚丙烯酸酯包膜控释肥料及其制备方法
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CN115417710A (zh) * 2016-07-01 2022-12-02 青岛合子肥生物科技有限公司 一种有机-无机聚合保水肥料及其制备方法和应用

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