WO2009143656A1 - 水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009143656A1 WO2009143656A1 PCT/CN2008/001065 CN2008001065W WO2009143656A1 WO 2009143656 A1 WO2009143656 A1 WO 2009143656A1 CN 2008001065 W CN2008001065 W CN 2008001065W WO 2009143656 A1 WO2009143656 A1 WO 2009143656A1
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- water
- alkyd resin
- weight
- wax
- controlled release
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/38—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with wax or resins
Definitions
- the invention relates to a coated controlled release fertilizer, and more particularly to a water-soluble alkyd resin-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of materials and fertilizers. Background technique
- thermosetting resin coated controlled release fertilizer polymer coated controlled release fertilizer
- thermoplastic resin coated controlled release fertilizer polymer coating agents are expensive and the manufacturing process is complicated, so the cost of producing fertilizers is too high, and it is difficult to promote them in field crops.
- thermoplastic resin coated controlled release fertilizers in addition to polymerization The price of the coating agent is still high.
- a layer of polymer film not only causes waste of energy and resources, but also poses a hazard to human health and the environment.
- the polymer residual film is not easily degraded in the soil, and the long-term use may cause certain pollution to the soil.
- the water-soluble polymer coated controlled-release fertilizer has simple preparation process and equipment, and is easy to realize industrialization. At the same time, the environmental pollution is small during the production process, saving resources and energy, and conforming to the development direction of economy and environmental protection. In order to fully utilize the advantages of green polymer coated controlled release fertilizers in terms of environmental protection and low cost, it is necessary to overcome the defects that the coating agent itself in the water-soluble polymer coating agent dissolves the fertilizer and the polymer film is not easily degraded. Summary of the invention
- the object of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly water-soluble alkyd resin-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer, which greatly reduces the environmental damage caused by the large amount of organic solvent used by the traditional polymer coating agent, and effectively prevents water solubility.
- the dissolution of water by the fertilizer during the polymer coating process greatly reduces the cost of the polymer coating agent, and the formed polymer film can be biodegraded.
- a water-soluble alkyd-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer consisting of a fertilizer core and a coating on the outer side of the fertilizer core, characterized in that the coating comprises a wax film and a wax film.
- the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above water-soluble alkyd resin-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer, the method comprising first coating a wax on a surface of a fertilizer particle to form a wax film, and then coating the water soluble alkyd resin film The coating is applied to the surface of the wax film to form a polymer film, and optionally a coating process of coating the inorganic film on the polymer film to form an inorganic layer.
- the water-soluble alkyd resin-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer of the present invention effectively blocks the water-soluble alkyd resin because the surface of the fertilizer particles has been covered by the wax hydrophobic layer before being coated with the water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent.
- the dissolution of moisture by the coating agent during the encapsulation process eliminates the defects caused by the traditional water-soluble polymer coating agent, and the fertilizer product has better controlled release performance.
- the alkyd resin of the present invention is mainly derived from natural renewable vegetable oil, which has low dependence on petroleum and low cost; and the vegetable oil and fatty acid fragments on the polymer chain also impart polymer
- the membrane is biodegradable; since the preparation process is based on small molecular materials, the composition and structure of the film-forming polymer can be adjusted by adjusting the polymerization formula and process to achieve precise regulation and control. The purpose of fertilizers for nutrients.
- the polymer coating material contains functional groups capable of association with water molecules, the materials also have certain water retention properties.
- the water-soluble alkyd resin-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer of the present invention further comprises an outermost layer containing an inorganic powder.
- the inorganic layer containing the inorganic powder as the outermost layer not only has anti-adhesion and anti-wear properties, but also partially functions to regulate nutrient release.
- the water-soluble alkyd resin-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer of the invention has the advantages of low cost, impact resistance, abrasion resistance and excellent controlled release property, small pollution in the production process, non-toxicity and no pollution during use, and release of nutrients.
- the residual polymer film in the soil can be biodegraded.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a water-soluble alkyd-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer prepared in accordance with the present invention.
- the water-soluble alkyd resin-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer granule of the invention is a fertilizer core, a wax film layer and a polymer film layer from the inside to the outside. detailed description
- the process for preparing a water-soluble alkyd resin-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer comprises the preparation of a water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent and a fertilizer coating.
- the water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent of the present invention mainly comprises an alkyd resin prepolymer.
- an alkyd resin prepolymer is first prepared, then mixed with a co-solvent, neutralized with a base, optionally diluted with water, and added with a drier to obtain a water-soluble alkyd resin coating. Agent.
- the alkyd resin prepolymer used in the present invention is preferably composed of a vegetable oil and/or a plant-derived fatty acid, a polyhydric alcohol, at least one acid anhydride selected from the group consisting of a c 4 -c 22 synthetic fatty acid, a c 4 -c 22 synthetic fatty acid, A raw material composition of a component of an aromatic acid or an aromatic acid anhydride is obtained by a copolycondensation reaction.
- the vegetable oil used for preparing the alkyd resin prepolymer is, for example, selected from one or more of a drying oil and a semi-drying oil, and examples thereof include linseed oil, tung oil, dehydrated castor oil, Soybean oil, cottonseed oil, Nasker oil, etc.
- the plant-derived fatty acid is selected, for example.
- fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and the like are derived from fats and oils
- these fatty acids can be obtained in situ by alcoholysis of the corresponding fats and oils.
- the polyol is, for example, selected from one or more of glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and diethylene glycol, preferably glycerol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.
- the c 4 -c 22 synthetic fatty acid and its anhydride are preferably a monobasic or polybasic acid having 4 to 22 , preferably 4 to 12, and an acid anhydride thereof, such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, caproic acid.
- the aromatic acid and its anhydride are preferably selected from the group consisting of an aromatic monobasic acid, an aromatic dibasic acid, an aromatic tribasic acid, and anhydrides thereof, and specific examples thereof include benzoic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, and isophthalic acid.
- an aromatic dibasic acid, a tribasic acid and an anhydride thereof are preferable, and particularly phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid and trimellitic anhydride.
- the aromatic acid and its anhydride may be unsubstituted or one or more selected from C,-C 6 alkyl, dC 6 alkane!
- a substituent of L ⁇ , d-Cs haloalkyl, halogen or nitro is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- the alkyl moiety of the d-Ce alkyl group and the C6 alkane and C,-C 6 haloalkyl group means a saturated straight or branched hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the C,-C 6 haloalkyl group means a straight or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, wherein some or all of these hydrogen atoms may be replaced by the above halogen atom, and examples thereof include a chloromethyl group.
- the C r C 6 alkoxy group means a straight-chain or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which is bonded via an oxygen atom, and examples thereof include a decyloxy group, an ethoxy group, OCH 2 -C 2 H 5 , OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , n-butoxy, OCH(CH 3 )-C 2 H 5 , OCH 2 -CH(CH 3 ) 2 , OC(CH 3 ) 3 , n-pentyl , 1-mercaptobutyl, 2-mercaptobutyl ftj ⁇ , 3-methylbutoxy, 1,1-dimercaptopropyl!
- the copolycondensation reaction in the present invention can be carried out according to a copolycondensation method known to those skilled in the art.
- the copolycondensation reaction temperature is, for example, 100 to 280" €, preferably 140 to 250"C; and the polymerization reaction time is, for example, 1 to 24 hours, preferably 4 to 12 hours.
- the end point of the polymerization reaction and the mass of the resulting alkyd resin are controlled by the acid value of the resin.
- the acid value of the resin refers to the number of grams of KOH (unit: mgKOH/g resin) consumed to neutralize 1 gram of the resin.
- the acid value of the resin is determined by using an equal volume ratio of ethanol and diethyl ether as a mixed solvent.
- the inventors have found through research that the acid value of the obtained alkyd resin prepolymer affects the performance of the polymer as a coating agent in the present invention.
- the polymerization formula is constant, the larger the acid value of the alkyd prepolymer, the better the water solubility, but the higher the hydrophilicity of the formed coating agent, resulting in a shorter controlled release time of the controlled release fertilizer.
- the acid value of the alkyd resin prepolymer used is 10 to 150 mgKOH/g resin, preferably 20 to 120 mgKOH/g resin, more preferably 30 to 80 mgKOH/resin, most preferably 40-. 70 mg KOH / g resin.
- the composition of the raw material composition for the polymerization reaction can be adjusted to a large range as needed, wherein the amount of the vegetable oil and/or plant-derived fatty acid and the molar amount of the hydroxyl group and the several groups in the raw material composition system are The ratio affects the acid value of the prepolymer and the viscosity of the system. The greater the viscosity of the alkyd prepolymer, the more cosolvents are used in the preparation of the coating agent described below.
- the vegetable oil and/or the vegetable-derived fatty acid is used in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight, more preferably 40 to 60% by weight based on the total mass of the raw material composition. /.
- the molar ratio of the hydroxyl group to the carboxyl group in the raw material composition system is preferably from 0.8 to 1.4, more preferably from 0.9 to 1.3.
- the preparation method of the alkyd resin prepolymer may be an alcoholysis method or a fatty acid method, and the main difference between the two is that the former is based on vegetable oil, and the latter is derived from plants.
- the fatty acids of the oil are raw materials.
- the present invention is preferably an alcoholysis process.
- the copolycondensation reaction can be carried out in air or under the protection of an inert gas, preferably in an inert gas, preferably an inert gas.
- the copolycondensation reaction may be carried out in a solvent or in a molten state, preferably a melt copolycondensation process.
- the alcoholysis method used in the present invention can be carried out by an alcoholysis method well known to those skilled in the art.
- a vegetable oil, a polyol and at least one component selected from the group consisting of C 4 -C 22 synthetic fatty acids, C 4 -C 22 synthetic fatty acid anhydrides, aromatic acids, aromatic acid anhydrides are added to the kettle.
- the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 100 to 280", preferably 140 to 250, for 1 to 24 hours, preferably 4 to 12 hours, during which time the water formed in the reaction is removed by a water eliminator. After cooling, an alkyd resin prepolymer is obtained.
- the vegetable oil, the polyol and the dibasic acid (and/or its anhydride) are first charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a nitrogen atmosphere, and the temperature is raised to 160 to 260".
- the reaction is 0.5 6 hours, preferably 200 to 240" for 2 to 4 hours.
- the temperature is lowered to 120 to 200X:, other polybasic acid (and / or its anhydride) is added, and the reaction is kept for at least 0.5 hours, and the water formed in the reaction is removed in time by a water eliminator.
- rosin preferably 3 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the resin is added at a temperature of 130 160, and reacted at this temperature for 5 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 0.5 hours. After cooling, an alkyd prepolymer having a certain acid value is obtained.
- the fatty acid method used in the present invention can be carried out by a fatty acid method well known to those skilled in the art.
- a plant-derived fatty acid, a polyol, and at least one component selected from the group consisting of c 4 -c 22 synthetic fatty acids, c 4 -c 22 synthetic fatty acid anhydrides, aromatic acids, aromatic acid anhydrides It is added to the reaction vessel and reacted at a temperature of 100 to 280", preferably 140 to 250" for 1 to 24 hours, preferably 4 to 12 hours, during which time the water formed in the reaction is removed by a water eliminator. An alkyd resin prepolymer is obtained after cooling.
- the plant-derived fatty acid, polyol and dibasic acid (and/or its anhydride) are first added to a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a nitrogen gas, and the temperature is raised to 160 ⁇ 260 reaction 0.5-6 hours, preferably 200 ⁇ 240 reaction 2-4 hours, and remove the water formed in the reaction with water eliminator, then reduce the temperature to 120 ⁇ 200, add other polyacids (and / or its anhydride), Keep the reaction for at least 0.5 hours, and use the water remover in time. The water formed in the reaction was removed.
- 2 to 20 parts by weight of the total weight of the resin is added when the temperature is lowered to 130 to 160. /.
- the rosin preferably 3 to 10% by weight, is reacted at this temperature for 5 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 0.5 hours. After cooling, an alkyd prepolymer having a certain acid value is obtained.
- the preparation of the water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent of the invention comprises the following steps:
- the co-solvent is added to the alkyd prepolymer at 25-120, preferably 50-100 C, in a suitable ratio, preferably in an amount of co-polymer prepolymer. 2 to 50% by weight, more preferably 5 to 20% by weight.
- the co-solvent is preferably selected from one or more of a low-chain fatty alcohol, a cellosolve, and other water-soluble organic solvents.
- the low-chain fatty alcohol is preferably selected from one or more of a C 2 -C 6 -alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol, such as ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, n-butanol.
- the cellosolve is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of a monoether or a diether of a glycol or a condensed alcohol thereof, such as ethylene glycol monoterpene ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoterpene ether, propylene glycol monoterpene ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoterpene ether, one shrink Propylene glycol monoethyl ether or the like; the other water-soluble organic solvent is preferably selected from one or more of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, pyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane. Low-chain fatty alcohols and cellosolves are preferred.
- the base used for the neutralization is one or more of any of the inorganic bases and organic bases conventionally used for neutralization, and examples thereof include alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, amines and the like, such as sodium hydroxide. , hydrazine hydroxide, ammonia, triethylamine, trimethylamine, triethanolamine, morpholine, preferably ammonia, triethylamine, trimethylamine, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
- the base is preferably used in the form of an aqueous solution.
- the degree of neutralization is such that the pH of the above alkyd prepolymer solution system is between 7 and 8.
- water may be further added to the above neutral system, preferably deionized water and distilled water, and water-soluble alkyd resin prepolymers having different solid contents may be formulated as needed.
- the drier is a drier known to those skilled in the art.
- the drier comprises a primary drier and, if desired, a drier and/or a drier active.
- the primary drier may be used alone or in combination with one or more of a drier and/or a drier active.
- the main drier is, for example, selected from one or more of a cobalt salt and a manganese salt, preferably cobalt naphthenate or manganese naphthenate, in an amount of 0.005 to 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the alkyd resin prepolymer in the system. Preferably, it is 0.03 to 0.2% by weight.
- the drier is, for example, selected from one or more of lead, calcium, zinc, iron, cerium, zirconium salts, preferably naphthenate, in an amount of from 0 to 0.5 by weight of the alkyd prepolymer in the system. % by weight, preferably 0.015% by weight.
- the wicking active agent is referred to as "active agent A" in the present invention and is a mixture of 38% by weight of o-phenanthroline, 22% by weight of ethyl hexanoate and 40% by weight of n-butanol.
- the amount thereof is from 0 to 2.0% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, based on the weight of the alkyd resin prepolymer.
- the water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent has a solid content of 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight, more preferably 15 to 30% by weight.
- the fertilizer core may be any water-soluble fertilizer, for example, a single fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer such as urea, phosphate fertilizer such as ammonium phosphate, potassium fertilizer such as potassium sulfate, compound fertilizer of any ratio of NPK, compound fertilizer , and other water-soluble plant nutrients.
- a single fertilizer such as nitrogen fertilizer such as urea, phosphate fertilizer such as ammonium phosphate, potassium fertilizer such as potassium sulfate, compound fertilizer of any ratio of NPK, compound fertilizer , and other water-soluble plant nutrients.
- the wax used in the present invention is preferably paraffin wax, modified paraffin wax such as chlorinated paraffin, oxidized paraffin wax, sulfonated paraffin wax, chlorosulfonated paraffin wax, grafted paraffin wax, etc., beeswax, petroleum resin, especially waxy petroleum resin, polyethylene wax , microcrystalline wax and one or more of other water-insoluble solid low molecular organic substances such as stearic acid, various vegetable oils, animal oils and the like. They may be liquids or solids having a melting point or softening point of less than 90 X:, preferably less than 80.
- the inorganic powder is one or more selected from the group consisting of talc, diatomaceous earth, montmorillonite, kaolin, calcium carbonate, bentonite, attapulgite and sepiolite powder, preferably Talc powder, diatomaceous earth and calcium carbonate are more preferably micron-sized inorganic powders.
- the particle size of the inorganic powder is preferably less than 20 microns, more preferably less than 10 microns, and most preferably less than 5 microns. Most preferred are talc, diatomaceous earth or calcium carbonate having a particle size of less than 5 microns.
- the method for preparing the water-soluble alkyd resin-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer of the present invention comprises first coating a wax film on the surface of the fertilizer particles in a fluidized bed, and then applying the water-soluble alkyd resin Coating a coating agent onto the surface of the wax film to form a polymer film, preferably spraying the water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent on the surface of the wax film through a two-flow nozzle, and optionally coating the inorganic film on the polymer film
- the powder is formed into a coating process of the inorganic layer.
- the coating process is preferably carried out in a boiling or rotary drum fluidized bed.
- the coating process of the water-soluble alkyd resin-wax composite coated controlled release fertilizer of the present invention can be carried out by a conventional coating method in the art.
- the temperature in the fluidized bed is preferably 30 to 95 °.
- the fertilizer granules are placed in a boiling or rotary fluidized bed and preheated, e.g., preheated to a preferred temperature of 70 to 95.
- the preheated, preferably preheated, wax to 75 ⁇ 85" is preferably sprayed onto the fertilizer through a dual flow nozzle to form a uniform layer on the surface of the fertilizer granule.
- the weight is 0.2 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3 parts by weight based on the total weight of the coated controlled release fertilizer.
- the water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent at room temperature is preferably preheated, for example, preheated up to 801C.
- the water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent is uniformly sprayed onto the wax-coated fertilizer particles through a double-flow nozzle to form a continuous uniform polymer film.
- the amount of the water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent is according to the size and the pair of fertilizer particles.
- the fertilizer nutrient release rate is adjusted by the demand.
- the weight of the polymer film is 5-20% by weight, preferably 7-15% by weight, based on the total weight of the controlled release fertilizer.
- the inorganic powder is sprayed into a fluidized bed of preferably 30 to 95", more preferably 70 to 95*C, to uniformly coat the surface of the fertilizer particles coated with the polymer film to form Inorganic layer
- the amount of the inorganic powder is from 0 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the coated controlled release fertilizer, preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight, more preferably from 1 to 3% by weight.
- the invention is further described in the following by way of examples, which are merely intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the invention.
- the vegetable oils, fatty acids, polyols, polybasic acids, acid anhydrides, driers, waxes and inorganic powders used in the examples are all industrial grade, the base used is a chemically pure reagent, and the water used is deionized water.
- the nutrient release period of controlled release fertilizers was controlled at 25 percent. C is expressed as the number of days required for immersion in still water to reach a cumulative nutrient release rate of 80%.
- the specific measurement method is as follows: The controlled release fertilizer is immersed in water at 25 ° C, and the nutrients in the sample are dissolved into the water through the membrane, according to GB/T 8572. After distillation, the dissolved total nitrogen content was determined by titration. The dissolved phosphorus content was determined by ammonium vanadium molybdate method according to GB/T 8573. The dissolved potassium content was determined by flame photometer according to GB/T 8574. The time required for the dissolved nutrients to reach 80% of the total nutrient mass is the nutrient dry release period of the controlled release fertilizer.
- the above reaction system was cooled.
- 70 g of a mixed solution of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and isopropyl alcohol (the weight ratio of the two was 1:1.5) was added and uniformly mixed to below 50".
- a mixed solution of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and isopropyl alcohol (the weight ratio of the two was 1:1.5) was added and uniformly mixed to below 50".
- the active agent A was uniformly mixed to obtain a water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent.
- the composition of the composite coated controlled-release fertilizer was 88% for urea, 8.8% for polymers, 1.4% for paraffin, and 1.8% for diatomaceous earth.
- the controlled release fertilizer has a shelf life of 132 days.
- Example 2 The same as in Example 1, except that diatomaceous earth was not used.
- the composition of the obtained water-soluble alkyd-wax composite coated controlled-release fertilizer was 89.6 % of urea, 9% of polymer and 1.4% of paraffin.
- the release period of the controlled release fertilizer It is 52 days.
- the above reaction system is cooled.
- 55 g of a mixed solution composed of ethylene glycol diethyl ether and n-butanol (the weight ratio of the two is 1:2) is added and mixed, and the temperature is lowered to 50 or less.
- the system was adjusted to a pH of 7-8 with 15% by weight aqueous ammonia and then diluted with deionized water to a solids content of 25% by weight.
- 2 g of cobalt naphthenate, 1.2 g of zirconium naphthenate and 1.5 g of active agent A were separately added, and uniformly mixed to obtain a water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent.
- the composition of the composite coated controlled release fertilizer was 85.8 % of urea, 10.7% of polymer, 1.8% of paraffin and 1.7% of talc.
- the controlled release fertilizer has a feeding period of 160 days.
- Example 3 Same as Example 3, except that the large-grain urea in Example 3 was replaced with a compound fertilizer of 2 ⁇ 4 mm (the compound fertilizer was from Shandong Jinzhengda Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd., with the weight of NP 2 0 5 -K 2 0 % count: 15-15-15). Based on the dry matter weight, the composition of the composite coated controlled release fertilizer was 85.8 %, the polymer accounted for 10.7%, the paraffin accounted for 1.8%, and the talcum powder Accounted for 1.7%. The nutrient release period of the controlled release fertilizer was 198 days.
- the composition of the composite coated controlled-release fertilizer was 86.1% for potassium sulfate, 9.6% for polymers, 2.2% for beeswax and 2.1% for calcium carbonate.
- the controlled release fertilizer has a shelf life of about 145 days.
- the above reaction system was cooled while the temperature was lowered to 50.
- 70 g of a mixed solution of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and isopropyl alcohol (the weight ratio of the two is 1:2) was added and mixed, and the temperature was lowered to 50.
- the system is first adjusted to a pH of 7-8 with triethylamine and then diluted with deionized water to a solids content of 20% by weight.
- 1.5 g of cobalt naphthenate, 1.5 g of zirconium naphthenate and 2 g of the active agent A were separately added, and uniformly mixed to obtain a water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent.
- the composition of the composite coated controlled release fertilizer was 88.8 % of potassium sulfate, 7.1% of polymer, 1.8% of petroleum resin and 2.3% of talc.
- the nutrient release period of the controlled release fertilizer was 108 days.
- the above reaction system was cooled, and when the temperature was lowered to 50 X, 60 g of a mixed solution of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and isopropyl alcohol (the weight ratio of the two was 1:2) was added and uniformly mixed, and the temperature was lowered to Hereinafter, the system was first adjusted with triethylamine to a pH of 7-8, and then diluted with deionized water to a solid content of 20% by weight. Finally, 2 g of cobalt naphthenate and 2.5 g of the active agent A were separately added, and the mixture was uniformly mixed to obtain a water-soluble alkyd resin coating agent.
- the composition of the composite coated controlled release fertilizer was 87.7 %, the polymer accounted for 8.8%, the paraffin accounted for 1.8%, and the diatomaceous earth accounted for 1.7%.
- the controlled release fertilizer has a feeding period of 140 days.
- Example 2 The same as in Example 1, except that the paraffin was sprayed on the surface of the large particle urea without using paraffin, and then the diatomaceous earth was sprayed onto the surface of the fertilizer.
- the composition of the water-soluble alkyd resin controlled release fertilizer obtained was 89.3 % of urea, 8.9% of polymer and 1.8% of diatomaceous earth.
- the controlled release fertilizer has a feeding period of 35 days.
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Description
水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种包膜控释肥料, 更具体地, 涉及一种水溶性醇酸树脂- 蜡复合包膜控释肥料及其制备方法, 属于材料和肥料技术领域。 背景技术
如何提高化肥利用率一直是近年来肥料和植物营养学科研究的热点, 也是农业可持续 中亟待解决的关键问题之一。 研究开发高效环保的緩 控释肥料是解决这一问题的有效途径。
商品化的控释肥料有多种类型, 其中聚合物包膜控释肥料因其优良的 养分控制释放性能而在世界范围内受到了广泛关注,并得到了很好的应用。 根据包膜剂的性质不同, 聚合物包膜控释肥料可分为热固性树脂包膜控释 肥料和热塑性树脂包膜控释肥料两大类。 对于热固性树脂包膜控释肥料而 言, 聚合物包膜剂价格昂贵, 制造工艺复杂, 因而生产的肥料成本过高, 难以在大田作物上推广应用; 对于热塑性树脂包膜控释肥料, 除了聚合物 包膜剂价格依然较高外, 在肥料生产过程中必须首先使用大量有机溶剂来 溶解聚合物, 然后将聚合物的稀溶液喷涂在肥料颗粒表面, 最后通过溶剂 的挥发而在肥料颗粒表面形成一层聚合物膜, 这不仅造成了能源和资源的 浪费, 而且对人身健康和环境造成了危害。 另外, 上述两种聚合物包膜控 释肥料在肥料养分释放完后, 聚合物残膜在土壤中不易降解, 长期使用会 对土壤造成一定的污染。
近年来也有利用水溶性聚合物作为包膜剂制备聚合物包膜控释肥料的 报道(例如见 CN1473806A, ZL02126009.5, CN1939878A ) , 这种技术 部分地克服了上述缺点, 具有成本低和有机溶剂污染小的优点。 但目前这 类技术存在的一些问题也限制了它的进一步发展: 首先生产过程中水对肥 料的溶解往往会使形成的聚合物膜不够致密, 从而导致肥料产品控释性能 的降低; 另外这类成膜剂中的聚合物多为热塑性合成树脂, 肥料养分释放 后聚合物残膜在土壤中很难降解。
水溶性聚合物包膜控释肥料制备生产工艺及设备简单, 易于实现产业 化, 同时生产过程中环境污染小, 节约资源和能源, 符合经济和环保的发 展方向。为了充分发挥水性聚合物包膜控释肥料绿色环保和低成本的优势, 需要克服水溶性聚合物包膜剂存在的包膜剂本身对肥料的溶解和聚合物膜 不易降解的缺陷。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种环境友好的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控 释肥料, 大大降低传统聚合物包膜剂因大量使用有机溶剂对环境造成的危 害, 并有效地阻止水溶性聚合物包膜过程中水分对肥料的溶解, 大幅度降 低聚合物包膜剂的成本, 同时形成的聚合物膜可以生物降解。
该目的通过一种水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料而实现,该控释 肥料由肥料芯和肥料芯外面的包膜组成, 其特征在于所述包膜包含蜡膜、 蜡膜外含水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂的聚合物膜以及任选地在聚合物膜外含无 机粉体的无机层。
本发明还提供一种制备上述水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料的 方法, 该方法包括首先在肥料颗粒表面涂覆蜡形成蜡膜, 然后将所述水溶 性醇酸树脂包膜剂包覆到所述蜡膜表面形成聚合物膜, 以及任选地在聚合 物膜上包覆无机粉体以形成无机层的包膜过程。
本发明水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料由于在水溶性醇酸树脂 包膜剂包覆之前, 肥料颗粒表面已经被蜡疏水层所覆盖, 因此有效地阻止 了水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂包膜过程中水分对肥料的溶解 , 消除了传统水溶 性聚合物包膜剂给膜层带来的缺陷, 使肥料产品具有更好的控释性能。
在本发明包膜控幹肥料中, 由于所用的水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂以水为 介质, 大大减少了使用溶剂型聚合物包膜剂的缺点。与其他合成树脂相比, 本发明中的醇酸树脂其主要原料来自于自然界可再生的植物油, 它对石油 的依赖度低, 成本低廉; 同时聚合物链上的植物油和脂肪酸片段还赋予聚 合物膜以生物可降解性能; 由于制备过程是从小分子原料出发, 可以通过 调整聚合配方及工艺来调整成膜聚合物的组成和结构, 以达到精准调控产
品肥料养分幹放的目的。 同时由于聚合物包膜材料中含有能与水分子发生 締合作用的官能团, 因此该类材料还兼有一定的保水性能。
另外, 在本发明进一步优选的实施方案中, 本发明水溶性醇酸树脂- 蜡复合包膜控释肥料还包含含无机粉体的最外层。 在该优选实施方案中, 含无机粉体的无机层作为最外层不仅可以防粘和抗磨, 也部分地起到调节 养分释放的作用。
本发明的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料除具有低成本、抗冲击 抗磨损和优良的控释性能外, 还具有生产过程污染小、 使用过程无毒无污 染以及养分释放后土壤中的聚合物残膜可以生物降解等优点。 附图说明
图 1是根据本发明制备的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料的剖面 结构示意图。本发明水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料颗粒由内向外依 次是肥料芯、 蜡膜层、 聚合物膜层。 具体实施方式
本发明制备水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料的过程包括水溶性 醇酸树脂包膜剂的制备和肥料包膜两部分。 本发明水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂 以醇酸树脂预聚体为主要原料。 在本发明的具体实施方案中, 首先制备出 醇酸树脂预聚体, 然后与助溶剂混合, 用碱中和, 任选地用水稀释, 以及 加入催干剂而得到水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂。
(1) 制备醇酸树脂预聚体
本发明中所用的醇酸树脂预聚体优选由包含植物油和 /或来源于植物 的脂肪酸, 多元醇, 至少一种选自 c4-c22合成脂肪酸、 c4-c22合成脂肪酸 的酸酐、 芳香酸、 芳香酸的酸酐的组分的原料组合物通过共缩聚反应而得 到。
在本发明的优选实施方案中, 制备醇酸树脂预聚体所用的植物油例如 选自干性油和半干性油中的一种或多种, 其实例包括亚麻油、 桐油、 脱水 蓖麻油、 豆油、 棉籽油、 纳斯克尔油等。 所述来源于植物的脂肪酸例如选
自油酸、 亚油酸、 亚麻酸、 妥尔油、 松香中的一种或多种。 由于有些脂肪 酸如油酸、 亚油酸、 亚麻酸等是从油脂得来的, 因此在实际操作中, 这些 脂肪酸可以通过相应油脂的醇解而就地得到。 所述多元醇例如选自甘油、 三羟甲基丙烷、 季戊四醇、 山梨醇和二甘醇中的一种或多种, 优选甘油、 三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇。 所述 c4-c22合成脂肪酸及其酸酐优选碳原子数 为 4-22, 优选 4-12的一元酸或多元酸及其酸酐, 例如马来酸、 马来酸酐、 富马酸、 己酸、 癸酸、 己二酸、 癸二酸, 更优选 C4-C22二元酸及其酸酐, 尤其是己二酸、 癸二酸及其酸酐。 所述芳香酸及其酸酐优选选自芳族一元 酸、 芳族二元酸、 芳族三元酸及其酸酐, 具体实例包括苯甲酸、 邻苯二甲 酸、 邻苯二甲酸酐、 间苯二曱酸、 偏苯三酸、 偏苯三酸酐等, 优选芳族二 元酸、 三元酸及其酸酐, 尤其是邻苯二甲酸酐、 间苯二曱酸、 偏苯三酸和 偏苯三酸酐。 所述芳香酸及其酸酐可以是未取代的, 或被一个或多个选自 C,-C6烷基、 d-C6烷! L^、 d-Cs卤代烷基、 卤素、 硝基的取代基取代。 所述卤或卤素选自为氟、 氯、 溴和碘。 所述 d-Ce烷基以及 C6烷 和 C,-C6卤代烷基的烷基结构部分是指具有 1-6个^ ^子,尤其是 1-4个碳 原子的饱和直链或支化烃基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 1-甲基乙基、 丁基、 1-甲基丙基、 2-甲基丙基、 1,1-二甲基乙基、 戊基、 1-甲基丁基、 2-甲基丁 基、 3-甲基丁基、 2,2-二曱基丙基、 1-乙基丙基、 己基、 1,1-二甲基丙基、 1,2-二甲基丙基、 1-曱基戊基、 2-甲基戊基、 3-甲基戊基、 4-甲基戊基、 1,1- 二甲基丁基、 1,2-二曱基丁基、 1,3-二曱基丁基、 2,2-二曱基丁基、 2,3-二曱 基丁基、 3,3-二曱基丁基、 1-乙基丁基、 2-乙基丁基、 1,1,2-三曱基丙基、 1,2,2- 三甲基丙基、 1-乙基 -1-曱基丙基、 1-乙基 -2-甲基丙基。 所述 C,-C6卤代烷 基指具有 1-6个碳原子的直链或支化饱和烃基, 其中这些基团中的一些或 所有氢原子可以被上述卤原子替换, 其实例包括氯甲基、 溴甲基、 二氯甲 基、 三氯甲基、 氟甲基、 二氟甲基、 三氟甲基、 氯氟曱基、 二氯氟甲基、 氯二氟甲基、 1-氯乙基、 1-淡乙基、 1-氟乙基、 2-氟乙基、 2,2-二氟乙基、 2,2,2-三氟乙基、 2-氯 -2-氟乙基、 2-氯 -2,2-二氟乙基、 2,2-二氯 -2-氟乙基、 2,2,2-三氯乙基、 五氟乙基等。 所述 CrC6烷氧基指经由氧原子连接的具有 1-6 个碳原子的直链或支化饱和烃基, 其实例包括曱氧基、 乙氧基、
OCH2-C2H5、 OCH(CH3)2、正丁氧基、 OCH(CH3)-C2H5、 OCH2-CH(CH3)2、 OC(CH3)3、 正戊 、 1-曱基丁 、 2-曱基丁 ftj^、 3-甲基丁氧基、 1,1- 二曱基丙!^、 1,2-二甲基丙 、 2,2-二甲基-丙 |L&、 1-乙基丙 #L^、 正 己氧基、 1-甲基戊 、 2-曱基戊 、 3-甲基戊 |L&、 4-甲基戊 ftj^、 1,1-二 曱基丁氧基、 1,2-二甲基丁氧基、 1,3-二曱基丁氧基、 2,2-二甲基丁氧基、 2,3-二曱基丁氧基、 3,3-二曱基丁氧基、 1-乙基丁氧基、 2-乙基丁氧基、 1,1,2-三曱基丙 |L^、 1,2,2-三甲基丙 ft^、 1-乙基 -1-甲基丙氧基、 1-乙基 -2- 甲基丙氧基等。
本发明中的共缩聚反应可以按照本领域技术人员已知的共缩聚方法来 进行。共缩聚反应温度例如为 100~280"€, 优选为 140~250"C; 聚合反应时 间例如为 1〜24小时, 优选为 4〜12小时。 聚合反应终点和所得醇酸树脂的 质量通过树脂的酸值来控制。树脂的酸值是指中和 1克树脂所消耗的 KOH 的亳克数(单位是 mgKOH/g树脂) 。 本发明按照 GB/T2895-1982标准, 以等体积比的乙醇和乙醚为混合溶剂来测定树脂的酸值。 本发明人经研究 发现, 所得醇酸树脂预聚体的酸值影响该聚合物在本发明中用作包膜剂的 性能。 在聚合配方一定时, 醇酸树脂预聚体的酸值越大, 其水溶性越好, 但所形成的包膜剂亲水性也越高, 从而导致控释肥料的控释时间变短。 在 本发明中, 有利的是, 所用醇酸树脂预聚体的酸值为 10〜150 mgKOH/g树 脂, 优选 20~120 mgKOH/g树脂, 更优选 30~80 mgKOH/ 树脂, 最优选 40-70 mgKOH/g树脂。
在本发明中, 用于聚合反应的原料组合物的组成可以根据需要在较大 的范围内调节, 其中植物油和 /或来源于植物的脂肪酸的用量和原料组合物 体系中羟基与幾基的摩尔比影响预聚体的酸值以及体系的粘度。 醇酸树脂 预聚体的粘度越大, 在下述包膜剂制备过程中所用助溶剂越多。 优选地, 植物油和 /或来源于植物的脂肪酸的用量占原料组合物总重量的 30~70重量 %, 更优选 40~60重量。 /。; 原料组合物体系中羟基与羧基的摩尔比优选为 0.8-1.4, 更优选 0.9~1.3。
在本发明中, 所述醇酸树脂预聚体的制备方法可以为醇解法或脂肪酸 法, 二者的主要区别在于前者是以植物油为原料, 而、后者是以来源于植物
油的脂肪酸为原料。 本发明优选醇解法。 共缩聚反应可以在空气中或在惰 性气体保护下进行, 优选在惰性气体中, 惰性气体优选为氮气。 共缩聚反 应可以在溶剂中进行, 也可以在熔融状态下进行, 优选熔融共缩聚工艺。
(A) 醇解法
本发明中所用的醇解法可以本领域技术人员所熟知的醇解法进行。 在 优选的实施方案中,将植物油,多元醇和至少一种选自 C4-C22合成脂肪酸、 C4-C22合成脂肪酸的酸酐、 芳香酸、 芳香酸的酸酐的组分加入反应釜中, 在 100〜280" , 优选 140〜250 的温度下反应 1〜24小时, 优选 4〜12小时, 期间用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水。 降温后得到醇酸树脂预聚体。
在进一步优选的实施方案中, 首先将植物油、 多元醇和二元酸(和 / 或其酸酐)加入装有搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保护的反应釜 中, 升温到 160~260"€反应 0.5 6小时, 优选 200~240" 反应 2~4小时。 然 后降温到 120〜200X:, 加入其他多元酸(和 /或其酸酐), 保温反应至少 0.5 小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水。 任选地, 在降温到 130 160 时加入树脂总重量的 2~20重量%的松香, 优选 3~10重量%, 并在此温 度下反应 5分钟到 2小时, 优选 10分钟到 0.5小时。 降温后得到具有一定 酸值的醇酸树脂预聚体。
(B) 脂肪酸法
本发明中所用的脂肪酸法可以本领域技术人员所熟知的脂肪酸法进 行。 在优选的实施方案中, 首先将来源于植物的脂肪酸, 多元醇和至少一 种选自 c4-c22合成脂肪酸、 c4-c22合成脂肪酸的酸酐、 芳香酸、 芳香酸的 酸酐的组分加入反应釜中, 在 100〜280" , 优选 140〜250" 的温度下反应 1~24小时, 优选 4~12小时, 期间用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水。 降 温后得到醇酸树脂预聚体。
在进一步优选的制备方法中, 首先将来源于植物的脂肪酸、 多元醇和 二元酸(和 /或其酸酐)加入装有搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保 护的反应釜中,升温到 160~260 反应 0.5-6小时,优选 200~240 反应 2-4 小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水, 然后降温到 120~200 , 加 入其他多元酸(和 /或其酸酐) , 保温反应至少 0.5小时, 并用除水器及时
除去反应中生成的水。 任选地, 在降温到 130〜160 时加入树脂总重量的 2~20重量。 /。的松香, 优选 3~10重量%, 并在此温度下反应 5分钟到 2小 时,优选 10分钟到 0.5小时。降温后得到具有一定酸值的醇酸树脂预聚体。
(2) 制备水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂
本发明水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂的制备包括如下步骤:
将醇酸树脂预聚体与助溶剂混合,
用碱中和,
任选地用水稀释, 以及
加入催干剂。
在优选的实施方案中, 按照适当的比例将助溶剂在搅拌下加入到处于 25-120 优选 50~100 C的醇酸树脂预聚体中, 优选助溶剂用量为醇酸树 脂预聚体重量的 2~50重量%, 更优选 5-20重量%。
在本发明中, 所述助溶剂优选选自低链脂肪醇类、 溶纤剂类和其他水 溶性有机溶剂中的一种或多种。 所述的低链脂肪醇类优选选自 C2-C6—元 醇或多元醇中的一种或多种, 例如乙醇、 正丙醇、 异丙醇、 乙二醇、 丙二 醇、 正丁醇、 仲丁醇等; 所述溶纤剂类优选选自二元醇或其缩醇的单醚或 二醚中的一种或多种, 例如乙二醇单曱醚、 乙二醇单乙醚、 乙二醇单丁醚、 乙二醇二甲醚、 乙二醇二乙醚、 一缩二乙二醇单曱醚、 丙二醇单曱醚、 丙 二醇单乙醚、 一缩二丙二醇单曱醚、 一缩二丙二醇单乙醚等; 其他水溶性 有机溶剂优选选自丙酮、 丁酮、 吡咯烷酮、 四氢呋喃、 二氧六环中的一种 或多种。 优选低链脂肪醇类和溶纤剂类。
用于中和的碱是任何常规用于中和的无机碱和有机碱中的一种或多 种, 其实例包括碱金属氢氧化物, 碱土金属氢氧化物, 胺类等, 如氢氧化 钠、 氢氧化钟、 氨水、 三乙胺、 三甲胺、 三乙醇胺、 吗啉, 优选氨水、 三 乙胺、 三甲胺、 氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾。 所述碱优选以水溶液的形式使用。 中和的程度使上述醇酸树脂预聚体溶液体系 pH值在 7-8之间。
如果需要的话, 可以向上述中性体系中进一步加入水, 优选去离子水 和蒸餾水, 根据需要配制成不同固含量的水溶性醇酸树脂预聚体。
在室温下向上述中和后的醇酸树脂预聚体体系中加入催干剂, 搅拌混
合均匀后得到水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂。 所述催干剂为本领域技术人员所熟 知的催干剂。 所述催干剂包括主催干剂以及如果需要的话助催干剂和 /或催 干活性剂。 其中主催干剂可以单独使用, 也可以与助催干剂和 /或催干活性 剂中的一种或多种复合使用。 所述主催干剂例如选自钴盐和锰盐中的一种 或多种, 优选环烷酸钴、 环烷酸锰, 其用量占体系中醇酸树脂预聚体重量 的 0.005~0.5重量%,优选 0.03~0.2重量%。所述助催干剂例如选自铅、钙、 锌、 铁、 钡、 锆盐的一种或多种, 优选环烷酸盐, 其用量占体系中醇酸树 脂预聚体重量的 0〜0.5重量%, 优选 0.01 5重量%。 所述催干活性剂在 本发明中被称为 "活性剂 A" , 它是由 38重量%的 o -二氮杂菲、 22重量 %己酸乙酯和 40重量%的正丁醇混合而成,其用量占醇酸树脂预聚体重量 的 0~2.0重量%, 优选 0.05~1.0重量%, 更优选 0.1~0.8重量%。
在本发明中, 水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂的固含量为 5~60 重量%, 优选 10~40重量%, 更优选 15〜30重量%。
(3)肥料包膜配方和工艺
对本发明而言,肥料芯可以是任何水溶性肥料,例如可以是单一肥料, 例如氮肥如尿素、 磷肥如磷酸铵、 钾肥如硫酸钾, 也可以是任意氮磷钾比 例的复合肥料、 复混肥料, 以及其他水溶性植物营养成分。
在本发明中所用的蜡优选是石蜡, 改性石蜡如氯化石蜡、 氧化石蜡、 磺化石蜡、 氯磺化石蜡、 接枝石蜡等, 蜂蜡, 石油树脂尤其是蜡质石油树 脂, 聚乙烯蜡, 微晶蜡以及其他非水溶性固体低分子有机物如硬脂酸、 各 种植物油、 动物油等中的一种或几种。 它们可以是液体, 也可以是固体, 其熔点或软化点要低于 90 X:, 优选低于 80 。
在本发明的优选实施方案中, 所述无机粉体选自滑石粉、 硅藻土、 蒙 脱土、 高岭土、 碳酸钙、 膨润土、 凹凸棒土和海泡石粉中的一种或多种, 优选滑石粉、 硅藻土和碳酸钙, 更优选微米级无机粉体。 无机粉体的粒径 优选小于 20微米, 更优选小于 10微米, 最优选小于 5微米。 最优选粒径 小于 5微米的滑石粉、 硅藻土或碳酸钙。
制备本发明水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料的方法包括在流化 床中, 首先在肥料颗粒表面涂覆蜡形成蜡膜, 然后将所述水溶性醇酸树脂
包膜剂包覆到所述蜡膜表面形成聚合物膜, 优选地将所述水溶性醇酸树脂 包膜剂通过双流喷嘴喷涂在蜡膜表面, 以及任选地在聚合物膜上包覆无机 粉体以形成无机层的包膜过程。 所述包膜过程优选在沸腾式或转鼓式流化 床中进行。
本发明水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料的包膜过程可以本领域 的常规包膜方式进行。 流化床内温度优选为 30~95 ° 。
在进一步优选的实施方案中, 将肥料颗粒放入沸腾式或转鼓式流化床 中, 将其预热, 例如预热到优选温度为 70~95 。 然后将预热的, 优选预 热到 75〜85" 的蜡, 优选通过双流喷嘴喷涂在肥料上, 在肥料颗粒表面形 成一层均匀的 。 肥料颗粒越小, 蜡的使用量越大, 通常蜡重量占包膜 控释肥料总重量的 0.2~5重量%,优选 0.5~3重量。 /。。然后将室温下的水溶 性醇酸树脂包膜剂, 优选预热的, 例如预热到至多 801C的水溶性醇酸树脂 包膜剂通过双流喷嘴均匀喷涂到涂了蜡的肥料颗粒上, 形成一层连续均匀 的聚合物膜。 水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂的用量根据肥料颗粒的大小和对肥料 养分释放速率的需求来调节, 一般按干物质重量计算, 聚合物膜的重量占 控释肥料总重量的 5~20重量%, 优选 7~15重量%。
如果需要的话,将无机粉体喷撒到优选为 30~95" ,更优选 70~95*C的 流化床内, 使其均匀地包覆在已包覆聚合物膜的肥料颗粒表面, 形成无机 层。 通常无机粉体用量占包膜控释肥料总重量的 0~10重量。 /。, 优选 0.5〜5 重量%, 更优选 1~3重量%。 实施例
以下通过实施例进一步详细描述本发明, 所述实施例仅在于说明本发 明而决不限制本发明。 实施例中所用的植物油、 脂肪酸、 多元醇、 多元酸、 酸酐、 催干剂、 蜡和无机粉体均为工业级, 所用碱为化学纯试剂, 所用水 为去离子水。
控释肥料的养分释放期用控释养分在 25。C静水中浸提开始至达到 80%的累积养分释放率所需的天数来表示。 具体测定方法如下: 用 25'C的 水静置浸泡控释肥料, 试料中的养分通过膜溶出到水中, 按 GB/T 8572用
蒸馏后滴定法测定溶出的总氮含量, 按 GB/T 8573用钒钼酸铵^色法测定 溶出的磷含量, 按 GB/T 8574用火焰光度计法测定溶出的钾含量。 溶出养 分达到该养分总质量的 80%时所需的时间即为控释肥料的养分幹放期。 实施例 1
(1) 制备水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂
将 480克亚麻油、 236克三羟曱基丙烷和 166克间苯二曱酸加入装有 搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保护的反应釜中, 升温到 235。C反 应 3.5小时, 然后降温到 175。C , 加入 73克偏苯三酸酐, 在此温度下反应 约 3 小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水, 当体系的酸值达到 62 mgKOH/g树脂时, 降低体系温度到 150°C , 加入 49克松香反应 20分钟。
将上述反应体系降温, 当温度降低到 70 时加入 70克由乙二醇单丁 醚和异丙醇组成的混合溶液(二者的重量比为 1:1.5 )并混合均匀, 降到 50 " 以下, 先用 15重量%的氨水调节体系到 PH为 7-8, 然后用去离子水稀 释到固含量为 25重量%。 最后分别加入 2.5克环烷酸钴、 2.2克环烷酸锆 和 1克活性剂 A, 混合均匀, 得到水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂。
(2)肥料包膜配方和工艺
将 5公斤粒径为 3~4亳米的大颗粒尿素(来自山东明水化工有限公司, 以 N重量%计为 46.4 )装入沸腾式流化床内并加热到约 90* 。 将 80克熔 点约为 62 "C的石蜡熔化并预热到 80 ,然后通过一双流喷嘴将其喷涂到尿 素颗粒上。 15分钟以后,再将已预热到约 的 2公斤上述包膜剂从另一 双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料表面,喷涂速率为每分钟 50克。最后将 100克平均粒 径为 3微米的硅藻土均匀喷撒到温度为 80 X左右的肥料表面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得复合包膜控释肥料的组成为尿素占 88%, 聚 合物占 8.8%, 石蜡占 1.4%, 硅藻土占 1.8%。 该控释肥料的养^ 放期为 132天。
实施例 2
同实施例 1, 不同之处在于不使用硅藻土。
以干物质重量计算,所得水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料的组成 为尿素占 89.6 %, 聚合物占 9%, 石蜡占 1.4%。 该控释肥料的养^ 放期
为 52天。
实施例 3
(1) 制备水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂
将 180克亚麻油、 220克脱水蓖麻油、 223克三羟曱基丙烷和 148克邻 苯二曱酸酐加入装有搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保护的反应釜 中, 升温到 225。C反应 2.5小时。 然后降温到 170。C, 加入 64克偏苯三酸, 在此温度下反应约 3.5小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水, 当体 系的酸值达到 56 mgKOH/g树脂时, 降温到 160°C , 加入 60克松香反应 15分钟。
将上述反应体系降温 , 当温度降低到 60 时加入 55克由乙二醇二乙 醚和正丁醇组成的混合溶液(二者的重量比为 1:2 )并混合均勾, 降到 50 以下, 先用 15重量%的氨水调节体系到 PH为 7-8, 然后用去离子水稀 释到固含量为 25重量%。 最后分别加入 2克环烷酸钴、 1.2克环烷酸锆和 1.5克活性剂 A, 混合均匀后得到水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂。
(2) 肥料包膜配方和工艺
将 5公斤粒径为 3~4亳米的大颗粒尿素(来自山东明水化工有限公司, 以 N重量%计为 46.4 )装入沸腾式流化床内, 加热到约 90"€。 将 100克熔 点约为 54 X的石蜡熔化并预热到 80 X:,然后通过一双流喷嘴将其喷涂到尿 素颗粒上。 15分钟以后, 再将已预热到 80Ό的 2.5公斤上述包膜剂从另一 双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料表面,喷涂速率为每分钟 60克。最后将 100克平均粒 径为 3微米的滑石粉均匀喷撒到温度在 80 左右的肥料表面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得复合包膜控释肥料的组成为尿素占 85.8 %, 聚合物占 10.7%, 石蜡占 1.8%, 滑石粉占 1.7%。 该控释肥料的养^ 放 期为 160天。
实施例 4
同实施例 3, 不同之处在于将实施例 3中大颗粒尿素用 2~4毫米的复 合肥来代替(复合肥来自山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司, 以 N-P205-K20重量%计: 15-15-15)。 以干物质重量计算, 所得复合包膜控释 肥料的组成为复合肥占 85.8 %, 聚合物占 10.7%, 石蜡占 1.8%, 滑石粉
占 1.7%。 该控释肥料的养分释放期为 198天。
实施例 5
(1) 制备水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂
将 221克亚麻油、 221克桐油、 215克三羟甲基丙烷、 74克邻苯二甲 酸肝和 83克间苯二曱酸加入装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、温度计和有氮气保 护的反应釜中, 升温到 240°C反应 2.5小时。 然后降温到 180。C, 加入 49 克偏苯三酸, 在此温度下反应约 3小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成 的水, 当体系的酸值达到 46 mgKOH/g树脂时, 降温到 155。C, 加入 52克 松香反应 20分钟。
将上述反应体系降温, 当温度降低到 60 时加入 90克异丙醇并混合 均匀。 降温到 50* 以下, 先用浓度为 15重量%的氨水调节体系到 PH为 7-8,然后用去离子水稀释到固含量为 20重責%。最后分别加入 1.8克环烷 酸钴和 2.5克活性剂 A, 混合均匀后得到水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂。
(2)肥料包膜配方和工艺
将 5公斤粒径为 3~5毫米的硫酸钾(来自山东金正大生态工程股份有 限公司产, 以 K20重量%计为 50 )装入沸腾式流化床内, 预热到约 85°C。 将 100克熔点约为 63 °C的蜂蜡熔化并预热到 75°C,然后通过一双流喷嘴将 其喷涂到硫酸钟颗粒上。 15分钟以后, 再将已预热到 75。C的 2.8公斤上述 包膜剂从另一双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料表面,喷涂速率为每分钟 70克。最后将 120克平均粒径为 3.5微米的碳酸钙均匀喷撒到温度在 80 'C左右的肥料表 面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得复合包膜控释肥料的组成为硫酸钾占 86.1 %, 聚合物占 9.6%, 蜂蜡占 2.2%, 碳酸钙占 2.1%。 该控释肥料的养^ 放期约为 145天。
实施例 6
(1) 制备水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂
将 290克桐油、 135克豆油、 112克三羟甲基丙烷、 70克季戊四醇和 166 克间苯二甲酸加入装有搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保护的 反应釜中, 升温到 230°C反应 3小时。 然后降温到 180°C, 加入 49克偏苯
三酸酐,在此温度下反应约 3小时,并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水, 当体系的酸值达到 48 mgKOH/g树脂时, 降温到 155。C,加入 52克松香反 应 20分钟。
将上述反应体系降温, 当温度降低到 50。C时加入 70克由乙二醇单乙 醚和异丙醇组成的混合溶液(二者的重量比为 1:2 ) 并混合均 , 降温到 50。C以下,先用三乙胺调节体系到 PH为 7-8, 然后用去离子水稀释到固含 量为 20重量%。 最后分别加入 1.5克环烷酸钴、 1.5克环烷酸锆和 2克活 性剂 A, 混合均匀后得到水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂。
(2)肥料包膜配方和工艺
将 5公斤粒径为 3~5毫米的硫酸钾(来自山东金正大生态工程股份有 限公司产,以 K20重量%计为 50 沸腾式流化床内,预加热到约 90。C。 将 100克软化点约为 58°C的石油树脂熔化并预热到 85。C,然后通过一双流 喷嘴将其喷涂到硫酸钟颗粒上。 15分钟以后,再将已预热到 75'C的 2公斤 上述包膜剂从另一双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料表面,喷涂速率为每分钟 60克。最 表面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得复合包膜控释肥料的组成为硫酸钾占 88.8 %, 聚合物占 7.1%, 石油树脂占 1.8%, 滑石粉占 2.3%。 该控释肥料的养 分释放期为 108天。
实施例 7
(1) 制备水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂
将 83克间苯二甲酸、 74克邻苯二甲酸酐、 378克亚油酸和 275克三 羟甲基丙烷加入装有搅拌器、 回流冷凝器、 温度计和有氮气保护的反应釜 中, 升温到 240 °C反应 3.5小时, 并用除水器及时除去反应中生成的水, 然 后降温到 185°C, 加入 69克偏苯三酸酐, 保温反应并用除水器及时除去反 应中生成的水, 约 4小时后体系的酸值达到 57 mgKOH/g树脂。 降温到 150 °C时加入 30克松香反应 25分钟。
将上述反应体系降温, 当温度降低到 50 X时加入 60克由乙二醇单丁 醚和异丙醇组成的混合溶液(二者的重量比为 1:2 )并混合均匀, 降温到
以下,先用三乙胺调节体系到 PH为 7-8, 然后用去离子水稀释到固含 量为 20重量%。 最后分别加入 2克环烷酸钴和 2.5克活性剂 A, 混合均匀 后得到水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂。
(2)肥料包膜配方和工艺
将 5公斤粒径为 2~4毫米的复合肥(来自山东金正大生态工程股份有 限公司, 以 N-P205-K20重量%计: 15-15-15 ) 沸腾式流化床内, 预热 到约 90°C。 将 100克熔点约为 62°C的石蜡熔化并预热到 80。C, 然后通过 一双流喷嘴将其喷涂到复合肥颗粒上。 15分钟以后,再将已预热到约 75°C 的 2.5公斤上述包膜剂从另一双流喷嘴喷涂到肥料表面, 喷涂速率为每分 钟 60克。最后将 100克平均粒径为 3微米的硅藻土均匀喷撒到温度在 80 °C 左右的肥料表面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得复合包膜控释肥料的组成为复合肥占 87.7 %, 聚合物占 8.8%, 石蜡占 1.8%, 硅藻土占 1.7%。 该控释肥料的养^ 放期为 140天。
比较例 1
同实施例 1, 不同之处在于在包膜时不使用石蜡, 直接将包膜剂喷涂 到大颗粒尿素表面, 然后再将硅藻土喷撒到肥料表面。
以干物质重量计算, 所得水溶性醇酸树脂包膜控释肥料的组成为尿素 占 89.3 %, 聚合物占 8.9%, 硅藻土占 1.8%。 该控释肥料的养^ 放期为 35天。
Claims
1. 一种水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料,其由肥料芯和肥料芯外 面的包膜组成, 其特征在于所述包膜包含蜡膜、 该蜡膜外含水溶性醇酸树 脂包膜剂的聚合物膜以及任选地在聚合物膜外含无机粉体的无机层。
2.根据权利要求 1的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料,其特征在 于所述蜡选自熔点或软化点低乎 90 X的石蜡, 改性石蜡,蜂蜡,石油树脂, 聚乙烯蜡, 微晶蜡以及其他非水溶性固体低分子有机物中的一种或几种, 优选地所述蜡占包膜控释肥料总重量的 0.2~5重量%,更优选 0.5〜3重量%。
3.根据权利要求 1的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料,其特征在 于按干物质重量计算,聚合物膜占控释肥料总重量的 5~20%,优选 7~15 %。
4.根据权利要求 1的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料,其特征在 于无机粉体占控释肥料总重量的 0〜10重量%, 优选 0.5~5重量%, 更优选 1-3重量%。
5.根据权利要求 1-4 中任一项所述的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控 释肥料, 其特征在于所述水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂以中和的形式包含醇酸树 脂预聚体。
6.根据权利要求 5的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控幹肥料,其中所述 醇酸树脂预聚体的酸值为 10 150 mgKOH/g树脂, 优选 20〜120mgKOH/g 树月旨, 更优选 30~80 mgKOH/g树脂, 进一步优选 40-70 mgKOH/ 树脂。
7.根据权利要求 5的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料,其特征在 于所述水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂的固含量为 5~60重量%,优选为 10~40重量 %, 更优选为 15~30重量%。
8.根据权利要求 5的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料,其特征在 于所述水溶性醇酸树脂预聚体由包含植物油和 /或来源于植物的脂肪酸, 多 元醇, 至少一种选自 c4-c22合成脂肪酸、 c4-c22合成脂肪酸的酸酐、 芳香 酸、 芳香酸的酸酐的组分的原料组合物通过共缩聚反应而得到,
其中所述植物油和 /或来源于植物的脂肪酸的用量占原料组合物总重 量的 30~70重量。 /。, 优选 40~60重量%; 原料组合物中羟基与羧基的摩尔
匕为 0.8〜1.4, 优选 0.9~L3。
9.根据权利要求 8的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料,其中所述 植物油选自干性油和半干性油中的一种或多种, 优选亚麻油、 桐油、 脱水 蓖麻油、 豆油、棉籽油和納斯克尔油; 所述来源于植物的脂肪酸选自油酸、 亚油酸、 亚麻酸、 妥尔油和松香中的一种或多种; 所述多元醇选自甘油、 三羟曱基丙烷、 季戊四醇、 山梨醇和二甘醇中的一种或多种; 所述 C4-C22 合成脂肪酸及其酸酐选自 C4-C22 —元酸、 多元酸及其酸酐, 优选 C4-C22 二元酸及其酸酐, 尤其是己二酸、 癸二酸及其酸酐; 所述芳香酸及其酸酐 选自芳族一元酸、 芳族二元酸、 芳族三元酸及其酸酐, 尤其是邻苯二甲酸 酐、 间苯二甲酸、 偏苯三酸和偏苯三酸酐。
10.根据权利要求 8的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料, 其中所 述醇酸树脂预聚体的制备方法为醇解法或脂肪酸法, 优选醇解法。
11.根据权利要求 8的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料, 其中所 述共缩聚反应为溶液共缩聚或熔融共缩聚, 优选熔融共缩聚。
12.根据权利要求 8的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释肥料, 其中共 缩聚反应温度为 100~280" , 优选为 140~250" ; 聚合反应时间为 1〜24小 时, 优选为 4~12小时。
13.根据权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控 释肥料, 其特征在于所述无机粉体选自滑石粉、 硅藻土、 蒙脱土、 高岭土、 碳酸 4弓、 膨润土、 凹凸棒土和海泡石粉中的一种或多种, 优选滑石粉、 硅 藻土和碳酸钙, 更优选微米级、 优选小于 5微米的无机粉体, 进一步优选 粒径小于 5微米的滑石粉、 硅藻土和碳酸钙。
14. 一种制备权利要求 1-13任一项中的水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂的方 法, 其包括如下步骤:
将醇酸树脂预聚体与助溶剂混合,
用碱中和,
任选地用水稀释, 以及
加入催干剂。
15.根据权利要求 14的制备水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂的方法, 所述助溶
剂选自低链脂肪醇类、溶纤剂类和和其他水溶性有机溶剂中的一种或多种, 所述低链脂肪醇类选自 c2-c6—元醇或多元醇中的一种或多种,例如乙醇、 正丙醇、 异丙醇、 乙二醇、 丙二醇、 正丁醇、 仲丁醇; 所述溶纤剂类选自 二元醇或其缩醇的单醚或二醚中的一种或多种, 例如乙二醇单甲醚、 乙二 醇单乙醚、 乙二醇单丁醚、 乙二醇二曱醚、 乙二醇二乙醚、 一缩二乙二醇 单曱醚、 丙二醇单曱醚、 丙二醇单乙醚、 一缩二丙二醇单甲醚、 一缩二丙 二醇单乙醚等; 其他水溶性有机溶剂选自丙酮、 丁酮、 吡咯烷酮、 四氢呋 喃、 二氧六环中的一种或多种; 优选低链脂肪醇类和溶纤剂类, 优选所述 助溶剂用量为醇酸树脂预聚体重量的 2~50重量%,更优选为 5-20重量%。
16.根据权利要求 14的制备水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂的方法, 其中所述 碱为无机碱和有机碱中的一种或多种, 优选碱金属氢氧化物、 碱土金属氢 氧化物和胺类; 更优选氨水、 三乙胺、 三曱胺、 氢氧化钠和氢氧化鉀。
17.根据权利要求 14的制备水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂的方法, 其中所述 催干剂包括主催干剂以及非必要的助催干剂和 /或催干活性剂。
18.根据权利要求 17的制备水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂的方法, 其中所述 主催干剂选自钴盐和锰盐中的一种或多种, 优选环烷酸钴和环烷酸锰, 优 选其用量为醇酸树脂预聚体重量的 0.005 5 重量%; 所述助催干剂选自 铅、 钙、 锌、 铁、 钡、 锆盐中的一种或多种, 其用量为醇酸树脂预聚体重 量的 0~0.5重量%, 优选 0.01~0.5重量%; 所述催干活性剂是由 38重量% 的 二氮杂菲、 22重量%己酸乙酯和 40重量%的正丁醇混合而成, 其用 量为醇酸树脂预聚体重量的 0~2.0重量%, 优选 0.05 1.0重量%。
19. 一种制备根据权利要求 1-13 的水溶性醇酸树脂-蜡复合包膜控释 肥料的方法, 其包括在流化床中, 优选在沸腾式或转鼓式流化床中, 首先 在肥料颗粒表面涂覆蜡形成蜡膜, 然后将所述水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂包覆 到所述蜡膜表面形成聚合物膜, 优选地将所述水溶性醇酸树脂包膜剂通过 双流喷嘴喷涂在蜡膜表面, 以及任选地在聚合物膜上包覆无机粉体以形成 无机层的包膜过程。
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