WO2009141973A1 - 動画像符号化装置及び動画像符号化方法 - Google Patents
動画像符号化装置及び動画像符号化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009141973A1 WO2009141973A1 PCT/JP2009/002061 JP2009002061W WO2009141973A1 WO 2009141973 A1 WO2009141973 A1 WO 2009141973A1 JP 2009002061 W JP2009002061 W JP 2009002061W WO 2009141973 A1 WO2009141973 A1 WO 2009141973A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
- H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
- H04N13/106—Processing image signals
- H04N13/144—Processing image signals for flicker reduction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
- H04N23/745—Detection of flicker frequency or suppression of flicker wherein the flicker is caused by illumination, e.g. due to fluorescent tube illumination or pulsed LED illumination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a moving image encoding apparatus and a moving image encoding method for encoding data relating to a moving image, and in particular, a moving image capable of suppressing a decrease in encoding efficiency due to flicker that occurs during high-speed imaging under fluorescent lamp illumination or the like.
- the present invention relates to an image encoding technique.
- the captured image data includes a flicker component that blinks due to the power frequency of the fluorescent lamp.
- the commercial power supply frequency is 50 Hz
- the fluorescent lamp flickers every half-wave rectification cycle, so the flicker frequency is 100 Hz.
- the luminance of each field image is different and the video signal is changed. Will contain a flicker component.
- the noise component due to flicker cannot be removed for an image captured at a timing when the luminance of the illumination is low, the signal-to-noise power ratio of the image decreases. That is, it is impossible to suppress a decrease in encoding efficiency due to flicker.
- the present invention solves such a conventional problem, even if flicker occurs depending on the state of light in the environment where the image was captured, and the imaging cycle is very short compared to the flicker cycle, It is an object of the present invention to provide a moving image encoding apparatus and a moving image encoding method that can suppress a decrease in encoding efficiency due to flicker and realize highly efficient encoding.
- a video encoding apparatus is a video encoding apparatus that encodes an image in which a subject is imaged.
- a luminance information acquisition unit that acquires luminance information indicating the magnitude of luminance, and a picture type that is applied when encoding the image according to the blinking state of the light obtained from the acquired luminance information.
- an encoding unit that encodes the image by a predictive encoding method.
- the present invention can be realized not only as such a moving image encoding device, but also as an integrated circuit that includes each processing unit constituting the device and controls the moving image encoding device, It can be realized as a method in which the above process is a step. Furthermore, the present invention can be realized as a program for causing a computer to execute these steps, as a recording medium such as a computer-readable CD-ROM in which the program is recorded, or as information, data, or a signal indicating the program. It can also be realized. These programs, information, data, and signals may be distributed via a communication network such as the Internet.
- flicker occurs depending on the state of light in the environment where an image is captured, and the imaging cycle is much shorter than the flicker cycle.
- it is possible to suppress a decrease in encoding efficiency due to the flicker and realize highly efficient encoding.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of a moving picture coding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the flicker control unit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation procedure of the moving picture coding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a moving picture coding method in the moving picture coding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the moving picture coding apparatus including the illumination luminance photometry unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the moving picture coding apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a moving image encoding method when the flicker cycle is not an integral multiple of the imaging cycle in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a control unit that changes the imaging cycle in a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of a conventional moving picture coding apparatus.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a moving picture coding method in a conventional moving picture coding apparatus.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of realizing a moving image coding apparatus with an integrated circuit.
- a moving image encoding apparatus that encodes an image in which a subject is imaged, and obtains luminance information indicating the magnitude of light luminance in an environment in which the subject is imaged. And a predictive encoding method with a picture type applied when encoding the image according to the blinking state of the light obtained from the acquired luminance information. And an encoding unit that performs conversion.
- encoding is performed by an encoding method corresponding to the blinking state of the light obtained from the luminance information.
- the encoding method according to the flickering state due to flicker is used. Encoding is performed. For this reason, it is possible to suppress a decrease in encoding efficiency due to flicker and achieve an effect of realizing highly efficient encoding.
- the moving image encoding device further includes an image information acquisition unit that acquires image information indicating a bright image captured in a bright state among the blinking states, and the encoding unit includes the image information.
- image information acquisition unit that acquires image information indicating a bright image captured in a bright state among the blinking states
- the encoding unit includes the image information.
- the image encoded by the intra prediction encoding and the forward inter prediction encoding is a bright image captured at a timing when the luminance of the illumination light is high. For this reason, even if flicker occurs depending on the state of light in the environment where the image was captured, and the imaging cycle is very short compared to the flicker cycle, the signal-to-noise power ratio of the bright image should be increased. Can do. Further, when a plurality of bright images are captured, the luminance of the illumination light at the time of imaging between the plurality of bright images can be regarded as substantially the same. Therefore, there is an effect that the correlation between the plurality of bright images becomes high, and high-efficiency encoding can be realized.
- the moving image encoding apparatus further includes an imaging unit that images the subject at a predetermined imaging cycle, and the image information acquisition unit identifies the bright image from images captured at the imaging cycle.
- the image information indicating the bright image may be acquired.
- the subject is imaged at a predetermined imaging cycle, and a bright image is specified from images captured at the imaging cycle. For this reason, even if flicker occurs depending on the state of light in the environment where the image is captured, and the imaging cycle is very short compared to the flicker cycle, the signal-to-noise of the bright image that is periodically identified
- the power ratio can be increased.
- luminance of the illumination light at the time of imaging between the bright images specified periodically can be considered as substantially the same. Therefore, there is an effect that the correlation between bright images is increased, and high-efficiency encoding can be realized.
- the moving image encoding apparatus further includes a flicker cycle acquisition unit that acquires a flicker cycle that is a cycle in which the light flickers from the luminance information acquired by the luminance information acquisition unit, and the acquired flicker cycle is You may make it a structure provided with the imaging period change part which changes the imaging period which the said imaging part images so that it may become an integral multiple of the said imaging period.
- the luminance information acquisition unit may acquire an average luminance value of a captured image as the luminance information.
- the moving image encoding device further includes an illumination luminance photometry unit that measures the illumination luminance of light in an environment where the subject is imaged, and the luminance information acquisition unit uses the measured illumination luminance as the light intensity. You may make it the structure acquired as luminance information.
- the encoding unit is configured to perform encoding by weighted predictive encoding with reference to a decoded image obtained by decoding the encoded bright image for images other than the captured bright image. It doesn't matter.
- the encoding unit determines the weight based on a ratio of luminance information in an environment where the bright image and an image other than the bright image to be encoded are captured, so that the weighted prediction is performed. You may make it the structure which encodes by encoding.
- the average luminance of the image other than the bright image to be encoded and the motion compensated prediction image generated with reference to the decoded image of the encoded bright image are made substantially the same, and the encoding efficiency is further improved. The effect which becomes possible is produced.
- the encoding unit sets a predetermined number of captured images as a group image, and among the images included in the group image, the first bright image in the imaging order is encoded by intra prediction encoding. You may make it the structure to perform.
- GOP Group Of Pictures
- MPEG-2 MPEG-2 standard
- a moving image encoding method for encoding an image in which a subject is imaged a luminance information acquisition step for acquiring luminance information indicating a luminance level of light in an environment in which the subject is imaged;
- An encoding step of encoding the image by a predictive encoding method with a picture type applied when encoding the image according to the blinking state of the light obtained from the acquired luminance information It may be configured to include.
- a luminance information acquisition step for acquiring a luminance information indicating a magnitude of light luminance in an environment in which the subject is imaged, which is a moving image encoding program for encoding an image in which the subject is imaged Encoding the image by a predictive encoding method with a picture type applied when encoding the image according to the blinking state of the light obtained from the acquired luminance information
- You may comprise as a moving image encoding program for making a computer perform a step.
- the encoding can be realized by a program.
- a luminance information acquisition unit that acquires a luminance information indicating a magnitude of light luminance in an environment in which the subject is imaged;
- An encoding unit that encodes the image by a predictive encoding method using a picture type applied when encoding the image according to the blinking state of the light obtained from the acquired luminance information May be configured as a moving image encoding integrated circuit.
- the encoding can be realized by the encoding integrated circuit.
- the imaging cycle in the present invention is represented by a time interval between adjacent images. That is, the imaging cycle is the reciprocal of the number of images captured per unit time.
- the unit time may be the basic unit of seconds, minutes, or hours.
- the flicker cycle is expressed by a time interval from light to light or from light to light, for example, in flickering due to the power supply frequency of a fluorescent lamp.
- the bright image refers to an image captured in the bright state among the light states in the environment where the apparatus is placed, such as an image captured in the bright state, for example, when the fluorescent lamp blinks at the power supply frequency.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of moving picture coding apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the flicker control unit 105 according to the first embodiment.
- the moving picture coding apparatus 100 captures an interlaced scanned image of 480 fields per second under fluorescent lamp illumination with a power supply frequency of 60 Hz. It is not limited to such a configuration, and an image may be captured at any imaging cycle.
- a moving image encoding apparatus 100 includes a lens group 101, an imaging unit 102, an A / D conversion unit 103, an image signal processing unit 104, a flicker control unit 105, a moving image encoding unit 106, a recording process.
- the input unit 109 receives a user operation such as setting of an imaging cycle in the imaging unit 102 via an input device. Then, the input unit 109 outputs the received user operation to the control unit 110 as operation information.
- the user operation input to the input unit 109 is input using, for example, a touch pad input device, a pointing device, a tablet, or the like.
- the control unit 110 controls the imaging unit 102, the image signal processing unit 104, the flicker control unit 105, the moving image encoding unit 106, the recording processing unit 107, and the recording control unit 108 to record in the moving image encoding device 100. Execute processing etc.
- the control unit 110 may be constituted by a CPU that can execute software, for example.
- the lens group 101 is composed of a plurality of optical lenses.
- the imaging unit 102 images the subject at a predetermined imaging cycle.
- the imaging unit 102 includes an imaging element such as a CCD element, for example, and images a subject input via the lens group 101.
- an imaging cycle when the imaging unit 102 captures an image is specified via the control unit 110 based on operation information output from the input unit 109 to the control unit 110.
- the imaging unit 102 outputs the captured image to the A / D conversion unit 103 as an analog signal.
- the imaging unit 102 is not limited to a configuration using a CCD element, and may be configured using a CMOS element. By using a CMOS element, power consumption can be reduced.
- the A / D conversion unit 103 converts the analog signal output from the imaging unit 102 into a digital signal. Then, the A / D conversion unit 103 outputs the digital signal obtained by the conversion to the image signal processing unit 104.
- the image signal processing unit 104 performs processing such as noise removal and image quality adjustment on the digital signal output from the A / D conversion unit 103, and then performs an interlaced scanned image (hereinafter referred to as a 480i image) of 480 fields per second. Is output to the flicker control unit 105 and the moving image encoding unit 106.
- the flicker control unit 105 determines whether there is flicker depending on the light state of the environment where the apparatus is placed and the image information of the bright image among the images included in the 480i image as flicker information. The result is output to the moving image encoding unit 106.
- the flicker control unit 105 includes a luminance information acquisition unit 121, an image information acquisition unit 122, a flicker cycle acquisition unit 123, and a control buffer unit 124.
- the luminance information acquisition unit 121 acquires luminance information indicating the magnitude of light luminance in the environment where the subject is imaged. Specifically, the luminance information acquisition unit 121 acquires an average luminance value of a captured image as luminance information.
- the luminance information acquisition unit 121 calculates an average luminance value for each image included in the 480i image as an average value of luminance values based on the pixel values of the image, and the flicker control unit 105 performs time series.
- the data is stored in the control buffer unit 124 included therein.
- the luminance information acquisition unit 121 determines that flicker has occurred when the average luminance stored in the control buffer unit 124 periodically has a maximum value or a minimum value, and the flicker information is used as the flicker information.
- the information is output to the moving image encoding unit 106 via the information acquisition unit 122.
- the flicker cycle acquisition unit 123 acquires a flicker cycle that is a cycle in which light blinks from the luminance information acquired by the luminance information acquisition unit 121.
- the flicker cycle acquisition unit 123 is an image of an image that takes the maximum value or the minimum value when the average luminance stored in the control buffer unit 124 periodically takes a maximum value or a minimum value. Based on the interval, the flicker cycle is calculated.
- the image information acquisition unit 122 acquires image information indicating a bright image captured in the bright state among the blinking states of light in the environment where the subject is captured, which is obtained from the luminance information acquired by the luminance information acquisition unit 121. To do. Specifically, the image information acquisition unit 122 specifies a bright image from images captured at the imaging cycle, and acquires image information indicating the bright image.
- the image information acquisition unit 122 determines that the image having the maximum value is a bright image in which the light state of the environment in which the apparatus is placed is captured in a bright state, and determines the image information of the image. get. Then, the image information acquisition unit 122 outputs the image information of the bright image to the moving image encoding unit 106 as flicker information.
- the image information may be any information as long as the image can be uniquely identified. For example, the image information when the image is captured, information included in the header of the image, or the like is used. You may make it the structure to do.
- the average luminance of the image is calculated. However, for example, a partial average luminance of the image may be calculated.
- the control buffer unit 124 is a recording medium such as a non-volatile memory and is configured to be included in the flicker control unit 105. However, for example, the control buffer unit 124 may be provided outside.
- the flicker presence / absence determination method determines that flicker occurs when the average luminance of the image periodically has a maximum value or a minimum value, but is not limited to such a configuration. Any flicker detection method conventionally used may be used.
- the moving image encoding unit 106 is a prediction code with a picture type applied when encoding an image according to the blinking state of light obtained from the luminance information acquired by the luminance information acquisition unit 121.
- the image is encoded by the encoding method.
- the moving image encoding unit 106 corresponds to the “encoding unit” recited in the claims.
- the moving image encoding unit 106 converts the 480i image output from the image signal processing unit 104 based on the flicker information output from the flicker control unit 105 to the MPEG-2 standard that is a compression standard, H. Based on an encoding method such as the H.264 standard, it is compressed as an interlaced scanned image (hereinafter referred to as a 60i image) of 60 fields per second, and ancillary information and audio signals (not shown) are multiplexed by MPEG-2 Systems, etc. Multiplex based on. Then, the moving image file obtained by multiplexing is output to the recording processing unit 107.
- the MPEG-2 standard that is a compression standard, H.
- ancillary information and audio signals are multiplexed by MPEG-2 Systems, etc. Multiplex based on.
- the moving image file obtained by multiplexing is output to the recording processing unit 107.
- the moving image encoding unit 106 starts encoding until a decoded image of an encoded bright image that is referenced from another image at the time of encoding and the next bright image in the order of imaging are encoded.
- An encoding buffer unit 131 for accumulating incapable images is provided inside.
- the encoding buffer unit 131 is a recording medium such as a nonvolatile memory.
- the bright image indicated by the flicker information is captured in the past from the intra-screen predictive encoding and the imaging time of the bright image accumulated in the encoding buffer unit 131. Then, encoding is performed using at least one of the forward inter-frame predictive encoding in which encoding is performed with reference to the decoded image obtained by decoding the encoded bright image.
- the moving image encoding unit 106 sets a predetermined number of captured images as a group image, and among the images included in the group image, the first bright image in the imaging order Encoding is performed by conversion.
- This group image is, for example, a GOP. Note that the number of images included in the group image does not have to be constant, and may vary for each group image.
- the moving image encoding unit 106 stores the images other than the bright image in the encoding buffer unit 131 until the next bright image is encoded in the imaging order to be referred to at the time of encoding. Bidirectional referring to a decoded image of a bright image captured and encoded in the past than the image stored in the encoding buffer unit 131 and a decoded image of a bright image captured and encoded in the future It is assumed that encoding is performed using inter-screen predictive encoding.
- the image encoded by the intra prediction encoding and the forward inter prediction encoding is an image captured at a timing when the luminance of the illumination light is high, the signal-to-noise power ratio is high, Since the brightness of the illumination light at the time of imaging can be regarded as substantially the same, the correlation between images is increased, and an effect of enabling highly efficient encoding is achieved.
- the 480i image encoded as a 60i image in this way can be decoded and reproduced as a 60i image with 8 ⁇ speed slow.
- the recording processing unit 107 writes the moving image file output from the moving image encoding unit 106 in the recording medium 10 according to the file configuration set in the compression standard.
- the recording medium 10 may be a recording device built in the moving picture coding apparatus 100, for example, a hard disk drive, or may be configured to use a detachable semiconductor memory, for example, an SD card.
- the recording control unit 108 controls a recording protocol such as a drive device for driving the recording medium 10 or a recording address input procedure.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the encoding of an image when a subject is imaged by the moving image encoding apparatus 100.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a moving picture coding method in the moving picture coding apparatus 100.
- Step S1001 When the moving image encoding apparatus 100 captures a subject and obtains a 480i image in the image signal processing unit 104, the moving image encoding unit 100 outputs the 480i image to the flicker control unit 105 and the moving image encoding unit 106. The process proceeds to step S1002.
- Step S1002 When an input image is input from the image signal processing unit 104 to the flicker control unit 105, the luminance information acquisition unit 121 acquires luminance information and stores the luminance information in the control buffer unit 124. Let Then, the luminance information acquisition unit 121 calculates the average luminance of the input image from the luminance information, and based on the calculated average luminance value and the average luminance of the past input image stored in the control buffer unit 124 in time series. In addition, it is determined whether or not flicker exists in the input image currently input. If it is determined that flicker has occurred, the process advances to step S1003. On the other hand, if it is determined that no flicker has occurred, the process advances to step S1010.
- Step S1003 Then, if it is determined that the flicker has occurred in the input image, the flicker cycle acquisition unit 123 acquires the flicker cycle. Then, the image information acquisition unit 122 determines whether the input image corresponds to a bright image based on an image interval at which the average luminance of images stored in time series takes a maximum value. If it is determined that the input image is a bright image, the process proceeds to step S1004. On the other hand, if it is determined that the input image is not a bright image, the process proceeds to step S1009.
- the average luminance of the image included in the 480i image is a maximum value.
- the images to be taken are an image 1103 and an image 1107. That is, the flicker cycle is 1/120 second of 4 image units.
- the image information acquisition unit 122 encodes a moving image using the image 1103 in which the average luminance of the image has a maximum value and the image information of the image 1107 as flicker information. To the unit 106.
- Step S1004 When it is determined that the input image is a bright image, the moving image encoding unit 106 determines whether or not the input image is the first bright image in the shooting order of each GOP. If it is determined that the image is the first bright image in the GOP, the process proceeds to step S1005. On the other hand, if it is determined that it is not the first bright image in the shooting order of each GOP, the process proceeds to step S1006.
- Step S1005 When the input image is determined to be the first bright image in the GOP, the moving image encoding unit 106 encodes the input image by intra prediction encoding. Further, the process proceeds to step S1007.
- Step S1006 When it is determined that the input image is not the first bright image in the shooting order of each GOP, the moving image encoding unit 106 determines the shooting time of the bright image stored in the encoding buffer unit 131. With reference to a decoded image of a bright image having a past shooting time, encoding is performed by forward inter-screen predictive encoding. Further, the process proceeds to step S1007.
- Step S1007 Since the bright image encoded in step S1006 can be referred to when another image is encoded, the decoded image of the bright image is stored in the encoding buffer unit 131. Further, the process proceeds to step S1008.
- Step S ⁇ b> 1008 The moving image encoding unit 106 refers to a previously input unencoded image stored in the encoding buffer unit 131 and a decoded image of a bright image stored in the encoding buffer unit 131. Encoding is performed by the bidirectional inter-screen predictive encoding. Then, the process proceeds to step S1011.
- Step S1009 On the other hand, when it is determined that the input image is not a bright image, the moving image encoding unit 106 stores the input image in the encoding buffer unit 131. Then, the process proceeds to step S1011.
- Step S1010 When the moving image encoding unit 106 determines that no flicker occurs in the input image, the moving image encoding unit 106 encodes the input image without considering the influence of the flicker. Then, the process proceeds to step S1011.
- Step S1011 Then, based on the control from the control unit 110, the end of the encoding process is determined. When the encoding process is continued, the processes after step S1001 are performed again.
- the moving image coding apparatus 100 calculates the luminance information based on the image output from the image signal processing unit 104 by the flicker control unit 105.
- the moving image coding apparatus A luminance metering unit may be provided.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the moving image encoding apparatus 300 including the illumination luminance photometry unit 111.
- the moving image encoding apparatus 300 includes an illumination luminance photometry unit 111 including an optical sensor or the like.
- the illumination luminance metering unit 111 measures the illumination luminance of light in the environment where the subject is imaged.
- the luminance information acquisition unit 121 of the flicker control unit 105 shown in FIG. 2 acquires the illumination luminance measured by the illumination luminance photometry unit 111 as luminance information. That is, the luminance information acquisition unit 121 calculates luminance information based on the illumination photometry result obtained by the illumination luminance photometry unit 111.
- the moving image encoding unit 106 refers to a decoded image obtained by decoding the encoded bright image for images other than the bright image in which the average luminance of the image has the maximum among the images in each flicker cycle.
- the encoding may be performed by inter-frame prediction encoding using the weighted prediction.
- the weight used at the time of encoding can be calculated
- p is the average luminance of the encoding target image
- q0 is the average luminance of the previous image that is an image whose luminance before the encoding target image is larger than a predetermined threshold
- Q1 is the average luminance of the subsequent image, which is an image whose luminance later in time is larger than a predetermined threshold
- the moving image encoding apparatus 100 is configured to input the captured image to the flicker control unit 105 and the moving image encoding unit 106 at the same time, the captured image is input to the flicker control unit 105 and the moving image code. Is stored in a frame buffer unit arranged at a different position from the conversion unit 106, and the flicker control unit 105 determines the presence / absence of flicker for the image stored in the frame buffer unit, and then the moving image encoding unit 106 performs encoding. May be performed.
- the moving picture coding apparatus 100 is based on the flicker information detected by the flicker control unit 105, and the bright image picked up in the bright state among the blinking light of the environment where the image was picked up.
- An image (for example, the image 1103 or the image 1107 shown in FIG. 4) is subjected to intra-frame predictive encoding, or a forward inter-screen predictive code referring to a decoded image of a bright image captured and encoded in the past than the image. Encode by encoding.
- the images encoded by the intra prediction encoding and the forward inter prediction encoding have a high signal-to-noise power ratio because they are imaged at a timing when the luminance of the illumination light is high. Since the luminance of light can be regarded as substantially the same, the correlation between images is increased, and the reduction in coding efficiency due to flicker can be suppressed.
- an image for example, the image 1104, the image 1105, or the image shown in FIG. 4
- the reference picture coding efficiency is high and the signal-to-noise power ratio is improved, so that a reduction in coding efficiency due to flicker can be suppressed.
- the number of images to be encoded with reference to the decoded image of the image encoded by the intra prediction encoding and the forward inter prediction encoding does not have to be a fixed number every flicker period. You may change for every period. Even in this case, since the signal-to-noise power ratio of the image is improved, a decrease in encoding efficiency due to flicker can be suppressed.
- Embodiment 2 the moving picture coding apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the difference between the moving picture coding apparatus 200 in the second embodiment and the moving picture coding apparatus 100 in the first embodiment is accepted by the control unit 210 based on the flicker cycle calculated by the flicker control unit 105. This is to limit the designated imaging cycle from the input unit 109.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of the moving picture coding apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Note that the same reference numerals are used for the same hardware configuration as that of the moving picture encoding apparatus 100 in Embodiment 1, and a detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a moving image encoding method when the flicker cycle is not an integral multiple of the imaging cycle in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Specifically, this figure shows an encoding method when imaging is performed at 250 fields per second under fluorescent lamp illumination with a power supply frequency of 50 Hz.
- the flicker cycle is 1/100 second and the imaging cycle is 1/250 second.
- the flicker cycle does not become an integral multiple of the imaging cycle (2.5 times in the figure) among the images in each flicker cycle, the image 1201 and the image 1202 that have the maximum average luminance of the image Is not less than a predetermined error. For this reason, there is a possibility that the correlation between images becomes small and the encoding efficiency is lowered.
- the control unit 210 of the moving picture coding apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention has a flicker cycle that is an integral multiple of the imaging cycle based on the flicker cycle calculated by the flicker cycle acquisition unit 123 of the flicker control unit 105.
- the designated imaging cycle received from the input unit 109 is limited.
- control unit 210 controls the flicker cycle to be an integral multiple of the imaging cycle, so that among the images within each flicker cycle, the illumination at the time of imaging is taken between images with the maximum average luminance of the images.
- the luminance is substantially the same. Therefore, there is an effect that it is possible to suppress a decrease in encoding efficiency due to flicker.
- the number of images to be subjected to bidirectional inter-screen predictive coding sandwiched between images to be subjected to intra-screen predictive coding or forward inter-screen predictive coding is also constant. Therefore, there is an effect that the encoding control becomes easy.
- control unit 210 is configured to prompt the user to change the imaging cycle through a user interface such as a display. It doesn't matter.
- control unit 210 may automatically change the imaging cycle.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the control unit 210 that changes the imaging cycle in the modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
- control unit 210 includes an imaging cycle changing unit 141.
- the imaging cycle changing unit 141 changes the imaging cycle captured by the imaging unit 102 so that the flicker cycle acquired by the flicker cycle acquiring unit 123 is an integral multiple of the imaging cycle.
- the moving picture coding apparatus 200 uses the flicker cycle calculated by the flicker control unit 105 as the designated imaging cycle received from the input unit 109, and the flicker cycle is an integral multiple of the imaging cycle. The period is limited to
- the brightness of the illumination at the time of imaging is substantially the same among the images captured in the bright state among the light blinking states of the environment where the images were captured, and the effect of suppressing the decrease in the encoding efficiency due to flicker is achieved.
- the number of images to be subjected to bidirectional inter-screen predictive coding sandwiched between bright images can be made constant, and an effect of facilitating coding control can be achieved.
- FIG. 1 the figure is a functional block diagram which shows the functional structure of the conventional moving image encoder.
- FIG. 1 an outline of the operation of the moving picture coding apparatus will be described by taking the case of performing frame coding as an example.
- an optical signal incident on the imaging unit 1 is converted into an electrical signal, further converted into an image signal in the image signal processing unit 2, and then to a flicker removing unit 510 in a predetermined block unit determined by the encoding method. Entered.
- the predetermined block unit image signal passes through the level correction unit 513 and is input to the next-stage moving image encoding unit 20.
- the motion compensation inter-frame prediction unit 21 of the moving image encoding unit 20 detects the moving region and the still region of the subject in units of blocks between the current frame and the previous frame of the image signal.
- the moving area and the stationary area are determined based on a change in signal level between the current frame and the previous frame. If the level change amount is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold, the stationary area and the threshold are exceeded. If it does, it will be the moving area.
- the still region level detection unit 511 detects the signal level of the still region based on the still region position information a output from the motion compensation inter-screen prediction unit 21 and outputs the block signal level b.
- the block signal level b is accumulated for one frame in the level averaging unit 512, and then an average value c is calculated.
- the level difference between the average value c calculated here and the still area of the current frame can be a plus or minus value with respect to zero.
- the level correction unit 513 removes a noise component from the signal level in the frame by calculating a difference between the average value level signal c calculated by the level averaging unit 512 and the still region of the current frame.
- Block sequential data from which noise such as flicker has been removed is encoded by the moving image encoding unit 20.
- the noise component due to flicker cannot be removed for an image captured at a timing when the luminance of the illumination is low, the signal-to-noise power ratio of the image decreases. That is, it is impossible to suppress a decrease in encoding efficiency due to flicker.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a moving picture coding method in a conventional moving picture coding apparatus. Specifically, this figure shows an encoding method when imaging is performed at 480 fields per second in a conventional moving image encoding apparatus under fluorescent lamp illumination with a power supply frequency of 60 Hz.
- an I image 1001 is an image to be subjected to intraframe prediction encoding
- P images 1004 and 1007 are images to be subjected to forward interframe prediction encoding
- B images 1002, 1003, 1005, 1006, 1008, and 1009 are bidirectional. The image which performs inter-screen prediction encoding is shown.
- the P image 1004 is encoded with reference to the I image 1001
- the P image 1007 is encoded with reference to the P image 1004.
- the B images 1002 and 1003 are encoded with reference to the I image 1001 and the P image 1004, and the B image 1005 and the B image 1006 are encoded with reference to the P image 1004 and the P image 1007. Shall.
- the forward inter-screen predictive code is referred to with reference to the I image 1001.
- the I image 1001 to be referred to contains a large amount of noise components, and the illumination luminance at the time of capturing the I image 1001 and the P image 1004 is different. Is difficult to encode.
- the P image 1004 to be referenced has low coding efficiency, so that the decoded image includes a lot of noise components, and the illumination brightness at the time of capturing the P image 1004 and the P image 1007 is different. Therefore, the correlation between images becomes small, and highly efficient encoding is difficult.
- high-efficiency encoding is also difficult for images that perform bidirectional inter-frame prediction encoding with reference to these intra-frame prediction encoding and forward inter-frame prediction encoding images.
- flicker occurs depending on the state of light in the environment where the image is captured, and the imaging cycle is very short compared to the flicker cycle.
- it is possible to suppress a decrease in encoding efficiency due to flicker and realize highly efficient encoding.
- the imaging unit 102 images a subject at a predetermined imaging cycle, and the image information acquisition unit 122 acquires image information indicating a bright image from images captured at the imaging cycle. It was decided. However, as long as the image information acquisition unit 122 can acquire image information indicating a bright image, the imaging unit 102 does not have to capture a subject in a predetermined imaging cycle.
- the image information acquisition unit 122 acquires image information indicating a bright image captured in a bright state, and the moving image encoding unit 106 performs intra-screen prediction encoding or Coding was performed using forward inter-screen predictive coding.
- the encoding target image is not limited to a bright image. That is, the image information acquisition unit 122 acquires image information indicating an image captured in an environment having the same luminance instead of a bright image, and the moving image encoding unit 106 performs intra-screen predictive encoding or forward direction. You may decide to encode using inter-screen prediction encoding.
- the moving picture encoding apparatus includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a system LSI (Large Scale Integration), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and an HDD (HardD). Drive), a network interface, or the like. Furthermore, a drive device capable of reading and writing with respect to a portable recording medium such as a DVD-RAM, a Blu-ray disc, and an SD (Secure Digital) memory card may be provided.
- a portable recording medium such as a DVD-RAM, a Blu-ray disc, and an SD (Secure Digital) memory card
- the moving image encoding apparatus may be an embedded system such as a digital video camera, a digital recorder, a digital TV, a game machine, a mobile phone, or the like.
- a program for controlling the moving image encoding device (hereinafter referred to as a moving image encoding program) is installed in the HDD or ROM, and the moving image encoding program is executed, thereby moving images.
- a program for controlling the moving image encoding device (hereinafter referred to as a moving image encoding program) is installed in the HDD or ROM, and the moving image encoding program is executed, thereby moving images.
- a program for controlling the moving image encoding device hereinafter referred to as a moving image encoding program
- the moving image encoding program may be recorded on a recording medium readable by a hardware system such as a computer system or an embedded system. Furthermore, the program may be read and executed by another hardware system via the recording medium. Thereby, each function of the moving picture coding apparatus can be realized in another hardware system.
- a computer system-readable recording medium an optical recording medium (for example, a CD-ROM), a magnetic recording medium (for example, a hard disk), a magneto-optical recording medium (for example, an MO), or a semiconductor memory. (For example, a memory card).
- the moving picture encoding program may be held in a hardware system connected to a network such as the Internet or a local area network. Furthermore, it may be downloaded to another hardware system via a network and executed. Thereby, each function of the moving picture coding apparatus can be realized in another hardware system.
- a network a terrestrial broadcasting network, a satellite broadcasting network, a PLC (Power Line Communication), a mobile telephone network, a wired communication network (for example, IEEE802.3), and a wireless communication network (for example, IEEE802.11).
- a network a terrestrial broadcasting network, a satellite broadcasting network, a PLC (Power Line Communication), a mobile telephone network, a wired communication network (for example, IEEE802.3), and a wireless communication network (for example, IEEE802.11).
- each function of the moving image encoding device may be realized by a moving image encoding integrated circuit mounted on the moving image encoding device.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of realizing a moving image coding apparatus with an integrated circuit.
- each functional block of the moving picture coding apparatus is realized as a moving picture coding integrated circuit 400 which is an integrated circuit (LSI).
- LSI integrated circuit
- each functional block excluding the lens group 101 and the imaging unit 102 from the block diagrams illustrated in FIGS. 1, 5, and 6 is realized as a moving image encoding integrated circuit 400.
- These may be individually made into one chip, or may be made into one chip so as to include a part or all of them.
- LSI is used, but it may be called IC, system LSI, super LSI, or ultra LSI depending on the degree of integration. Further, the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI's, and implementation using dedicated circuitry or general purpose processors is also possible.
- the moving image coding integrated circuit is a semi-custom LSI such as a full custom LSI (Large Scale Integration), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
- LSI Large Scale Integration
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- Such a programmable logic device may be formed as a dynamic reconfigurable device whose circuit configuration can be dynamically rewritten.
- the design data for forming each function of the moving picture coding apparatus in the moving picture coding integrated circuit may be a program described in a hardware description language (hereinafter referred to as HDL program). Further, it may be a gate level netlist obtained by logical synthesis of an HDL program. Alternatively, macro cell information in which arrangement information, process conditions, and the like are added to a gate level netlist may be used. Further, it may be mask data in which dimensions, timing, and the like are defined.
- VHDL Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language
- Verilog-HDL Verilog-HDL
- SystemC SystemC as hardware description languages.
- the design data may be recorded on a recording medium readable by a hardware system such as a computer system or an embedded system.
- the program may be read and executed by another hardware system via the recording medium.
- the design data read by the other hardware system via these recording media may be downloaded to the programmable logic device via the download cable.
- the design data may be held in a hardware system connected to a network such as the Internet or a local area network. Furthermore, it may be downloaded to another hardware system via a network and executed. And the design data acquired by other hardware systems via these networks may be downloaded to a programmable logic device via a download cable.
- a network such as the Internet or a local area network.
- the design data may be recorded in a serial ROM so that it can be transferred to the FPGA when energized.
- the design data recorded in the serial ROM may be downloaded directly to the FPGA when energized.
- the design data may be generated by a microprocessor and downloaded to the FPGA when energized.
- the present invention provides a moving picture encoding apparatus capable of suppressing a decrease in encoding efficiency due to flicker that occurs when an image is taken under illumination of a fluorescent lamp or the like.
- the present invention is useful in a moving image encoding apparatus that suppresses a decrease in encoding efficiency due to flicker that occurs during high-speed imaging.
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Abstract
Description
2008年5月20日に出願された出願番号2008-131509の日本出願の明細書、図面および特許請求の範囲における開示は、その全体を、参照用として、本願に取り込む。
図1は、実施の形態1における動画像符号化装置100のハードウェア構成を示すブロック図である。
以下、本発明の実施の形態2における動画像符号化装置200について、図面を参照しながら説明する。本実施の形態2における動画像符号化装置200と、実施の形態1における動画像符号化装置100との相違点は、フリッカ制御部105によって算出されるフリッカ周期を基に、制御部210が受け付ける入力部109からの指定撮像周期を制限することである。
2 画像信号処理部
10 記録媒体
20 動画像符号化部
21 動き補償画面間予測部
100、200、300 動画像符号化装置
101 レンズ群
102 撮像部
103 A/D変換部
104 画像信号処理部
105 フリッカ制御部
106 動画像符号化部
107 記録処理部
108 記録制御部
109 入力部
110、210 制御部
111 照明輝度測光部
121 輝度情報取得部
122 画像情報取得部
123 フリッカ周期取得部
124 制御バッファ部
131 符号化バッファ部
141 撮像周期変更部
400 動画像符号化集積回路
510 フリッカ除去部
511 静止領域レベル検出部
512 レベル平均化部
513 レベル補正部
Claims (12)
- 被写体が撮像された画像の符号化を行う動画像符号化装置であって、
前記被写体が撮像された環境での光の輝度の大きさを示す輝度情報を取得する輝度情報取得部と、
取得された前記輝度情報から得られる前記光の明滅状態に応じた、前記画像を符号化する際に適用されるピクチャタイプでの予測符号化方法により、前記画像の符号化を行う符号化部と
を備える動画像符号化装置。 - 前記動画像符号化装置は、さらに、
前記明滅状態のうち、明状態で撮像された明画像を示す画像情報を取得する画像情報取得部を備え、
前記符号化部は、前記画像情報で示される明画像を、画面内予測符号化と、当該明画像の撮像時刻よりも過去に撮像された明画像の復号画像を参照して符号化を行う順方向画面間予測符号化とのうち、少なくとも1つにより符号化する
請求項1に記載の動画像符号化装置。 - 前記動画像符号化装置は、さらに、
前記被写体を所定の撮像周期で撮像する撮像部を備え、
前記画像情報取得部は、前記撮像周期で撮像された画像の中から前記明画像を特定し、前記明画像を示す画像情報を取得する
請求項2に記載の動画像符号化装置。 - 前記動画像符号化装置は、さらに、
前記輝度情報取得部が取得した輝度情報から、前記光が明滅する周期であるフリッカ周期を取得するフリッカ周期取得部と、
取得された前記フリッカ周期が前記撮像周期の整数倍になるように、前記撮像部が撮像する撮像周期を変更する撮像周期変更部とを備える
請求項3に記載の動画像符号化装置。 - 前記輝度情報取得部は、撮像された画像の平均輝度値を前記輝度情報として取得する
請求項1に記載の動画像符号化装置。 - 前記動画像符号化装置は、さらに、
前記被写体が撮像された環境での光の照明輝度を測光する照明輝度測光部を備え、
前記輝度情報取得部は、測光された前記照明輝度を前記輝度情報として取得する
請求項1に記載の動画像符号化装置。 - 前記符号化部は、さらに、撮像された前記明画像以外の画像については、符号化された当該明画像が復号された復号画像を参照した重み付き予測符号化により符号化を行う
請求項2に記載の動画像符号化装置。 - 前記符号化部は、前記明画像と、符号化対象となる前記明画像以外の画像とが撮像された環境での輝度情報の比を基に重みを決定することで、前記重み付き予測符号化により符号化を行う
請求項7に記載の動画像符号化装置。 - 前記符号化部は、撮像された所定の数の画像をグループ画像とし、前記グループ画像に含まれる画像のうち、撮像順で最初の明画像については、画面内予測符号化により符号化を行う
請求項2に記載の動画像符号化装置。 - 被写体が撮像された画像の符号化を行う動画像符号化方法であって、
前記被写体が撮像された環境での光の輝度の大きさを示す輝度情報を取得する輝度情報取得ステップと、
取得された前記輝度情報から得られる前記光の明滅状態に応じた、前記画像を符号化する際に適用されるピクチャタイプでの予測符号化方法により、前記画像の符号化を行う符号化ステップと
を含む動画像符号化方法。 - 被写体が撮像された画像の符号化を行うための動画像符号化プログラムであって、
前記被写体が撮像された環境での光の輝度の大きさを示す輝度情報を取得する輝度情報取得ステップと、
取得された前記輝度情報から得られる前記光の明滅状態に応じた、前記画像を符号化する際に適用されるピクチャタイプでの予測符号化方法により、前記画像の符号化を行う符号化ステップと
をコンピュータに実行させる動画像符号化プログラム。 - 被写体が撮像された画像の符号化を行う動画像符号化集積回路であって、
前記被写体が撮像された環境での光の輝度の大きさを示す輝度情報を取得する輝度情報取得部と、
取得された前記輝度情報から得られる前記光の明滅状態に応じた、前記画像を符号化する際に適用されるピクチャタイプでの予測符号化方法により、前記画像の符号化を行う符号化部と
を備える動画像符号化集積回路。
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