Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
  • E04F21/20—Implements for finishing work on buildings for laying flooring
  • E04F21/22—Implements for finishing work on buildings for laying flooring of single elements, e.g. flooring cramps ; flexible webs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
  • B44C1/28—Uniting ornamental elements on a support, e.g. mosaics
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
  • E04F21/0076—Implements for finishing work on buildings for marking and cutting tiles
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
  • E04F21/18—Implements for finishing work on buildings for setting wall or ceiling slabs or plates
  • E04F21/1838—Implements for finishing work on buildings for setting wall or ceiling slabs or plates for setting a plurality of similar elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
  • E04F21/18—Implements for finishing work on buildings for setting wall or ceiling slabs or plates
  • E04F21/1838—Implements for finishing work on buildings for setting wall or ceiling slabs or plates for setting a plurality of similar elements
  • E04F21/1844—Implements for finishing work on buildings for setting wall or ceiling slabs or plates for setting a plurality of similar elements by applying them one by one

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of cladding with tiles for floors, walls, ceilings and the like.
• the cladding can be applied to different types of surfaces, such as flat surfaces, undulated or mixed surfaces, whether horizontal, vertical or at an incline.
• a tile is a unit of cladding of whatever material it might be made, such as ceramics, carpeting, stone, compound materials, plastic or wood, among others.
• a peripheral tile is taken to mean one that abuts with an object such as a wall or door frame, and will have to be cut in order to adapt it to the perimeter of said object.
• a whole tile is taken to mean one that does not need cutting.
• a cladding is a layer or cover made with a number of tiles with which a surface such as a floor, wall, ceiling or the like is protected or adorned.
• a tiler is an operative entrusted with cladding a surface with tiles.
• a high-precision measurement is taken to mean one that achieves a tolerance of the order of one millimetre .
• Telemetry is a system for measuring distances by means of a telemeter, that is, by means of an electronic optical device that permits remote measurement of lengths.
• Scanning is taken to mean the action of examining or sweeping over a space, in this case by means of a telemeter, for the purpose of taking the measurements or a room or lobby for subsequent processing thereof.
• Home automation is taken to mean a set of systems that automate the various facilities to be found in a dwelling.
• Matching is taken to refer to the action of combining or relating with each other the measurements obtained in the various rooms or areas in order to draw up a final plan of the whole.
• Referencing is taken to mean the action of numbering or coding the tiles in order to facilitate the subsequent laying or placement thereof.
• the operative or tiler takes the measurements of the space to be tiled and cuts the tile using any method valid for the purpose. This is more laborious than it might seem, however. There follows, by way of example, a list of all the simple operations said tiler carries out in order to lay a peripheral tile attached using mortar:
• the list of operations is almost identical, although for approximately one third of them the bending down action of the tiler is replaced by the action of climbing a ladder, while for another third he must also bend down, and for the remaining third he lays them from a standing position. All these operations involve a high cost in terms of time, energy consumption, physical exertion of the tiler, quite apart from the risk of accident involved in using a machine for cutting tiles.
• the object of the method of the present invention for cladding with tiles for floors, walls, ceilings and the like is to solve the disadvantages presented by the methods known in the prior art, while providing a number of advantages that will be described below.
• the method of the present invention for cladding with tiles for floors, walls, ceilings and the like is of the type that consists in carrying out the following stages: a) taking high-precision measurements of the surface to be clad; b) drawing up a hand-drawn or computerised plan of the entire surface to be clad, based on the measurements taken; c) determining the size, shape, dimensions, orientation and position of at least each of the peripheral tiles that have to be cut; d) cutting the peripheral tiles, in accordance with a certain shape and dimensions, in a place other than the premises to be clad, and equipped for carrying out said cutting; e) transporting the tiles to the zone to be clad; and f) final laying of the tiles without need to cut any of them in situ.
• the method of the invention for cladding with tiles is thus based on a precise taking of measurements of the area to be clad in order to be able to cut beforehand all the tiles that in general so require, and particularly the peripheral tiles, at a fixed facility away from the premises and duly designed for the purpose and preferably automatic, thereby achieving better, ergonomic production conditions.
• a hand-drawn or computerised grid layout arrangement is made to represent the tiles as a whole on said plan, and a specific and unique position is assigned to each of the peripheral tiles unit-by-unit or by groups of identical tiles.
• the distribution diagram is drawn up with the help of a software application that optimises the position of the grid of tiles on the plan in order to minimise the number of tiles to be cut, of the tiles to be used, of the total length of tile to be cut and/or of materials and operating costs.
• stage c) the order of laying of the tiles is determined in order to facilitate and ensure the correct final finish.
• a guide-plan is printed to assist in proper and orderly laying.
• a referencing of the pertinent position and orientation of each of the cut tiles is carried out in order to facilitate their subsequent laying.
• the taking of measurements of stage a) is carried out using an automatic, semi-automatic or manual system of telemetry.
• a telemeter specially designed to scan the outline of door frames, said telemeter including a fixed guide upon which it can slide and rotate gradually, with said guide being arranged around the frame and preferably centred and at a certain distance from it, so that the position and orientation of the telemeter is known at all times as it moves on the guide .
• the fixed guide includes a circumferential profile.
• the taking of measurements of stage a) is carried out by means of an optical recognition system.
• the degree of precision in the taking of measurements must be of the order of a millimetre, whereas the current ways of taking measurements in the sector involve lower average degrees of precision.
• the drawing up of the plan of stage b) is carried out by means of a computerised system for processing the measurements taken in stage a) .
• stage d) of cutting is carried out on a numerically controlled precision cutting table, with or without referencing of each of the tiles processed.
• Figure 1 is a plan view of a dwelling whose floor is to be clad by means of the method of the invention, showing a skeleton plan of elements placed on the floor in order to proceed to take measurements;
• Figure 2 is a plan view of a first room in the dwelling, in which has been placed a telemeter that rotates about itself in order to carry out telemetric scanning of the room;
• Figure 3 is a plan view of the section of a door frame, where a telemeter has been placed that travels on a circumferential guide around it in order to carry out scanning of the frame profile;
• Figure 4 shows a plan of the room or hall, with the grid representing the tiles as a whole placed in non- optimised position, in that many tiles have to be cut;
• Figure 5 shows a plan of the room or hall, with the same grid as Figure 4 but arranged in an optimised manner
• Figure 6 shows a plan of the dwelling indicating the order of laying of the initial tiles in order to ensure from the outset a correct final finish.
• the measurements of the surface to be tiled are taken.
• the taking of measurements in this case has to be more precise than is usual in the sector, that is, of the order of a millimetre.
• a skeleton outline of square elements 2 is provided, all of them exactly the same and easy to combine with one another.
• Said elements 2 are located along the main axis of the dwelling 1, in the corridor 3 in this example, branching out perpendicularly therefrom with their corresponding axes towards each area to be measured (halls, bedrooms, etc) .
• the axes are then aligned properly by doubling the precision, with further elements 2 where necessary, especially on the perpendicular branchlines .
• the corresponding elements A to N (shown in grey in Figure 1) are then defined and placed on a virtual plane, from which the respective halls or simple spaces will be scanned. If so wished, all of these points, centres of the respective systems of polar coordinates, can also be located telemetrically by means of a triangulation procedure, in order to increase the precision.
• a polar telemeter 4 is then mounted successively on each of the predetermined elements A to N in order to take the measurements of the various spaces or room areas ( Figure 1 shows the telemeter on element M) , and the reference of the point is detected and fixed as described, or else triangulated with another element close to the central axis.
• the entire room space 5 is scanned degree by degree, from 0° to 360°, as can be appreciated from Figure 2, thus providing with high precision the real perimeter 6 of the space 5 that is being scanned.
• the data gathered is then entered into a suitable computer drawing program which interprets them and integrates them into the place that is being drawn.
• the telemeter 4 is taken down and set up in the following room space, and so on until the process has been completed. In less than three hours the entire dwelling 1 has been scanned and the plan completed.
• the doors are then taken off and all their frame outlines scanned in detail, placing them on the virtual general plan, whether by deduction, triangulation, or predetermination by means of the geometrical elements A to N of the position from which the scanning is carried out.
• Figure 3 shows a telemeter 4a that is specially designed to scan the outline of door frames 7.
• the telemeter 4a does not rotate about itself, but instead rotates about an axis located outside itself, preferably to the interior of the frame, and sliding in its turn through a fixed guide 8 of circumferential profile, said guide 8 being mounted around the frame 7 and at a certain distance from it, so that the telemeter allows the outline of the frame 7 to be measured as it is moving and rotating about said guide 8.
• Said Figure 3 also shows the corresponding tile 9 cut and placed as it would be left once laid later on.
• a manual or computerised layout arrangement is made of a grid 11 or network representing the tiles 9 as a whole on said plan 10, and a specific unique position is assigned for each one of the tiles 9.
• This layout arrangement can be made manually or with the help of a software application that optimises the position of the grid 11 of tiles 9 on the plan 10 in order to minimise the number of tiles to be cut 9a, of the tiles to be used 9,9a, of the total length of tile to be cut 9a and/or of the cost of materials and of the operation.
• Figure 4 shows said grid 11 arranged in a non- optimum position, since there are many peripheral tiles 9a (shown in grey) to be cut;
• Figure 5, shows the same grid 11, but set in a better position, with a substantial saving of tiles 9 to be used and f tiles 9a to be cut. This is followed by determining the size, shape, dimensions, orientation and position of at least each of the peripheral tiles 9a that have to be cut.
• Procedure can also be made to determine the order of laying of tiles 9 in order to facilitate and ensure a correct final finish.
• Figure 6 shows with numbers the order for laying of the initial tiles 9, such that in each room space at least one row of tiles 9 will be laid until a back wall is reached. As a result, at the time of laying, if these first tiles 9 have no error of final finish, the rest of the tiles are very unlikely to have any error either.
• the cutting of the peripheral tiles 9a will be carried out in accordance with the shape and dimensions that have been determined and in a place set up for the purpose and different from the dwelling 1 to be tiled, which place may be at the factory itself, at the warehouse of the distributor and/or in a vehicle set up for the purpose. This operation will be carried out on a numerically controlled precision cutting table, with or without referencing of each of the tiles processed.
• each of the cut tiles 9a it is preferable to carry out a referencing of the corresponding position and orientation of each of the cut tiles 9a in order to facilitate their subsequent laying. It is likewise advisable to reference all the other tiles 9 as well as the peripheral tiles 9a, also to make their laying easier.
• the tiles 9,9a are then transported to the dwelling in question, and finally they are laid, preferably in the pre-established order and without the need to cut any of them in situ.
• Allowance is also made for the possibility of selling the materials and the service in advance, preferably by telematic means.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=40750925

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2008
  • 2008-04-01 ES ES200800978A patent/ES2352022B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-03-27 WO PCT/IB2009/051285 patent/WO2009122332A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-03-27 EP EP09729058.9A patent/EP2279309B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2009-03-27 ES ES09729058T patent/ES2428099T3/es active Active

Patent Citations (2)

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