WO2009104419A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009104419A1 WO2009104419A1 PCT/JP2009/000746 JP2009000746W WO2009104419A1 WO 2009104419 A1 WO2009104419 A1 WO 2009104419A1 JP 2009000746 W JP2009000746 W JP 2009000746W WO 2009104419 A1 WO2009104419 A1 WO 2009104419A1
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- fuel cell
- electric heater
- power generation
- cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0822—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel the fuel containing hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0827—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system including a hydrogen generator having a combustor for supplying heat for a reforming reaction.
- a conventional fuel cell system includes a hydrogen generator 81 that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using a hydrogen-containing organic compound such as city gas as a raw material, and hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen generator 81. And a fuel cell 82 that generates electric power using the contained gas and the oxidant gas.
- This fuel cell system is usually configured to combust combustible anode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell 82 in a combustor and supply heat necessary for the reforming reaction to the hydrogen generator 81.
- a CO sensor 85 is usually used.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and in a form using an electric heater that heats a CO sensor provided in a combustion exhaust gas path of a combustor that burns anode off gas of a fuel cell, the power generation operation of the fuel cell
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of suppressing the condensation of the CO sensor in the inside as compared with the conventional case.
- the present inventors have found that even when the amount of flammable gas in the anode off-gas is large and the amount of water in the combustion exhaust gas is estimated to be large, the power generation amount of the fuel cell is high. It was found that when the amount is maintained at the high level, condensation is unlikely to occur, and condensation is likely to occur in the CO sensor in the process of increasing the power generation amount. This is because when the amount of power generated by the fuel cell is low, the amount of heat contained in the combustion exhaust gas is small, so the temperature of the CO sensor itself tends to decrease. When the temperature of this sensor is low, the amount of power generated by the fuel cell increases. It is presumed that the combustion exhaust gas having a high temperature and a high water vapor content comes into contact with the CO sensor and is likely to cause condensation.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention includes a hydrogen generator having a reformer that generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using a raw material, and the hydrogen A fuel cell that generates electricity using a hydrogen-containing gas supplied from a generator; a combustor that burns anode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell and heats the reformer; and the exhaust that is discharged from the combustor
- a CO detector for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in the combustion exhaust gas, an electric heater for heating the CO detector, and a controller, the controller responding to an increase in power generation amount of the fuel cell
- the electric heater is configured to increase the energization amount.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention further includes a power generation amount controller that controls an amount of electric power extracted from the fuel cell, and the controller controls the electric power when the power generation amount command value to the power generation amount controller increases. You may be comprised so that the energization amount to a heater may be raised.
- the controller is configured to increase the energization amount to the electric heater when the power consumption amount of the power load is larger than the power generation amount of the fuel cell. May be.
- the controller may be configured to increase an energization amount to the electric heater when the power generation amount of the fuel cell is increasing.
- increasing the amount of current supplied to the electric heater includes switching the operation of the electric heater from OFF to ON.
- the controller when the electric heater is turned on, the controller continues the ON state of the electric heater for a predetermined holding time regardless of the subsequent increase or decrease in the amount of power generated by the fuel cell.
- the electric heater may be controlled.
- This configuration reduces the number of times the electric heater is turned on and off, thereby improving the durability of the electric heater.
- an average energization amount of the electric heater during power generation operation of the fuel cell system may be lower than an average energization amount of the electric heater during start-up processing of the fuel cell system.
- an average energization amount of the electric heater during power generation operation of the fuel cell system may be lower than a maximum energization amount of the electric heater during start-up processing of the fuel cell system.
- the base energization amount of the electric heater before increasing the energization amount of the electric heater during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system is equal to the electric power during the start-up process of the fuel cell system. It may be lower than the base energization amount of the heater.
- the base energization amount of the electric heater before increasing the energization amount of the electric heater during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system may be zero.
- the controller may be configured to turn off the operation of the electric heater after continuing the ON state of the electric heater for the predetermined time.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention when the power generation amount of the fuel cell rises, moisture contained in the combustion exhaust gas is prevented from being condensed on the CO detector, and the combustor that heats the reformer It becomes possible to monitor combustion stability more stably.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing changes over time in the power generation amount of the fuel cell system and the ON operation of the electric heater in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of electric heater control of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing temporal changes in the amount of power generated by the fuel cell system and the ON operation of the electric heater according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of electric heater control of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing changes over time in the power generation amount of the fuel cell system and the ON operation of the electric heater in Embodiment 1 of the
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing changes over time in the amount of power generated by the fuel cell system and the ON operation of the electric heater according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of electric heater control of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional fuel cell system.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing changes over time in the amount of power generated by the fuel cell system and the ON operation of the electric heater according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing changes over time in the power generation amount of the fuel cell system of the modification and the ON operation of the electric heater.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the fuel cell system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 of Embodiment 1 uses a raw material supplied from a raw material supplier 12 and water supplied from a water supplier 13 to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by a steam reforming reaction.
- a hydrogen generator 1 having a reformer 1a to be generated; a fuel cell 2 that generates electricity using a hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator 1 and an oxidant gas supplied from an oxidant gas supply 14;
- a combustor 3 for combusting anode off-gas discharged from the battery 2 and supplying heat for the steam reforming reaction to the reformer 1a; a combustion exhaust gas path 4 through which combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustor 3 flows;
- the first heat exchanger 5 that condenses the moisture in the flue gas flowing through the flue gas path 4, the condensed water tank 6 that stores the condensed water condensed in the first heat exchanger 5, Removed combustion exhaust
- a CO detector 7 that detects the concentration of carbon monoxide contained in the fuel cell 2, an electric heater 8 that is provided in
- the cooling water path 9 through which the cooling water for cooling the water flows, the second heat exchanger 10 for recovering heat from the cooling water, and the hot water storage for storing the heat recovered by the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 10 as hot water A tank 11, a power generation controller 15 that controls the amount of power extracted from the fuel cell 2, a first current detector 16 installed between a connection point between the fuel cell 2 and the system power supply, and the system power supply, The second current detector 17 that detects the amount of current output from the power generation amount controller 15, the inflow destination of the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the hydrogen generator 1, the fuel cell 2, and a route that bypasses the fuel cell 2 A switch 18 for switching between and the fuel cell system 100 And a controller 19 for controlling the operation of each device.
- the hydrogen generator 1 is not limited to the reformer 1a, but also by a shifter (not shown) or an oxidation reaction for reducing carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 1a by a shift reaction. It has a CO remover (not shown) for reduction.
- the raw material supplier 12 supplies a hydrogen-containing organic compound such as city gas as a raw material to the hydrogen generator 1, and the power generation amount controller 15 is an inverter as an orthogonal converter that converts the direct current power of the fuel cell 2 into alternating current power.
- the controller 19 outputs a power generation amount command value to the power generation amount controller 15 so as to follow this power consumption based on the power consumption of the power load.
- the controller 19 controls ON / OFF of the operation of the electric heater 8 based on the power generation amount command value.
- a sheath heater or the like is used as the electric heater 8, and the installation mode of the electric heater 8 is not particularly limited as long as the CO detector 7 can be heated.
- FIG. 2 shows the change over time in the power consumption of the power load, the change over time in the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 2 in the fuel cell system 100 of the first embodiment, and the ON state of the electric heater 8 relative to the amount of power generated in the fuel cell 2. It is a figure which shows / OFF operation control.
- the fuel cell system 100 performs combustion discharged from the combustor 3 by turning on the operation of the electric heater 8 when the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is increased.
- the occurrence of condensation on the CO detector 7 is suppressed.
- Whether to increase the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is determined based on the power generation amount command value output from the controller 19 to the power generation amount controller 15. Further, once the electric heater 8 is turned on, the electric heater 8 is frequently turned on by continuing the ON operation for a predetermined holding time T1 regardless of the increase / decrease in the power generation amount command value of the fuel cell 2 thereafter. / OFF operation is suppressed, leading to suppression of deterioration of the electric heater 8.
- the controller 19 turns on the operation of the electric heater 8 to suppress the occurrence of condensation on the CO detector 7. Then, when the temperature raising step of the hydrogen generator 1 is completed and the carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the hydrogen generator 1 is sufficiently reduced, the controller 19 switches the switch 18, The inflow destination of the hydrogen-containing gas delivered from the hydrogen generator 1 is switched from the bypass path to the fuel cell 2 side, the startup process of the fuel cell system 100 is terminated, and the power generation operation of the fuel cell 2 is started.
- the power generation amount command value is output from the controller 19 to the power generation amount controller 15 every predetermined time.
- the previous power generation amount command value at the present time predetermined time. It is determined whether or not the amount of change with respect to the power generation amount command value is a positive value, that is, whether or not the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is increased by the controller 19 (step S31). When it is determined that the amount command value increases, the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on (step S32). If it is not determined that the power generation amount increases, the process returns to step S31 to determine whether the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is increased every predetermined time.
- step S33 when the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on, the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on (step S33) and then the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned off (step S33) until a predetermined holding time T1 elapses. S34).
- the process returns to step S31 and the above operations are repeated.
- the control of the ON / OFF operation of the electric heater 8 based on whether or not the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is increased has been described.
- the electric heater 8 is steadily turned on, and the electric heater is changed in accordance with the increase or decrease in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 (power generation amount command value or detection current value of the second current detector 17). You may comprise so that the energization amount to 8 may be increased / decreased.
- the CO detector 7 Since it is estimated that the temperature of the flue gas passing through the gas and the amount of water vapor increase, the amount of current supplied to the electric heater 8 is increased and the amount of heating of the electric heater 8 is increased. Further, when the power generation amount command value of the fuel cell 2 decreases, it is estimated that the temperature of the flue gas passing through the CO detector 7 and the amount of water vapor will decrease, so that the amount of current supplied to the electric heater 8 is decreased.
- the “energization amount” is the amount of power supplied to the electric heater 8 per unit time.
- the increase / decrease of the energization amount may be performed by increasing / decreasing the amount of heat generated by the electric heater 8. Therefore, a mode in which the voltage supplied to the electric heater 8 is continuously increased or decreased may be employed.
- a predetermined voltage pulse that periodically turns on and off may be applied to the electric heater 8 to increase or decrease the energization amount at a ratio of the ON time per cycle.
- the controller 19 controls the electric heater 8 to turn on the electric heater 8 for 100 milliseconds and to apply a voltage pulse having a one-second period to operate with the remaining 900 milliseconds OFF
- the ON time within the one-second period When the time is set to 50 milliseconds, the amount of energization can be reduced, and when the ON time within one second period is set to 150 milliseconds, the amount of energization can be increased.
- the controller 19 controls the electric heater 8 based on whether or not the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is increased.
- the controller 19 is not limited to this, and increases or decreases the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2.
- the control value of the physical quantity controlled accordingly for example, the control value of the raw material supply amount to the hydrogen generator 1, the control value of the water supply amount to the hydrogen generator 1, the air supply amount supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell 2)
- each detector (not shown) of a physical quantity controlled in accordance with increase or decrease in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 for example, detection for detecting the flow rate of the raw material supplied from the raw material supply device 12 to the hydrogen generator 1
- the electric heater 8 may be controlled based on detection values of a detector, a detector for the amount of water supplied to the hydrogen generator 1, a detector for the amount of air supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell 2, and the like.
- the controller 19 replaces the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 used in the first embodiment with the raw material flow rate, water flow rate or air flow rate detected by each detector, or the flow rate command to each supply unit.
- the electric heater 8 may be controlled based on the value.
- the controller 19 turns on the operation of the electric heater 8 when the raw material flow rate, the water flow rate or the air flow rate detected by each detector, or the flow rate command value to each feeder increases.
- a mode of increasing the energization amount of the electric heater 8 that is steadily turned on even during the power generation operation may be employed.
- “when the increase in the power generation amount of the fuel cell is started” defined in the present invention refers to a case where the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is increased, that is, directly or indirectly to the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2.
- the control value of the physical quantity that correlates with each other for example, the power generation amount command value, the control value of the raw material supply amount, the control value of the water supply amount, the control value of the air supply amount, etc.
- detection values of physical quantities that directly or indirectly correlate with the power generation amount for example, detection values of current amount, raw material flow rate, water flow rate, air flow rate, etc.
- step S31 when it is determined that the amount of change in the power generation amount command value of the fuel cell 2 is increased, the electric heater 8 is quickly turned on again, and the electric heater 8 has substantially continued for longer than the holding time T1. Is shown.
- the fuel cell system 100 suppresses the decrease in energy efficiency due to the power consumption of the electric heater 8, while the moisture contained in the anode off-gas of the fuel cell 2 is supplied to the CO detector 17. Condensation is suppressed, and the combustion stability of the combustor 3 can be monitored more stably. Moreover, once the electric heater 8 is turned on, the controller 19 controls the fuel cell 2 so that it continues for a predetermined holding time T1 regardless of the increase / decrease in the power generation amount command value of the fuel cell 2, thereby frequently turning on the electric heater 8. / OFF operation is suppressed, and deterioration of the electric heater 8 can be suppressed.
- the configuration of the fuel cell system 100 of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the ON / OFF control of the electric heater 8 by the controller 19 is different, so that point will be described in detail.
- FIG. 4 shows the change over time in the power consumption of the power load, the change over time in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 in the fuel cell system 100 of the second embodiment, and the ON of the electric heater 8 with respect to the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2. It is a figure which shows / OFF operation
- the power generation of the fuel cell 2 follows the power consumption of the electric load.
- the power generation amount command value of the fuel cell 2 output from the controller 19 is likely to increase, and the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on. That is, “when the increase in the power generation amount of the fuel cell is started” defined in the present invention includes a case where an increase in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is predicted. However, even if the power consumption of the power load is larger than the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2, if the difference is small, the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is not expected to increase continuously.
- ⁇ W1 which is the difference between the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 and the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2, is greater than or equal to a first threshold at which a continuous increase in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is expected. It is preferable to do.
- the controller 19 calculates the difference between the power consumption of the power load and the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2. It is determined whether or not a certain ⁇ W1 is 150 W or more (step S51).
- the power consumption of the power load is the sum of the power generation amount command value output by the controller 19 and the current value detected by the first current detector 16, and the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is the controller 19.
- the power consumption of the power load is calculated using the current value detected by the second current detector 17 provided in the electric path between the power generation amount controller 15 and the interconnection point instead of the power generation amount command value.
- the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 may be used.
- the first current detector 16 and the second current detector 17 constitute the load power detector of the present invention
- the second current detector 17 constitutes the power generation amount detector of the fuel cell of the present invention.
- step S51 when it is determined in step S51 that ⁇ W1 is 150 W or more, the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on (step S52). If it is determined in step S51 that ⁇ W1 is less than 150 W, the process returns to step S51, and it is determined every predetermined time whether ⁇ W1 is 150 W or more.
- step S53 when the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on, the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on (step S53) and then the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned off (step S53) until a predetermined holding time T1 elapses. S54).
- the process returns to step S51 and the above operations are repeated.
- the electric heater 8 is turned on / off based on whether or not the difference ⁇ W1 between the power consumption of the load power and the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is 150 W or more.
- the control of the operation has been described, like the fuel cell system 100 of the first embodiment, after the electric heater is once turned on, the subsequent power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 (power generation amount command value or second current detector)
- the amount of energization to the electric heater 8 may be increased / decreased according to the increase / decrease of the 17 detection currents).
- the fuel cell system 100 of the second embodiment controls the operation of the electric heater 8 to be turned on when it is assumed that the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 continuously increases and becomes high output. Therefore, in the case of the first embodiment in which the electric heater 8 is simply turned on when the power generation amount command value of the fuel cell 2 simply increases regardless of whether or not the output of the fuel cell is expected to increase continuously thereafter. In comparison, since the operation is performed only when the electric heater 8 needs to be turned on, the operation frequency of the electric heater 8 is reduced, leading to an increase in the efficiency of the fuel cell system 100 and an improvement in the durability of the electric heater 8.
- the configuration of the fuel cell system 100 of the third embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the ON / OFF control of the electric heater 8 by the controller 19 is different, so that point will be described in detail.
- FIG. 6 shows the change over time in the power consumption of the power load, the change over time in the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 2 in the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment, and the ON state of the electric heater 8 relative to the amount of power generated in the fuel cell 2. It is a figure which shows / OFF operation
- the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on when the increase amount ⁇ W2 of the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 within a predetermined time is equal to or greater than the second threshold value.
- the second threshold value is preferably a predetermined value that is equal to or less than the upper limit of the amount of increase in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 that does not cause condensation on the CO detector 7.
- the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is continuously increased not only when the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is continuously increased, but also within the predetermined time even if there is a slight increase or decrease within the predetermined time. In addition, the case where the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 tends to increase is also included.
- the controller 19 causes the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 to increase by ⁇ W2 within a predetermined time. Is determined to be 150 W or more (step S71).
- the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is detected by the power generation amount command value output by the controller 19 or the second current detector 17 provided on the electric path between the power generation amount controller 15 and the interconnection point. Current value is used.
- the controller 19 also serves as the power generation amount detector of the fuel cell 2 of the present invention, or the second current detector 17 constitutes the power generation amount detector of the fuel cell of the present invention.
- step S71 when it is determined in step S71 that ⁇ W2 is 150 W or more, the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on (step S72). If it is determined in step S71 that ⁇ W2 is less than 150 W, the process returns to step S71, and it is determined every predetermined time whether ⁇ W2 is 150 W or more.
- step S73 when the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on, the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on (step S73) and then the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned off (step S73) until a predetermined holding time T1 elapses. S74).
- the process returns to step S71 and the above operations are repeated.
- the ON / OFF operation of the electric heater 8 is performed based on whether or not the increase amount ⁇ W2 of the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 within a predetermined time is 150 W or more.
- the control has been described, like the fuel cell system 100 of the first embodiment, after the electric heater is once turned on, the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 thereafter (the power generation amount command value or the second current detector 17) You may comprise so that the energization amount to the electric heater 8 may be increased / decreased according to increase / decrease in detection electric current.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the third embodiment described above it is possible to further suppress a decrease in energy efficiency due to power consumption of the electric heater 8 as compared with the fuel cell system 100 of the second embodiment. That is, since the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment controls that the operation of the electric heater 8 is turned on after confirming that the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 has continuously increased, The electric heater is operated only when the electric heater 8 needs to be turned on as compared with the second embodiment in which the electric heater 8 is turned on simply because an increase in the output of the fuel cell 2 is expected. The useless ON operation of 8 is reduced, leading to an increase in the efficiency of the fuel cell system 100 and an improvement in the durability of the electric heater 8.
- ⁇ W1 is the first value.
- the electric heater 8 will not be turned on as soon as it does not exceed the threshold value, and the condensation to the CO detector 17 may not be prevented.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the third embodiment does not use the actual fuel. Since the ON / OFF operation of the electric heater 8 is controlled based on the power generation amount of the battery 2, it is possible to more reliably suppress the condensation on the CO detector 17.
- the operation control of the electric heater 8 includes both the operation control of the electric heater in the fuel cell system 100 of the second embodiment and the operation control of the electric heater 8 of the fuel cell system 100 of the present embodiment. 100 may be configured.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the fourth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the first embodiment, and the controller 19 determines the average energization amount to the electric heater 8 during the power generation process of the fuel cell system 100 during the startup process. Control is performed so as to reduce the average amount of electricity supplied to the electric heater 8.
- the temperature of each device such as the CO detector 7 is lower than that during the power generation operation, and the operation of the fuel cell system 100 is stopped and the next start-up process is started.
- the temperature may be reduced to about the outside temperature. For this reason, when the fuel cell system 100 is started, dew condensation is likely to occur in the CO detector 7, so it is necessary to heat the CO detector 7 with the electric heater 8.
- the startup process is performed in order to suppress condensation on the CO detector 7.
- the electric heater 8 starts up the average energization amount to the electric heater 8 during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 by the controller 19. Control is performed to reduce the average energization amount during processing.
- FIG. 9 shows the change over time in the power consumption of the power load, the change over time in the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 2 in the fuel cell system 100 according to the fourth embodiment, and the startup process of the fuel cell system 100. It is a figure which shows operation
- the controller 19 has a unit time to the electric heater 8 during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 rather than an average energization (ON operation) time per unit time of the electric heater 8 during the startup process of the fuel cell system 100.
- the average energization amount to the electric heater 8 during the start-up process of the fuel cell system 100 is larger than during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100. Control is performed such that the average energization amount to the electric heater 8 is lower.
- the fuel cell system 100 starts the ON operation of the electric heater 8 with the start of the start-up process, the temperature raising process of the hydrogen generator 1 is completed during the start-up process, and the switch 10 is switched to switch the fuel cell. Until the hydrogen-containing gas 2 can be supplied, the ON operation of the electric heater 8 is continued.
- the electric heater 8 is appropriately turned on for a predetermined holding time T1.
- the controller 19 uses the average energization amount to the electric heater 8 during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 rather than the average energization amount to the electric heater 8 during the startup process of the fuel cell system 100.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the average energization to the electric heater 8 during the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 100 is larger than the maximum energization amount to the electric heater 8 during the startup process of the fuel cell system 100.
- the amount may be controlled to be lower.
- FIG. 10 shows the change over time in the power consumption of the power load, the change over time in the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 2 in the fuel cell system 100 according to the variation, the electric heater 8 during the start-up process of the fuel cell system 100 and during the power generation operation. It is a figure which shows this operation control and the amount of electricity supply to the electric heater 8.
- the controller 19 controls not only the ON / OFF operation but also the energization amount during the ON operation as the operation control of the electric heater 8. It is configured to be possible. As shown in FIG. 10, unlike the fourth embodiment, the electric heater 8 is turned on during the power generation operation not only when the increase in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 is started but also in other states. The However, the energization amount to the electric heater 8 except when the increase in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 is started is a constant energization smaller than the energization amount when the increase in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 1 is started. It is controlled by the amount (W2).
- a constant energization amount other than when the increase in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is started is referred to as a first base energization amount.
- the controller 10 in the start-up process of the fuel cell system 100, the controller 10 is configured to control the operation of the electric heater 8 so that the second base energization amount W1 is larger than the first base energization amount W2.
- the energization of the electric heater 8 is started when the increase in the power generation amount of the fuel cell 2 is started as in the first or second embodiment.
- the form which performs the control which increases quantity is employ
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention when the power generation amount of the fuel cell increases, the dew condensation on the CO detector of moisture contained in the combustion exhaust gas is suppressed, and the combustion stability of the combustor is more stably monitored. Therefore, it is useful as a fuel cell system for home use.
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Abstract
Description
2 燃料電池
3 燃焼器
4 燃焼排ガス経路
5 第1熱交換器
6 凝縮水タンク
7 CO検知器
8 電気ヒーター
9 冷却水経路
10 第2熱交換器
11 貯湯槽
12 原料供給器
13 水供給器
14 酸化剤ガス供給器
15 発電量制御器
16 第1電流検知器
17 第2電流検知器
18 切替器
19 制御器
81 水素生成装置
82 燃料電池
83 燃焼器
84 排水部
85 COセンサ
100 燃料電池システム
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における燃料電池システムの構成の概略を示す図である。
次に、本発明の実施の形態2における燃料電池システムについて説明する。
次に、本発明の実施の形態3における燃料電池システムについて説明する。
次に、本発明の実施の形態4における燃料電池システムについて説明する。
(変形例)
図10は、電力負荷の消費電力の経時変化と、それに対する変形例の燃料電池システム100における燃料電池2の発電量の経時変化、燃料電池システム100の起動処理中及び発電運転中における電気ヒーター8の動作制御、及び電気ヒーター8への通電量を示す図である。
Claims (12)
- 原料を用いて改質反応により水素含有ガスを生成する改質器を有する水素生成装置と、
前記水素生成装置から供給される水素含有ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池より排出されるアノードオフガスを燃焼し、前記改質器を加熱する燃焼器と、
前記燃焼器から排出された前記燃焼排ガス中の一酸化炭素濃度を検知するCO検知器と、
前記CO検知器を加熱する電気ヒーターと、
制御器と、を備え、
前記制御器は、前記燃料電池の発電量の上昇に応じて、前記電気ヒーターの通電量を上昇させるように構成されている、燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池の発電量の上昇が開始する場合、前記制御器は、前記発電量制御器への発電量指令値が上昇した場合、前記電気ヒーターへの通電量を上昇させるように構成されている、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池より取り出す電力量を制御する発電量制御器を備え、
前記制御器は、前記発電量制御器への発電量指令値が上昇した場合、前記電気ヒーターへの通電量を上昇させるように構成されている、請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記燃料電池の発電量よりも電力負荷の消費電力量の方が多い場合、前記電気ヒーターへの通電量を上昇させるように構成されている、請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御器は、前記燃料電池の発電量が上昇している場合、前記電気ヒーターへの通電量を上昇させるように構成されている、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記電気ヒーターへの通電量を上昇させるとは、前記電気ヒーターの動作をOFFからONに切替ることを含む、請求項1~5に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御器は、前記電気ヒーターをONした場合、その後の前記燃料電池の発電量の増減に拘らず所定の保持時間前記電気ヒーターのON状態を継続するように前記電気ヒーターを制御する、請求項6に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池システムの発電運転時における前記電気ヒーターの平均通電量が、前記燃料電池システムの起動処理時における前記電気ヒーターの平均通電量よりも低い、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池システムの発電運転時における前記電気ヒーターの平均通電量が、前記燃料電池システムの起動処理時における前記電気ヒーターの最大通電量よりも低い、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池システムの発電運転時における前記電気ヒーターの通電量を上昇させる前の前記電気ヒーターのベース通電量が、前記燃料電池システムの起動処理時における前記電気ヒーターのベース通電量よりも低い、請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃料電池システムの発電運転時における前記電気ヒーターの通電量を上昇させる前の前記電気ヒーターのベース通電量が0である、請求項10に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御器は、前記電気ヒーターのON状態を前記所定の保持時間継続した後、前記電気ヒーターの動作をOFFにするように構成されている、請求項7に記載の燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP09711716A EP2254184A1 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | Fuel cell system |
JP2009525847A JP4383528B2 (ja) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | 燃料電池システム |
CN2009800002659A CN101682067B (zh) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | 燃料电池系统 |
US12/594,991 US8367264B2 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | Fuel cell system with co detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2008038238 | 2008-02-20 | ||
JP2008-038238 | 2008-02-20 |
Publications (1)
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WO2009104419A1 true WO2009104419A1 (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
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PCT/JP2009/000746 WO2009104419A1 (ja) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-02-20 | 燃料電池システム |
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US (1) | US8367264B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2254184A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4383528B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101682067B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2009104419A1 (ja) |
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CA2734712A1 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-09-30 | Panasonic Corporation | Energy supply system |
KR101199133B1 (ko) | 2009-11-18 | 2012-11-09 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료전지 시스템 및 그 운전 방법 |
DE102014217780A1 (de) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum prädiktiven Betrieb einer Brennstoffzelle bzw. eines Hochvoltspeichers |
US20170283154A1 (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-05 | Altria Client Services Llc | Refill container for refillable electronic vaping devices |
Citations (3)
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JPH0835655A (ja) | 1994-07-22 | 1996-02-06 | Gastar Corp | 燃焼装置 |
JP2006213567A (ja) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 水素生成器 |
JP2006213566A (ja) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 水素生成器 |
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JP2003028418A (ja) | 2001-07-11 | 2003-01-29 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Coセンサ付き給湯機 |
JP2003214995A (ja) | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 一酸化炭素濃度測定装置及び燃料改質システム |
GB2387230B (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2005-12-21 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | Prismatic ceramic heater for heating gas sensor element, prismatic gas sensor element in multi-layered structure including the prismatic ceramic heater, |
WO2003074997A2 (en) * | 2002-02-28 | 2003-09-12 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Detection of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-based gas streams |
KR20070103738A (ko) * | 2005-02-18 | 2007-10-24 | 마츠시타 덴끼 산교 가부시키가이샤 | 연료 전지 시스템 |
-
2009
- 2009-02-20 US US12/594,991 patent/US8367264B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-20 JP JP2009525847A patent/JP4383528B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-20 CN CN2009800002659A patent/CN101682067B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-20 EP EP09711716A patent/EP2254184A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-02-20 WO PCT/JP2009/000746 patent/WO2009104419A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0835655A (ja) | 1994-07-22 | 1996-02-06 | Gastar Corp | 燃焼装置 |
JP2006213567A (ja) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 水素生成器 |
JP2006213566A (ja) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 水素生成器 |
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EP2254184A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
CN101682067A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
JP4383528B2 (ja) | 2009-12-16 |
JPWO2009104419A1 (ja) | 2011-06-23 |
US20100081021A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
US8367264B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 |
CN101682067B (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
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