Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
  • H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
  • C01G51/04—Oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
  • C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
  • C01G53/04—Oxides
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
  • H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
  • H01M4/32—Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/362—Composites
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
  • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
  • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
  • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
  • C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
  • C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
  • C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• Figure 5A to 5C are discharge capacity plots for Cells A to F.
• Figure 6 is a chart showing high rate cycling of treated and untreated cells.
• the positive electrode formulation may include nickel oxide particles and highly oxidized cobalt.
• the nickel oxide particle and the highly oxidized cobalt may be formed on the same particle, e.g., through a co- precipitation process or precipitating the cobalt onto nickel oxide particles.
• the highly oxidized cobalt may be coated on the nickel oxide surface or be embedded in the nickel oxide matrix.
• the nickel oxide matrix may include about 2% cobalt by weight, up to 10% cobalt by weight or about 2-4% cobalt by weight.
• the surface cobalt may be about 1% to 6%, greater than about 2%, about 4%, or greater than 6% by weight.
• the electrolyte soak time is time between the filling of the cells with electrolyte and the application of the first charging current. Using the cobalt- stabilized nickel material the time may be extended from about 1 hour to 24 hours without detrimental effect. This electrolyte soak time is important to the manufacturing process flow. Having a larger time window between the filling of the cells and the application of the first charging current increases work flow flexibility and reduces performance variations of cells processed in different batches having slightly different electrolyte soak times. In battery packs, the charge/discharge performance of the entire pack is strongly dependent on the worst performing cell. Thus cells having similar performances are grouped for a battery pack to maximize performance for the entire pack. Increasing this process time window reduces the variability of cells and increases the ease of this grouping.
• the electrolyte composition is 76Og H 2 O, 122Og 45% potassium hydroxide solution, 84.7g sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 - 12H 2 O), 59g Sodium hydroxide, 16.8g Lithium hydroxide, 3.2g Zinc oxide (ZnO).
• the nickel hydroxide particle contains 4wt.% zinc and 1.5wt.% cobalt in lattice.
• the cobalt-coated nickel hydroxide contains 3% cobalt on the surface of the nickel hydroxide.
• the nickel-zinc sub-C size cell was made according to following processes.
• the nickel hydroxide powder was treated using persulfate in alkaline solution.
• the positive electrode was pasted using 4wt.% cobalt powder, 9wt.% nickel powder, 0.4wt.% CMC and 0.2wt.%PTFE. Note that the nickel hydroxide powder includes some cobalt in lattice.
• the "soak" time was 1 hour.
• the sodium persulfate is used as the oxidation agent.
• the operation temperature is 40 0 C.
• the mixing time is 2hrs.
• the battery cells can have any of a number of different shapes and sizes.
• cylindrical cells may have the diameter and length of conventional AAA cells, AA cells, A cells, C cells, etc.
• Custom cell designs are appropriate in some applications.
• the cell size is a sub-C cell size of diameter 22 mm and length 43 mm.
• the present invention also may be employed in relatively small prismatic cell formats, as well as various larger format cells employed for various non-portable applications.
• the profile of a battery pack for, e.g., a power tool or lawn tool will dictate the size and shape of the battery cells.
• This invention also pertains to battery packs including one or more nickel zinc battery cells and appropriate casing, contacts, and conductive lines to permit charge and discharge in an electric device.
• the electrochemically active zinc source may comprise one or more of the following components: zinc oxide, calcium zincate, zinc metal, and various zinc alloys. Any of these materials may be provided during fabrication and/or be created during normal cell cycling.
• calcium zincate which may be produced from a paste or slurry containing, e.g., calcium oxide and zinc oxide.
• a zinc alloy may in certain embodiments include bismuth and/or indium. In certain embodiments, it may include up to about 20 parts per million lead.
• a commercially available source of zinc alloy meeting this composition requirement is PGlOl provided by Noranda Corporation of Canada.
• the zinc active material may exist in the form of a powder, a granular composition, etc.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (2)

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Citations (4)

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• 2009
  • 2009-02-04 US US12/365,658 patent/US8043748B2/en active Active
  • 2009-02-05 JP JP2010546004A patent/JP5719175B2/ja active Active
  • 2009-02-05 CN CN200980104394.2A patent/CN101939863B/zh active Active
  • 2009-02-05 WO PCT/US2009/033265 patent/WO2009100248A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2009-02-05 EP EP09708105A patent/EP2250691A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-02-05 KR KR1020107017542A patent/KR20100114516A/ko not_active Ceased
• 2011
  • 2011-09-30 US US13/250,217 patent/US20120018669A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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