WO2009096582A1 - 配線、及び、複合配線 - Google Patents
配線、及び、複合配線 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009096582A1 WO2009096582A1 PCT/JP2009/051729 JP2009051729W WO2009096582A1 WO 2009096582 A1 WO2009096582 A1 WO 2009096582A1 JP 2009051729 W JP2009051729 W JP 2009051729W WO 2009096582 A1 WO2009096582 A1 WO 2009096582A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wiring suitable for transmitting a high frequency signal in the gigahertz band and a composite wiring.
- the attenuation of the signal due to the evanescent wave is comparable to the attenuation due to the DC resistance (R 0 ) and the dielectric loss (G 0 ). Furthermore, when a signal is transmitted through this transmission line, there is crosstalk in which electromagnetic waves from the outside are mixed in the signal transmission line.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for avoiding crosstalk by modifying the structure of a transistor included in a memory circuit connected to a transmission line.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for preventing signal attenuation due to an evanescent wave by shielding a transmission line.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a wiring and a composite wiring suitable for transmitting a high-frequency signal in the gigahertz band.
- the wiring according to the first aspect of the present invention provides: Wiring for transmitting signals in the gigahertz band, A pair of cords twisted together, A pair of first insulating covering materials covering each of the core wires; A second insulating coating covering the pair of first insulating coatings; A shielding material that covers the second insulating covering material and contains an evanescent wave radiated from the pair of core wires;
- the pair of core wires is a twisted wire having a characteristic impedance of the wiring of 100 ⁇ to 200 ⁇ and matching the phase of a TEM (Transverse Electro-Magnetic) wave and an evanescent wave radiated from the pair of core wires. Having a matching pitch, diameter, and spacing; Wiring characterized by that.
- the twisting pitch of the core wires may be set so that the effective length of the TEM wave is ⁇ 2 times the line length of the pair of core wires.
- twisting pitch of the core wires is 10.3 mm.
- the diameter of the core wire is 0.3 mm.
- the distance between the core wires is 1.36 mm.
- the composite wiring according to the second aspect of the present invention provides: A plurality of the wirings are provided.
- a high frequency signal in a gigahertz band can be transmitted.
- (A) is the schematic which showed only a pair of core wire in the twisted pair cable which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
- B) is a figure which shows the cross section of a twisted pair cable.
- (A) is a figure explaining generation
- (B) is the figure seen from the side of (a).
- (A) is a figure explaining the transmission process of the TEM wave and evanescent wave in the conventional cable.
- (B) is a figure explaining the transmission process of the TEM wave and evanescent wave in the twisted pair cable which concerns on this embodiment.
- A) is a figure explaining the relationship between the input waveform and reception waveform in the conventional cable.
- (B) is a figure explaining the relationship between the input waveform and reception waveform in the twisted pair cable which concerns on this embodiment.
- a wiring (twisted pair cable) 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the twisted pair cable 10 includes a core wire 11, a first covering material 12, a second covering material 13, a shield material 14, And an outer skin material 15.
- the characteristic impedance of the twisted pair cable 10 is formed to be about 135 ⁇ or more, preferably 200 ⁇ .
- the core wire 11 is made of an electrically conductive material such as copper, for example, and is formed in a twisted shape in which two wires are twisted together.
- the diameter D1 of the core wire 11 is about 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, preferably 0.3 mm.
- the pitch D2 of the core wire 11 is about 9 mm to 11 mm, preferably 10.3 mm.
- the distance D3 between the two core wires 11 is about 1.2 mm to 1.4 mm, preferably 1.36 mm.
- the pitch D2 of the core wire 11 is 10.3 mm ⁇ 0.4 mm.
- the length of the twisted pair cable 10 is 200 m or more, it is preferable that the length is 10.3 mm ⁇ 0.2 mm.
- the first covering material 12 is made of, for example, an insulating material such as polyvinyl chloride, fluororesin, or Teflon (registered trademark), covers the two core wires 11, and separates the two core wires from each other. Formed.
- the first covering material 12 is preferably a material having a dielectric constant of 3 or less and a low transmission loss due to the dielectric.
- the characteristic impedance of the twisted pair cable 10 can be increased by changing the thickness (wall thickness) of the first covering material 12 to widen the distance D3 between the core wires 11.
- the second covering material 13 is made of an insulating material like the first covering material 12 and is formed so as to cover the first covering material 12 covering the core wire 11. Due to the insulation by the second covering material 13, the twisted pair cable 10 can maintain the TEM mode transmission described later. In addition, the characteristic impedance can be increased by adjusting the distance D3 between the core wires only by the second covering material 13 without forming the first covering material 12. In addition, although the 2nd coating
- the shield material 14 is made of, for example, a metal material that shields electromagnetic waves such as copper, and is formed so as to cover the second covering material 13.
- the shield material 14 shields the evanescent wave radiated from the core wire 11, thereby confining the energy of the evanescent wave in the shield material 14 and reducing transmission loss.
- the thickness (thickness) of the shielding material 14 is arbitrary as long as the evanescent wave can be shielded.
- the outer skin material 15 is made of, for example, a flexible insulating material such as rubber or glass fiber, and is formed to cover and protect the shield material 14 or the like.
- the thickness (wall thickness) of the outer skin material 15 is arbitrary.
- the outer skin material 15 can be formed in a shape that seals the shield material 14 and the like in order to prevent water, oil, and the like from entering the outer skin material 15.
- the TEM wave travels at the speed of light simultaneously in the signal traveling direction and the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction, so that the TEM wave has a cone shape (conical shape) having a solid angle of 45 degrees as shown in FIG. Occurs and progresses. Further, since the TEM wave is constantly generated from the signal traveling path, a subsequent wave of the TEM wave is also generated. In the present embodiment, since the signal traveling path is the core wire 11, the TEM wave is generated from the core wire 11.
- the evanescent wave is generated when the phases of the TEM wave and the subsequent wave of the TEM wave are shifted and interfere with each other.
- the evanescent wave is generated in a direction orthogonal to the TEM wave. That is, the evanescent wave is radiated in the air at a solid angle of 45 degrees with respect to the traveling direction of the signal. Since evanescent waves are generated one after another in the process of traveling TEM waves, the accumulated energy of the evanescent waves cannot be ignored compared to the attenuation of the signal being transmitted.
- the evanescent wave is amplified when the coupling of the core wire 11 is weakened.
- FIG. 3 shows the progress of TEM waves and evanescent waves in a normal twisted pair cable (for example, a 0.5 mm ⁇ copper wire LAN cable of category 6) which is a transmission path and the twisted pair cable 10 of the present embodiment.
- the core wire 11 is simply shown as a parallel line.
- the dielectric constant around the pair transmission line is uniform. Therefore, the generated electromagnetic field is formed in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the transmission wave. In this case, since the spread of the electromagnetic field does not collapse, the transmission wave travels at the speed of light. This state is called TEM mode transmission.
- the TEM wave travels along the core 11 as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
- the evanescent wave radiated hollowly at a solid angle of 45 degrees with respect to the traveling direction of the TEM wave travels while being repeatedly reflected by 45 degrees by the shielding effect.
- the characteristic impedance of a normal twisted pair cable is 100 ⁇ or less, and the coupling between the core wires 11 becomes strong. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 3A, the evanescent wave is weakened. Moreover, since the 2nd coating
- the characteristic impedance of the twisted pair cable 10 of the present embodiment is 135 ⁇ or more, and the coupling between the core wires 11 is weakened. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B, the evanescent wave is strengthened.
- the twisted pair cable 10 includes the second covering material 13, TEM mode transmission is performed. In TEM mode transmission, the phases are matched by matching the effective lengths of the TEM wave and the evanescent wave.
- the waveform of the evanescent wave changes at the receiving end depending on whether or not the phase of the evanescent wave matches that of the TEM wave.
- the time at which the TEM wave reaches the receiving end is T1
- the time at which the slowest evanescent wave generated at the starting end of the transmission line reaches the receiving end is T2max
- the voltage at the receiving end of the evanescent wave Is V2.
- the accumulated voltage of the evanescent wave is V2 / (T2max ⁇ T1). Accordingly, when T2max comes after the falling timing of the next input waveform (input signal), the evanescent wave becomes a noise source.
- the combined wave is a combination of a TEM wave and an evanescent wave, the attenuation of the combined wave is small when the attenuation of the evanescent wave is small.
- the reception waveform of the evanescent wave generated in the normal twisted pair cable is not accumulated (superimposed) because there is no shielding effect, and is observed as a low rectangular wave at the receiving end. For this reason, the combined waveform of the TEM wave and the evanescent wave is also an attenuated waveform.
- the evanescent wave generated in the twisted pair cable 10 of this embodiment is compared with a normal twisted pair cable due to the shielding effect by the shielding material 14 and the phase matching with the TEM wave, as shown in FIG. Less attenuation. That is, the received waveform of the evanescent wave is accumulated in the course of the transmission path and rises up with little attenuation. For this reason, there is little attenuation of a synthetic wave.
- L L 0 (1+ (1 / D2) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ D3) (1)
- the unit of length is m (meters).
- the line length (cable length) L 0 100 m
- the core wire diameter D1 0.5 mm
- the core wire pitch D2 8.25 mm to 12.85 mm
- the core wire spacing D3 1 mm.
- the effective length L of the TEM wave is 124.4 m to 138 m.
- the line length (cable length) L 0 100 m
- the diameter D1 of the core wire 11 0.3 mm
- the pitch D2 of the core wire 11 10.3 mm
- the effective lengths of the TEM wave and the evanescent wave coincide with each other, so that the phases match. Further, since the effective lengths of the TEM wave and the evanescent wave match, the transmission times also match. Therefore, in the twisted pair cable 10 of the present embodiment, the evanescent wave does not become noise.
- one clock is 1 ns when a 1 GHz signal is transmitted.
- the pitch D2 of the core wire needs to be 10.3 mm ⁇ 0.4 mm.
- D2 10.3 mm ⁇ 0.2 mm.
- the attenuation of the evanescent wave is prevented by the shielding effect, and the attenuation of the transmission is reduced by matching the phase of the TEM wave and the evanescent wave to transmit the high frequency signal in the gigahertz band. be able to.
- the characteristic impedance of the twisted pair cable 10 can be formed to about 200 ⁇ , the diameter D1 and the like of the core wire 11 may be arbitrarily changed.
- the characteristic impedance of the twisted pair cable 10 may be 200 ⁇ or more.
- a buffer material for softening the buffer from an external force may be provided on the inner side or the outer side of the outer skin material 15.
Abstract
Description
しかし、伝送線路には直流抵抗(R0)や誘電損失(G0)が存在するため、伝送中の信号は減衰する。特にギガヘルツ帯の高周波信号を伝送する場合には、直流抵抗(R0)と誘電損失(G0)とを合成した特性インピーダンス(Z0)は周波数特性を持つため、信号は大きく減衰する。
また、高周波信号の伝送線路において電磁波伝送状態を精査すると、エバーネッセント波(Evanescent Wave)としてサイドローブ的な電磁放射が認められる。よって、100m以上の伝送線路になると、このエバーネッセント波による信号の減衰は直流抵抗(R0)や誘電損失(G0)による減衰と同程度となる。
さらに、この伝送線路で信号を伝送する場合、当該信号伝送線路に外部からの電磁波が混入するクロストークが存在する。
また、特許文献2は、伝送線路をシールドすることにより、エバーネッセント波による信号の減衰を防ぐ技術を開示している。
ギガヘルツ帯の信号を伝送する配線であって、
互いに撚り合わされた一対の心線と、
各前記心線を被覆する一対の第1の絶縁性被覆材と、
前記一対の第1の絶縁性被覆材を被覆する第2の絶縁性被覆材と、
前記第2の絶縁性被覆材を覆い、前記一対の心線から放射されるエバーネッセント波を封じ込めるシールド材と、を備え、
前記一対の心線は、この配線の特性インピーダンスを100Ωから200Ωとし、かつ、前記一対の心線から放射されるTEM(Transverse Electro-Magnetic)波とエバーネッセント波との位相を整合させる、撚り合わせピッチと、直径と、間隔とを有する、
ことを特徴とする配線。
前記配線を複数備えることを特徴とする。
11 心線
12 第1の被覆材
13 第2の被覆材
14 シールド材
15 外皮材
なお、ツイストペアケーブル10の長さが100m程度の場合には、心線11のピッチD2は10.3mm±0.4mmとすることが好ましい。また、ツイストペアケーブル10の長さが200m以上の場合には、10.3mm±0.2mmとすることが好ましい。
一方、TEM波の進行方向に対して立体角45度で中空に放射されたエバーネッセント波は、シールド効果によって45度反射を繰り返しながら進行する。
一方、エバーネッセント波はTEM波と位相が整合するか否かにより、受信端での波形は変化する。TEM波が受信端に到達する時刻をT1とし、伝送線路の出発端で発生した最も到達の遅いエバーネッセント波が受信端に到達する時刻をT2maxとし、エバーネッセント波の受信端での電圧をV2とする。エバーネッセント波の累積電圧は、V2/(T2max-T1)となる。従って、T2maxが次の入力波形(入力信号)の立ち下がりのタイミング以降となると、エバーネッセント波は雑音源となる。
合成波は、TEM波とエバーネッセント波との合成であるため、エバーネッセント波の減衰が少ない場合には、合成波の減衰も少なくなる。
L=L0(1+(1/D2)×π×D3) (1)
ただし、長さの単位はm(メートル)とする。
つまり、ギガヘルツ帯の高周波信号を伝送する場合には、100ps程度以内のスキューが問題となるため、通常のツイストペアケーブルではエバーネッセント波がノイズとなる。
また、TEM波とエバーネッセント波の実効長が一致するため、伝送時間も一致する。従って、本実施形態のツイストペアケーブル10では、エバーネッセント波がノイズとなることはない。
Claims (7)
- ギガヘルツ帯の信号を伝送する配線であって、
互いに撚り合わされた一対の心線と、
各前記心線を被覆する一対の第1の絶縁性被覆材と、
前記一対の第1の絶縁性被覆材を被覆する第2の絶縁性被覆材と、
前記第2の絶縁性被覆材を覆い、前記一対の心線から放射されるエバーネッセント波を封じ込めるシールド材と、を備え、
前記一対の心線は、この配線の特性インピーダンスを100Ωから200Ωとし、かつ、前記一対の心線から放射されるTEM(Transverse Electro-Magnetic)波とエバーネッセント波との位相を整合させる、撚り合わせピッチと、直径と、間隔とを有する、
ことを特徴とする配線。 - 前記心線の撚り合わせピッチは、前記TEM波の実効長が前記一対の心線の線路長の√2倍となるように設定されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の配線。 - 前記心線の撚り合わせピッチが10.3mmである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の配線。 - 前記心線の直径が0.3mmである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の配線。 - 前記心線の間隔が1.36mmである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の配線。 - 前記シールド材の外側に、外力からの緩衝を和らげるための緩衝材を備える、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の配線。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の配線を複数備えることを特徴とする複合配線。
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CN200980103717.6A CN101952905B (zh) | 2008-01-31 | 2009-02-02 | 布线以及复合布线 |
US12/865,555 US20110042120A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 | 2009-02-02 | Wiring and composite wiring |
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JP2008020869A JP4722950B2 (ja) | 2008-01-31 | 2008-01-31 | 配線 |
JP2008-020869 | 2008-01-31 |
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US20110042120A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
JP2009181855A (ja) | 2009-08-13 |
JP4722950B2 (ja) | 2011-07-13 |
CN101952905A (zh) | 2011-01-19 |
CN101952905B (zh) | 2013-01-23 |
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