CN101952905A - 布线以及复合布线 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供一种传输吉赫频带的信号的布线(双扭线电缆)(10),该布线(10)具备:相互扭绞的一对芯线(11);第一绝缘性覆盖构件(12);第二绝缘性覆盖构件(13);以及屏蔽构件(14),其将从上述一对芯线(11)放射出的倏逝波封闭在该屏蔽构件(14)内,上述一对芯线(11)具有使该布线(10)的特性阻抗为100Ω至200Ω并且使从上述一对芯线放射出的TEM波与倏逝波的相位一致的扭绞间距、直径以及间隔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适合传输吉赫频带的高频信号的布线以及复合布线。
背景技术
作为TEM波(Transverse Electro-Magnetic Wave:横向电磁波)的传输线路,已知同轴线路、双扭线线路等。
但是,在传输线路中存在直流电阻(R0)、介电损耗(G0),因此信号在传输中会衰减。特别是在传输吉赫频带的高频信号的情况下,直流电阻(R0)和介电损耗(G0)合成而产生的特性阻抗(Z0)具有频率特性,因此信号会大幅衰减。
另外,当仔细研究高频信号在传输线路中的电磁波传输状态时,关于倏逝波(Evanescent Wave)发现存在旁瓣的电磁放射。由此,当传输线路为100m以上时,由该倏逝波导致的信号衰减与由直流电阻(R0)和介电损耗(G0)引起的衰减程度相同。
并且,在利用该传输线路来传输信号的情况下,在该信号传输线路中存在从外部混入电磁波产生的串扰。
因此,在专利文献1中公开了一种技术,该技术通过改变与传输线路相连接的存储电路所具备的晶体管的结构来避免串扰。
另外,在专利文献2中公开了一种技术,该技术通过屏蔽传输线路来防止由倏逝波引起的信号衰减。
专利文献1:日本特开2003-224462号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2005-244733号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,在专利文献1和专利文献2所公开的结构中,TEM波与倏逝波这两个波的传输时间错开,因此有可能使信号分辨率恶化。因而,希望得到适合传输吉赫频带的高频信号的布线。
本发明是鉴于上述问题而完成的,其目的在于提供一种适合传输吉赫频带的高频信号的布线以及复合布线。
用于解决问题的方案
为了达到上述目的,本发明的第一观点所涉及的布线传输吉赫频带的信号,其特征在于,具备:相互扭绞的一对芯线;一对第一绝缘性覆盖构件,其覆盖各上述芯线;第二绝缘性覆盖构件,其覆盖上述一对第一绝缘性覆盖构件;以及屏蔽构件,其覆盖上述第二绝缘性覆盖构件,将从上述一对芯线放射出的倏逝波封闭在该屏蔽构件内,其中,上述一对芯线具有使该布线的特性阻抗为100Ω至200Ω并且使从上述一对芯线放射出的横向电磁波即TEM波与倏逝波的相位一致的扭绞间距、直径以及间隔。
还可以是,上述芯线的扭绞间距为10.3mm。
还可以是,上述芯线的直径为0.3mm。
还可以是,上述芯线的间隔为1.36mm。
还可以是,在上述屏蔽构件的外侧具备用于缓和来自外力的冲击的缓冲构件。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的第二观点所涉及的复合布线的特征在于具备多个上述布线。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够传输吉赫频带的高频信号。
附图说明
图1的(a)是仅示出本发明的实施方式所涉及的双扭线电缆中的一对芯线的概要图。(b)是表示双扭线电缆的截面的图。
图2的(a)是说明TEM波和倏逝波的产生的图。(b)是从(a)的侧面侧观察的图。
图3的(a)是说明以往的电缆中的TEM波和倏逝波的传输过程的图。(b)是说明本实施方式所涉及的双扭线电缆中的TEM波和倏逝波的传输过程的图。
图4的(a)是说明以往的电缆中的输入波形与接收波形的关系的图。(b)是说明本实施方式所涉及的双扭线电缆中的输入波形与接收波形的关系的图。
附图标记说明
10:双扭线电缆;11:芯线;12:第一覆盖构件;13:第二覆盖构件;14:屏蔽构件;15:外皮构件。
具体实施方式
参照图1来说明本发明的实施方式所涉及的布线(双扭线电缆)10。
如图1的(a)以及(b)所示,本实施方式所涉及的双扭线电缆10由芯线11、第一覆盖构件12、第二覆盖构件13、屏蔽构件14以及外皮构件15构成。本双扭线电缆10的特性阻抗形成为大约135Ω以上,优选形成为200Ω。
芯线11例如由铜等导电性材料构成,形成为将两根线扭绞在一起的扭绞状。芯线11的直径D1大约为0.2mm~0.4mm,优选为0.3mm。芯线11的间距D2大约为9mm~11mm,优选为10.3mm。两根芯线11的间隔D3大约为1.2mm~1.4mm。优选为1.36mm。
此外,在双扭线电缆10的长度为100m左右的情况下,优选将芯线11的间距D2设为10.3mm±0.4mm。另外,在双扭线电缆10的长度为200m以上的情况下,优选设为10.3mm±0.2mm。
第一覆盖构件12例如由聚氯乙烯、氟树脂、特氟纶(注册商标)等绝缘性材料构成,形成为分别覆盖两根芯线11并分别使两根芯线分离。第一覆盖构件12的相对介电常数为3以下,优选为由电介质导致的传输损耗较低的材料。改变第一覆盖构件12的厚度(壁厚)来扩大芯线11的间隔D3,由此能够提高双扭线电缆10的特性阻抗。
第二覆盖构件13与第一覆盖构件12同样地由绝缘性材料构成,形成为覆盖第一覆盖构件12,该第一覆盖构件12覆盖芯线11。通过第二覆盖构件13的绝缘,双扭线电缆10能够保持后述的TEM模式传输。另外,不形成第一覆盖构件12而仅通过第二覆盖构件13来调节芯线的间隔D3,也能够提高特性阻抗。此外,第二覆盖构件13和第一覆盖构件12为相同的绝缘性材料,但是也能够使用不同的绝缘性材料。
屏蔽构件14由例如铜等遮蔽电磁波的金属材料构成,形成为覆盖第二覆盖构件13。屏蔽构件14遮蔽从芯线11向空中放射的倏逝波,由此将该倏逝波的能量封闭在屏蔽构件14内,从而减少传输损耗。只要能够屏蔽倏逝波,屏蔽构件14的厚度(壁厚)是任意的。
外皮构件15由例如橡胶、玻璃纤维等具有挠性的绝缘性材料构成,形成为覆盖保护屏蔽构件14等。外皮构件15的厚度(壁厚)是任意的。另外,为了防止水、油等浸入到外皮构件15内,还能够将外皮构件15设为密封屏蔽构件14的形状。
接着,参照图2来说明TEM波和倏逝波的产生原理。
如图2的(a)所示,由于电磁波在信号的行进方向和与该行进方向垂直的方向上同时以光速行进,因此产生具有45度的立体角度的圆锥状(cone)TEM波并行进。另外,由于从信号的行进路径不断地产生TEM波,因此还产生TEM波的后续波。在本实施方式中,由于信号的行进路径为芯线11,因此从芯线11产生TEM波。
如图2的(b)所示,由于TEM波与TEM波的后续波的相位偏移而发生干扰,由此产生倏逝波。在与TEM波正交的方向上产生倏逝波。也就是说,倏逝波以相对于信号的行进方向成立体角度45度向空中放射。由于倏逝波在TEM波的行进过程中连续不断地产生,因此与传输中的信号衰减相比,不能忽视该倏逝波的累积能量。此外,倏逝波会由于芯线11的耦合减弱而被放大。
接着,图3示出在作为传输路径的通常的双扭线电缆(例如,6类线中的0.5mmφ铜线LAN(局域网)电缆)和本实施方式的双扭线电缆10中TEM波以及倏逝波的行进过程。在图3中,将芯线11简单地示出为并行线路。首先,说明传输波(TEM波)行进的模式(状态)。
在传输线路周围充满空气的理想的双传输线路中,该双传输线路周围的介电常数均匀。于是,所产生的电磁场形成在与传输波的行进方向成直角的方向上。在这种情况下,电磁场的扩散不会变形,因此传输波以光速行进。将该状态称为TEM模式传输。
另一方面,在双传输线路之间夹有相对介电常数为1以上的绝缘物的情况下,电磁场的扩散会变形。因此,与在空气中行进相比,传输波的行进变慢,由此产生延迟波。将该状态称为准TEM模式传输。在准TEM模式下传输的TEM波会大幅衰减。
如图3的(a)以及(b)所示,TEM波沿着芯线11行进。
另一方面,以相对于TEM波的行进方向成立体角度45度向空中放射的倏逝波由于屏蔽效果而一边反复进行45度反射一边行进。
通常的双扭线电缆的特性阻抗在100Ω以下,芯线11之间的耦合变强。因而,如图3的(a)所示,倏逝波减弱。另外,在通常的双扭线电缆中没有第二覆盖构件13,因此成为准TEM模式传输。在准TEM模式传输的情况下,TEM波与倏逝波的相位偏移。
另一方面,本实施方式的双扭线电缆10的特性阻抗在135Ω以上,芯线11之间的耦合变弱。因而,如图3的(b)所示,倏逝波增强。另外,双扭线电缆10具备第二覆盖构件13,因此成为TEM模式传输。在TEM模式传输中,通过使TEM波与倏逝波的有效长度一致来使相位一致。
接着,参照图4来说明传输路径中的输入波(输入信号)与接收波(接收信号)的关系。
首先,从起始端向传输路径提供输入波(输入信号),由此产生TEM波和倏逝波。然后,在经过传递波形所需的固定时间之后,在接收端以TEM波和倏逝波作为接收波(接收信号)来进行观测。
TEM波在传输路径中衰减,因此接收波形的上升缘变得平缓。另一方面,根据倏逝波的相位与TEM波是否一致,而接收端的波形发生变化。将TEM波到达接收端的时刻设为T1,将传输路径的起始端产生的最晚到达的倏逝波到达接收端的时刻设为T2max,将倏逝波的接收端的电压设为V2。倏逝波的累积电压成为V2/(T2max-T1)。因而,如果T2max在下一个输入波形(输入信号)的下降缘的定时之后,则倏逝波成为噪声源。
合成波是TEM波和倏逝波的合成,因此倏逝波的衰减较小的情况下,合成波的衰减也变得较小。
如图4的(a)所示,在通常的双扭线电缆中产生的倏逝波的接收波形由于没有屏蔽效果而不会累积(重叠),在接收端作为较低矩形波而被观测到。因此,TEM波与倏逝波的合成波形也成为衰减的波形。
另一方面,如图4的(b)所示,由于屏蔽构件14等的屏蔽效果以及与TEM波的相位一致,因此在本实施方式的双扭线电缆10中产生的倏逝波与在通常的双扭线电缆中产出的倏逝波相比衰减较小。也就是说,倏逝波的接收波形在传输路径的行进过程中被累积,几乎不会衰减地上升。因此,合成波的衰减也较小。
下面,示出具体例来说明使TEM波与倏逝波的有效长度一致(使相位一致)的方法。
下式(1)示出有效长度L与线路长度L0的关系式。
L=L0(1+(1/D2)×π×D3) (1)
其中,将长度单位设为m(米)。
在通常的双扭线电缆中,设线路长度(电缆长度)L0=100m、芯线的直径D1=0.5mm、芯线的间距D2=8.25mm至12.85mm、芯线的间隔D3=1mm。根据式(1),TEM波的有效长度L为124.4mm至138mm。另外,由于如图3的(a)所示那样倏逝波反复进行45度的多重反射,因此倏逝波的有效长度为因而,在通常的双扭线电缆中,TEM波与倏逝波的有效长度不同,因此相位不同。
并且,在设为绝缘物的相对介电常数=2.2的情况下, 因而,TEM波从起始端传输至接收端的传输时间T1为622ns至690ns。另外,倏逝波的传输时间T2为T1至707ns。因而,TEM波与倏逝波的传输时间的最小差为17ns。
也就是说,由于在传输吉赫频带的高频信号的情况下,100ps程度以内的时滞会成为问题,因此在通常的双扭线电缆中倏逝波成为噪声。
另一方面,在本实施方式所涉及的双扭线电缆10中,设定为线路长度(电缆长度)L0=100m、芯线11的直径D1=0.3mm、芯线11的间距D2=10.3mm以及芯线11的间隔D3=1.36mm。因而,根据式(1),双扭线电缆10中的TEM波的有效长度L为另外,由于如图3的(b)所示那样倏逝波反复进行45度的多重反射,因此双扭线电缆10中的倏逝波的有效长度为141.4m。因而,在本实施方式所涉及的双扭线电缆10中,TEM波与倏逝波的有效长度一致,因此相位一致。
另外,TEM波与倏逝波的有效长度一致,因此传输时间也一致。因而,在本实施方式的双扭线电缆10中,倏逝波不会成为噪声。
此外,在传输1GHz的信号的情况下,一个脉冲时钟为1ns。因此在双扭线电缆10为100m的线路中,需要设为芯线的间距D2=10.3mm±0.4mm。另外,在200m的线路中,需要设为D2=10.3mm±0.2mm。
如上所述,通过屏蔽效果来防止倏逝波的衰减,并且通过使TEM波与倏逝波的相位一致来减少传输的衰减,从而能够传输吉赫频带的高频信号。
此外,本发明并不限于上述实施方式,还能够进行各种变形以及应用。
例如,只要能够将双扭线电缆10的特性阻抗形成为大约200Ω,则可以任意地变更芯线11的直径D1等。另外,还能够将双扭线电缆10的特性阻抗设为200Ω以上。
另外,也可以将用于缓和来自外力的冲击的缓冲构件设置在外皮构件15的内侧或者外侧。
另外,也可以通过扭绞多个双扭线电缆10,来设为具备多于两根芯线的较多芯线11(铜线)的电缆。
另外,本申请主张基于2008年1月31日申请的日本国专利申请特愿2008-20869号的优先权。在本说明书中,取入这些说明书、权利要求的范围、附图整体作为参照。
Claims (7)
1.一种传输吉赫频带的信号的布线,其特征在于,具备:
相互扭绞的一对芯线;
一对第一绝缘性覆盖构件,其覆盖各上述芯线;
第二绝缘性覆盖构件,其覆盖上述一对第一绝缘性覆盖构件;以及
屏蔽构件,其覆盖上述第二绝缘性覆盖构件,将从上述一对芯线放射出的倏逝波封闭在该屏蔽构件内,
其中,上述一对芯线具有使该布线的特性阻抗为100Ω至200Ω并且使从上述一对芯线放射出的横向电磁波即TEM波与倏逝波的相位一致的扭绞间距、直径以及间隔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的布线,其特征在于,
设定上述芯线的扭绞间距,使得上述TEM波的有效长度成为上述一对芯线的线路长度的倍。
3.根据权利要求1所述的布线,其特征在于,
上述芯线的扭绞间距为10.3mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的布线,其特征在于,
上述芯线的直径为0.3mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的布线,其特征在于,
上述芯线的间隔为1.36mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的布线,其特征在于,
在上述屏蔽构件的外侧具备用于缓和来自外力的冲击的缓冲构件。
7.一种复合布线,其特征在于,具备多个权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的布线。
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JP2008020869A JP4722950B2 (ja) | 2008-01-31 | 2008-01-31 | 配線 |
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PCT/JP2009/051729 WO2009096582A1 (ja) | 2008-01-31 | 2009-02-02 | 配線、及び、複合配線 |
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JP2001155559A (ja) * | 1999-11-26 | 2001-06-08 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 通信ケーブル |
JP3742597B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-31 | 2006-02-08 | 寛治 大塚 | 信号伝送システム |
CN2587044Y (zh) * | 2002-10-22 | 2003-11-19 | 乐荣工业股份有限公司 | 对绞线 |
JP2005244733A (ja) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-08 | Fujikura Ltd | GHz帯伝送の中距離配線構造、GHz帯伝送の中距離配線構造に接続するドライバ回路およびレシーバ回路 |
KR100726530B1 (ko) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-06-11 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | 비대칭형 세퍼레이터 및 이를 구비하는 통신용 케이블 |
JP2007280666A (ja) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-25 | Nissei Electric Co Ltd | 高速信号伝送用ハーネス |
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2009
- 2009-02-02 US US12/865,555 patent/US20110042120A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-02-02 WO PCT/JP2009/051729 patent/WO2009096582A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-02-02 CN CN200980103717.6A patent/CN101952905B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110088850A (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2019-08-02 | 株式会社自动网络技术研究所 | 通信用屏蔽线缆 |
CN110088850B (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2021-01-08 | 株式会社自动网络技术研究所 | 通信用屏蔽线缆 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2009096582A1 (ja) | 2009-08-06 |
JP2009181855A (ja) | 2009-08-13 |
CN101952905B (zh) | 2013-01-23 |
JP4722950B2 (ja) | 2011-07-13 |
US20110042120A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
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