Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
  • C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
  • C07K5/1002—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
  • C07K5/1016—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aromatic or cycloaliphatic
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
  • A61P25/36—Opioid-abuse
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
  • C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

• This invention relates to salts of peptides that bind with high affinity and selectivity to the mu (morphine) opiate receptor; pharmaceutical preparations containing an effective amount of the peptide salts; and methods for providing analgesia, relief from gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, and therapy for drug dependence containing an effective amount of the peptide salts.
• opiates Many peptides have been found that exhibit opiate-like activity by binding to opiate receptors. Three different types of opiate receptors have been found: delta ( ⁇ ), kappa (K) and mu ( ⁇ ). The major putative function for opiates is their role in alleviating pain. Other areas where opiates are well-suited for use in treatment are conditions relating to gastrointestinal disorders, schizophrenia, obesity, blood pressure, convulsions, and seizures. Although the ⁇ and K receptors may also mediate analgesia, activation of ⁇ receptors is the primary and most effective means of inducing analgesia, and is the primary mechanism by which morphine acts.
• the subject invention provides advantageous new salts of mu-opiate receptor peptides. These salts have been found to have excellent properties in terms of their crystal structure, stability, solubility, lack of impurities and/or the ability to be produced, with these advantageous properties, in amounts sufficient for the production of therapeutic compositions.
• the subject invention provides hydrochloride salts of endomorphin peptides.
• the peptides that can be used according to the subject invention have the general formula Tyr-Xi -X 2 -X 3 wherein Xi is Pro, D-Lys or D-Orn; X 2 is Trp, Phe or N-alkyl-Phe wherein alkyl contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and X 3 is Phe, Phe-NH 2 , D-Phe, D-Phe- NH 2 or p-Y-Phe wherein Y is NO 2 , F, Cl or Br.
• the subject invention provides the hydrochloride salt of a cyclic endomorphin-1 peptide (designated herein as CYT-1010).
• the subject invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising these advantageous salts.
• the subject invention further provides therapeutic methods that utilize the salts and compositions described herein.
• the subject invention further provides methods for preparing the salts of the subject invention.
• Figure 1 shows x-ray diffractogram of CYT-1010 free base lot V05060N1.
• Figure 2 shows DSC/TGA overlay of CYT-1010 free base lot V05060N1.
• Figure 3 shows H-NMR spectra of CYT-1010 free base lot V05060N1.
• Figure 4 shows FTIR spectrum of CYT-1010 free base lost V05060N1.
• Figure 5 shows DVS moisture isotherm of CYT-1010 free base.
• Figure 6 shows x-ray diffractogram of the primary screen aspartate salt.
• Figure 7 shows DSC/TGA overlay of the primary screen aspartate salt.
• Figure 8 shows x-ray diffractogram of the primary screen hydrochloride salt.
• Figure 9 shows DSC/TGA overlay of the primary screen hydrochloride salt.
• Figure 10 shows x-ray diffractogram of the primary screen lactate salt.
• Figure 11 shows DSC/TGA overlay of the primary screen lactate salt.
• Figure 12 shows x-ray diffractogram of the primary screen maleate salt.
• Figure 13 shows DSC/TGA overlay of the primary screen maleate salt.
• Figure 14 shows x-ray diffractograms of the aspartate salt: primary screen sample
• Figure 15 shows DSC/TGA thermograms of the scaled-up sample aspartate salt.
• Figure 16 shows DSC overlay of the primary screen sample (upper trace) and the scaled-up sample (lower trace) of the aspartate salt.
• Figure 17 shows H-NMR spectra of the scaled-up sample aspartate salt.
• Figure 18 shows FTIR spectrum of the scaled-up aspartate.
• Figure 19 shows DVS moisture isotherm of the scaled-up aspartate.
• Figure 20 shows x-ray diffractograms of the hydrochloride: primary screen sample (black trace), scaled-up sample (red trace).
• Figure 21 shows DSC/TGA overlay of the scaled-up hydrochloride salt.
• Figure 22 shows DSC overlay of the primary screen sample (lower trace) and the scaled-up sample (upper trace) of the hydrochloride salt.
• Figure 23 shows H-NMR spectra of the scaled-up sample hydrochloride.
• Figure 24 show's FTIR spectrum of the scaled-up hydrochloride.
• Figure 25 shows DVS moisture isotherm of the scaled-up hydrochloride salt.
• Figure 26 shows TGA thermograms comparison of CYT-1010 HCl before and after 25°C/75%RH exposure.
• Figure 27 shows x-ray diffractograms of CYT-1010 HCl (black) and water slurry sample (blue trace).
• Figure 28 shows x-ray diffractograms of the lactate: primary screen sample (black trace), scaled-up sample (red trace).
• Figure 29 show r s DSC/TGA overlay of the lactate scaled-up sample.
• Figure 30 shows DSC overlay of the primary screen sample (upper trace) and the scaled-up sample (lower trace) of the lactate salt.
• Figure 31 shows H-NMR spectra of the scaled-up lactate.
• Figure 32 shows FTIR spectrum the scaled-up lactate.
• Figure 33 shows DVS moisture isotherm of the scaled-up lactate salt.
• Figure 34 shows x-ray di ffractograms of the maleate: primary screen sample (black trace), scalcd-up sample (red trace)
• Figure 35 shows DSC/TGA overlay of the maleate scaled-up sample.
• Figure 36 shows DSC overlay of the primary screen sample (upper trace) and the scaled-up sample (lower trace) of the maleate salt.
• Figure 37 shows H-NMR spectrum of the scaled-up sample of the maleate salt.
• Figure 38 shows spectrum of the scaled-up sample of the maleate salt.
• Figure 39 shows DVS moisture isotherm of the scaled-up maleate salt.
• Figure 40 shows particle morphology of four scaled-up salts.
• Figure 41 shows XRD data for HCl salt.
• Figure 42 shows DSC/TGA data for HCl salt.
• Figure 43 shows DSC comparison of the scaled-up sample (upper trace) and a small scale sample (lower trace).
• Figure 44 shows XRD data for aspartate salt.
• Figure 45 shows DSC/TGA data for aspartate salt.
• Figure 46 shows DSC data. Scaled-up aspartate (upper trace), small scale sample (lower trace.
• SEQ ID NO:1 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO:2 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO:3 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO:4 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO:5 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO:6 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO: 7 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO: 8 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO:9 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO: 10 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO: 11 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NO: 12 is a peptide useful according to the subject invention.
• SEQ ID NOS: 13-26 are additional peptides useful according to the subject invention.
• the subject invention provides advantageous salts of peptides that bind to the mu (morphine) opiate receptor with high affinity, selectivity and potency.
• the salts of the subject invention have excellent properties in terms of their crystallinity, morphology, thermal properties, stoichiometry, hydroscopicity, aqueous solubility and/or chemical stability.
• This invention also provides pharmaceutical preparations containing an effective amount of one or more of the peptide salts.
• the subject invention further provides methods for providing analgesia, relief from gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, antiinflammatory treatments, and therapy for drug dependence wherein the methods involve administering, to a patient in need of such treatment, a composition containing an effective amount of one or more of the peptide salts of the subject invention.
• salts of a cyclic endomorphin-1 peptide analog were selected for evaluation. These included fifteen monosalts and one heinisalt. Characterization of these salts on a 50 mg scale allowed the identification of four particularly advantageous salts: the aspartate, hydrochloride, maleate. and lactate salts.
• the hydrochloride salt exhibited good crystallinity.
• the stoichiometry of the hydrochloride salt based on ion chromatography was close to theoretical.
• the monosalt appears to form a stable monohydrate at above 5% RH. Chemical stability appears excellent as well.
• the subject invention provides the hydrochloride salt of endomorphin-1 (and analogs thereof) as well as pharmaceutical compositions that contain this salt.
• the peptides that can be used according to the subject invention have the general formula TyT-Xj-X 2 -Xs wherein Xi is Pro, D-Lys or D-Om; X 2 is Trp, Phe or N-alkyl-Phe wherein alkyl contains 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; and X 3 is Phe, Phe-NH 2 , D-Phe, D-Phe- NH 2 or p-Y-Phe wherein Y is NO 2 , F. Cl or Br.
• Some preferred peptides of the invention are: H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH 2 (SEQ ID NO: 1 )
• H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH 2 H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-OH (SEQ ID NO:3) H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-OH (SEQ ID NO:4) H-Tyr-Pro-Trp-D-Phe-NH 2 (SEQ ID NO:5)
• H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-pNO 2 -Phe-NH 2 (SEQ [D NO:8) H-Tyr-Pro-N-Me-Phe-Phe-NH 2 (SEQ ID NO :9)
• H-Tyr-c-LD-Lys-N-Et-Phe-Phe] (SEQ ID NO:23)
• H-Tyr-c-[D-Orn-N-Et-Phe-Phe] (SEQ ID NO:24)
• the last fourteen peptides listed are cyclic peptides whose linear primary amino acid sequences are given in SEQ ID NO: 13 through SEQ ID NO:26.
• the applicants incorporate herein by reference, in its entirety, U.S. Patent No. 6.303,578.
• the peptide of SEQ ID NO:1 is highly selective and very potent for the .mu.opiate receptor, with over 4000-fold weaker binding to delta receptors and over 15, 000-fold weaker binding to kappa receptors, reducing the chances of side-effects.
• the peptides of this invention may be prepared by conventional solution-phase (Bodansky, M., Peptide Chemistry: ⁇ Practical Textbook, 2 nd Edition, Springer- Verlag, New York (1993) or solid phase (Stewart, J.M.; Young. J.D. Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, 2 nd edition, Pierce Chemical Company, 1984) methods with the use of proper protecting groups and coupling agents. A suitable deprotection method may then be employed to remove specified or all of the protecting groups, including splitting off the resin if solid phase synthesis is applied.
• Cyclization of the linear peptides can be performed by, for example, substitution of an appropriate diamino carboxylic acid for Pro in position 2 in the peptides through ring closure of the 2-position side chain amino and the C -terminal carboxylic functional groups.
• the cyclization reactions can be performed with the diphenylphosphoryl azide method (Schmidt, R.. Neuhert, K., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 37:502-507, 1991).
• Peptides synthesized with solid phase synthesis can be split off the resin with liquid hydrogen fluoride (HF) in the presence of the proper antioxidant and scavenger.
• HF liquid hydrogen fluoride
• the amount of the reactants utilized in the reactions, as well as the conditions required to facilitate the reactions and encourage efficient completion may vary widely depending on variations in reaction conditions and the nature of the reactants.
• the desired products may be isolated from the reaction mixture by crystallization, electrophoresis, extraction, chromatography, or other means.
• a preferred method of isolation is HPLC. All of the crude peptides can be purified with preparative HPLC. and the purity of the peptides may be checked with analytical I IPLC. Purities greater than 95% of the synthesized compounds using HPLC have been obtained.
• the peptide is that which is shown as SEQ ID NO: 13 (cyclic endomorphin-1 peptide) and has the following structure:
• the present invention also provides pharmaceutical preparations that contain a pharmaceutically effective amount of the peptide salts of this invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or adjuvant.
• the carrier may be an organic or inorganic carrier that is suitable for external, enteral or parenteral applications.
• the peptide salts of the present invention may be compounded, for example, with the usual non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for tablets, pellets, capsules, liposomes, suppositories, intranasal sprays, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, aerosols, targeted chemical delivery systems (Prokai-Tatrai. K.; Prokai, L; Bodor, N., J. Med. Chem. 39:4775- 4782, 1991), and any other form suitable for use.
• the carriers which can be used are water, glucose, lactose, gum acacia, gelatin, mannitol, starch paste, magnesium trisilicate, talc, corn starch, keratin, colloidal silica, potato starch, urea and other carriers suitable for use in manufacturing preparations, in solid, semisolid, liquid or aerosol form, and in addition auxiliary, stabilizing, thickening and coloring agents and perfumes may be used.
• the present invention also provides methods for providing analgesia, relief from gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea, and therapy for drug dependence in patients, such as mammals, including humans, which comprises administering to the patient an effective amount of the peptides, or salts thereof, of this invention.
• the diarrhea may be caused by a number of sources, such as infectious disease, cholera, or an effect or side-effect of various drugs or therapies, including those used for cancer therapy.
• peptide salts of the subject invention can also be used to provide antiinflammatory treatments.
• the applicants incorporate herein by reference, in its entirety, U.S. 2004/0266805.
• the dosage of effective amount of the peptides varies from and also depends upon the age and condition of each individual patient to be treated.
• suitable unit dosages may be between about 0.01 to about 100 mg.
• a unit dose may be from between about 0.2 mg to about 50 mg.
• Such a unit dose may be administered more than once a day, e.g. two or three times a day.
• Morphology A Zeiss Universal microscope configured with a polarized visible light source was used to evaluate the optical properties of the samples. Specimens were typically mounted on a microscope slide. Magnification was typically 125X. Observations of particle/crystal size and shape were recorded. The presence of birefringence was also noted.
• Solubility The solubility of the selected primary screen salts was determined at ambient temperature in aqueous buffer pH 7 by a visual technique. The solubility of the scaled-up salts was visually determined in aqueous pH 4.7 and 10 buffers both by the visual technique and HPLC analysis alongside with the stability samples using the same chromatographic condition (see section HPLC analysis).
• DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• TGA Thermal Properties by Thermogravimetric Analysis
• HSM Hot Stage Microscopy
• a Cu Ka radiation 1.5406A tube was operated at 4OkV and 4OmA.
• the X-ray optics consist of a Gobel mirror coupled with a pinhole collimator of 0.5 mm.
• Theta-theta continuous scans were employed with a sample-detector distance ofd 15 cm, which gives an effective 20 range of 4-40°.
• Samples were mounted in low background quartz plates (9 mm diameter, 0.2 mm deep cavity).
• Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR. Infrared spectra were obtained with a Nicolet 510 M- O Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, equipped with a Harrick SplitperaTM attenuated total reflectance device. Spectra were acquired from 4000-400 cm “1 with a resolution of 4 cm " , and 128 scans were collected for each analysis.
• Oxidation Stability Samples of the four final salt candidates were exposed to a pure oxygen atmosphere for 2 weeks to examiner their stability with respect to oxidation at 25°C. Samples were analyzed for CYT-1010 by total area normalization for impurity profile by HPLC. HPLC Analysis. Salt candidates were analyzed by total area normalization (TAN). The samples were dissolved in acetonitrile: water (90:10) with 0.1% TFA at a free base concentration of 0.3 mg/mL.
• HPLC column YMC-Pack ODS-A 150 mm, 4.6 mm, 5 micron
• Salts were initially prepared on an approximately 50 mg scale.
• the free base was suspended in methanol. All acids, except aspartic and mucic were dissolved in water. Equal molar portions of the free base and acid solutions were mixed to form the monosalts. Molar portions of the free base and half-molar acid solutions were mixed to form the hemisalt. Aspartic and mucic acid were added as dry powders as they were water-insoluble. Free base suspensions after additions of hydrochloric, sulfuric, maleic, phosphoric, tartaric, and citric acids became clear and were then evaporated while stirring on a stirplate at ambient temperature.
• the second endothermic peak was a sharp peak with an onset temperature of 286.3°C and an enthalpy value of 95.7 J/g.
• TGA thermogram exhibited the weight loss due to volatilcs of 2.9 wt % (25 0 C-150 0 C).
• Hot stage microscopy analysis indicated that the particles of the free base were irregularly shaped, platy and did not appear birefringent.
• the melting of the sample was completed by approximately 288°C. No other thermal events were evident.
• Solubility The solubility of selected salts from the primary screen was determined. Solubility measurements were made at ambient temperature in an aqueous pH 7.0 buffer. The results of the solubility measurements are shown in Table 4. Even at a concentration of 0.05 mg/ml. the solutions were still cloudy for all salts indicating the solubility of all salts was ⁇ 0.05 mg/mL. Solutions of the lactate, malate and aspartate salts appeared less hazy/cloudy than others, suggesting their solubility may be slightly higher than the other forms.
• the material was a white crystalline solid.
• the X-ray diffraction pattern of the batch is shown in Figure 6.
• the DSC thermogram exhibited a melting endotherm with an extrapolated onset temperature of approximately 270 0 C. It appears to melt with decomposition.
• the total volatiles by TGA in a temperature range 25-150 0 C were 1.4 wt%.
• the hydrochloride salt isolated was a white crystalline solid.
• the X-ray diffraction pattern of the batch is shown in Figure 8.
• the material exhibited a small (8 J/g) endotherm with an onset temperature of 230 0 C and the main endotherm with an onset of 282.7°C (the
• Lactate The XRD pattern of the lactate salt is shown in Figure 10, it was less crystalline than the aspartate or hydrochloride. It was a white solid.
• the DSC thermogram revealed a single melting endotherm with an onset temperature of 234°C and an entalphy value of 116 J/g.
• the malate was a slightly off-white crystalline solid, the XRD pattern is shown in Figure 12.
• the DSC thermogram had an endotherm with an onset temperature of 236.7 0 C and a heat of fusion 93.9 J/g.
• the TGA thermogram indicated a weight loss of 150 0 C of 2.3 wt % but the sample started to loose mass at approximately 15O 0 C.
• the DSC/TGA thermogram overlay plot is shown in Figure 13.
• EXAMPLE 4 — CHARACTERIZATION OF SCALED-UP SALTS
• the material produced in the scale-up batch was analyzed by XRD, DSC, TGA, H-NMR, and FTlR.
• XRD overlay of the scaled-up aspartate salt (black trace) with a small scale batch (blue) is shown in Figure 14.
• the DSC/TGA data for the scaled-up aspartate is shown in Figure 15.
• Figure 16 shows the DSC overlay plot of the small scale sample with the scaled- up sample.
• the scaled-up sample appears to be less crystalline than the small scale sample despite the fact that the additional ripening in water was done to improve crystallinity.
• the DSC thermogram shows a single melt with an earlier melting onset than the small scale sample, provably due to the lower crystallinity.
• the sample had 1.7 wt% volatilcs.
• the aspartic acid content determined by ion chromatography was approximately 13.5 wt%, somewhat lower than the theoretical value for monosalt (17.6 wt%). This may have contributed to the lower crystallinity of the sample.
• the aspartate salt may form a hemihydrate then monohydrate at higher humidity.
• the moisture sorption isotherm and kinetic data plot are shown in Figure 19. The shape of the isotherm plot makes it difficult to be certain whether hydrates form.
• the scaled-up sample of the hydrochloride salt displayed the same XRD pattern as in the initial evaluation (see XRD plots overlay for the two samples in Figure 20). The thermal behavior of both batches was also similar.
• the DSC/TGA thermograms of the scaled-up sample is in Figure 21 and a comparison of DSC thermograms of the primary and scaled-up samples is in Figure 22.
• the material exhibited a small (10.2 J/g) endotherm with an onset temperature of 231.3°C and the main endotherm with an onset of 285.9°C.
• the sample had lost 2.6 wt% volatiles at 150 0 C.
• Hot stage microscopy of the hydrochloride revealed no changes in particle morphology up to the melt, which was observed at approximately 28O 0 C. The evolution of bubbles was evident at 108 0 C and again at 230 0 C.
• a slurry of the hydrochloride salt in water was carried out by stirring an excess of the HCl salt in water on a stirplate for approximately one week. Slurry was filtered and the wet cake analyzed by XRD to check for any structural changes. XRD patterns of samples before and after the slurry were essentially the same ( Figure 27), suggesting that the XRD pattern probably represents the monohydrate form of the material.
• the scaled-up sample of the lactate salt was crystalline and had the same XRD pattern as in the initial evaluation. Thermal profiles were also similar (see XRD plots overlay for the two samples in Figure 28 and DSC/TGA data for the scaled-up sample in Figure 29).
• DSC thermogram of the scaled-up sample had a melting endotherm with an onset temperature of approximately 237.5°C and an enthalpy value of 143 J/g.
• the total volatiles by TGA were 1.7 wt% at 15O 0 C.
• a comparison of DSC thermograms of the primary and scaled-up samples is shown in Figure 30. The stoichiometry of the monosalt was evaluated using ion chromatography (IC).
• the sample contained approximately 9.8 wt% lactic acid which is lower than the theoretical expected result (12.6 wt %). To determine why it was lower, a lactic acid solution used for the preparation of salts (Fisher, assay 88.3%) was analyzed by IC and assay value was determined to be only 76.8 wt% as opposed to the label claim of 88.3 wt%.
• MNR and FTIR spectra of the scaled-up lactate are in Figure 31, and Figure 32, respectively.
• the DSC thermogram exhibited the same thermal behavior as in the initial evaluation.
• thermograms show good repeatability.
• IC ion chromatography
• the sample contained approximately 14.0 wt% maleic acid which is close to the theoretical value of 15.7 wt%.
• the H-NMR spectrum of the maleate is shown in Figure 37.
• the FTIR spectrum of the scaled-up maleate salt is in Figure 38.
• the scaled-up aspartate, hydrochloride, lactate, and maleate salts together with the free base were analyzed in duplicate by total area normalization (TAN) to determine their impurity profiles.
• TAN total area normalization
• the salts were stressed in solid state using heat, light, and a pure oxygen atmosphere to determine if the salt forms exhibited different chemical stability characteristics.
• the salts were also stressed in solution using heat.
• Samples were prepared at a free base concentration of 0.3 mg/mL.
• the diluent for all sample preparations was 90:10 acetronitri Ie: water with 0.1% TFA.
• AU solutions were sonicated for at least five minutes prior to analysis. Analysis was done over four days. The impurity profile of the free base, as shown in the table below, was consistent over this time.
• Solution Stability The solution stability characteristics were evaluated by collecting HPLC data on solutions stored in sealed vials for two weeks at approximately 25 and 40 0 C.
• the storage solution consisted of 90:10 acetronitrile:water with 0.1% TFA which is the diluent for the HPLC assay.
• Table 6 summarizes the results of the HPLC analyses of these experiments.
• the thermal stability data for the L-asparate and maleate salts did not exhibit significant changes in assay values upon exposure at 25°C.
• the lactate and hydrochloride salts only decreased slightly, a decrease of 0.2 area %, while the free base decreased 0.4 area % at 25°C.
• the hydrochloride salt did not exhibit further decrease in area % at 6O 0 C.
• the free base decreased slightly in area % and the lactate salt decreased 0.5 area % at 60 0 C as compared to 25°C data.
• the maleate salt showed significant decrease, 7.1 area %.
• the photostability data for the two of the four salts did not exhibit significant changes in assay values upon exposure.
• the lactate salt showed the greatest change in area %, a decrease of 0.6 area % from time zero to exposed, while the free base and L-asparate salt both decreased 0.3 area % from time zero to exposed.
• the oxidative stability data for the free base had the greatest change with 1.5 area % decrease.
• the four salts showed a decrease between 0.3 and 0.4 area %.
• Solubility measurements were made at ambient temperatue in pH 4 buffer (potassium biphthalate buffer 0.05 molar), pH 7 buffer (potassium phosphate mono basic-sodium hydroxide buffer 0.05 molar) and pH 10 buffer (potassium carbonate-potassium hydroxide buffer 0.05 molar). Two approaches were tried. A visual technique and HPLC analysis were used to determine the solubilities.
• HPLC data were collected on solutions stored in sealed vials for approximately one week at 25 0 C at pH 4, pll 7, and pH 10. Portions of these solutions were filterd with a Teflon 0.45 micro filter prior to HPLC analysis. The results were calibrated with a six point calibration curve ranging from 0.12 to 0.003 mg/ml. The same HPLC conditions were used as listed previously except the injection volume was increased to 10 ⁇ L.
• the free base at 25°C and the maleate at 6O 0 C showed the greatest change in the impurity profile as shown in the tables below.
• the free base at 25°C the 0.89 and 0.92 RRT impurities showed the largest increase as compared to time zero data.
• the 1.14 RRT peak increase from 2.7 to 10 area % and while the impurity at 1.02 RRT decreased from 0.5 area % to a nondetectablc level.
• the lactate salt showed the greatest change in the impurity profile.
• the 0.89 and 0.92 RRT impurities increased as compared to time zero data while in the photexposed, the 0.92 and 0.95 RRT impurities increased significantly.
• the free base showed the greatest change in the impurity profile as shown in Table 14.
• the 0.89 and 0.92 RRT impurities showed the largest increase as compared to time zero data. These two impurities increased for all of the salts as well.
• EXAMPLE 9 PROPERTIES OF SCALED-UP SALTS • Scale-up (on a 300 mg scale) of four salts was done: aspartate, maleate lactate, and hydrochloride. HCl and aspartate salts were analyzed by XRD, DSC. TGA.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• Neurosurgery (AREA)
• Addiction (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
• Psychiatry (AREA)
• Rheumatology (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)

Priority Applications (10)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=40755912

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2008
  • 2008-12-15 CA CA2707733A patent/CA2707733C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-12-15 US US12/744,859 patent/US20110190214A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-12-15 AU AU2008334941A patent/AU2008334941B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2008-12-15 ES ES14189232.3T patent/ES2550604T3/es active Active
  • 2008-12-15 CA CA2984218A patent/CA2984218C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-12-15 EP EP14189232.3A patent/EP2826786B1/en active Active
  • 2008-12-15 JP JP2010538227A patent/JP5647002B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-12-15 WO PCT/US2008/086838 patent/WO2009076672A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2008-12-15 EP EP08858817.3A patent/EP2229400B1/en not_active Not-in-force
• 2013
  • 2013-10-17 US US14/056,496 patent/US8940704B2/en active Active
• 2014
  • 2014-12-15 US US14/570,432 patent/US20150152137A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2018
  • 2018-06-22 US US16/016,165 patent/US20180291060A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2020
  • 2020-07-15 US US16/929,994 patent/US20200339628A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2021
  • 2021-12-17 US US17/554,421 patent/US20220324908A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events