WO2009029964A2 - Sensorische pigmente für den einsatz auf lebensmitteln, verpackungen, papier sowie pharmazeutischen und elektronischen produkten - Google Patents
Sensorische pigmente für den einsatz auf lebensmitteln, verpackungen, papier sowie pharmazeutischen und elektronischen produkten Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009029964A2 WO2009029964A2 PCT/AT2008/000303 AT2008000303W WO2009029964A2 WO 2009029964 A2 WO2009029964 A2 WO 2009029964A2 AT 2008000303 W AT2008000303 W AT 2008000303W WO 2009029964 A2 WO2009029964 A2 WO 2009029964A2
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- pigments
- particles
- layer
- sensory
- color
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/15—Medicinal preparations ; Physical properties thereof, e.g. dissolubility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/52—Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper and including single- and multilayer analytical elements
Definitions
- the World Health Organization reports that 3.2 million children (under the age of five) die each year from foodborne illness. In the United States and Europe alone, millions of cases of food poisoning occur annually.
- the integration of sensory labels and labels printed from new "nano-ink" in and on food packaging materials allows these numbers to be significantly reduced.
- an application in the reactive smart smart design of products that reacts actively to a chemical or physical stimulus with a color change is useful and possible e.g. a mobile phone that changes color when touched.
- the invention multinano-coated pigments are applied to disposable packaging, films and labels but also injection molded parts and represent active and sensory elements (eg for proteins, DNA or other small ligands such as water CO 2 , organic vapors and solvents) the application of which primary via printing technology.
- active and sensory elements eg for proteins, DNA or other small ligands such as water CO 2 , organic vapors and solvents
- a printable pigment is described in the structure according to the invention which serves as the basis for a number of sensory pigment-based inks and thus printed labein serves.
- Aquareact - nanopigment for reversible detection and quantification of (air) moisture based on water-reactive polymers
- a pigment with a bioreactively changeable nanometric-thin layer for the detection of bacteria and fungi for use in food safety, a pigment with biological or chemically degradable nanometric-thin layer for the detection of
- Bacteria and fungi for use in the field of food safety, and a novel freeze - thawing indicator pigment for tracking the cold chain with nanometric freezable ( destructible) nano - resp. Microstructures.
- the invention relates to the particle structure using intelligent gel polymers which are applied to metallic, metal-containing or metal salt-containing pigment carrier particles and in turn are covered with nano-particles to achieve a resonance color effect.
- the nano-particles are applied by physical / chemical methods from gas, liquid or solid suspension.
- High vacuum methods sputtering, high vacuum evaporation,...) are usually not advantageous because they are too expensive for the application and for the coating of powders unsuitable.
- the Resonance Color Effect design provides the basis for a new type of sensor material that generates a signal that can be perceived by the eye and easily optically quantified.
- the key feature of a resonance color system is a color change caused by an external chemical or a physical stimulus such as humidity, temperature, ions, pH, microbial activity, or molecular interaction.
- Schalkhammer describes in particular a detailed description of the use of degradable REA thin films for use in food sensors in the diploma thesis of Martin Dragosists, 2005, University of Vienna, supervisor Prof. Schalkhammer and in detail in the book chapter: "Nanocluster Biochips and Cluster Nanotechnology” in "Biochips Nanotechnology” (copyright December 2005 - printed 2007, American scientific publishers) by J. Haglmüller, M. Dragosists, C. Gauglhofer, M. Koelber-Bauer, Th. Schalkhammer.
- WO2005054857 - 2005-06-16 or other methods for the detection of pathogens in foods eg "Automated process for detecting pathogenic organisms in water", US2004241828 - 2004-12-02
- the intelligent "nanoink” serves to guarantee the product quality, the shelf life To indicate the status of, for example, foods, to obtain their nutritional value through proper storage, it indicates the formation of odors and the alteration of aromas, and primarily the appearance of microbial growth in packaged food at the site of its application.
- the new nanopigments can be used for a variety of printable indicators that can indicate the state of a product, including: oxygen content, moisture, CO2 concentration, ethylene, product integrity, preservative concentration, ethanol emitter, status of anti-bacterial films, Antioxidants, flavor absorbers, release systems, lactose levels cholesterol, control of the state of microwave-heated products ("cooking state"), status of "microwave packaging systems", freezing and thawing, and more.
- Nano-inks for the following products can be constructed using the structure of the invention: humidity in food, electronics and pharmaceuticals, freeze-thaw indicator, oxygen leaks in packaging, fish spoilage, meat spoilage, poultry spoilage, rancid butter, milk - indicating spoilage, yoghurt, cream and sour cream, wet cheese - including bacterial infestation, cake, pudding, orange juice or apple juice or juices - spoil, olive oil, baby food quality control, cold chain, convenience food eg pizza, microwave ready, cooking sensor for microwave food, for foiled vegetables, vegetables in glass, cans - or preserved food packs, cut flowers, blister packaged medicines - impermeability and spoilage.
- Desiccants and labels are common in Europe and use drop-wicking nonwovens.
- the product according to the invention is a printed logo, an area or label integrated within a package e.g. of meat and fish together with humidity regulators on nonwovens.
- the pigment-based nanoinks described in this patent thus protect consumers from unsafe food when a nectar-printed food packaging material labels the consumer the presence of spoilage bacteria or fungi, and gives a distinctive visual signal to the consumer, retailer or inspector.
- Food deteriorates its properties through multiple independent processes or in networking through physical, biochemical and microbiological changes.
- First food changes are mostly based on chemical changes, oxidation reactions, lipolysis and both enzymatic activity and microbiological attack with toxin release. These can alter any food and make it unsuitable or unsafe for human consumption.
- intelligent packaging material it is of great interest to produce color indicators which are very simple and inexpensive and, moreover, can be integrated into existing production lines.
- the nanoink system according to the invention can be applied using commercially available printing equipment.
- the inks are either preprinted or, if not practicable, the products printed online during the packaging process at up to 50 m / min and 1000 tests per m 2 .
- the storability of the nanoink and the objects printed with it must be at least more than one year and be stable over a wide temperature range.
- Typical applications of smart nanoinks are printed area on packaging for fresh food (meat, sausages, poultry, fish, cheese, vegetables), dairy products (microbial status, smell, taste), to detect the status of added preservatives, the status of the light - or UV protection, the water content and gas permeability status (as required by the product) - in dry food, especially chips, snacks, spices, marinades, coffee, pre-baked food - the product should be well protected from humidity to be crispy, tender and to stay tasteful.
- Nanoparticle-based analysis allows the binding to directly visualize the dissociation or degradation of (bio) molecules to the eye - a similar direct approach without resonance effect and without nanoparticles requires additional amplification systems such as e.g. Enzymes (see ELISA), radioisotopes (RIA) or fluorescence immunoassays.
- Enzymes see ELISA
- RIA radioisotopes
- fluorescence immunoassays fluorescence immunoassays.
- Machine readable e.g. as a printed barcode
- resonant color systems has already been described in the applicant's previous patents, for example EP0677738; in short: The setup referred to an optochemical sensor for measuring substance concentrations with a reactive sensor layer.
- REA optochemical sensors were based on the fact that a chemical reaction between the sensor material and the analyte leads to a change in the optical properties of the sensor.
- a change in the optical properties may be, for example, a change in the absorption or the fluorescence properties, so that the reaction is detectable in the sequence by spectroscopic methods.
- Sensors of the type mentioned above are essentially characterized in that they have a mirror layer, a reactive, in particular swellable matrix and a layer of a plurality of islands of electrically conductive material, in particular metal.
- the property of sensor materials is exploited to reversibly change the volume under the influence of the particular chemical environment present.
- optochemical sensors of interest which can not be used again after a single use.
- Such optochemical sensors can exploit reactions that lead to the chemical destruction of metal island structures, such as gold islands by in situ evolution of hydrogen peroxide by oxidase enzymes and reaction with potassium iodide to a gold etch solution can be resolved.
- glucose glucose
- threshold indicators providing a visual (irreversible) indication when e.g. a limit temperature has been exceeded (e.g., freeze indicator), and other sophisticated indicators of pathogens have been described, e.g. in Method and apparatus for the detection of multiple biological materials with a heterogeneous antibody mixture, U.S. Pat. 6,696,264 February 24 (2004), Toxin Alert Inc. (TOX-V and TOXAF-OTC); United States Patent 6867052 (2005), T. Lander., W. Bodenhamer or Method and Apparatus for Detection of Multiple Biological Materials with a Heterogeneous Antibody Mixture, WO 2002/084251 by Toxin Alert Inc., W Bodenhamer.
- the aim of the construction according to the invention is not the development of sensors but a simpler and less expensive system based on pigment particles, preferably platelet-shaped nature, which are suitable as printing ink or ink for producing colored, usually visible to the eye imprints with sensory properties.
- Resonance color pigment nanoinks allow signal display without tools, recognizable to the naked eye, and thus ideally suited for self-application to packaging, films or products.
- Based on this principle of degradable gel layers in resonance color sensors [Vaccina thesis M. Dragosists 1995], which, however, for use in the food industry by the use of vacuum technology u.a. Processes are far too expensive, it was surprisingly possible to develop pigments which were also suitable for the detection of food changes.
- the simple and straightforward idea of using reactive and biodegradable polymers to measure the activity of enzymes from foods was achieved by particle suspensions of platelet-shaped pigments coated with multiple layers.
- the simplest pigment-based nanoinks result from the use of water-reactive polymers.
- the carrier pigments are blended with water-swellable polymers, e.g. based on poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers e.g. types 37, 55, 64, 73, modified polyoxazoles (di) NEN e.g. 2-ethyl-oxazoline, polyamines e.g. Polyallylamine o.a. coated.
- an air-moisture-sensitive nanoink is formed.
- Surfaces, characters or printed objects printed with this ink will vary depending on the polymer used (e.g., polyacrylates
- Replacement Sheet (Rule 26) even from 10% relative humidity and PVP-polyvinyl acetate copolymers with a higher proportion of PVAc only near the dew point) show a color effect by swelling of the nanopolymer gel layer.
- the reactive polymer on the pigment can be exposed to the light of a UV-Hg Dait ⁇ pfbrenners or a medium pressure lamp, which bring about a gel network education - so the stability can be increased and the degree of swelling can be adjusted.
- Sensory moisture indicating pigments can be used in many areas e.g. Food, packaging, pharmacy, paper and electronic products are used.
- the pigment-based nanoinks with suitable gel polymers as intermediate layers are sensitive to bacterial enzymes and showed a direct correlation with bacterial growth.
- the challenge for this invention was to produce an extremely layer-thickness-homogeneous coating of the carrier particles consisting of metal (or metal-containing or at least water-insoluble metal salts) with stable (bio) polymeric layers having a layer thickness of up to one micron in a technically feasible process .
- the pigment carriers for example of aluminum, first with an adhesion and corrosion protection layer of one nanometer to about 1 .mu.m (preferably 1-300 nm, particularly preferably 3-150 nm).
- pigment-based nanoinks are also directly sensitive to bacterial proteins without enzyme activity, and the color of the pigments shows a direct correlation with proteins, e.g. from a food or from bacterial growth. Release of nanoparticles bound to the pigments may also occur with cleavage of biorecognitive bonds primarily based on the displacement of reversible antibody-antigen interaction.
- a layer of (bio) recognitively bound nanoparticles is the basis of a REA color on the pigment particles due to resonance between the pigment surface and this layer of bound particles.
- nanoparticles tend to adsorb unspecifically due to high surface charge and the high density of adsorptive binding sites. Every drying of the nanoink leads to the accumulation of particle aggregates and often to a completely irreversible deposition, only suitable mostly water containing gel base masses are able to provide the necessary local water environment f for reversible protein particle chemistry. In addition, the binding partner must be properly designed to allow efficient but reversible networking.
- nanoparticle "release” pigments is not limited to protein quantification for food status, but can also be used for DNA analysis, medicine and diagnosis, but it must be emphasized that all reversible processes of high affinity (eg Antigen antibodies) for at least a few hours, but often days for equilibration - ideal for slow-acting intelligent pigments - but not for "normal” analysis in the laboratory.
- Freeze-thaw indicator pigments for nanoinks according to the structure according to the invention are also readily available which are capable of providing an optically recognizable indication as to whether or not a frozen article like a frozen meal following this
- Conventional indicator labels for freeze-thaw processes, make use of eg fusible liquids to produce a visible color change after unwanted thawing, and generally have dissolvable or breakable separating walls or divisions which break when the label has been completely frozen. Upon subsequent melting, one of the liquids exits here to mix with another reagent to provide a visible color change.
- Such species require the use of bulkhead materials, macroscopic films, labell or labels.
- the nano-REA pigments according to the invention have a reactive intermediate phase between the carrier particle surface and the nanoparticles which reacts with color changes when released from small capsules.
- the micro- or nanocapsules in the support matrix of the present invention Upon freezing, the micro- or nanocapsules in the support matrix of the present invention crack and within the next thawing phase the released reagent (eg, enzyme, acid, base, strong binding agent) irreversibly attacks the interlayer - resulting in a visible color change.
- a biodegradable polymer - a polyester - may be used as a reactive gel and an esterase in the capsules.
- a non-biochemical example can be used as a gel poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and in the capsules a tanning agent - tannins lead to a nearly irreversible crosslinking of PVP gels and thus to a color change.
- PVP poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone
- Pigment-based nanoinks for monitoring organic solvents and organic chemical vapors are made possible by using hydrophobic polymer networks.
- a hydrophobic polymer such as polypropylene, polybutadiene or related polymers allows the concentration of volatile organic solvents in the gas phase to be converted into a reversible optical signal. If a color effect is not sufficient for identification, a plurality of different nanoinks can also form a color array and the recognition of the component can be derived from the pattern recognition, for example for odors or to discriminate against gasoline and diesel.
- the carrier material used for the construction according to the invention can be a multiplicity of pigments, for example those of Merck KGaA (based on metal oxides) from Schlenk (based on Metals) and many other manufacturers.
- Well-known trade names are
- Iriodin®, Biflair® or Xirallic® Silica (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), mica or glass are also used as carrier materials for pigments.
- the diameters of typical carriers are in between 1 and 300 ⁇ m, depending on the application.
- pigments of metal oxides or even metals alloys with a reflective surface such as Al, Au, Ag, Cu, brass, Ti, Ni, Co, (noble) steel, Pd, Pt, Sn and their alloys
- a reflective surface such as Al, Au, Ag, Cu, brass, Ti, Ni, Co, (noble) steel, Pd, Pt, Sn and their alloys
- no pigments or inks with resonant color effects have existed that reversibly or irreversibly alter their color intelligently by external stimulation via chemical components (from humidity to nutrition status).
- the reactive polymer (3) is bound to carrier particles with ionic, hydrophobic or covalent bonds or it is "polymerized” directly onto the particle surface (eg chain extension of acrylates on an anchor molecule with silane function which can bind directly to metal oxide surfaces).
- Controlled Free Radical Polymerization which translates to "living" controlled free radical polymerization, abbreviated LFRP or CFRP, is a polymerization process in which the advantages of free radical polymerization are combined with the advantages of living polymerization through targeted choice of reaction conditions and copolymerizations are possible which are less susceptible to soiling, in which a high range of monomers can be used, which take place under relatively mild reaction conditions that yield very uniform polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution, and the controllable Po permit architectures.
- Main processes include: Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), initiator: organohalide RX, radical buffer: transition metal complex compound MXnLx; Stable Free Radical Polymerization (SFRP), radical buffer: stable radicals based on linear or cyclic nitroxides, eg (chemistry); Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT), initiator: peroxo or azo compound, more rarely photoinitiators or gamma rays Controlling species: substituted dithioester, xanthates or
- Trithiocarbonates In the controlled RAFT polymerization, in the ideal case, the rate of polymerization is unchanged from conventional free-radical polymerization. Depending on the structure of the RAFT agent used, however, negative deviations may occur, which are referred to as "retardation" of the rate
- the atom transfer radical polymerization hereinafter ATRP
- ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
- the ATRP supplies narrowly distributed (homo or hertero) polymers in the molar mass range up to about 120,000 g / mol - a particular advantage in this case, both the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution can be regulated with it the layer thickness (of the layer with the reference numeral 3.)
- the layer thickness of the layer with the reference numeral 3.
- Nanoparticles (reference numeral 4) of corrosion-stable metals or semiconductors (see also carrier particles) such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd, ...) are applied from solution by adsorption or chemical bonding or via in situ reduction (according to the literature, eg silver with Dimethylformamide or by means of polyol chemistry) directly on the surface of the
- Color nanoparticles are accessible by a variety of methods and are bound from solution or gas phase or adsorbed as a powder.
- Anionic dyes draw directly from aqueous medium onto pigments onto e.g. Have amino groups.
- Mordant dyes are bound to complex with chromium (III), iron (III) or aluminum salts insoluble as particles.
- Disperse dyes water-insoluble dyes are quasi (nano) particles, which are not dissolved in water due to small particle size and addition of wetting agents but are readily dispersible and also dye surfaces which have no free -NH 2 or -OH groups.
- Development or coupling dyes are applied to the pigments in two steps.
- Cationic dyes are preferable on anionically modified pigments.
- Vat dyes are water-insoluble dyes which are reduced to their soluble leuco form and precipitated onto the carrier pigments as color colloid (eg indigo, purple, indanthrene eg Blue RS and CI Vat Yellow, CI Vat Orange, CI Vat Red, CI Vat Violet, CI Vat Blue, CI Vat Green, CI Vat Brown and CI Vat Black
- color colloid eg indigo, purple, indanthrene eg Blue RS and CI Vat Yellow, CI Vat Orange, CI Vat Red, CI Vat Violet, CI Vat Blue, CI Vat Green, CI Vat Brown and CI Vat Black
- metal complex dyes and reactive dyes with particulate deposition are suitable as nanoparticles Pigment paints are particularly suitable by laking on a SuIfon-, phosphate or carboxyl group Examples of these are Acid Blue 3, Acid Blue 7, Acid Blue 9, Acid Green 81, Acid Red 33, Acid Red 274, Acid Yellow 23, Sunset
- Important pigments for nanoparticles are monoazo pigments: Pigment Brown, Orange, Red and Yellow, disazo pigments: CI. Pigment Orange, Red and Yellow, Anthanthrone Pigments: CI. Pigment Red, Anthrachinonpigmente: CI. Pigment Yellow and Violet, anthrapyrimidine pigments: CI. Pigment Yellow; Quinacridone pigments: CI. Pigment Red and Violet, quinophthalone pigments: CI. Pigment Yellow, dioxazine pigments: CI. Pigment Violet, Diketopyrrolopyrrolpigmente: CI. Pigment Orange and Red, flavanthrone pigments: CI. Pigment Yellow, Indanthrone Pigments: CI.
- Disperse Blue 3 (CI 61505), Disperse Blue 14 (CI 615006)
- Disperse Orange 1 (CI 11080), Disperse Orange 3 (CI 11005), Disperse Orange 11 (CI 60700), Disperse Orange 13 (CI 26080), Disperse Red 1 (CI 11110), Disperse Red 13 (CI 11115), Disperse Yellow 3 (CI 11855) ), Disperse Yellow 7 (CI 26090), Disperse Yellow 9 (CI 10375), Sudan 1 Yellow (CI 12055), Sudan II Orange (CI 12140), Sudan III Red (CI 26100), Sudan IV Red (CI 26105), Sudan Black B (CI 26150), Sudan Blue 1 (CI 61552), Sudan Blue 11 (CI 61554), Sudan Orange G (CI 11920), Sudan Red 7B (CI 26050).
- Solvent Violet 13 Solvent Blue 59, Solvent Green 3 or Solvent Red can advantageously be used to produce the nanoparticle
- Suitable inorganic nanoparticles include iron oxides (Cl.No., 77491, 77492, 77499), ultramarine (Cl.No., 77007), Ralph Blau / Ferric Blue (Cl.No.77510), carbon black / Carbon Black (Cl.No., 77267) Chromium oxide green (C 1.-No. 77288), chromium oxide hydrate green (C 1.-No. 77289), manganese violet (Cl.No. 77742), metal sulfides, metal oxides and suboxides and metals such as No. 77400), bronze (No. 77400), brass (Cl No. 77400), silver (Cl No.
- the nanopigments (composed of at least: pigment particles (1), reactive polymer nanofilm (3) and nanoparticle layer (4)) must be formulated with a mostly liquid carrier matrix (usually polymer solution, adhesive emulsion or particle suspension) and then mostly as a film of about 40-400% surface coating to be applied to a surface. In this way it is also possible to print, spray or paint semi-transparent layers in order to continue to provide a clear view of the goods.
- a mostly liquid carrier matrix usually polymer solution, adhesive emulsion or particle suspension
- Solvent, viscosity and "tackiness chemistry" for the nanoink must be optimized for printing, spraying or brushing depending on the application and material used in food, packaging, pharmaceutical, paper and electronic products as liquid ink or printable ink Indicators that can indicate the condition of a product, in particular the oxygen content, humidity, CO 2 concentration, product integrity, antibacterial film status, antioxidants, lactose content, cholesterol content, control of the state of microwave heating products ("cooking state”), status of "Microwave packaging systems", freezing and thawing processes, condition of vaccines, leaks in food and blister packs Test fields and test strips for fish spoilage, meat spoilage,
- the application of the sensory pigments for use in food, packaging, pharmaceutical products, paper and electronic products as liquid ink or printing ink for printable indicators is such that at least 25 pigment particles are usually printed to print a visible field of more than 25 mm 2 ,
- sensory pigments for use in food, packaging, pharmaceuticals, paper and electronic products is as a liquid ink or printing ink for printable indicators in flexographic, gravure and offset printing presses, as well as spray and stamping systems.
- sensory pigments for use in food, packaging, pharmaceutical products, paper and electronic products as a liquid ink or ink is suitable for printable indicators as a barcode and together with barcode and laser marking.
- a typical structure and procedure is: Layer 1: Metal nanoparticles 1 - 50 ⁇ m wide and 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m thick
- Layer 2 corrosion protection layer on the metal nanoparticles 1 - 100 nm, for example, oxides (Al 2 O 3 , SiÜ 2 , phosphates, ..) or polymers, inert, non-swelling
- Layer 3 50-300 nm thick, aqueous-swelling layer of a (bio) polymer
- Layer 4 metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, sub-to several monolayers thick (depending on size and extinction coefficients)
- Pigment suspended in material 5 lacquer formulation to form a mostly porous layer, e.g. from sticky microspheres or similar,
- Solvent must be compatible with layer 3 (bio) polymer. At the user: Printing the nanoink on different materials with layer 3 (bio) polymer.
- Example 1 Color effect on material with higher refractive index A layer of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, iron oxide or other materials such as nitrides or oxynitrides is applied to pigments (1) of ceramic (eg mica), glass or metal by chemical-reactive deposition in solution and gas phase. These oxides have efficient reflection of light at the phase boundary.
- ceramic eg mica
- pigments e.g. the company Merck already having the above-mentioned layer sequence are used.
- Known trade names are Iriodin®, Biflair® or Xirallic®.
- a layer of low refractive index organic smart polymers having a thickness between 5 and 500 nm (preferably 5 and 200 nm) is applied from solution.
- metallic, semiconductor e.g., Ge, Si, C
- chromophore dye
- nanoparticles are bonded to the surface of the polymer by adsorption from a suspension thereof.
- the resulting pigment is suspended in a solvent and printed on a surface.
- an adhesive polymer may be added to the solution to bind the pigments or the surface itself may be first tackified and then the pigments applied thereto (e.g., pressure sensitive adhesive, peelable film with underlying adhesive layer, adhesive particle coating, etc.).
- a non-dense particle layer of a metal or semiconductor nanoparticles e.g.
- Suitable metals are here e.g. Gold (mostly only with adhesive layer, stable but expensive), silver (moderately stable and poorly adhering), palladium, titanium,
- thermostable dyes can in one
- Sublimation Fluidized Bed reactor at sublimation temperatures of typically 400-600 ° C, if need be vapor-deposited directly under inert gas.
- pigments (1) preference is given to using platelet-shaped or fibrous particles of ceramic (for example mica, kaolin, talc), glass or metal.
- the material is usually first made with adhesive silicones coated.
- the silane is usually sprayed onto the oxide layer and baked (usually between 80 0 C and 160 0 C).
- the silane layers are crosslinked.
- silanes used are usually methoxy, ethoxy or chlorosilanes with suitable functional groups for bonding the polymer, for example vinyltriethoxysilane, various epoxides, for example glycidylsilanes, aminosilanes, for example aminopropyltriethoxysilanes, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and the like
- the reactive polymers are bound from solution to the surface by precipitation of the same, wherein advantageously a strong adsorption or a covalent chemical bond should take place on the particle surface.
- Nanoparticles can also be applied as colloids from a concentrated (»100 mg solid / 1 solution) and bound chemically or adsorptively. Colloidal solutions of lower concentration are usually unsuitable for technical processes (due to the long process time). Chemically labile colloids from e.g. Silver or copper are usually used protected with glass, ceramic or polymers and used coated with a 1 - 100 nm thick layer of the same. Particle protection polymers can be loaded to bind with high affinity to the oppositely charged surface of the thin layer, thus facilitating their adsorption. Also, hydrophobic attractions can be used here with advantage.
- Reactive pigments prepared according to Examples 1 to 3 are sprayed, doctored or dipped from e.g. Starch solution, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyurethanes or epoxy resin coated, creating the intelligent nanoink.
- the lacquer In order to allow the removal of nanoparticles from the gel matrix, the lacquer must not irreversibly stick to the nanoparticles.
- either a deliberately unstable component can first be drawn over the particles before they are embedded in the paint (eg thin layer of water-soluble polymer), the polymer itself be biodegradable or biodegradable (eg protein layer) or a porous matrix can be used in which the pigment particles enclosed but not directly enveloped (eg latex suspension of sticky latex particles (usually a few in size) which fix the pigments to the object but do not flow to a film throughout (eg particle latex made of polystyrene or PVAc thermally adhesive).
- the polymer itself be biodegradable or biodegradable (eg protein layer) or a porous matrix can be used in which the pigment particles enclosed but not directly enveloped (eg latex suspension of sticky latex particles (usually a few in size) which fix the pigments to the object but do not flow to a film throughout (eg particle latex made of polystyrene or PVAc thermally adhesive).
- the paint After printing, the paint is dried and cured if necessary at elevated temperature.
- the exact curing conditions As specified by the paint manufacturer.
- the object may also be coated with polymer solution by spraying, spinning or dipping, then the solvent removed and the film cured by UV radiation (e.g., acrylates), electron beam or thermally crosslinked.
- UV radiation e.g., acrylates
- Typical raw materials here are metallates of titanium (for example titanium ethoxylates), tetraethoxysilane, zirconium metalates or similar compounds which usually react with water under hydrolysis first to give hydroxides and after thermal treatment to crosslinked chemically-mechanically stable oxides with good surface adhesion.
- metallates of titanium for example titanium ethoxylates
- tetraethoxysilane for example titanium ethoxylates
- zirconium metalates or similar compounds which usually react with water under hydrolysis first to give hydroxides and after thermal treatment to crosslinked chemically-mechanically stable oxides with good surface adhesion.
- the layer thickness of the mostly deposited nanoparticulate layers is, depending on the application, between about 10 nm and a few micrometers.
- a layer of SiO 2 nanoparticles can be deposited via water-reactive pigments based on poly-N-vinylpyrrolidones by alkaline hydrolysis (for example with ammonia) of tetraethoxysilane without destroying the reactivity of the pigments.
- Hydrogels poly-N-vinylpyrrolidones, possibly crosslinked with UV, e-beam or bisazides), ionic polymers (polyacrylic acid (co) polymers, etc.), polymethacyrlates, polysulfonic acids and the like are primary here. mostly in combination with more hydrophobic molecules, e.g. Polyvinyl acetate but also various polyamines with success. The exact reaction conditions are highly material dependent and dependent on the water binding capacity of the polymers.
- Pigments (1) with reactive polymer layer (3) are coated with a soluble metal salt or a suspension of very fine, preferably less than 100 nm particles from the group of metals V, Cr, Mn, Fe. Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Sn, Pb, C, Si, Ge and Bi.
- the process can be assisted by precipitation by pH change, solvent modification or addition of an anion having precipitating properties.
- These particles are either themselves chromophoric or are formed from a precursor by reduction in situ (with, e.g., hydrazine, sodium hypophosphite, ascorbic acid, polyols, etc.).
- the average mass thickness for metallic particles should be about 5 nm, for chromophoric particles, proportional to their extinction coefficient.
- Particles according to any of Examples 1-8 are preferably applied to the surface of an object mixed with a polymer. Thereafter, another cover layer of a preferably organic polymer is applied.
- the layer thickness of the topcoat is between 0.1 and 100 .mu.m, preferably between 1 and 20 .mu.m.
- the top layer not only serves to protect the print layer but can also contain chemically important components and in particular prevent the escape of nanoparticles from the layer.
- colored pigments can be used instead of white or silver pigments (1).
- Iriodin® 100 Silver Pearl, 10 - 60 ⁇ m; Iriodin® 103, Rutile Sterling Silver, 10 - 60 ⁇ m; Iriodin® 111, Rutile Fine Satin, 1 -15 ⁇ m; Iriodin® 119, Polar White, 5 - 25 ⁇ m; Iriodin® 120, Luster Satin, 5 - 25 ⁇ m; Iriodin® 123, Bright Luster Satin, 5 - 25 ⁇ m; Iriodin® 153, Flash Pearl, 20 - 100 ⁇ m.
- Iriodin® Flash interference pigments Similar are also Iriodin® Flash interference pigments and Iriodin® Ultra interference pigments.
- Iriodin® Flash interference pigments Similar are also Iriodin® Flash interference pigments and Iriodin® Ultra interference pigments.
- the gold and metallic luster pigments, gold, bronze, copper and red luster effects can be achieved. All pigments can serve as the base for the new smart nanoinks if they are sufficiently large (> 300 nm) and have sufficient surface flatness (mostly platelet-shaped), allowing for intelligent nanoinks with virtually any color change.
- intensive warning colors red, orange, yellow
- as a base color tone according to the invention allow the warning of the consumer before modified products.
- the oldest way of producing pigments is by applying carbon from an aqueous suspension using suitable surfactants or by pyrolysis of organic compounds, the carbon naturally being deposited on the pigment surface.
- the pigment is mixed with a carbon black dispersion.
- a metal salt solution under precipitation conditions, a carbon-containing insoluble metal salt layer is precipitated onto the substrate.
- these pigments have a brown-gray character and only dull luster caused by coarse precipitated carbon agglomerates. Due to the different substrates, the weight fraction of carbon can vary.
- Silver can be cut down on intelligent pigments.
- the coating is e.g. by reduction of silver salts (analogous to other metal salts) in the presence of the particles in aqueous solution.
- Metallic nanoparticle layers are known as coatings, e.g. on quartz,
- Silver may e.g. by reduction with sugar (usually
- the surface must be coated with a primer, e.g. some monolayers of tin silicate or silicon organic compounds.
- polymeric thin films may be accomplished by a phase demixing process.
- a polymer is dissolved in a good solvent and the carrier particles (see above) are added.
- a poor or "nonsolvent” is preferably added slowly, and the precipitating polymer is bound to the support matrix as a thin, slowly thickening layer.
- solvents known for the polymer can preferably be of low toxicity, favorable price and appropriate Recycled technologies include alcohols such as ethanol, methanol, ethylhexanol, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, ketones such as MEK or acetone, solvents from the paint industry such as butyl (en) glycols, and water is preferred as a poor solvent -
- toxicologically harmless materials from the paint industry or known plastics often mixed with a primer to use.
- For proteins (gelatin, BSA, ..) is precipitated from a solution in water by the addition of organic solvent.
- polymeric thin films can be done by an in-situ polymerization process.
- a polymer precursor is dissolved in a not too good solvent and the carrier particles added.
- polymerization radical or polycondensation initiator is added or the temperature is raised.
- the polymer which becomes insoluble by chain extension, is bound to the carrier matrix as a thin, slowly thickening layer.
- polymers all known polymers can serve, preferably acrylates and methacrylates - also here are toxicologically harmless materials from the paint industry or known
- Plastics often mixed with a coupling agent e.g., silanes are preferred.
- Organic nanoparticles are preferably formed by dissolving in an organic solvent (e.g., N-methylpyrrolidione, ethanol, etc.) and precipitating in a nonsolvent (e.g., water, gasoline, and the like).
- organic solvent e.g., N-methylpyrrolidione, ethanol, etc.
- nonsolvent e.g., water, gasoline, and the like.
- dyes are monoazo-bis, monoazo-orange, disazo, ⁇ -naphthol, naphthol-AS, benzimidazolone, disazo, metal complex, isoindolinone or isoindoline pigments or phthalocyanine, quinacridone, perylene, perinone , Thioindigo, anthraquinone, anthrapyrimidine, flavanthrone, pyranthrone, anthanthrone, dioxazine, triarylcarbonium, quinophthalone or diketopyrrolo
- thermostable dyes are preferably formed by sublimation.
- dyes phthalocyanine,
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the pigment structure. The assignment of the reference numbers is to be carried out as follows:
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a nanoparticle "release” pigment, the assignment of the reference symbols being carried out as follows:
- Nanometric chromophoric particles (1 - 100 nm)
- Reversible binding system displaceable by the analyte molecule An enveloping binder prefers a macroscopic one
- Polymer film (for the inclusion of the pigments but also nanoparticles, for example, in a foil bag) serves here mostly to retain any released nanoparticles.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a freeze-thaw pigment. The assignment of the reference numbers is to be carried out as follows:
- Nanometric chromophoric particles (1-100 nm)
- Micro / nanocapsule with reagent which reacts with (3) after the capsule has burst 11.
- the arrow shows the particle surface distance (1), which is important for the formation of the resonance color, to nanometric-chromophoric particles (4), which changes after the freeze-thaw process
- the bursting of the (nano) capsules releases a reagent that chemically changes the nanostructure of the pigment, preferably the polymer layer itself, during the next thawing process, thereby causing a change in the color of the pigment.
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Priority Applications (3)
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US12/733,476 US8257980B2 (en) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-08-28 | Sensory pigments used on food, packaging, paper and pharmaceutical and electronic products |
DE112008002375.1T DE112008002375B4 (de) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-08-28 | Sensorische Pigmente für den Einsatz auf Lebensmitteln, Verpackungen, Papier sowie pharmazeutischen und elektronischen Produkten |
GB1003386.8A GB2465121B (en) | 2007-09-03 | 2008-08-28 | Sensory pigments used on food, packaging, paper and pharmaceutical and electronic products |
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AT0137207A AT504655B1 (de) | 2007-09-03 | 2007-09-03 | Sensorische pigmente für den einsatz auf lebensmitteln, verpackungen, papier sowie pharmazeutischen und elektronischen produkten |
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KR101301156B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-21 | 2013-09-03 | 주식회사 알로텍 | 일회용 의료 핸드피스의 재사용 확인장치 |
US10794833B2 (en) * | 2010-08-16 | 2020-10-06 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Packaging and methods for detecting exposure of a perishable good to an elevated temperature |
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US20100209521A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
DE112008002375A5 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
AT504655A4 (de) | 2008-07-15 |
US8257980B2 (en) | 2012-09-04 |
WO2009029964A3 (de) | 2009-07-09 |
GB2465121A (en) | 2010-05-12 |
AT504655B1 (de) | 2008-07-15 |
GB2465121B (en) | 2012-08-01 |
GB201003386D0 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
DE112008002375B4 (de) | 2021-12-09 |
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