WO2008154869A1 - Examination microscope for biochemical reactor - Google Patents
Examination microscope for biochemical reactor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008154869A1 WO2008154869A1 PCT/CN2008/071348 CN2008071348W WO2008154869A1 WO 2008154869 A1 WO2008154869 A1 WO 2008154869A1 CN 2008071348 W CN2008071348 W CN 2008071348W WO 2008154869 A1 WO2008154869 A1 WO 2008154869A1
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- sampling
- cell
- fermentation
- biochemical reactor
- sensor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/06—Means for illuminating specimens
- G02B21/08—Condensers
- G02B21/082—Condensers for incident illumination only
- G02B21/084—Condensers for incident illumination only having annular illumination around the objective
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
- G02B21/361—Optical details, e.g. image relay to the camera or image sensor
Definitions
- a new biochemical reactor that can be used for multi-parameter correlation analysis
- the present invention relates to a biochemical reactor, and more particularly to a biochemical reactor having an in-line cell microscopy apparatus.
- the present invention also relates to a biochemical reactor that can be used for parameter correlation analysis and has an online cell microscopic observer under the guidance of multi-scale theory. Background technique
- the online cell microscopy instrument inserted into the fermenter must meet the following basic requirements: 1) The resolution and field of view of the microscopic observer clearly distinguish between bacteria, fungi and animal cells, dead cells and living cells, and corresponding morphological analysis 2) Due to changes in cell concentration during the culture process, the microscopic observer must have a corresponding maximum concentration limit; 3) It must overcome the growth or adsorption of the lens surface formed by the microprobe after long-term insertion into the fermenter; 4) Microscopic observer The structure facilitates sterilization and aseptic processing of the bioreactor; 5) The microscopic viewer must have real-time digital image signal conversion and processing capabilities that meet the reactor requirements.
- Fig. 1 The monochromatic ultraviolet light emitted by the laser is spatially filtered by the lens L1 and the small hole, and then reflected by the two-color lens to the objective lens through the lens groups L2 and L3, and then projected by the objective lens into the biochemical reactor cavity.
- the fluorescence generated by the cells is concentrated by the objective lens, the two-color lens and the mirror, and then filtered to form a synchronous camera.
- the exposure time of the synchronous camera is required to be short, generally not more than 2 ms (it may need to be adjusted depending on the magnification).
- the advantage of this method is that no complicated mechanical sampling devices are required.
- the scheme adopts a bright field illumination method, and the contrast and resolution of the image formed by the transparent cells are not good; and because of the high-speed photography and the single-wavelength fluorescence excitation method, it is costly to replace the excitation light wavelength in use.
- a US patent introduced a microscopy instrument based on online sampling (US 6, 809, 862).
- the sampling window 4 moves back and forth.
- the cell solution in the biochemical reactor 10 flows into the observation chamber 12; when the sampling window 4 moves to another position At the time, the cell solution in the observation chamber 12 is relatively stable for microscopic observation.
- a cleaning chamber is specially designed as shown in FIG. Pull the lever 2 to make the microscope head and sampling window 4 Arriving at the cleaning chamber position, the cleaning chamber wall has a hole 8 for introducing steam or disinfectant for disinfection or cleaning. At this position, the microscope lens can be easily replaced.
- the scheme adopts the bright field illumination mode, and the contrast and resolution of the image formed by the transparent cells are not good; and because the illumination system works in the biochemical reactor, it is inconvenient to replace the light source, switch the excitation wavelength of the light source, and cannot distinguish different types of Cells, such as dead cells and living cells; and frequent sampling and disinfection can cause hidden dangers to online biological culture.
- German patent DE10350243 introduced an online cell microscopic observer using SLD (Super Light Diode) illumination, Mult imode Fiber (multimode fiber) transmission, and synchronous high-speed imaging.
- SLD Super Light Diode
- Mult imode Fiber multimode fiber
- the light from the laser or light-emitting diode is transmitted to the biochemical reactor through the multimode fiber, and the cells in the biochemical reactor (reactor) are irradiated.
- the light reflected by the cells is concentrated by the objective lens and imaged on the CCD camera. Since the cells are constantly moving in the biochemical reactor, the exposure time of the camera is required to be small, so that the cell image can be grasped in an instant.
- the picture taken by the camera is sent to the computer for processing.
- the scheme adopts a bright field illumination method, and the contrast and resolution of the image formed by the transparent cells are not good; and since the high speed camera is inevitably used in the case where the bioreactor is stirred rapidly, since there is no sampling device to limit the depth of field, The effect of the scheme shown in Figure 1 cannot eliminate the depth of field.
- the light source uses a complex SLD (Super Light Diode)
- the light source driving controller is more complicated, so it is more difficult to replace the light source and switch the excitation wavelength.
- monitoring the amount of viable cells is important when producing products with living cells, especially with the progress of metabolic engineering research, which has been successfully applied to microbial breeding, optimization of existing processes, new product development, and environmental management.
- the current development trend is to combine the fermentation process with the process mechanism research in the cell, and combine sensor technology, computer technology, isotope technology, and various laboratory measurement techniques to form a real-time metabolic flow analysis.
- the amount of living cells important for measuring real-time metabolic flow can only be measured by manual measurement by laboratory or by indirect method with large error. It is necessary to combine online live cell concentration measurement technology with metabolic flow analysis to form a new research technology route.
- the device has multi-parameter online parameter detection or control from the viewpoint of material flow detection in bioreactor, and concentrates on developing a multi-reactor characteristics, integrating various process theories and control theories, facilitating the process analysis of the fermentation process and A package that optimizes operations.
- a first object of the invention is to obtain a biochemical reactor with an on-line cell microscopy.
- a second object of the present invention is to use dark field illumination to improve the contrast and resolution of an image formed by an on-line cell microscopic viewer for cells; to provide an external light source system with interchangeable wavelengths; a mechanical sampling device with simple structure, operation An in-line cell microscopy for biochemical reactors that is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
- a third object of the present invention is to form a biochemical reactor for parameter correlation analysis under the guidance of a multi-scale theory to form a new method for optimization and amplification of a fermentation process.
- it is equipped with an online cell microscopy and live cell volume measurement technology, which in turn is combined with other measurement techniques to form a bioreactor for correlation analysis.
- a fourth object of the present invention is to obtain an application of the biochemical reactor of the present invention in the optimization and amplification of a fermentation process.
- the technical solution provided is as follows:
- a biochemical reactor having an on-line microscopic observer wherein the biochemical reactor is provided with an on-line cell microscopic observer, the on-line cell microscopic observer, including an observer main body, an objective lens, an observation window, a sampling device, External light source system; observe the entrance window at the front end of the main body of the observer; observe the sampling device at the front of the entrance window, and observe the objective lens and the external light source system behind the entrance window.
- the characteristics are: between the external light source system and the objective lens Reflecting prism, behind the objective lens, a reflector is arranged in front of the entrance window, an annular diaphragm is placed in front of the reflecting prism, and a CCD or area array image sensor is arranged on the upper side of the reflecting prism;
- the sampling device is composed of a sampling block, an elastic component, and a moving device.
- the elastic block is connected between the sampling block and the driving shaft of the moving device, and the gap between the front end surface of the sampling block and the observation incident window constitutes a sampling pool.
- the biochemical reactor is a microbial reactor, an animal cell reactor, or a photobioreactor.
- the main body of the online cell microscopic observer is connected to the biochemical reactor through a lock nut, and a sealing ring is sealed between the main body of the online cell microscopic observer and the biochemical reactor.
- the external light source system is composed of a light source, a condensing mirror, and a replaceable color filter; the light source is a 3 ⁇ 4 lamp or an LED lamp, and the emitted light is focused by the condensing mirror to form a parallel beam.
- the desired band of light is produced by a changeable color filter.
- one of the moving devices is composed of a driving shaft, a connecting rod, a sampling rod, and an elastic member, wherein a connecting rod equipped with a driving shaft is connected with the sampling rod through a screw, and the sampling rod is connected.
- the elastic element is sealed and joined at the joint by welding, while the other end face of the elastic element is also connected to the body of the observer by welding at the joint.
- the mobile device is composed of a drive shaft, a motor, and a sampling cylinder, wherein the sampling cylinder is connected to the front end of the main body of the observer, and the motor is output at the rear end of the sampling cylinder. Connect the drive shaft.
- the sampling block is composed of three cylinders of different diameters and is made of stainless steel or sapphire material.
- the CCD or area array image sensor transmits the digital signal to the image acquisition processing unit via photoelectric conversion, and the collection processing unit sends the processing result to the computer for analysis, display or storage.
- the bioreactor has a living cell volume sensor on the can body.
- the living cell volume sensor employs a living cell volume sensor of a four-electrode system.
- the living cell volume sensor adopts a four-electrode system, mainly based on living cells placed in an alternating electric field. Since the protoplasts in the cells act as electrolytes, the capacitance and biomass formed by the polarization of the alternating electric field are Correspondence relationship. Changing the frequency of the alternating electric field produces different polarization effects, thereby determining the optimal measurement conditions.
- the measured capacitance values are transmitted to the computer data processing through a unified signal, as the basis for the multi-parameter correlation analysis of the biomass.
- the bioreactor has the following components for process optimization and data amplification:
- Sensing system for instrumentation and sensing devices with multi-parameter detection and control, with mounting brackets and process piping systems, and electrical control cabinets with industrial PCs and actuators.
- the sensing system comprises a temperature sensor, a pH sensor, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a full tank weighing sensor, and an exhaust gas C0. 2 interface, exhaust 0 2 interface, speed sensor, pressure sensor, defoaming sensor;
- the multi-parameter refers to temperature, stirring speed, ventilation flow, tank pressure, defoaming, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, true volume of fermentation broth and Weight, feed amount including matrix, precursor, oil, acid and alkali, tail gas C0 2 and 3 ⁇ 4.
- the belt mounting bracket and the process piping system include a material bottle; a preheater; a full tank weighing support; a special bracket for sampling; a tank assembly; a quick assembly and disassembly base; an electric motor; ; oil water separator; pressure reducing valve); filter; flow meter; air filter; pressure gauge; cooler; pipeline sight glass; water heater; no dead volume sampling valve; defoaming sensor interface; exhaust gas C0 2 interface; 2 interface; temperature sensor; pH sensing interface; DO sensor interface.
- the electrical control cabinet with the industrial computer and the execution component comprises: a thermal mass flow meter; a high precision peristaltic pump; a matrix feeding electronic scale; a precursor or an oil electronic scale; an acid and alkali electronic scale; Circulating pump; solenoid valve; digital-to-analog converter; analog/digital converter; lower position machine; upper computer; modem;
- the computer software in the control cabinet and the execution unit control cabinet is based on the requirements of field data collection and operation and process optimization requirements, and performs online parameter collection, offline parameter calculation, Parameter data record and online control of some parameters, the data of all parameters are transmitted to the upper computer through the local area network synchronization, the programming language and the c language are used to program the upper computer and the lower computer separately, and simple redundancy is used in data recording. technology.
- An online cell microscopic observer comprises an observer body, an objective lens, an observation window, a sampling device, and an external light source system; an observation window is arranged at the front end of the main body of the observer, and a sampling device is arranged at the front of the entrance window, and the inside of the observer body Observing the objective lens and the external light source system behind the entrance window, the feature is: a reflective prism is arranged between the external light source system and the objective lens, and behind the objective lens, a mirror is arranged in front of the entrance window, and an annular diaphragm is placed in front of the reflective prism, and the reflective prism is disposed.
- the upper part of the side is provided with a CCD or area array image sensor;
- the sampling device is composed of a sampling block, an elastic element, and a moving device, wherein an elastic element is connected between the sampling block and the driving shaft of the moving device, and between the front end surface of the sampling block and the observation incident window
- the gaps constitute the sampling pool.
- a fermentation process using the biochemical reactor of the present invention comprising the steps of:
- physiological metabolic parameter is selected from the group consisting of: dissolved oxygen, oxygen uptake rate, pH, carbon dioxide release rate, respiratory quotient, viable cell mass or cell morphology, measured metabolite or matrix consumption, or a combination thereof;
- step (b) comparing the physiological metabolic parameter, the physiological metabolic parameter-related characteristic measured in the step (a) with a predetermined value of a physiological metabolic parameter, a physiological metabolic parameter-related characteristic, or a combination thereof; and selecting the closest to the predetermined value a bioreactor device; determining an optimized amplifying bioreactor device;
- physiological metabolic parameter is as described in step (a).
- the measured metabolite or matrix consumption is a metabolite or matrix consumption manually determined by the laboratory.
- the bioreactor device is selected from the group consisting of vitamin B 12 , or a cephalosporin fermentation device.
- the bioreactor device is a fermentor having a capacity of 20-2000 m 3 .
- the method detects a plurality of process control parameters of the bioreactor to obtain physiological metabolic parameters, physiological metabolic parameter related characteristics or a combination thereof in the fermentation process, wherein
- the plurality of process control parameters are temperature, agitation speed, aeration flow rate, tank pressure, defoaming, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, true volume and weight of the fermentation broth, including feed amount of matrix, precursor, oil, acid and alkali. , Exhaust C0 2 and 3 ⁇ 4.
- the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) is obtained by measuring the tail gas oxygen concentration, the aeration flow rate, and the fermentation liquid volume; more specifically, for example, by adopting the following formula:
- the above calculation process can also be carried out by a computer analysis software package; for example, calculated by the fermentation process real-time data analysis software package BI0STAR (commercially available).
- step (b) in the comparing process of step (b), the following steps are further included:
- the physiological metabolic characteristic parameter characteristics, physiological metabolic parameter related characteristics or a combination thereof of the bioreactor device are adjusted by adjusting the oxygen consumption rate and dissolution.
- the method detects temperature, agitation speed, aeration flow rate, tank pressure, defoaming, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, true volume and weight of the fermentation broth, and the feed amount includes matrix, precursor, oil, acid and alkali.
- Exhaust gas C0 2 and 3 ⁇ 4 adjust oxygen consumption rate and dissolved oxygen concentration, rotational speed or flow and dissolved oxygen concentration, sugar and pH, sugar and carbon dioxide release rate, carbon dioxide release rate and bacterial count, carbon dioxide release rate and pH, The relationship between the rate of carbon dioxide release and the rate of oxygen consumption, aeration flow and pH controls the fermentation process.
- the predetermined value in the step (b) is a physiological metabolic parameter, a physiological metabolic parameter related characteristic or a combination thereof in a small tank fermentation condition; wherein the bioreactor device is opposite to the small can
- the magnification of the volume is not less than 20 to 2000 times.
- the canister is 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100 liters.
- a fourth aspect of the invention provides the use of a biochemical reactor according to the invention for the optimization and amplification of a fermentation process.
- the light source of the in-line microscopic observer of the biochemical reactor with the online microscopic observer emits parallel beams through different replaceable color filters to generate light of a specific wavelength band
- the incident is processed by the annular aperture sheet processing.
- the light is converted into a circular parallel beam, and a mirror having a large annular aperture angle is formed through the mirror to illuminate the cell solution inside the sampling cell formed between the sampling block and the observation window of the viewer. Since the illumination is incident on the cell solution, the light does not return to the objective. Therefore the field of view is a dark field.
- the external light source system of the present invention can easily change the wavelength by replacing different color filters; at the same time, the dark field illumination can improve the contrast and resolution of the image formed by the observer for transparent cells, so that the reaction process can be dynamically observed.
- the morphology of bacteria, fungi, and animal cells distinguishes dead cells from living cells and provides morphological analysis to guide the optimization of the fermentation process.
- the sampling device of the online microscopic observer of the reactor is composed of a sampling block, an elastic member, and a moving device, a gap between the end surface of the sampling block and the observation window of the observer forms a sampling pool isolated from the biochemical reactor.
- the solution cells in the sampling tank are relatively isolated from the solution cells in the biochemical reactor, and do not move with the agitator of the biochemical reactor, which is convenient for observation.
- the biochemical reactor with online microscopic observer has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient use and low manufacturing cost.
- This patent application is based on the research of multi-scale problems in bioreactors that have been proposed, and attempts to solve the above system problems by engineering methods.
- the complex biological processes in the bioreactor are decomposed into different scale characteristics studies, and the relationships between events of different scales are studied, and the quantitative changes thereof are studied.
- the qualitative change, and the resulting impact on the overall complexity of the system provides a basis for addressing the local and overall relationship of fermentation process optimization and amplification.
- the living cell volume sensor and the online cell microscopic observer provided by the present invention provide an important basis for the metabolic regulation analysis of the fermentation process and the growth of the cells.
- the living cell volume sensor is difficult to overcome the differentiation of the solid medium-containing composite medium and the dead and living cells due to the real-time growth of the provided cell growth, the elemental metabolism of the fermentation process, the secondary metabolism regulation, the element balance of the fermentation process, and the metabolic engineering research. Accurate studies such as isotope analysis offer possibilities.
- the online microscopic viewer provided by the present patent illuminates the light around the cell solution, the light does not return into the objective lens, so the field of view is a dark field, thereby improving the image of the observer for the transparent cells. Contrast and resolution, so The morphology of bacteria, fungi and animal cells during the reaction can be dynamically observed, and dead cells and living cells can be distinguished, and corresponding morphology analysis can be performed to provide guidance for optimization of the fermentation process.
- the morphological changes of the fermentation process are correlated with all the detection parameters by computer data processing, which has real-time, dynamic and correlation, and provides an important basis for the multi-scale parameter analysis of the fermentation process.
- Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of an in-line microscopic apparatus for fluorescence excitation
- Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the optical principle of the microscopic viewer of U.S. Patent No. 6,809,862;
- FIGS. 4a-4c are schematic structural views of various embodiments of the biochemical reactor of the present invention.
- Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of the control parameters of the biochemical reactor
- Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of the piping system of the biochemical reactor
- Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of the tank.
- Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a specific embodiment of the biochemical reactor of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of another embodiment of the biochemical reactor of the present invention.
- Figures 7 and 8 are schematic illustrations of the operation of the on-line microscopic sample cell in a biochemical reactor.
- Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of the optical illumination and imaging optical path of an in-line microscopic viewer in a biochemical reactor of the present invention.
- Figure 10 is a result of optimization and amplification of the fermentation process of the biochemical reactor of the present invention applied to cephalosporin C:
- 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ - Figure 10a is the characteristic relationship between DO and OUR in the fermentation process in Example 3 (Characteri ic relationship between DO and OUR in the fermentat ion process)
- Figure 10b is a parameter change resulting from the shift of carbon sources ut i izat ion in Example 3.
- Figure 10c is a graph showing the real-time changes in the physiological and metabolic parameters of various cells in the small-scale and industrial-scale fermenters in Example 3. (The change tendencies of real t ime phys iological parameters between lab scale and industrial scale f ermenters)
- Figure 10d is a plot of pH and RQ from lab scale f ermenter and industrial f ermenter in the multi-lot small test and industrial scale fermenter in Example 3.
- Figure lOe is an axial view of the flow field distribution in the tank of Example 3 (ventilation A: 0. 5vvm, B:
- Figure lOf is an axial view of the volume distribution of the air in the tank of Example 3 (ventilation A: 0. 5vvm, B:
- FIG. 10g is a simulation diagram of the axial shape of the fermenter paddle type and air volume distribution in the modified example 3 (The impel ler comb inat ions And simulated air volume fract ion in a vert ical plane of 160m 3 f ermentor after alterat ion)
- Figure 10h is a cephalosporin C fermentation process curve before and after the change of the length of the stirring paddle in Example 3, (F is a transformation Former, L is the process paramteters of cephalosporin fermentat ion before and after the change of the impeller lengths.
- Figure 11 is a result of optimization and amplification of the fermentation process of the biochemical reactor of the present invention applied to VB 12 : wherein: Figure 11a is the metabolic curve obtained in the 9 m 3 pilot fermentor in Example 4 (The process paramteters of VB 12 Fermentat ion in 9m 3 f ermentor)
- Figure l ib is the process paramteters of VB12 fermentate in low dissolved oxygen concentration
- Figure 11c is the process paramteters of VB12 fermentation in high di ssolved oxygen concentration in Example 4.
- Figure l id is the dynamic process of total sugar, amino nitrogen, dry weight of bacteria and VB 12 in two different dissolved oxygen control tanks in Example 4 (Time prof i les of total sugar, NH 2 -N, cel l Growth and VB 12 product ion in two DOC control levels )
- Figure 1 is a variation of the growth rate and specific product formation rate of the fermentation process in the case of two different oxygen supply capacities in Example 4.
- ⁇ time prof i les of spec if ic growth rate ( ⁇ ) and spec if ic product ion rate (q p ) of VB 12 fermentat ion in two DOC control levels.
- an in-line cell microscopy apparatus 4 is provided in the biochemical reactor 41.
- the in-line cell microscope main body 43 is connected to the biochemical reactor 41 through a lock nut 42, and a sealing ring 45 is used between the in-line cell microscope main body 43 and the biochemical reactor 41. seal.
- the biochemical reactor 41 includes, but is not limited to, a microbial reactor, an animal cell reactor, and a photobioreactor.
- the installation position of the in-line cell observer 4 is not particularly limited as long as the observation object in the biochemical reactor can be observed.
- it can be installed in a desired position in the biochemical reactor in a conventional manner and in position, for example, at a position where the wall is 36% to 70% relative to the full volume.
- Cell growth and morphological changes in the biochemical reactor can be observed using the in-line cell viewer of the present invention. Specifically, for example, the number of cells is counted using the on-line cell microscopy apparatus.
- a conventional agitating device in the art may be provided, and the agitating device is not particularly limited as long as the desired agitation and mixing of the system in the biochemical reactor is carried out.
- the biochemical reactor of the present invention may further comprise a conventional detecting device, specifically, for example, one or more of pH, DO (dissolved oxygen sensor), and temperature sensor.
- a conventional detecting device specifically, for example, one or more of pH, DO (dissolved oxygen sensor), and temperature sensor.
- the detecting means is not particularly limited as long as the required parameters of the system in the biochemical reactor are measured.
- the sampling device 40 is composed of a sampling block 21, an elastic member 38, and a moving device, wherein The elastic member 38 is connected between the sampling block 21 and the drive shaft 51 of the moving device, and the gap between the front end surface of the sampling block 21 and the observation incident window 22 constitutes the sampling pool 50.
- one of the moving devices is composed of a driving shaft 51, a connecting rod 46, a sampling rod 44, and an elastic member 39.
- the connecting rod 46 equipped with the driving shaft 51 is connected to the sampling rod 44 by a screw 47, and the sampling rod is connected.
- 44 is sealed and joined to the spring element 39 by welding at 9a, while the other end face of the spring element 39 is also joined to the scope body 43 by welding at 9b.
- the observer observes that the entrance window 22 is immersed in the interior of the biochemical reactor 41, and the material thereof is quartz glass or sapphire.
- the sample block 21 is in the shape of three cylinders of different diameters and is made of stainless steel or sapphire material. One end face is welded to the elastic member 38, and the other end face is movable left and right along the central axis of the observation window of the viewer, and a sampling tank 50 is formed with the observation window 22 of the observation device.
- the elastic members 38, 39 are all made of stainless steel, and the connecting rod 46 and the tie rod 44 are also made of stainless steel.
- the connecting rod 46 moves the sampling block 21 in the direction away from the observation window 22 by the elastic member 38, and the sampling block 21 and the observation window 22 are observed.
- the distance between the sample block 21 and the observation window 22 is communicated with the biochemical reactor 41, and the cell solution of the sample cell is connected to the cell solution in the biochemical reactor.
- the connecting rod 46 moves the sampling block 21 in the direction of approaching the observation window 22 by the elastic member 38, the distance between the sampling block 21 and the observation window 22 becomes small, and when the limit position is reached, the sampling block 21 is The gap space between the end face and the observation window 22 forms a sampling cell 50 which is isolated from the biochemical reactor 41.
- the solution cells in the sampling cell 50 are relatively isolated from the solution cells in the biochemical reactor, and do not follow the biochemical reactor.
- the agitator moves for easy viewing.
- the depth of the formed sampling cell can be obtained by controlling the distance between the end face of the sampling block 21 and the observation window 22 of the viewer.
- the second moving device is composed of a driving shaft 51, a motor 48, and a sampling cylinder 49.
- the sampling cylinder 49 is connected to the front end of the main body 43 of the apparatus, and the motor 48 is disposed at the rear end of the sampling cylinder 49.
- the drive shaft 51 is connected.
- the scope main body 43 and the biochemical reactor 41 are connected by a lock nut 42.
- the sampling cell 50 is composed of a gap between one end face of the sampling block 21 and the observation window 22 of the viewer.
- the motor 48 is a high temperature resistant motor that is sealed in the portion of the scope body 43 that is immersed in the biochemical reactor solution.
- the motor 48 drives the sampling block 21 through the elastic member 38 to move to a limit position in a direction in which the volume of the sampling pool 50 becomes smaller, the cell solution in the sampling pool 50 is isolated from the solution in the biochemical reactor 41, so that the cells in the sampling pool are The solution is relatively static and easy to observe.
- the motor 48 drives the sampling block 21 to move in the other direction, the solution in the sampling cell 50 is mixed with the cell solution in the biochemical reactor 41.
- the on-line microscopic observer includes the viewer main body 43, reflection The mirror 23, the objective lens 24, the entrance window 22, the sampling device 40, the external light source system 60, the reflective prism 25, the annular diaphragm 26, the CCD or the area array image sensor 30.
- the front end of the main body of the viewer is provided with an observation window 22, and the sampling device 40 is disposed at the front of the entrance window 22, and the inside of the main body 43 is observed, and the objective lens 24 and the external light source system 60 are placed behind the entrance window 22.
- a reflecting prism 25 is disposed between the external light source system 60 and the objective lens 24, and behind the objective lens 24, a mirror 23 is disposed in front of the incident window 22.
- the annular diaphragm 26 is placed in front of the reflecting prism 25.
- the CCD or surface is disposed on the upper side of the reflecting prism 25. Image sensor 30.
- the external light source system 60 is composed of a light source 28, a condensing mirror 29, and a replaceable color filter 27; the light source 28 can be a halogen lamp or an LED lamp, and the emitted light is focused by the condensing mirror 29 to form a parallel beam.
- the parallel beams are passed through the replaceable color filter 27 to produce light of a particular wavelength band, the incident light is converted into a circular parallel beam by the annular aperture 26 processing.
- the annular parallel beam passes through the mirror 23 to form a cell solution having a large annular aperture angle to illuminate the interior of the sampling cell formed between the sampling block 21 and the viewer viewing window 22. Since the illumination light is incident illumination around the cell solution, the light does not return to the objective lens 24.
- the field of view is a dark field. Only the reflected light of the cells or particles in the irradiated solution enters the objective lens 24, is reflected by the 45-degree reflecting prism 25 plated with the reflective film, and is projected onto the CCD or the area array image sensor 30. After 30 photoelectric conversion, the digital signal is transmitted to the image acquisition processing unit 31.
- the image acquisition processing unit 31 sends the processing result to the computer 32 for analysis, display or storage.
- the bioreactor has a living cell volume sensor 13 disposed on the can body.
- the living cell amount sensor 13 may employ a living cell sensor 13 conventional in the art; preferably, the live cell amount sensor 13 employs a living cell amount sensor of a four-electrode system.
- the four-electrode system of the living cell volume sensor 13 is mainly based on living cells placed in an alternating electric field, and the capacitance and the biological formed by the polarization of the alternating electric field due to the action of the protoplasts in the cells. The quantity is corresponding. Changing the frequency of the alternating electric field produces different polarization effects, thereby determining the optimal measurement conditions.
- the measured capacitance values are transmitted to the computer data processing through a unified signal, as the basis for the multi-parameter correlation analysis of the biomass.
- the tank of the biochemical reactor 41 is further provided with the following components for process optimization and data amplification:
- sensing system 100 (Fig. 4a) with instrumentation and sensing device for multi-parameter detection and control, with mounting bracket and process piping system 200 (Fig. 4c) and with industrial computer and execution Electrical control cabinet 300 for components (S 4b).
- the sensing system 100 of the instrumentation and sensing device with multi-parameter detection and control of Fig. 4a comprises a temperature sensor 1, a pH sensor 2, a dissolved oxygen sensor 3, a full tank weighing sensor 14, an exhaust gas C0 2 interface 5 , exhaust gas 0 2 interface 6, speed sensor 7, pressure sensor 8, defoaming sensor 9 and living cell volume sensor 13 and online microscopic observer 4;
- the multi-parameters include temperature, stirring speed, ventilation flow, tank pressure, Defoaming, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, true volume and weight of fermentation broth, feed amount including matrix, precursor, oil, acid and alkali, tail gas C0 2 and 0 2 , living cell volume parameters, on-line microscopic observation parameter.
- the tank of the biochemical reactor 41 is provided with a mounting bracket and a process piping system 200, including a bottle 72; a preheater 74; a full tank weighing support 75; a special bracket 76 for sampling; a tank assembly 77 Quick assembly and disassembler Seat 78; motor 79; pipe rack 80; oil water separator 81; pressure reducing valve 82; filter 83; flow meter 84; air filter 85; pressure gauge 86; cooler 87; pipe sight glass 88; water heater 89; Dead volume sampling valve 90; defoaming sensor interface 91; exhaust gas C0 2 interface 92; exhaust gas 0 2 interface 93; temperature sensor 94; pH sensing interface 95; DO sensor interface 96.
- the biochemical reactor 41 is also provided with a sensing system 100 (not shown).
- the electrical control cabinet 300 with the industrial computer and the execution components includes: a thermal mass flow meter
- the biochemical reactor 41 is also provided with a sensing system 100 (not shown).
- the computer software in the control cabinet and the execution unit control cabinet is configured to perform online parameter acquisition, offline parameter calculation, and parameter data according to requirements of field data collection and operation and process optimization requirements.
- the online control of the record and some parameters, the data of all parameters are transmitted to the upper computer through the local area network synchronization, the programming language and the c language are used to program the upper computer and the lower computer separately, and the simple redundancy technology is used in data recording.
- Example 1 an in-line cell microscopy apparatus for a biochemical reactor of Example 1 was used for observation of a fermentation process of recombinant yeast (purchased from INVITR0) in a microbial reactor.
- the cell optical density (0D600), cell dry weight, and offline microscopic blood cell counts were taken every 2 hours during the culture process, and were automatically observed and counted by an online cell microscopic observer. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the on-line counting results of the cell microscopic observer are basically the same as those of the cell optical density (0D600) and the cell blood count plate, but slightly larger in the late stage of culture.
- the cell concentration and the fermentation time were fitted by exponential equation.
- the linear correlation coefficient was the highest in the online cell microscopic observer, which was basically the same as the offline counting of the blood cell counting plate, and was significantly higher than that of the cell optical density and the dry cell counting method. It is because the optical density method and the dry weight method are incapable of distinguishing dead, living cells, and solid particles in the fermentation broth, and thus the error is large.
- recombinant animal cells HEK293, purchased from Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology
- HEK293 purchased from Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology
- Cephalosporium ( ⁇ o a ⁇ oor ffl Acremonium) AC0508 is provided by Shanxi Weiqida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
- Inclined medium 100ml: wort 1.2g, peptone 1.2g, agar 2.2g; pre-pH pH 7.0; seed medium (100ml): corn syrup 3g, acetic acid amine 0.4g, sucrose 2g, DL-methionine 0.02g, CaC0 3
- Fermentation medium 100ml: corn syrup 7g, starch 4g, amylase 0.03g, soybean oil lg, DL-methionine
- Primary seed culture medium (100L): glucose lkg, sucrose 2.5kg, corn syrup lkg, bean cake powder 3kg, calcium carbonate 0.5kg, anti-caries agent 0.08kg, pH before consumption 6.0;
- Secondary seed medium glucose lkg, sucrose 5kg, corn syrup 3kg, bean cake powder 5kg, flower cake powder lkg, calcium carbonate 0.5kg, anti-caries agent 0.05kg, pH before consumption 6.0;
- the seed culture medium was inserted into the inclined surface of the test tube by a digging method, placed on a rotary shaker (eccentric distance of 5 cm) 220 r / min, cultured at 28 ° C for 88 h, and the fermentor was taken at a rate of 20%, and fermented at 28 ° C for 40 h.
- the temperature was controlled at 25 ° C and the cultivation was continued until 157 h.
- First-stage seed tank process control 0. 25% inoculum, tank temperature 30 °C, air ratio 1: 2VVM control, culture 72h or so, when the pH value is above 7.5, PMV is greater than 20% when transplanting;
- Secondary seed tank process control 4. 0% inoculum, tank temperature 30 °C, air ratio 1: 0. 6VVM to 1: 2. 0 rain, culture for about 60h, when the pH is above 7.5, PMV is greater than 25 % shifting;
- Fermentation tank process control 20. 0% inoculum, tank temperature before 30h 28°C, 30-110h 25 °C, 110h - tank 24°C, air ratio: 1 : 0. 8VVM to 1 : 1. 2VVM. After adding soybean oil for 70 hours, when the pH value is lower than 5. 5, 20% ammonia water is added by computer automatic control, and the pH of the fermentation liquid is maintained at 5. 5 .
- This experiment first carried out related research on the fully automatic laboratory fermenter FUS-50L (A) (provided by Shanghai Guoqiang Biochemical Engineering Equipment Co., Ltd.) with multi-parameter detection; and then carried out related transformation on the industrial scale fermenter. , installed the BIOSTAR software package (provided by East China University of Science and Technology) to obtain the same parameters as the small test fermenter.
- the small-scale and industrial-scale fermenter systems are equipped with a conventional measurement and control system such as pH, dissolved oxygen (D0), temperature, and rotational speed.
- the exhaust gas is connected to the exhaust gas 0 2 and C0 2 analyzers.
- the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) is calculated by using the following formula:
- PMV method Take 10 ml of fermentation broth, 3000 r/min, and centrifuge for 20 min.
- Fig. 10a It can be seen from Fig. 10a that: 10 h before the initial fermentation, as the physiological metabolic intensity of the bacteria increases, the oxygen uptake rate OUR gradually increases, and the DO gradually decreases. Then, by increasing the ventilation and the stirring speed, the D0 is maintained at 30-40. % or so, until 52 h, OUR reached 40. 2molL - h - reached the first higher oxygen consumption stage; and before 9.0 hours before OUR did not change much, but with the start of cephalosporin C synthesis and the amount of bacteria
- the rising matrix of bacteria is converted from glucose to soybean oil as the main carbon source. Compared with glucose as the matrix, the demand for oxygen is higher when fatty acid is used as the matrix.
- the rate of OUR rises linearly and reaches a maximum value of about 57. 1 moir 1 . h
- the amount of cephalosporin C biosynthesis increases linearly in this stage, which is consistent with the high activity of key enzymes in the cephalosporin C synthesis pathway.
- the high oxygen consumption characteristics of cephalosporin C fermentation (at a high level) are most pronounced during this period, due to the involvement of molecular oxygen in multiple reaction steps in the biosynthesis process of cephalosporin C, the supply of oxygen ( The level of dissolved oxygen (D0) seen from the phenotype of the reactor has a strong influence on the synthesis of cephalosporin C.
- Fig. 10b In the pre-fermentation period, the glucose produced by the hydrolysis of dextrin is used as a carbon source for growth, and the metabolism of the cells is gradually increased. The oxygen uptake rate of 0UR and the carbon dioxide release rate CER are gradually increased, and the RQ value is above 0.75 before 17h.
- the use of glucose-based carbon sources as the main carbon source is also illustrated [5] .
- the metabolic rate of the cells increased at 17h ⁇ 29h, and the glucose obtained by the hydrolysis of dextrin could not meet the requirements of the bacteria.
- the cells were forced to use the free amino acid provided by the nitrogen source such as soybean powder in the medium as the carbon skeleton of the self-synthesis, and the RQ value decreased.
- the RQ value increased from 29h to 70h, and the cells were hydrolyzed by dextrin as the main carbon source. At the same time, various carbon sources were used, and the RQ reached 70h near the dextrin. At the peak value of 0.95, the transition phase of the matrix is entered. After the fermentation is carried out for 90 hours, the RQ value is basically maintained at about 0.6, indicating that soybean oil is basically used as a matrix for cell metabolism.
- soybean oil In the fermentation of cephalosporin C, the supplement and utilization of soybean oil is essential. On the one hand, it provides an important carbon source for the synthesis of cephalosporin C. On the other hand, soybean oil is also a commonly used defoamer. Controlling the level of the fermenter has a greater effect. The experimental results show that the soybean oil added in different stages has different effects.
- the basic medium contains 5% soybean oil. It is seen from the trend of RQ in the early fermentation process (see Figure 10b) that the soybean oil is not utilized in the early stage of fermentation. The existence may be solely due to the effect on lipase induction.
- Soybean oil was added at 80h in the middle and late stages of fermentation. With the utilization of fatty acids in soybean oil, the RQ decreased to 0.64 after the substrate conversion in 95h, and entered the stage of full utilization of soybean oil, and the RQ fluctuation was stable. This utilization of soybean oil is related to the formation of bacterial lipase activity and the repression of high concentration of glucose [6 ⁇ 7] .
- the oxygen consumption is also greatly increased.
- the rotational speed has to be increased several times after 90 hours, from the original 400 rpm to 600 rpm. 10a), and the OUR with oil as the matrix reached a maximum.
- Figure 10d is a comparison of RQ and pH in a multi-batch pilot study with multi-batch industrial scale fermenter parameters. It can be seen from Fig. 10d that the RQ of the laboratory small scale fermenter is significantly lower than the RQ of the industrial scale fermenter, which means that the industrial scale fermenter has less oil utilization and the test fermenter is poor; The amount of oil that is replenished into the fermenter (which is counted as the volume ratio) is larger on the industrial scale tank than on the small test tank; however, the oil is gradually replenished from the tank top of the fermenter, if the reactor mixes The problem is that the matrix may be unevenly distributed throughout the reactor, and the availability of the substrate to the cephalosporin is worse.
- the present invention proposes a method of adjusting the DO and OUR parameters.
- the method of changing the form of the stirring paddle is adopted, that is, the original four-blade type (radial) stirring is changed into a semi-circular and flat-leaf-shaped stirring in which the first one and the second layer are still pulverized bubbles, and the stirring paddle is appropriately added.
- the flow field characteristics of the reactor after the newly designed mixing paddle are simulated.
- the simulation results are shown in Fig. 10f. It can be seen from the simulation that in the case of the modified paddle type, the air distribution is greatly improved, the whole fermenter is relatively uniform, and the fluid mixing in the tank is improved.
- the invention studies the high aerobic characteristics of the fermentation production of Cephalosporium acremonium and its influence on various parameters, the effect of supplementing soybean oil on the production of cephalosporin C during the fermentation process, and the conversion of different carbon source substrates during the fermentation of cephalosporin C and The parameters related to the change characteristics, and finally take measures to make the physiological characteristics of the industrial scale fermenter similar to the small test fermenter, and finally achieve the amplification of the fermentation process:
- the cephalosporin c fermentation process is a high-oxygen process.
- the dissolved oxygen level affects the growth and metabolism of the cells while also affecting the yield of cephalosporin C, while the low dissolved oxygen makes by-products PEN N, DA0C and DAC.
- the increase which affects the quality of the product and brings great trouble to the subsequent separation and purification. Therefore, in the biosynthesis process, especially in the middle and late fermentation period, when the high oxygen consumption soybean oil is used as the main carbon source, the oxygen supply is sufficient. especially important.
- Soybean oil is the key carbon source for the biosynthesis of cephalosporin C.
- the analysis of the effects of various stages of soybean oil and the influence on various parameters can clearly understand the utilization of soybean oil in each period: Adding soybean oil to the base material can be Inducing the production of lipase, which is beneficial to the utilization of soybean oil.
- the main carbon source the strong metabolism of the bacteria in the middle of the fermentation increases the demand for the substrate.
- Soybean oil is consumed as a basic carbon source.
- soybean oil is used as the main substrate, the demand for dissolved oxygen in cell metabolism is very large, so the equipment is proposed.
- soy oil is added from the top of the fermenter, and it is desired to reach the distribution and distribution of the substrate in the reactor. The mix also raises higher requirements.
- Primary seed culture medium molasses, corn syrup, KH 2 P0 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HP0 4 , MnS0 4 and the like.
- Secondary seed culture medium molasses, corn syrup, KH 2 P0 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HP0 4 , MgS0 4 and the like.
- Fermentation medium molasses, sucrose, betaine, (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , MgS0 4 , CoCl 2 , DMBI, ZnS0 4 and the like.
- Fermentation tank The volume of the pilot fermenter is 9m 3 , the agitator is axial; the volume of the industrial scale fermenter is 120m 3 , and the mainstream of the agitator is axial mixing (as shown in Figure 4).
- Biomass measurement The measured cell dry weight method (Dry cell weight, DCW) was used. Pipette 25 ml of the fermentation broth, centrifuge, and wash the cells with distilled water. After centrifugation again, the cells are dried at 105 ° C to a constant weight and weighed.
- DCW Diagonal cell weight
- Table 3 shake flask fermentations speed changes during the synthesis of VB 12 (The effect of different revolut ions per minute in shake-flask fermentat ion on VB12 biosynthesis) speed change stages of different fermentation where / (rpm) VB 12 relative percentage
- Figure l ib and Figure 11c show the trend trends of 0UR, CER, D0 and pH collected online during the pre-fermentation period at two different oxygen supply levels on a 120m 3 tank.
- the pH is very stable after 20h, and it is not necessary to add ammonia to adjust the pH like the tank batch at low oxygen supply level, probably because the oxygen supply is better, the sugar metabolism is complete, and the accumulation The organic acid is less, making the pH more stable.
- CER and OUR gradually increase.
- DO drops to 0 at 17h
- OUR and CER still show an upward trend.
- OU and CE reached the highest peak, reaching 46 mol/(hm 3 ) and 44 mol/( hm 3 ), respectively.
- OUR and CER began to decline significantly, which is probably due to the limitation of the growth and metabolism of the bacteria due to the supply of oxygen.
- the canister of VB 12 was 125 g/ml.
- the previous DO trend is the same, but by 15h, the degree of DO reduction is higher than that of Figure ib (about 5%).
- OUR and CER have reached a new height by increasing the ventilation.
- OUR and CER there has been no clear downward trend, indicating that bacteria has maintained relatively strong metabolism, and thus more conducive to the biosynthesis of VB 12, VB put the pot Pixia tank unit 12 is 190 ⁇ / ⁇ 1.
- the trend of amino nitrogen in the fermentation process is that the lower ammonia tanks have lower amino nitrogen content than the tanks with better oxygen supply before the 36h, but After that, the amino nitrogen of the lower oxygen tank batch was higher than that of the high dissolved oxygen controlled tank batch, especially after 120 h, the ammonia nitrogen recovery of the low dissolved oxygen controlled tank batch was very large.
- the change of amino nitrogen content also indicated the bacterial metabolism changes of the tanks under the two oxygen supply conditions. After 36h, the bacterial metabolism ability of the low dissolved oxygen control tank batch decreased significantly due to dissolved oxygen limitation, which caused 120h. After that, the autolysis of the bacteria is intensified.
- the oxygen supply capacity of the lower oxygen tank can not meet the requirements of the bacteria without process adjustment.
- the demand for oxygen reduces the dissolved oxygen to 0, which makes the dissolved oxygen a limiting factor in the growth and metabolism of the cells.
- the VB 12 unit of the lower oxygen supply tank batch was slightly higher than the tank batch with better oxygen supply, which was 20. 13 ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ 1 and 18.65 ⁇ / ⁇ 1.
- the VB 12 units of the tanks with better oxygen supply were higher than the lower tanks, especially after the 108h, the increase of the VB 12 units of the tanks with better oxygen supply was significantly higher.
- the final VB 12 tanker unit with better oxygen supply increased the fermentation unit of the low oxygen tank batch by 50%, and the final fermentation unit reached 190 ⁇ / ml.
- the physiological metabolic characteristic parameters of the 120 m 3 industrial scale fermentor were adjusted to ensure that the supply of oxygen with the predetermined value was consistent with the trend of ensuring OUR, so that the fermentation unit of VB12 was 125 ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ 1 before the process improvement. Increased to 190 ⁇ / ⁇ 1, increased by 50%.
- P. 7 ir C a 7 produced VB 12 reports on the overall real-time metabolic process regulation, but most of them are limited Optimization of the medium, etc.
- the invention focuses on the characteristics of cell oxygen consumption in the macroscopic metabolic regulation of the fermentation process.
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Description
一种可用于多参数相关分析的新型生化反应器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种生化反应器,尤其是涉及一种具有在线细胞显微观察仪的生化反 应器。本发明还涉及一种以多尺度理论指导下可用于参数相关分析并具备在线细胞显 微观察仪的生化反应器。 背景技术
生物反应过程中以活细胞培养进行产品生产时,细胞生长与形态变化是极重要的 监测参数, 长期来以从罐中取样的方法, 通过离线显微镜观察获得。 近年来随着电子 技术的进步, 可以把图象转化为数字信号, 进行计算机处理, 由此得到量化的生长与 形态变化信息。 但是, 以上方法只是离线间隔采样, 缺乏动态观察, 特别如动物细胞 大规模培养过程, 抗杂菌污染是过程操作的首要问题, 因此不可能频繁取样, 由此带 来观察动态性差, 过程分析困难的问题。
因此, 本领域迫切需要一种观察动态性佳, 分辨率高, 且过程分析简便的具有在 线细胞显微观察仪的生化反应器。插入到发酵罐的在线细胞显微观察仪必须符合以下 基本要求: 1)显微观察仪的分辨率和视野能清晰区分细菌、 真菌和动物细胞, 死细胞 与活细胞, 并作相应的形态分析; 2)由于培养过程细胞浓度变化, 显微观察仪必须有 相应的最大浓度界限; 3)必须克服显微探头长期插入发酵罐后形成的镜头表面菌体生 长或吸附; 4)显微观察仪结构有利于生物反应器的灭菌和无菌操作; 5)显微观察仪必 须具有符合反应器要求的实时数字图象信号转化与处理能力。
德国 Dr Christoph Bittner描述了一种荧光激发法的在线显微装置。 其主要工 作原理如图 1 所示, 激光发出的单色紫外光经透镜 Ll、 小孔空间滤波后再经透镜组 L2、 L3由双色镜片反射至物镜, 然后由物镜投射至生化反应器腔内的细胞表面, 由于 荧光效应, 细胞产生的荧光经物镜汇聚, 双色镜片以及反射镜, 再经滤波片后成像于 同步摄像机上。 由于生化反应器内的细胞高速旋转, 因此要求同步摄像机的曝光时间 很短, 一般不超过 2ms (根据放大倍数的不同可能需要调整)。 此方法的优点为不需要 复杂的机械取样装置。 但该方案采用亮视场照明方式, 对于透明细胞所成图像的对 比度以及分辨率不好; 又由于采用高速摄影, 单波长荧光激发的方式, 在使用中更换 激发光波长成本较高。
在 2004年美国有专利介绍了一种基于在线采样的显微观察仪 (US 6, 809, 862)。 如图 2所示, 采样窗口 4来回移动, 当采样窗口 4移动到显微镜 16以及照明灯源所 在位置时, 生化反应器 10内的细胞溶液就流入观察腔 12; 当采样窗口 4移动至其他 位置时, 观察腔 12 内的细胞溶写相对稳定, 以便于显微观察。 为了更换显微镜头方 便, 如图 3所示专门设计了一个清洗腔。 拉动拉杆 2, 使得显微镜头以及采样窗口 4
到达清洗腔位置, 清洗腔腔壁有孔 8, 可用于引入蒸汽或消毒液进行消毒或清洗。 同 时在此位置, 可以方便地更换显微镜镜头。 但该方案采用亮视场照明方式, 对于透明 细胞所成图像的对比度以及分辨率不好; 又由于照明系统在生化反应器内工作, 不便 于更换光源、 切换光源激发波长, 无法区分不同种类的细胞, 如死细胞与活细胞; 且 频繁的取样与消毒会给在线的生物培养造成染菌的隐患。
2004年德国专利 DE10350243介绍了一种利用 SLD (Super Light Diode)照明, Mult imode Fiber (多模光纤)传输、 同步高速摄像的在线细胞显微观察仪。 激光或发 光二极管发出的光线经多模光纤传输到生化反应器内, 照射生化反应器(反应器)内的 细胞, 细胞反射的光线经物镜汇聚后成像在 CCD摄像机上。 由于细胞在生化反应器内 不断地运动, 因此要求摄像机的曝光时间比较小, 才能在瞬间抓住细胞影像。 摄像机 拍摄的图片送入计算机处理。 该方案采用亮视场照明方式, 对于透明细胞所成图像的 对比度以及分辨率不好; 又由于在生化反应器搅拌速度较快的情况下必然采用高速摄 像机, 由于没有取样装置限制景深, 因此与图 1所示方案一样对景深影响无法消除; 同时由于其光源采用复杂的 SLD (Super Light Diode超亮发光二极管), 光源驱动控 制器比较复杂, 因此更换光源、 切换激发波长成本高且比较困难。
显然, 本领域迫切需要一种观察动态性佳, 分辨率高, 且过程分析简便的具有在 线细胞显微观察仪的生化反应器。
另一方面, 以活细胞进行产品生产时, 活细胞量的监测很重要, 特别是随着代谢 工程研究的进展, 已成功应用于微生物育种、 现有工艺的优化、 新产品开发、 治理环 境等诸多领域, 当前的发展趋势是把发酵过程与细胞内的过程机理研究相结合, 把传 感技术、 计算机技术、 同位素技术、 与各种实验室测定技术相结合, 形成过程实时代 谢流分析。 但是, 由于发酵过程含固体颗粒的复合培养基的应用以及死活细胞的区分 困难, 对于测定实时代谢流有重要意义的活细胞量只能依靠实验室手工测量或误差很 大的间接法测量, 迫切需要在线活细胞浓度测量技术与代谢流分析相结合, 形成新的 研究技术路线。
因此, 本领域还缺乏一种具有活细胞量测量的用于相关分析的生化反应器。 此外, 长期来发酵过程优化与放大所依据的基本思想和方法是采用细胞外的参数 检测为基础的最佳工艺控制点为依据的静态操作方法, 实质上这只是化学工程宏观动 力学概念在发酵工程上的延伸。 随着生命科学研究的深入发展, 对细胞内的过程机理 越来越清楚了, 但是基于单一生理调控机制出发的研究往往只揭示了生理调控的局部 和某一时段的特点, 仅靠高度分支化和具体分散的研究是难以对整个生物反应器过程 优化控制和放大起决定性作用。 我们在研究了生物反应器中的细胞过程特点后, 提出 了细胞过程的多尺度问题研究, 试图采用工程学方法来解决上述系统问题, 形成了一 套基于参数相关的发酵过程多水平问题研究的优化技术和发酵过程多参数调整的放 大技术。
随着上述基础理论研究的深入发展,迫切需要随着过程传感技术和计算机技术的
发展, 设计一种用于生物过程多尺度研究的新概念发酵装置。 该装置以生物反应器中 物料流检测的观点, 具有多参数在线参数检测或控制, 并集中力量开发了一个适应多 种反应器特点, 融合多种过程理论和控制理论, 便于发酵过程工艺分析和优化操作的 软件包。
另一方面, 本领域还缺乏一种可用于多参数相关分析的新型生化反应器。
综上所述, 本领域迫切需要一种观察动态性佳, 分辨率高, 且过程分析简便的具 有在线细胞显微观察仪的生化反应器。 发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于获得具有在线细胞显微观察仪的生化反应器。
本发明的第二目的是采用暗视场照明以提高在线细胞显微观察仪对于细胞所成 图像的对比度以及分辨率; 提供一种可更换波长的外部光源系统; 结构简单的机械取 样装置, 操作简便和制造成本低的用于生化反应器的在线细胞显微观察仪。
本发明的第三目的在于以多尺度理论指导下形成用于参数相关分析的生化反应 器, 形成一种用于发酵过程优化与放大的新方法。 特别是配有一种具有在线细胞显微 观察仪和活细胞量测量技术, 并进而与其他测量技术相结合, 形成用于相关分析的生 化反应器。
本发明的第四目的在于获得一种本发明的生化反应器在发酵过程优化与放大方面 的应用。 在本发明的第一方面, 为解决上述技术问题, 提供的技术方案如下:
一种具有在线显微观察仪的生化反应器, 所述生化反应器上设有在线细胞显微观 察仪, 该在线细胞显微观察仪, 包括观察仪主体, 物镜, 观察入射窗, 取样装置, 外 部光源系统; 观察仪主体前端设置观察入射窗, 观察入射窗前部设置取样装置, 观察 仪主体内, 观察入射窗后面放置物镜和外部光源系统, 其特点是: 外部光源系统与物 镜之间设置反射棱镜, 物镜后面, 观察入射窗前设有反射镜, 反射棱镜前面放置环形 光阑片, 反射棱镜侧面上部置有 CCD或面阵图像传感器; 取样装置由取样块, 弹性元 件, 移动装置构成, 其中, 取样块与移动装置的驱动轴之间连接弹性元件, 取样块前 端面与观察入射窗之间的间隙构成采样池。
在一优选例中, 所述生化反应器为微生物反应器、 动物细胞反应器、 或光生物反 应器。
优选地, 所述生化反应器中, 在线细胞显微观察仪主体通过锁紧螺母与生化反应 器相连接, 在线细胞显微观察仪主体与生化反应器之间采用密封圈密封。
所述生化反应器的在线细胞显微观察仪中, 外部光源系统由光源, 聚光镜, 可换 滤色片组成; 光源为 ¾素灯或 LED灯, 其发射的光线经过聚光镜聚焦后形成平行光束 后透过可换滤色片产生所需的波段光线。
所述生化反应器的在线细胞显微观察仪中, 移动装置之一由驱动轴, 连接杆, 取 样拉杆, 弹性元件组成, 其中装有驱动轴的连接杆通过螺丝与取样拉杆相连接, 取样 拉杆与弹性元件在连接处通过焊接进行密封和连接, 同时弹性元件的另外一端面也在 连接处通过焊接与观察仪主体相连接。
所述生化反应器的在线细胞显微观察仪中, 移动装置之二由驱动轴, 电机, 取样 筒组成, 其中取样筒连接在观察仪主体的前端, 取样筒后端置有电机, 电机输出轴连 接驱动轴。
所述生化反应器的在线细胞显微观察仪中, 取样块由三个不同直径圆柱体构成, 且由不锈钢或蓝宝石材料制成。
CCD或面阵图像传感器经光电转换将数字信号传输给图像采集处理单元, 集处理 单元将处理结果送入计算机分析, 显示或存储。
在一具体实施方式中, 所述生化反应器的罐体上还设有活细胞量传感器。
在一优选例中, 所述活细胞量传感器采用四电极系统的活细胞量传感器。 所述活 细胞量传感器采用四电极系统, 主要根据放在交变电场中的活细胞, 由于细胞内的原 生质体起着电解质作用, 在交变电场的极化作用所形成的电容与生物量呈对应关系。 改变交变电场的频率就会产生不同的极化效果, 由此确定最佳的测量条件, 测量的电 容值通过统一信号传输到计算机数据处理, 作为多参数相关分析的生物量的依据。
一具体实施方式中, 所述生化反应器的罐体上还设有以下用于过程优化与数据放 大的部件:
具有多参数检测及控制的仪器仪表和传感装置的传感系统、带安装支架和工艺管 道系统以及带有工控机及执行元器件的电气控制柜。
在一具体实施方式中, 具有多参数检测及控制的仪器仪表和传感装置的传感系统 中, 所述的传感系统包括温度传感器, pH传感器, 溶解氧传感器, 全罐秤量传感器, 尾气 C02接口, 尾气 02接口, 测速传感器, 压力传感器, 消泡传感器; 所述的多参数 是指温度, 搅拌转速, 通气流量, 罐压, 消泡, pH, 溶解氧浓度, 发酵液真实体积及 重量, 包括基质、 前体、 油、 酸碱物在内的补料量, 尾气 C02和 ¾。
在一具体实施方式中, 所述带安装支架和工艺管道系统包括料瓶; 预热器; 全罐 秤量支座; 取样用特殊支架; 罐体总成; 快速装拆机座; 电动机; 管架; 油水分离器; 减压阀); 过滤器; 流量计; 空气过滤器; 压力表; 冷却器; 管道视镜; 热水器; 无 死体积取样阀; 消泡传感器接口; 尾气 C02接口; 尾气 02接口; 温度传感器; pH传 感接口; DO传感器接口。
在一具体实施方式中, 带有工控机及执行元器件的电气控制柜包括: 热质量流量 计; 高精度蠕动泵; 基质补料电子秤; 前体或油电子秤; 酸碱物电子秤; 循环泵; 电 磁阀; 数 /模转换器; 模 /数转换器; 下位机; 上位机; 调制解调器; 稀土电机。
在一优选例中, 其中所述的带有工控机及执行元器控制柜中的计算机软件是根据 现场数据采集和操作的需求以及工艺优化的要求,进行在线参数采集、离线参数计算、
参数数据记录以及部分参数的在线控制, 通过局域网同步向上位机传送所有参数的数 据, 选用组态语言和 c语言对上位机和下位机分别进行编程设计, 并且在数据记录时 使用了简单冗余技术。
在本发明的第二方面, 为解决上述技术问题, 提供的技术方案如下:
一种在线细胞显微观察仪, 它包括观察仪主体, 物镜, 观察入射窗, 取样装置, 外部光源系统; 观察仪主体前端设置观察入射窗, 观察入射窗前部设置取样装置, 观 察仪主体内, 观察入射窗后面放置物镜和外部光源系统, 其特点是: 外部光源系统与 物镜之间设置反射棱镜, 物镜后面, 观察入射窗前设有反射镜, 反射棱镜前面放置环 形光阑片, 反射棱镜侧面上部置有 CCD或面阵图像传感器; 取样装置由取样块, 弹性 元件, 移动装置构成, 其中, 取样块与移动装置的驱动轴之间连接弹性元件, 取样块 前端面与观察入射窗之间的间隙构成采样池。
本发明的第三方面, 为解决上述技术问题, 提供的技术方案如下:
提供一种采用本发明的生化反应器的发酵方法, 所述方法包括步骤:
(a)测定所述生物反应器装置的所述发酵过程中的生理代谢参数、生理代谢参数相 关特性或其组合;
其中所述生理代谢参数选自: 溶氧、 摄氧率、 pH、 二氧化碳释放率、 呼吸商、 活 细胞量或细胞形态、 测定的代谢产物或基质消耗、 或其组合;
(b)将步骤 (a)测定的所述生理代谢参数、 生理代谢参数相关特性与预定值的生理 代谢参数、 生理代谢参数相关特性或其组合进行比较; 选出与所述预定值最为接近的 生物反应器装置; 确定优化的放大生物反应器装置;
其中所述生理代谢参数如步骤 (a)所述。
在一优选例中, 所述测定的代谢产物或基质消耗为实验室手工测定的代谢产物或 基质消耗。
在一优选例中, 所述生物反应器装置选自维生素 B12、 或头孢菌素发酵装置。 在一优选例中, 所述的生物反应器装置是容量为 20--2000m3的发酵罐。
在一具体实施方式中, 所述步骤 (a)中, 该方法通过检测生物反应器的多个工艺控 制参数以获得所述发酵过程中的生理代谢参数、 生理代谢参数相关特性或其组合, 其 中所述多个工艺控制参数为温度,搅拌转速, 通气流量, 罐压, 消泡, pH, 溶解氧浓 度, 发酵液真实体积及重量, 包括基质、 前体、 油、 酸碱物的补料量, 尾气 C02和 ¾。
式中-
Fm: 进气流 (mol)
Ct»m\C02m\Cco2l„: 分别为进气中惰性气体、 氧及二氧化碳的浓度%
V: 发酵液体, (L)
F通过下式计算得到:
式中
Pm: 进气的绝对压强, Pa
tm: 进气的温度, V
h: 进气的相对湿度, %
上述计算过程还可以由计算机的分析软件包进行; 例如由发酵过程实时数据分析 软件包 BI0STAR (市售)计算得到。
在一具体实施方式中, 在步骤 (b)的比较过程中, 还包括如下步骤:
(i)将步骤 (a)测定的所述生理代谢参数、 生理代谢参数相关特性与预定值的生理 代谢参数、 生理代谢参数相关特性或其组合进行比较;
(i i)调节所述生物反应器装置的生理代谢特征参数特征、 生理代谢参数相关特性 或其组合, 使得所述生物反应器装置的生理代谢特征参数特征相对于所述预定值的差 异不高于 10〜15%之间, 选定与所述预定值最为接近的生物反应器装置;
(i i i)确定优化的放大生物反应器装置。
在一优选例中, 在所述步骤(i i)的调节过程中, 通过如下步骤调节所述生物反应 器装置的生理代谢特征参数特征、 生理代谢参数相关特性或其组合: 调节氧消耗速率 与溶解氧浓度、 转速或流量与溶解氧浓度、 补糖与 pH、 补糖与二氧化碳释放速率、 二 氧化碳释放速率与菌量、 二氧化碳释放速率与 pH、 二氧化碳释放速率与氧消耗速率、 通气流量与 pH间的关系, 控制发酵过程。
在一优选例中, 该方法通过检测温度, 搅拌转速, 通气流量, 罐压, 消泡, pH, 溶解氧浓度, 发酵液真实体积及重量, 补料量包括基质、 前体、 油、 酸碱物, 尾气 C02 和 ¾, 调节氧消耗速率与溶解氧浓度、 转速或流量与溶解氧浓度、 补糖与 pH、 补糖与 二氧化碳释放速率、 二氧化碳释放速率与菌量、 二氧化碳释放速率与 pH、 二氧化碳释 放速率与氧消耗速率、 通气流量与 pH间的关系, 控制发酵过程。
在一优选例中, 所述步骤 (b)中所述的预定值是小罐发酵条件下的生理代谢参数、 生理代谢参数相关特性或其组合; 其中, 所述生物反应器装置相对于小罐体积的放大 倍数不低于 20〜 2000倍之间。
在一优选例中, 所述小罐如 5、 10、 20、 30、 50、 100升。
本发明的第四方面提供一种本发明所述的生化反应器的用途, 用于发酵过程优化 与放大。
在一优选例中, 用于维生素 B12、 或头孢菌素发酵过程优化与放大。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)由于具有在线显微观察仪的生化反应器的在线显微观察仪的光源发出平行光 束透过可替换的不同滤色片产生特定波段的光线后, 通过环形光阑片处理将所入射的 光线转换为环形的平行光束, 并且经过反射镜形成一个具有大环形孔径角的照明光线 照射取样块与观察仪观察窗之间所形成的取样池内部的细胞溶液。 由于照明光线是环 绕细胞溶液进行入射照明的, 其光线不返回进入物镜。 因此视场是暗视场。 只有被照 射的溶液中细胞或颗粒的反射光线进入物镜后经镀有反射膜的 45度反射棱镜反射后 投射到 CCD或面阵图像传感器上。因此,本发明的外部光源系统通过替换不同滤色片、 能很方便地更换波长; 同时暗视场照明能提高观察仪对于透明细胞所成图像的对比度 以及分辨率, 因此可以动态观察反应过程中细菌、 真菌和动物细胞等的形态, 区分死 细胞与活细胞, 并作相应形态分析等, 为发酵过程的优化提供指导。 又由于该反应器 的在线显微观察仪的取样装置由取样块, 弹性元件, 移动装置构成, 取样块的端面与 观察仪观察窗之间的间隙空间形成了一个与生化反应器隔离的取样池, 此时取样池内 的溶液细胞与生化反应器内的溶液细胞相对隔离, 不随生化反应器的搅拌器运动, 便 于观察。
(2)具有在线显微观察仪的生化反应器整体具有结构简单, 使用方便, 制造成本 低等特点。
(3)随着现代分子生物学的发展, 20世纪生物学经历了由宏观到微观的发展过程, 由形态、 表型的描述逐步分解、 细化到生物体的各种分子及其功能的研究, 了解所有 的基因、 蛋白质以及代谢物组分间的所有相互关系, 因此, 对细胞内的过程机理越来 越清楚了。但是基于单一生理调控机制出发的研究往往只揭示了生理调控的局部和某 一时段的特点, 仅靠高度分支化和具体分散的研究是难以对整个发酵过程优化控制和 放大起决定性作用。 因此, 如何把生物学与工程学相结合, 解决局部与整体、 时变动 态与最终结果、 菌种改造与过程优化的关系, 就成为重要的基础性研究课题。 本专利 申请就是在已经提出的生物反应器中多尺度问题研究基础上, 试图采用工程学方法解 决上述系统问题。 通过本专利所获得的各种参数以及所提供的分析方法和软件, 把生 物反应器中复杂的生物过程分解为不同尺度的特性研究, 了解不同尺度的事件之间的 关系, 研究它们的量变到质变, 以及由此形成的对复杂系统总体的影响, 为解决发酵 过程优化和放大所面临的局部与整体的关系提供依据。
(4)在一优选例中, 除了常规的测量与传感器外, 本发明提供的活细胞量传感器 和在线细胞显微观察仪为发酵过程与菌体生长相关的代谢调控分析提供了重要依据。 其中活细胞量传感器由于所提供的细胞生长的实时性和可克服含固体颗粒的复合培 养基以及死活细胞的区分的困难, 为发酵过程初、次级代谢调控、发酵过程元素平衡、 代谢工程研究以及同位素分析等精确研究提供了可能性。 由于本专利提供的在线显微 观察仪由于照明光线是环绕细胞溶液进行入射照明的, 其光线不返回进入物镜, 因此 视场是暗视场, 由此提高了观察仪对于透明细胞所成图像的对比度以及分辨率, 因此
可以动态观察反应过程中细菌、 真菌和动物细胞等的形态, 区分死细胞与活细胞, 并 作相应形态分析等, 为发酵过程的优化提供指导。
(5) 在一优选例中, 通过计算机数据处理把发酵过程菌体形态变化与所有的检测 参数关联起来, 具有实时性、 动态性和相关性, 为实现发酵过程多尺度参数分析提供 了重要基础。 附图概述
图 1是荧光激发法的在线显微装置的结构原理图;
图 2是美国专利 US 6, 809, 862的显微观察仪的光学原理示意图;
图 3是美国专利 US 6, 809, 862的显微观察仪的采样腔、 清洗腔结构示意图; 图 4a— 4c是本发明的生化反应器的多个具体实施方式的结构示意图。 其中图 4a 是生化反应器的控制参数配置示意图, 图 4b是生化反应器的管路系统示意图, 图 4c 是罐体示意图。
图 5是本发明的生化反应器的一个具体实施例的结构示意图;
图 6是本发明的生化反应器的另一个具体实施例的结构示意图;
图 7和 8是生化反应器中在线显微观察仪采样池的工作示意图。
图 9是本发明的生化反应器中在线显微观察仪的光学照明以及成像光路示意图。 图 10为本发明的生化反应器应用于头孢菌素 C进行发酵过程优化与放大的结果:
¾巾- 图 10a为实施例 3中发酵过程中 DO与 OUR的特征性关系(Characteri st ic relat ionship between DO and OUR in the fermentat ion process)
图 10b为实施例 3中碳源基质转换所引起的参数变化(Parameter changes resulted from the shift of carbon sources ut i l izat ion)
图 10c 为实施例 3中小试和工业规模发酵罐各种细胞生理代谢参数的实时变化 趋势对照图 (The change tendenc ies of real t ime phys iological parameters between lab scale and industrial scale f ermenters)
图 10d为实施例 3中多批次小试与工业规模发酵罐 pH与 RQ变化趋势图(Prof i les of pH and RQ from lab scale f ermenter and industrial f ermenter)
图 lOe为实施例 3中罐内流场分布轴面图(通气量 A: 0. 5vvm, B :
1. 2vvm) (S imulated flow f ield in a vert ical plane of 160m3 f ermentor)
图 lOf 为实施例 3罐内空气体积分布的轴面图(通气量 A: 0. 5vvm, B :
1. 2vvm) (S imulated air volume fract ion in a vert ical plane of 160m3 f ermentor) 图 10g为实施例 3中改造后发酵罐桨型与空气体积分布轴面模拟图(The impel ler comb inat ions and simulated air volume fract ion in a vert ical plane of 160m3 f ermentor after alterat ion)
图 10h为实施例 3中搅拌桨长度改变前后头孢菌素 C发酵过程曲线, (F为改造
前 (Former), L为改造后 (Latter) ) (The process paramteters of cephalosporin fermentat ion before and after the change of the impeller lengths)。
图 11为本发明的生化反应器应用于 VB12进行发酵过程优化与放大的结果:其中: 图 11a为实施例 4中在 9m3中试发酵罐上获得的代谢曲线(The process paramteters of VB12 fermentat ion in 9m3 f ermentor)
图 l ib为实施例 4中低供氧水平下的参数变化趋势图(The process paramteters of VB12 fermentat ion in low dissolved oxygen concentrat ion)
图 11c为实施例 4中高供氧水平下的参数变化趋势图(The process paramteters of VB12 fermentat ion in high di ssolved oxygen concentrat ion)
图 l id为实施例 4中两种不同溶氧控制罐批下总糖、 氨基氮、 菌体干重和 VB12 的动态变化过程(Time prof i les of total sugar, NH2-N, cel l growth and VB12 product ion in two DOC control levels )
图 l ie为实施例 4中两种不同供氧能力情况下发酵过程比生长速率和比产物形成 速率的变化情况 (Time prof i les of spec if ic growth rate (μ) and spec if ic product ion rate (qp) of VB12 fermentat ion in two DOC control levels)。 本发明的最佳实施方案
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例 1
本发明的具有在线显微观察仪的生化反应器, 所述生化反应器 41中设有在线细胞 显微观察仪 4。
如图 5和 6所示,所述在线细胞显微观察仪主体 43通过锁紧螺母 42与生化反应 器 41相连接,在线细胞显微观察仪主体 43与生化反应器 41之间采用密封圈 45密封。
所述的生化反应器 41包括但不限定于微生物反应器、 动物细胞反应器、 光生物 反应器。
在所述生化反应器中, 所述在线细胞观察仪 4的安装位置没有具体限制, 只要能 够观察到生化反应器内的观察对象即可。例如可以按照传统的方式和位置安装在生化 反应器内的所需位置, 具体地例如安装在器壁相对全容积为 36%-70%高度上的位置。
可以采用本发明的在线细胞观察仪对生化反应器内的细胞生长与形态变化进行 观察。 具体地例如, 采用所述在线细胞显微观察仪对细胞个数进行计数。
本发明的生化反应器中, 还可以设有本领域传统的搅拌装置, 所述搅拌装置没有 具体限制, 只要对生化反应器中的体系进行所需的搅拌混合即可。
本发明的生化反应器中, 还可以包括传统的检测装置, 具体地例如 pH、 DO (溶氧 传感器)、 温度传感器中的一种或多种。 所述检测装置没有具体限制, 只要对生化反 应器中的体系的所需参数进行测定即可。
如图 5, 6所示, 取样装置 40由取样块 21, 弹性元件 38, 移动装置构成, 其中,
取样块 21与移动装置的驱动轴 51之间连接弹性元件 38, 取样块 21前端面与观察入 射窗 22之间的间隙构成采样池 50。
如图 5所示, 移动装置之一由驱动轴 51, 连接杆 46, 取样拉杆 44, 弹性元件 39 组成, 其中装有驱动轴 51的连接杆 46通过螺丝 47与取样拉杆 44相连接, 取样拉杆 44与弹性元件 39通过在 9a处焊接进行密封和连接, 同时弹性元件 39的另外一端面 也通过在 9b处焊接与观察仪主体 43相连接。
观察仪观察入射窗 22浸入生化反应器 41内部, 其材料为石英玻璃或蓝宝石。 取 样块 21 为三个不同直径圆柱体形状, 采用不锈钢或蓝宝石材料制成。 其一端面与弹 性元件 38焊接, 另外一端面可以沿观察仪观察窗中心轴线方向左右移动, 与观察仪 观察窗 22组成了一个采样池 50。
向外拉动取样拉杆 44, 取样拉杆 44通过连接杆 46、 弹性元件 38推动取样块 21 向靠近观察窗 22方向移动, 同时弹性元件 39处于压缩状态; 向内推动取样拉杆 44, 取样拉杆 44通过连接杆 46、 弹性元件 38推动取样块 21向远离观察窗 22方向移动, 同时弹性元件 39处于松弛状态。 弹性元件 38、 39均采用不锈钢材料制成, 同时连接 杆 46、 拉杆 44也是由不锈钢材料制成。
如图 7, 8所示, 当连接杆 46沿箭头方向移动时, 连接杆 46通过弹性元件 38带 动取样块 21朝着远离观察仪观察窗 22的方向移动, 取样块 21与观察仪观察窗 22之 间的距离变大, 这时取样块 21与观察仪观察窗 22之间的组成的取样池 50与生化反 应器 41连通, 取样池细胞溶液与生化反应器内的细胞溶液连通。 当连接杆 46通过弹 性元件 38带动取样块 21朝着靠近观察仪观察窗 22的方向移动时, 取样块 21与观察 仪观察窗 22之间的距离变小, 到达极限位置时, 取样块 21的端面与观察仪观察窗 22 之间的间隙空间形成了一个与生化反应器 41隔离的取样池 50,此时取样池 50内的溶 液细胞与生化反应器内的溶液细胞相对隔离, 不随生化反应器的搅拌器运动, 便于观 察。成形后的取样池的深度大小可以通过控制取样块 21端面与观察仪观察窗 22之间 的距离来获得。
如图 6所示, 移动装置之二由驱动轴 51, 电机 48, 取样筒 49组成, 其中取样筒 49连接在观察仪主体 43的前端, 取样筒 49后端置有电机 48, 电机 48输出轴连接驱 动轴 51。
观察仪主体 43与生化反应器 41通过锁紧螺母 42相连接。 采样池 50是由取样块 21的一个端面与观察仪观察窗 22之间的间隙组成。 电机 48为耐高温电机, 密封在 观察仪主体 43中的浸入生化反应器溶液部分中。 当电机 48通过弹性元件 38带动取 样块 21沿着使采样池 50体积变小的方向移动至一个极限位置, 采样池 50内的细胞 溶液与生化反应器 41内的溶液隔离, 因此采样池内的细胞溶液相对静止, 便于观察。 相反, 当电机 48带动取样块 21向另一方向移动时, 取样池 50内的溶液与生化反应 器 41内的细胞溶液混合。
如图 9所示, 本发明的生化反应器中, 在线显微观察仪包括观察仪主体 43, 反射
镜 23, 物镜 24, 观察入射窗 22, 取样装置 40, 外部光源系统 60, 反射棱镜 25, 环 形光阑片 26, CCD或面阵图像传感器 30。
观察仪主体前端设置观察入射窗 22, 观察入射窗 22前部设置取样装置 40, 观察 仪主体 43内, 观察入射窗 22后面放置物镜 24和外部光源系统 60。
外部光源系统 60与物镜 24之间设置反射棱镜 25, 物镜 24后面, 观察入射窗 22 前设有反射镜 23, 反射棱镜 25前面放置环形光阑片 26, 反射棱镜 25侧面上部置有 CCD或面阵图像传感器 30。
外部光源系统 60由光源 28, 聚光镜 29, 可换滤色片 27组成; 灯源 28可以采用 卤素灯、 LED灯, 其发射的光线经过聚光镜 29聚焦后形成平行光束出射。平行光束透 过可替换滤色片 27产生特定波段的光线后, 通过环形光阑片 26处理将所入射的光线 转换为环形的平行光束。 环形平行光束经过反射镜 23形成一个具有大环形孔径角的 照明光线照射取样块 21与观察仪观察窗 22之间所形成的取样池内部的细胞溶液。 由 于照明光线是环绕细胞溶液进行入射照明的, 其光线不返回进入物镜 24。因此视场是 暗视场。 只有被照射的溶液中细胞或颗粒的反射光线进入物镜 24后经镀有反射膜的 45度反射棱镜 25反射后投射到 CCD或面阵图像传感器 30上。 经 30光电转换后成为 数字信号传输给图像采集处理单元 31。 图像采集处理单元 31将处理结果送计算机 32 进行分析, 显示或存储。
如图 4a所示, 在本发明的一个具体实施例中, 所述生化反应器的罐体上还设有 活细胞量传感器 13。所述活细胞量传感器 13可以采用本领域传统的活细胞传感器 13 ; 优选地, 所述活细胞量传感器 13采用四电极系统的活细胞量传感器。 所述活细胞量 传感器 13采用的四电极系统, 主要根据放在交变电场中的活细胞, 由于细胞内的原 生质体起着电解质作用, 在交变电场的极化作用所形成的电容与生物量呈对应关系。 改变交变电场的频率就会产生不同的极化效果, 由此确定最佳的测量条件, 测量的电 容值通过统一信号传输到计算机数据处理, 作为多参数相关分析的生物量的依据。
所述生化反应器 41 的罐体上还设有以下用于过程优化与数据放大的部件: 如图
4a〜4c所示, 具有多参数检测及控制的仪器仪表和传感装置的传感系统 100 (图 4a)、 所示带安装支架和工艺管道系统 200 (图 4c)以及带有工控机及执行元器件的电气控制 柜 300 (S 4b)。
图 4a的所述具有多参数检测及控制的仪器仪表和传感装置的传感系统 100中, 包括温度传感器 1, pH传感器 2, 溶解氧传感器 3, 全罐秤量传感器 14, 尾气 C02接 口 5, 尾气 02接口 6, 测速传感器 7, 压力传感器 8, 消泡传感器 9以及活细胞量传感 器 13和在线显微观察仪 4 ; 所述的多参数包括温度, 搅拌转速, 通气流量, 罐压, 消 泡, pH, 溶解氧浓度, 发酵液真实体积及重量, 包括基质、 前体、 油、 酸碱物在内的 补料量, 尾气 C02和 02、 活细胞量参数、 在线显微观察参数。
如图 4c所示, 生化反应器 41的罐体设置安装支架和工艺管道系统 200, 包括料 瓶 72 ; 预热器 74 ; 全罐秤量支座 75 ; 取样用特殊支架 76 ; 罐体总成 77 ; 快速装拆机
座 78; 电动机 79; 管架 80; 油水分离器 81; 减压阀 82; 过滤器 83; 流量计 84; 空 气过滤器 85; 压力表 86; 冷却器 87; 管道视镜 88; 热水器 89; 无死体积取样阀 90; 消泡传感器接口 91; 尾气 C02接口 92; 尾气 02接口 93; 温度传感器 94; pH传感接 口 95; DO传感器接口 96。 生化反应器 41还设置了传感系统 100(图中未示)。
如图 4b所示, 带有工控机及执行元器件的电气控制柜 300包括: 热质量流量计
10; 高精度蠕动泵 11; 补料称重传感器 12 (基质补料电子秤、 前体或油电子秤、 酸碱 物电子秤); 循环泵 15; 电磁阀 16; 数 /模转换器 17; 模 /数转换器 18; 下位机 19; 上位机 20; 调制解调器 61; 稀土电机 63。 生化反应器 41还设置了传感系统 100(图 中未示)。
在一优选例中,其中所述的带有工控机及执行元器控制柜中的计算机软件是根据 现场数据采集和操作的需求以及工艺优化的要求,进行在线参数采集、离线参数计算、 参数数据记录以及部分参数的在线控制, 通过局域网同步向上位机传送所有参数的数 据, 选用组态语言和 c语言对上位机和下位机分别进行编程设计, 并且在数据记录时 使用了简单冗余技术。
实施例 2:
2.1 对重组酵母发酵过程观察应用
为验证本发明, 使用实施例 1 的一种用于生化反应器的在线细胞显微观察仪在微 生物反应器中对重组酵母(购自 INVITR0公司)发酵过程观察应用。
在培养过程中每 2h取样一次进行细胞光密度(0D600)测定、 细胞干重、 离线显微 镜血球计数, 同时在线细胞显微观察仪进行自动观察和计数, 结果如表 1。
由表 1可知: 在线细胞显微观察仪的细胞在线计数结果与细胞光密度(0D600)、 细胞血球计数板计数结果基本一致, 而在培养后期时稍微偏大。 各细胞浓度与发酵时 间进行指数方程拟合, 线性相关系数以在线细胞显微观察仪最高, 与血球计数板离线 计数基本一致, 而明显高于细胞光密度和细胞干重计数法的结果, 这是由于光密度法 和干重法均无法区分死、 活细胞、 以及发酵液中的固形物颗粒, 因而误差较大。
表 1 离线、 在线细胞计数和细胞光密度、 细胞干重结果比较
离线血球计数板菌数 在线细胞显微观察 细胞光密度 细胞干重 培养时间(h)
(107个 /mL) 仪计数(107个 /mL) 0D600 DCW(g/L)
0 0.99±0.12 1.2±0.08 8.2 6.1
4 3.10±0.11 3.12±0.09 8.9 6.6
6 6.29±0.10 6.31±0.10 10.1 7.2
8 12.11±0.11 12.27 + 0.10 12.1 8.3
10 16.46±0.09 16.50±0.11 13.8 9.2
R2(线性相关) 0. 9908 0. 9934 0.9237 0.9353
2.2 对重组动物细胞培养过程观察应用
为验证本发明, 使用实施例 1 的用于生化反应器的在线细胞显微观察仪在哺乳动 物细胞反应器中对重组动物细胞 (HEK293, 购自上海生物化学与细胞生物学研究所)培 养过程观察应用。
发酵过程每 24h取样一次进行离线细胞血球计数。 二者细胞计数结果如表 2。 由 表 2可知, 离线的血球计数和在线细胞显微观察仪的细胞数量计数结果基本一致。 机械搅拌式反应器培养 HEK293细胞密度比较
0天 1天 2天 3天 4天 5天
血球计数
1.50士
(X105) 2.5±0.2 3.6±0.2 5.0±0.2 6.8±0.2 9.0±0.2 7.2±0.2 细胞 ml—1
在线计数
1.48士
(X105) 2.3±0.2 3.5±0.2 4.9±0.2 6.9±0.2 8.8±0.2 7.1±0.2 细胞 ml—1 实施例 3
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验菌株
顶头孢霉菌( ^o a^^oor ffl Acremonium) AC0508由山西威奇达药业有限公司提 供。
1.2 培养基
1.2.1摇瓶培养
斜面培养基(100ml): 麦芽汁 1.2g, 蛋白胨 1.2g, 琼脂 2.2g; 消前 pH为 7. 0; 种子培养基(100ml):玉米浆 3g,乙酸胺 0.4g,蔗糖 2g, DL一蛋氨酸 0.02g, CaC03
0.05g; 消前 pH为 6. 5; (上、 下标)
发酵培养基(100ml): 玉米浆 7g, 淀粉 4g, 淀粉酶 0.03g, 豆油 lg, DL—蛋氨酸
0.2g, H2P04 0.4g, (NH4)2S 04 0 · 8g, FeS04 · 7H20 0.005g, CaC03 lg; 消前 pH为 6
. 2。
1.2.2 发酵罐培养
一级种子培养基(100L): 葡萄糖 lkg, 蔗糖 2.5kg, 玉米浆 lkg, 豆饼粉 3kg, 碳 酸钙 0.5kg, 消沬剂 0.08kg, 消前 pH为 6.0;
二级种子培养基(100L): 葡萄糖 lkg, 蔗糖 5kg, 玉米浆 3kg, 豆饼粉 5kg,花 生饼粉 lkg, 碳酸钙 0.5kg, 消沬剂 0.05kg, 消前 pH为 6.0;
发酵培养基配方(100L): 糊精 5.0kg, 豆油 5.0kg, 玉米浆 3kg, 豆饼粉 3kg, 花生饼粉 2kg, 蛋氨酸 0.5kg, 硫酸铵 1.2kg, 硫酸钾 1.0kg, 其他微量元素若干, 碳酸钙 0.8kg, 消沬剂 0.048kg, 消前 pH为 6.0。
1. 3 培养方法
1. 3. 1 摇瓶发酵
由试管斜面采用挖块法接入种子培养基, 置回转式摇床 (偏心距 5cm) 220r / min, 28°C培养 88h, 按 20%接种量接人发酵罐, 28°C发酵培养, 40h后温度控制在 25°C, 继续培养至 157h放罐。
1. 3. 2 发酵罐操作
一级种子罐工艺控制: 0. 25%的接种量,罐温 30 °C,空气比 1 : 2VVM控制,培养 72h 左右, 当 pH值 7. 5以上, PMV大于 20%时移种;
二级种子罐工艺控制: 4. 0%接种量,罐温 30 °C , 空气比 1: 0. 6VVM到 1: 2. 0雨, 培养 60h左右, 当 pH值 7. 5以上, PMV大于 25%时移种;
发酵罐工艺控制: 20. 0%接种量, 罐温前 30h 28°C, 30-110h 25 °C , 110h -放 罐 24°C, 空气比: 1 : 0. 8VVM到 1 : 1. 2VVM。 70小时开始补加豆油后, pH值低于 5. 5时通过计算机自动控制补加 20%左右氨水, 维持发酵液 pH值在 5. 5。
1. 仪器与分析方法
本实验首先在具有多参数检测的全自动实验室发酵罐 FUS-50L (A) (由上海国强生 化工程装备有限公司提供)上进行相关研究; 随后又在工业规模发酵罐上进行了相关 改造, 安装了 BIOSTAR软件包(由华东理工大学提供)获得了与小试发酵罐相同的相关 参数。 小试和工业规模发酵罐系统除配备 pH、 溶氧 (D0)、 温度、 转速等常规的测量控 制系统外, 实现了排气与尾气 02、 C02分析仪连接, 整机具有不低于 10个 (具体地如 14个)在线检测和控制参数、 以及活细胞量和在线细胞显微的在线检测参数, 并具有 能输入实验室手工测定参数的计算机控制与数据处理软件包 BI0RADAR和 BIOSTAR,由 此可进一步精确得到发酵过程优化与放大所必需的包括各种代谢流特征或工程特征 的间接参数, 如、 二氧化碳释放率 (CER)、 呼吸商(RQ)、 体积氧传递系数 (KLa)等。
所述 BI0RADAR和 BIOSTAR中得到的参数中,摄氧率(OUR)通过采用下式计算得到:
C - ' C o2 l
OUR = f
V 1 - (C CCO out ) 式中-
Fin: 进气流量, (mol)
Ct»m\C02m\Cco2l„: 分别为进气中惰性气体、 氧及二氧化碳的浓度%
V: 发酵液体, (L)
f通过下式计算得到:
^73_ J_x l Q_5
273 + tm m \ + h 式中
Pm: 进气的绝对压强, Pa
tm: 进气的温度, V
h: 进气的相对湿度, % 头孢菌素 C含量的 HPLC法测定: HP1 100色谱系统, 色谱柱: TSKge l 0DS-100S 4. 6 X 250mm, ΙΟμηι ; 流动相: 20mM醋酸铵缓冲液(ρΗ5. 6): 乙腈 = 94 : 6, 流量: l. Oml/min , 紫外检测波长: 254nm, 室温, 进样量 20μ1。
菌体浓度测定: PMV法: 取 10ml发酵液, 3000r/min, 离心 20min。
2 结果与分析
2. 1 头孢菌素 C发酵过程中高耗氧过程所引起的参数变化
首先在 50L小试研究发酵罐上对顶头孢霉菌的代谢特性进行了相关研究, 经过初 步研究, 获得了如图 10a所示的与顶头孢霉菌高耗氧相关的代谢特性参数图。
由图 10a可知: 发酵初期 10 h以前, 随着菌体生理代谢强度的增加, 摄氧率 OUR 逐渐增加, DO逐渐下降;随后通过增加通气量、搅拌转速的调控,使 D0维持在 30-40% 左右, 直到 52 h, OUR达到 40. 2molL— h— 达到第一个较高耗氧阶段; 而在其后的 90h以前 OUR变化不大, 但随着头孢菌素 C合成的启动和菌量的不断上升, 菌体代谢 的基质从以葡萄糖为主转化成以豆油作为主要碳源, 而较之于以葡萄糖作为基质而 言, 以脂肪酸作为基质时对氧的需求更大, 92h开始摄氧率 OUR直线上升, 110h左右 达到最大值 57. 1 moir1. h 这一阶段头孢菌素 C生物合成量呈近似直线增加, 其与 头孢菌素 C合成途径关键酶活性高相一致。头孢菌素 C发酵的高耗氧特性 (OUR处于较 高水平)在这一时期表现最为明显, 这是由于头孢菌素 C生物合成过程中多个反应步 骤需分子氧的参与, 氧的供应(从反应器表型中看到的即为溶氧 (D0) )水平对头孢菌素 C合成有强烈影响, 高溶氧水平说明有充分的氧能够促进头孢菌素 C的合成, 减少青 霉素 N (PEN N)、 脱乙酰氧头孢菌素 C (DA0C)、 脱乙酰头孢菌素 C (DAC)的含量 [2— 4], 供 氧不足则会导致发酵副产物 DA0C的大量增加。
2. 2 头孢菌素 C发酵过程中不同碳源利用时细胞代谢特性的变化
2. 2. 1 发酵过程碳源利用的转换与参数相关分析
在头孢菌素发酵过程中, 获得了如下与不同基质利用相关的参数曲线图。
由图 10b可知: 发酵前期菌体利用糊精水解产生的葡萄糖作为碳源进行生长, 菌 体代谢逐渐增强, 摄氧率 0UR、 二氧化碳释放率 CER均逐渐增加, RQ值 17h前在 0. 75 以上也说明了以葡萄糖类碳源作为主要碳源的利用情况 [5]。 17h〜29h菌体代谢速率加 快, 糊精水解所得葡萄糖满足不了菌体需求, 菌体被迫利用培养基中由黄豆粉等氮源 提供的游离氨基酸用作自身合成的碳骨架, RQ值下降。 29h〜70h RQ值上升, 菌体以 糊精水解的葡萄糖为主要碳源, 同时利用多种碳源, 随着糊精的利用 70h附近 RQ达
到峰值 0. 95, 此时进入基质的转换阶段; 在发酵进行到 90h后, RQ值基本保持在 0. 6 左右, 说明此阶段基本以豆油作为细胞代谢的基质。
2. 2. 2 发酵过程中后期补加豆油的作用及对溶氧的影响
顶头孢霉菌发酵生产头孢菌素 C中, 豆油的补加与利用至关重要, 一方面它提供 头孢菌素 C合成的重要碳源物质, 另一方面豆油还是常用的消泡剂, 对发酵后期控制 发酵罐液位有较大作用。 实验结果表明: 不同阶段补加的豆油具有不同的作用, 基础 培养基中含有 5%的豆油, 从早期发酵过程 RQ的变化趋势中看出(见图 10b)发酵初期 豆油并没有得到利用, 它的存在也许只是在于对脂肪酶诱导的作用。
发酵中后期在 80h开始补加豆油, 随着豆油中脂肪酸的利用, 95h后基质转换后 期 RQ下降到 0. 64, 进入豆油完全利用阶段, 且 RQ波动较平稳。 豆油的这种利用情况 与菌体脂肪酶活性的形成及高浓度葡萄糖的阻遏相关 [6·7], 因而在基质转换初期(70 h 左右), 由于脂肪酶活力不足使豆油水解成脂肪酸的速率不能满足菌体的需要, 造成 代谢参数 OUR, CER的下降(图 10b), 随着脂肪酶活力的提高, 可直接利用的碳源脂肪 酸增加, 使 OUR, CE 在 90h又开始上升, 并在 110h达到最高值而后进入了一个比较 稳定阶段, 头孢菌素 C生物合成大大改善。
而与之相对应的, 在发酵过程以豆油作为基质时, 其耗氧量也大大增加, 为了维 持 DO水平,不得不在 90h后又多次提高转速,从原来的 400rpm提高到了 600rpm, (见 图 10a), 而导致以油作为基质时的 OUR达到了最大值。
通过上述研究,对头胞菌素 C的发酵代谢特性与调控有了初步的了解, 且经过 D0 与 OUR的调控在 50L发酵罐上的发酵单位达到 38000 U/ml。
2. 3 头孢菌素 C发酵过程放大研究
2. 3. 1头孢菌素 C发酵过程小试与工业规模发酵罐的生理代谢特性差异
通过对 50L小试研究发酵罐对头孢菌素 C的代谢特性研究, 对其代谢特性有了充 分的了解, 最终获得了 38000 u/ml的较高发酵单位; 而在经改造后获得相同代谢参 数的工业规模 160m3发酵罐上, 采取相似的培养策略其发酵单位却比小试 50L发酵罐 上低了 20% (见图 10c, 在此图中已将相关参数折算成同单位)。
从图 10c中可以看出: 50L发酵罐中整个过程 D0控制得比较平稳, 基本在 30-50% 之间, 尤其是在 90h以后, 当以油作为代谢主要碳源的情况下, OUR维持在较高的水 平, 而且保持得较平稳; 相比之下, 在工业规模 160m3发酵罐中, 在 100h左右, D0 降的较低, 仅为 10%左右, 在此情况下, 一般会采用不得不降低补油量来维持 D0的策 略, 所以与之相对应, 160m3发酵罐上此时的 OUR开始下降, 而且后期一直保持下降 的态势; 在图 10c中还有两条曲线值得关注, 即小试罐和大罐的 RQ曲线, 50L发酵罐 从以油作为基质后, 其 RQ值一直比工业规模发酵罐要低的多, 这说明相对而言, 在 小试发酵罐中对油的利用较工业规模发酵罐要好。研究过程中类似的现象是具有普遍 性的。 图 10d即为将多批次小试研究过程中的 RQ和 pH与多批次工业规模发酵罐参数 比较图。
从图 lOd可以看出: 实验室小试规模发酵罐的 RQ明显低于工业规模发酵罐的 RQ, 也即意味着工业规模发酵罐对油的利用度较小试发酵罐差; 与此同时统计全程补入发 酵罐的油量 (则算成体积比后)反而是工业规模罐上比小试罐上的更大; 然而油是从发 酵罐的罐顶逐渐补入的, 若反应器混合出现问题, 则有可能使基质在整个反应器内分 布不均匀, 使顶头孢霉菌对基质的利用度变差; 另外, 从两种类型发酵罐前期 pH下 降的趋势来看, 小试规模也较工业规模发酵罐来得快, 说明小罐中的细胞代谢活性较 工业规模发酵罐上强。 文献报道, 不同搅拌桨的形式对于发酵过程的供氧、 混合会产 生相当大的影响, 上述参数变化的趋势, 使我们对工业规模发酵罐的设备供氧、 混合 能力产生了怀疑, 尽管该工业规模罐配备了 3 KW/m3的高功率搅拌, 但有可能并未满 足头孢菌素 C高耗氧的需求。
2. 3. 2 结合细胞代谢特性分析后的工业规模发酵罐改造实施
根据上述模拟结果, 本发明提出了对 DO与 OUR参数进行调节的方法。 具体地, 采 用改变搅拌桨形式的方法进行, 即将原来的四平叶式 (径向)搅拌改变成底部一、 二层 仍以粉碎气泡为主的半圆形与平叶形搅拌, 适当增加搅拌桨直径, 而三、 四层则采用 轴向搅拌为主的四款叶式搅拌的方案, 同时对新设计搅拌桨后的反应器流场特性进行 模拟, 模拟结果见图 10f。 从模拟图中可以看出, 改造后的桨型情况下, 空气分布有 了较大的改善, 整个发酵罐内比较均匀, 改善了罐内的流体混合。
然而实际上工业规模发酵罐搅拌桨的改造由于受到原有结构设计的限制, 所以搅 拌桨的形式不能改变, 在此情况下只能从改变反应器搅拌桨的直径入手, 即将原来的 搅拌桨直径拉大, 使供氧和混合有了改善, 获得了初步的改造结果见图 10g。
从图 10h可知: 搅拌改善后, DO的低点有所改善, OUR也有一定的维持, 使得工 业规模发酵罐的 DO与 OUR参数与预定值(实验室小试规模发酵罐的 DO与 OUR参数)的 差异 RQ也较原来的有所降低, 最终的发酵单位也比原来提高了 14%, 取得了初步放 大的成功。
3 讨论
本发明研究了顶头孢霉菌发酵生产的高好氧特性及其对各参数的影响、发酵过程 中补加豆油对头孢菌素 C生产的影响, 头孢菌素 C发酵过程中不同碳源基质转换以及 与之相关的参数变化特性, 最终采取措施, 使工业规模发酵罐的生理特性与小试发酵 罐相似, 最终实现了发酵过程的放大:
( 1 ) 头孢菌素 c发酵过程是一个高耗氧过程, 溶氧高低在影响菌体自身生长代 谢的同时还关系头孢菌素 C的产量, 同时低溶氧使副产物 PEN N, DA0C和 DAC增加, 既影响了产品的质量又给后续的分离纯化带来很大的麻烦, 因此在生物合成过程中, 尤其在发酵中后期当以高耗氧的豆油作为主要碳源时, 氧的充分供应尤为重要。
( 2 ) 豆油是头孢菌素 C生物合成所需的关键碳源, 对豆油各个阶段作用的分析 及对各参数的影响, 能够清楚地了解各时期豆油的利用情况: 在基础料中添加豆油可 以诱导脂肪酶产生, 有利于豆油的利用, 早期基本是以糊精的水解产物葡萄糖等作为
主要的碳源; 发酵中期菌体代谢旺盛对基质的需求增加, 豆油作为基本碳源被大量消 耗, 与此同时以豆油为主要基质时, 细胞代谢对溶氧的需求很大, 所以对设备提出了 较高的供氧要求; 另一方面, 对于 160吨高度达 10多米的发酵罐而言, 从发酵罐顶 部流加豆油, 想要达到底物在反应器内的均与分布, 对发酵罐的混合也提出了较高要 求。
(3) 在放大过程中, 首先通过小试研究罐和生产罐的生理代谢特征参数的差 异, 发现生产罐的供氧能力较小试研究罐弱, 然后通过改变搅拌桨直径, 增加了供氧 和混合, 使得 DO与 OUR与小试的参数接近, 使发酵罐的放大取得了初步成效。 实施例 4: VB12发酵过程优化与放大
1材料和方法
1.1 菌种和培养基
1.1.1菌株: 脱氮假单孢杆菌(/¾e io Mas ife2 ir Yca2s), 由石家庄制药集团 华荣制药有限公司提供。
1.1.2 培养基
一级种子培养基: 糖蜜、 玉米浆、 KH2P04、 (NH4)2S04、 (NH4)2HP04、 MnS04等。
二级种子培养基: 糖蜜、 玉米浆、 KH2P04、 (NH4)2S04、 (NH4)2HP04、 MgS04等。
发酵培养基: 糖蜜、 蔗糖、 甜菜碱、 (NH4)2S04、 MgS04、 CoCl2、 DMBI、 ZnS04等。 1.2发酵罐:中试发酵罐容积为 9m3,搅拌器为轴向;工业规模发酵罐容积为 120m3, 搅拌器主流为轴向混合 (如图 4所示)。
1.3 分析方法
1.3.1 生物量测量: 采用测量菌体干重法(Dry cell weight, DCW)。 吸取 25ml发 酵液, 离心后用蒸熘水洗菌体, 再次离心后, 将菌体 105°C烘至恒重后称量。
1.3.2 总糖的测定: 采用斐林试剂法。
1.3.3 氨基氮的测定: 甲醛滴定法。
1.3.4尾气分析: 使用 SHiENS GXH-9022 C02、 02分析系统, 最后的数据处理和相 关分析通过上位机软件包 BI0STAR (购自华东理工大学国家生化工程技术研究中心,上 海)完成。
1.3.5 溶解氧测定: Mettler Toledo在线溶氧检测系统。
1.3.6 pH测定: Mettler Toledo在线 pH检测系统。
1.3.7 VB12测定
将被测样品中不同形式的 812转化为氰钴胺, 流动相: 250mM磷酸水溶液:乙腈 =30: 70, 色谱柱: C8 5FI13513 260*4.6mm; 检测波长: 361nm; 进样量: 20ul; 流 速: 1.7ml/min。
2. 结果与分析
2. 1 摇瓶中不同供氧水平对发酵产 VB12的影响
由于利用 P. denitrificans合成 VB12是一个耗氧的代谢过程,在 VB12的好氧合成 途径中, 还涉及到 0原子的加入。 但是, 目前对 A 7 ir Yca 7s发酵过程中供氧状 况不同对 812合成所产生的影响还未有文献报道。 因此本试验在摇瓶发酵过程中, 通 过在相同摇瓶中放入相同量的发酵液和同样的接种量情况下, 不同发酵阶段的转速变 化来考察摇瓶中不同供氧水平对 VB12合成的影响。 具体的试验设计和结果见表 3 : 表 3 摇瓶发酵过程中转速变化对 VB12合成的影响(The effect of different revolut ions per minute in shake-flask fermentat ion on VB12 biosynthesis ) 不同发酵阶段转速变化情况 / (rpm) VB12 相对百分比
0-60h 60-100h 100- 160h ( g/ml)
260 260 260 125. 45 100%
200 200 200 95. 45 76. 08%
260 260 200 121. 57 96. 90%
200 200 260 96. 82 77. 18%
200 260 260 116. 46 92. 84%
260 200 200 108. 60 86. 57% 由表 3可以看出, 当摇瓶发酵过程的转速一直为 200rpm时, 放瓶时的 VB12单位最 低; 摇瓶发酵过程的转速一直维持在 260rpm时, 放瓶时的 VB12单位在六种处理中最 高, 比对照提高 24%。 摇瓶发酵过程的第 60-100h是 P. denitrificans开始大量合成 812的阶段, 由表 3可以看出, 该发酵阶段的供氧状况对最终放瓶单位影响最为关键, 该阶段转速为 200rpm的三个处理的放瓶 ¥812单位相对较低, 都低于该阶段转速为 260rpm的三个处理。从以上试验结果可以得出结论,摇瓶发酵过程中供氧状况良好更 有利于 VB12的生物合成。
2. 2 在 9 m3中试规模发酵罐上不同供氧与耗氧情况对脱氮假单孢杆菌的代谢影响 在对摇瓶研究中获知了供氧对脱氮假单胞杆菌发酵过程中代谢的重要性, 于是先 在安装了发酵过程数据分析软件包 BI0STAR的中试规模 9m3发酵罐上进行了实验, 获 得了如图 11a所示的代表性代谢曲线:
从获得的曲线上可以发现, 在脱氮假单胞杆菌发酵过程中, 随着发酵过程的进行, 菌量 (X)的不断增加, 耗氧率 (OUR)与二氧化碳释放速率 (CER)不断增加, D0也不断下 降, 20h 左右 DO机已降到较低水平(20%左右), 然后 0UR、 CER均达到了较高水平, 随着发酵的不断进行,在 80h左右 0UR、 CE 又略有增加,而 D0又有所下降 (8%左右), 而到了发酵后阶段, 实际上菌量的增加已不是太大 (X的增加比较平缓), 然而 0UR、 CER仍维持较高水平, 此时 ¥812的增长却保持了较高的速率, 确实说明 812的合成过 程是一个较强的耗氧过程, 在此操作调控下最终的 ¥812发酵单位达到了 195 g /ml。
2. 3 基于耗氧特征一致的工业规模放大研究
随后在 120m3工业规模发酵罐上进行了放大实验,获得了下述不同操作条件下的代 谢情况。
2. 3. 1 两种不同供氧水平下发酵前期 0UR、 CER、 D0、 pH的变化
图 l ib和图 11c为 120m3罐上两种不同供氧水平下,发酵前期在线采集的 0UR、CER、 D0、 pH的变化趋势图。
由图 l ib和图 11c可以看出, Z3. 7 ir Yca 7s菌体的延滞期非常短暂, 菌体生 长后 pH呈上升趋势, pH上升至最高峰后, 开始逐渐下降, 然后又有个回升的过程, 之后又开始下降。 在低供氧条件下如图 l ib显示, 由于 pH不断下降, 不得不通过补 加氨水来维持发酵液适宜的 pH, 所以出现了锯齿形的 pH走势, 而相比之下在供氧较 好的情况下(图 l ie) ,在 20h后 pH非常稳定, 并不象低供氧水平下的罐批那样需要流 加氨水来调节 pH, 可能是因为氧的供应较好, 糖代谢完全, 积累的有机酸较少, 使得 pH较平稳。 而从 DO的变化趋势来看 ,随着菌体的生长 DO逐渐下降, CER、 OUR也同 步逐渐增加, 图 l ib中当 DO在第 17h降至 0时, OUR和 CER仍然呈现上升趋势, 到第 24. 5h时 OU 和 CE 到达最高峰, 分别达到 46 mol/ ( hm3)和 44 mol/ ( hm3)。 第 24. 5h 之后 OUR和 CER明显开始下降, 这很可能是由于菌体的生长代谢受到氧的供应的限制 而造成的, 该罐批下 VB12的放罐单位为 125 g/ml。 而在图 11c中, 前期的 DO走势相 同, 但到 15h时 DO降低程度较图 l ib高些(约 5%), 过程中曾通过增加通气量使 OUR 与 CER都到了一个新的高度, 且 OUR和 CER并没有出现明显的下降趋势, 这说明菌体 一直维持着较旺盛的代谢能力, 从而更加利于 VB12的生物合成, 该罐批下 VB12的放罐 单位为 190μ /ηι1。
2. 3. 2放大效果的测定 -两种不同供氧水平下发酵过程的总糖、 氨基氮、 菌体干重 和 812等参数变化情况
与上述试验结果相对应,本试验测定了两种不同溶氧控制的罐批下发酵过程总糖、 氨基氮、 菌体干重和 VB12的变化情况, 结果见下图 l id:
在发酵过程中, 当总糖浓度降低到 4g/100ml左右时, 开始进行补加糖, 控制发 酵液中总糖浓度在 3-4g/100ml。 由图 l ld. A可以看出, 发酵前期糖耗基本相似, 低供 氧罐批的略好一些, 这有可能是该批发酵的菌种质量较好所导致的, 但在 20h后, 供 氧较好的罐批其糖耗速率明显较低供氧罐批要好; 发酵过程氨基氮变化趋势是较低供 氧罐批在第 36h之前氨基氮含量较供氧较好的罐批低, 但之后, 较低供氧罐批的氨基 氮高于高溶氧控制的罐批, 尤其是 120h之后, 低溶氧控制罐批的氨基氮回升幅度非 常大。 氨基氮含量的变化同样说明了二种供氧情况下罐批的菌体代谢变化, 在第 36h 之后, 低溶氧控制罐批的菌体代谢能力由于溶氧限制而下降明显, 更是造成 120h之 后菌体自溶的加剧。
由图 l ld. B可以看出, 在第 30h之前, 较低供氧罐批的菌体干重略高于供氧较好 的罐批, 这和在此阶段的糖耗、 氨基氮含量等均有良好的相关性。 但是第 30h之后,
供氧较好的罐批的菌体干重则一直大于较低供氧罐批, 不同的供氧控制策略下的不同 罐批下的最大菌体干重分别为 35. 44g/L和 31. 26g/L。 这再次说明, 由于种子质量较 好等一些因素, 使得较低供氧罐批的菌体生长代谢能力在发酵前期要优于供氧较好的 罐批。 但是随着菌体量越来越大, 这需要越来越多的氧来满足菌体的生长代谢, 较低 供氧罐批在未进行工艺调整的情况下其供氧能力不能满足菌体对于氧的需求, 使得溶 氧降低至 0, 更是使得溶氧成为菌体生长代谢的限制性因素。 另外, 从菌体合成 VB12 来看, 第 36h时, 较低供氧罐批的 VB12单位还略高于供氧较好的罐批, 分别为 20. 13μδ/ηι1和 18. 65μ /ηι1。 但 60h之后, 供氧较好的罐批的 VB12单位却高于较低供 氧罐批, 尤其是在第 108h之后, 供氧较好的罐批的 VB12单位的增长幅度更是明显高 于较低供氧罐批, 最终的 VB12放罐单位供氧较好的罐批比较低供氧罐批的发酵单位提 高了 50%, 最终发酵单位达到了 190μ /ml。
综合以上两种不同供氧水平罐批的总糖、 氨基氮、 菌体干重和 VB12等的参数变化 过程, 可以得出一个很明显的结论, A 7 ir Yca ^在发酵过程中, 在菌体好氧最 为剧烈的发酵前期, 如果不能满足菌体对氧的需求, 会因为氧的供应的限制而严重影 响菌体的生长代谢, 从而导致菌体提前自溶, 更是会影响 ¥812的合成。 据此我们对发 酵过程的搅拌转速和空气流量作一定的调整, 以改善发酵过程的供氧、 混合及传质状 况, 通过确保发酵过程的供氧和耗氧, 尤其是供氧状况改善之后有利于发酵过程菌体 的生长和 ¥812的合成。
2. 3. 3 两种不同供氧水平下发酵过程比生长速率和比产物形成速率的变化情况 在上述两种不同供氧水平的罐批下, 其发酵过程中 和¾ 的变化见图 l ie :
由图 l ie. A可以看出,较低供氧的罐批在第 12h时比生长速率就达到最大值, 为 8. 89 X 10— 21 而供氧较好罐批在第 16h时达到最大值, 为 9. 13 X 10— —1。 在菌体旺 盛生长的阶段, 供氧较好罐批的比生长速率一直高于较低供氧罐批的比生长速率。 第 48h之后, 二者的菌体比生长速率在 1 X 10— ^―1以下, 而第 96h之后比生长速率更是接 近于 0。 由图 l le. B可以看出, 在整个发酵过程中, 供氧较好罐批的 ¾一直高于较低 供氧罐批的 ¾。 结果再次说明, 在 . 7 ir Yca 7s发酵产 VB12的过程中, 氧的供应的 限制会严重影响菌体的生长和 ¥812的合成, 而改善发酵过程中的供氧水平更加有利于 发酵过程菌体的生长和 VB12的合成。
2. 3. 调节生理特征参数, 进行放大
采用类似实施例 3的方法, 调节 120m3工业规模发酵罐的生理代谢特征参数, 确保 与预定值的氧的供给与确保 OUR的趋势一致, 使 VB12的发酵单位由工艺改进前的 125μδ/ηι1提高到 190μ /ηι1, 提高了 50%。
3. 结论
目前有很多关于 7 ir Yca 7合成 ¥812的报道, 但主要只是集中在对 VB12合成 途径的研究, 以及采用随机诱变和基因工程手段来提高产 ¥812的水平。 而在
P. 7 ir Ca 7产 VB12的有关总体实时代谢工艺调控的报道却较少,大多也都局限于
培养基的优化等。 本发明集中探讨了发酵过程宏观代谢调控中的细胞耗氧特征对
P. denitrifican发酵产 VB12的影响。
首先通过 P. denitrifican的摇瓶试验考察了供氧状况对 VB12合成的影响, 结果表 明供氧状况良好更有利于 812的合成; 在此基础上, 通过发酵过程参数趋势曲线变化 的相关性分析, 首先在 9m3中试罐上, 发现了发酵过程中氧的供给与确保 OUR的趋势 是保证 ¥812合成能力提高的关键性因素, 因此通过对工艺进行调整和改进, 提高了发 酵过程的供氧水平, 使得 ¥812的产量有了大幅提高; 最后在工业规模 120m3发酵罐上 按照同样原理放大, 通过调整工艺操作时的供氧与 OUR相关参数, 使 VB12的发酵单 位由工艺改进前的 125 g/ml提高到 190μ /ηι1, 提高了 50%。
Claims
1 . 一种生化反应器, 其特征在于, 所述生化反应器 (41)上设有在线细胞显微观察 仪 (4), 所述在线细胞显微观察仪 (4)包括观察仪主体 (43), 物镜 (24), 观察入射窗 (22), 取样装置 (40), 外部光源系统 (60), 观察仪主体 (43)前端设置观察入射窗 (22), 观察入 射窗 (22)前部设置取样装置 (40),观察仪主体 (43)内,观察入射窗 (22)后面放置物镜 (24) 和外部光源系统 (60), 其中所述外部光源系统 (60)与物镜 (24)之间设置反射棱镜 (25), 物镜 (24)后面, 观察入射窗 (22)前设有反射镜 (23), 反射棱镜 (25)前面放置环形光阑片 (26), 反射棱镜 (25)侧面上部置有 CCD或面阵图像传感器 (30);所述取样装置 (40)由取 样块 (21), 弹性元件 (38), 移动装置构成, 其中, 取样块 (21)与移动装置的驱动轴 (51) 之间连接弹性元件 (38), 取样块 (21)前端面与观察入射窗 (22)之间的间隙构成采样池 (50)。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的生化反应器, 其特征在于在线细胞显微观察仪的外部 光源系统 (60)由光源 (28), 聚光镜 (29), 可换滤色片 (27)组成; 所述光源 (28)为卤素灯 或 LED灯, 其发射的光线经过聚光镜 (29)聚焦后形成平行光束后透过可换滤色片 (27) 产生所需的波段光线。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的生化反应器, 其特征在于在线细胞显微观察仪的移动 装置由驱动轴 (51), 连接杆 (46), 取样拉杆 (44), 弹性元件 (39)组成, 其中装有驱动轴 (51)的连接杆 (46)通过螺丝 (47)与取样拉杆 (44)相连接, 取样拉杆 (44)与弹性元件 (39) 在连接处 (9a)通过焊接进行密封和连接, 同时弹性元件 (39)的另外一端面也在连接处 (9b)通过焊接与观察仪主体 (43)相连接, 或者
在线细胞显微观察仪的移动装置由驱动轴 (51), 电机 (48), 取样筒 (49)组成, 其中 取样筒 (49)连接在观察仪主体 (43)的前端, 取样筒 (49)后端置有电机 (48), 电机 (48)输 出轴连接驱动轴 (51)。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的生化反应器, 其特征在于, 所述生化反应器 (41)的罐体上 还设有活细胞量传感器(13)。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的生化反应器, 其特征在于, 所述生化反应器 (41)的罐体上 还设有以下用于过程优化与数据放大的部件:
具有多参数检测及控制的仪器仪表和传感装置的传感系统(100)、 带安装支架和 工艺管道系统(200)以及带有工控机及执行元器件的电气控制柜(300)。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的生化反应器, 其特征在于,
所述的传感系统(100)包括温度传感器(1), pH传感器(2), 溶解氧传感器(3), 全罐秤量传感器 (4), 尾气 C02接口(5), 尾气 02接口(6), 测速传感器(7), 压力传感 器 (8), 消泡传感器 (9) ; 所述的多参数是指温度, 搅拌转速, 通气流量, 罐压, 消泡, pH, 溶解氧浓度, 发酵液真实体积及重量, 包括基质、 前体、 油、 酸碱物在内的补料 量, 尾气 C02和 02 ; 或者
所述带安装支架和工艺管道系统 (200)包括料瓶 (72); 预热器 (74); 全罐秤量支 座 (73); 取样用特殊支架 (76); 罐体总成 (77); 快速装拆机座 (78); 电动机 (79); 管 架 (80); 油水分离器 (81); 减压阀(82); 过滤器 (83); 流量计 (84); 空气过滤器 (85); 压力表 (86); 冷却器 (87); 管道视镜 (88); 热水器 (89); 无死体积取样阀(90); 消泡 传感器接口(91); 尾气 C02接口(92); 尾气 02接口(93); 温度传感器(94); pH传感 接口(95); DO传感器接口(97); 或者
所述带有工控机及执行元器件的电气控制柜(300)包括: 热质量流量计(10); 高 精度蠕动泵(11);基质补料电子秤(12);循环泵(15); 电磁阀(16);数 /模转换器(17); 模 /数转换器(18); 下位机(19); 上位机 (20); 调制解调器 (61); 稀土电机 (63)。
7、一种在线细胞显微观察仪,它包括观察仪主体 (43),物镜 (24),观察入射窗 (22), 取样装置 (40), 外部光源系统 (60), 观察仪主体 (43)前端设置观察入射窗 (22), 观察入 射窗 (22)前部设置取样装置 (40),观察仪主体 (43)内,观察入射窗 (22)后面放置物镜 (24) 和外部光源系统 (60;), 其特征在于, 所述外部光源系统 (60;)与物镜 (24)之间设置反射棱 镜 (25), 物镜 (24)后面, 观察入射窗 (22)前设有反射镜 (23), 反射棱镜 (25)前面放置环 形光阑片 (26), 反射棱镜 (25)侧面上部置有 CCD或面阵图像传感器 (30); 所述取样装 置 (40)由取样块 (21), 弹性元件 (38), 移动装置构成, 其中, 取样块 (21)与移动装置的 驱动轴 (51)之间连接弹性元件 (38), 取样块 (21)前端面与观察入射窗 (22)之间的间隙构 成采样池 (50)。
8、一种采用权利要求 1所述的生化反应器 (41)的发酵方法, 其特征在于, 所述方 法包括步骤:
(a)测定所述生物反应器装置的所述发酵过程中的生理代谢参数、 生理代谢参数 相关特性或其组合;
其中所述生理代谢参数选自: 溶氧、 摄氧率、 pH、 二氧化碳释放率、 呼吸商、 活 细胞量或细胞形态、 测定的代谢产物或基质消耗、 或其组合;
(b)将步骤 (a)测定的所述生理代谢参数、生理代谢参数相关特性与预定值的生理 代谢参数、 生理代谢参数相关特性或其组合进行比较; 选出与所述预定值最为接近的 生物反应器装置; 确定优化的放大生物反应器装置;
其中所述生理代谢参数如步骤 (a)所述。
9、如权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 (a)中, 该方法通过检测生 物反应器的多个工艺控制参数以获得所述发酵过程中的生理代谢参数、生理代谢参数 相关特性或其组合,
其中所述多个工艺控制参数为温度,搅拌转速, 通气流量, 罐压, 消泡, pH, 溶 解氧浓度, 发酵液真实体积及重量, 包括基质、 前体、 油、 酸碱物的补料量, 尾气 C02 和 02。
10、 一种如权利要求 1所述的生化反应器 (41)的用途, 其特征在于, 用于发酵过 程优化与放大。
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| WO2006061947A1 (ja) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-15 | Osaka University | 蛍光顕微鏡及び観察方法 |
| CN1971333A (zh) * | 2006-10-11 | 2007-05-30 | 南开大学 | 采用虚拟针孔的共焦显微成像系统 |
| CN101071106A (zh) * | 2007-06-18 | 2007-11-14 | 上海国强生化工程装备有限公司 | 用于生化反应器的在线细胞显微观察仪 |
| CN201047885Y (zh) * | 2007-06-18 | 2008-04-16 | 上海国强生化工程装备有限公司 | 在线细胞显微观察仪 |
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