WO2008151512A1 - Site-specific pegylated linear salmon calcitonin derivatives - Google Patents
Site-specific pegylated linear salmon calcitonin derivatives Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008151512A1 WO2008151512A1 PCT/CN2008/001093 CN2008001093W WO2008151512A1 WO 2008151512 A1 WO2008151512 A1 WO 2008151512A1 CN 2008001093 W CN2008001093 W CN 2008001093W WO 2008151512 A1 WO2008151512 A1 WO 2008151512A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/575—Hormones
- C07K14/585—Calcitonins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
- A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
- A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a localized PEGylated modification of linear salmon calcitonin analogs, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and their use in the treatment of diseases such as osteoporosis and related bone metabolic diseases and bone pain. Background technique
- Calcitonin is secreted by the mammalian thyroid follicular paracancerous cells (C cells) or the posterior corpus callosum of fish and birds, a single-chain peptide compound containing 32 amino acid residues. It is one of the important hormones for maintaining calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. Its main function is to inhibit bone resorption and lower blood calcium levels. Natural calcitonin isolated from animals of different species has the following structural features in the molecule, although the composition of the amino acid residues is different: N-terminal 1, disulfide ring formed by cysteine at position 7 Structure and C-terminal proline group.
- calcitonin secreted by the ridge promoter of fish is the strongest, and the calcitonin secreted by mammals is weak, such as salmon calcitonin (sCT, whose primary sequence is: H-ring (Cys'-Ser-Asn-Leu-Ser-Thr-Cys 7 ) -Va l-Leu-Gly-Lys n -Leu-Ser -Gln-Glu-Leu 16 -Hi s-Lys-Leu-Gln-Thr 21 -Tyr-Pro-Arg-Thr-Asn 26 -Thr-G 1 y-Ser-G 1 y 30 -Thr 31 -Pr o-NH 2 ) is 30 times more active than human calcitonin (hCT).
- Calcitonin can effectively prevent osteoporosis, and at the same time reduce the symptoms of bone pain and fatigue in patients with osteoporosis.
- synthetic analogs of sCT, hCT, and salmon calcitonin (eCT) are clinically used primarily to treat osteoporosis, Paget's disease, hypercalcemia, and osteoporosis in senile and postmenopausal women. Or bone pain caused by bone tumors.
- sCT is mainly used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. It is also suitable for estrogen contraindications and male osteoporosis patients. Its injection has been listed in the US in 1986. l ci c ), the usual dose is 10-20ug/day.
- sCT activates adenylate cyclase (cAMP), and studies have shown that cAMP acts as an important sputum in osteoclasts and is involved in the inhibition of osteoclasts.
- sCT can also act on human osteoblasts to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.
- s CT reduces blood calcium and phosphorus levels mainly by inhibiting the conversion of bone calcium to blood calcium.
- sCT can specifically bind to the calcitonin receptors in the brain and hypothalamus, mediating central analgesic effects.
- disulfide rings have different effects on the activity of different calcitonin.
- the disulfide ring in sCT is not a necessary group for its activity, and its linear analog, that is, the sCT analog containing no 1,7 disulfide ring, can still maintain good biological activity.
- the linear salmon calcitonin analogue (hereinafter referred to as sCT (L)) is less difficult to synthesize and the cost is reduced.
- sCT (L) The linear salmon calcitonin analogue
- peptide drugs can maintain good biological activity after modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and can significantly prolong the half-life in vivo. At present, there have been reports on the PEG modification of sCT.
- sCT sCT (L) form
- sCT (L) form the precise sCT analogs
- Single PEG positioning modification it is necessary to contain or reintroduce amino acid residues containing a specific reactive functional group in a linear sCT analog to increase the specificity of the reaction.
- the preparation of these linear sCT analogs can be accomplished by any technique conventional in the art, preferably by chemical synthesis.
- the abbreviations used in the present invention have the following meanings:
- One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a localized PEGylation modification of a linear salmon calcitonin analog which is structured to alter certain amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of a linear salmon calcitonin analog.
- the side chain retains only one amino group, carboxyl group or sulfhydryl group, and the polyethylene glycol modification of the positioning is accomplished on these amino, carboxyl or sulfhydryl groups.
- the polyethylene glycol modification of the linear salmon calcitonin analog of the present invention is as described in the following formula (1), formula (I I ) or formula (I I I ) and its definition.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of a localized polyethylene glycolated modification of a linear salmon calcitonin analog.
- the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a sterly PEGylated modification of at least one of the above linear salmon calcitonin analogs, or a stereoisomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
- the invention further relates to the use of a localized PEGylated modification of the linear salmon calcitonin analog of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, bone pain and the like of a bone metabolic disease or condition.
- Positioning PEGylation modification of linear salmon calcitonin analog of the present invention There is a structure of formula (I):
- Cys is a cysteine and can be located at any one of the linear salmon calcitonin analogs, including the N-terminus, the C-terminus, and any one of the sequences;
- sCT(L) is a linear salmon calcitonin peptide analog having the following structural features: Aai-Ser-Asn-Leu-Ser-Thr-Aa 2 -Aa 3 -Leu-Gly-Aa i) -Leu-Ser- Gln-Glu-Aa 5 -Aa 6 -Aa7-Aa8-Pro-Aa9-Thr-Asn-Thr-Gly-Ser-Aaio- Thr-Pro-NH 2
- Aai may be selected from the group consisting of Cys, AcmCys, N-a-pro inol-Cys, Ala, D-Ala, Val, Leu, lie, Gly, Ser, Thr, Phe, Met, Tr of a non-polar amino acid;
- Aa 2 may be selected from the group consisting of Cys, AcmCys, Ala, D-Ala, Val, Leu, lie, Gly, Ser, Thr, Phe, Met, Trp, and non-polar amino acids, and human & 1 and human & 2 are not Cys at the same time ;
- Aa 3 is a non-polar amino acid selected from the group consisting of Val, Gly, Met, Leu, lie, Cys, Ala, D-Ala;
- Aa 4 is a gas-based acid selected from the group consisting of Lys, Cys, Arg, and Gin;
- Aa 5 is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Leu, Ala, D-Ala, He, Cys, Val, Gly;
- Aa 6 is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of His, Cys, Lys, Arg;
- Aa 7 is an amino acid selected from the group consisting of Lys, Arg, Cys, His, Gin; Aa 8 i ll -Leu-Gln-Thr-Tyr-, -Gln-Thr-Tyr-, -Thr-Tyr-, -Leu-Gln-Thr-, -Leu-Gln-, -Cys-Tyr-, Leu, Tyr, Ala, D-Ala, Cys;
- Aa 9 may be selected from the amino acids of Arg, Lys, His, Cys;
- Amino acids may be selected from the group consisting of Gly, Ala, D-Ala, Cys, Pro, D-Pro. Unless otherwise specified, the amino acids are all L-type mercapto acids. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, sCT (L) in equation (I) has the following structural features:
- Aa 2 is Cys, Ala, D-Ala, and Aa! and Aa 2 are not Cys at the same time;
- Aa 3 is Val, Gly, Ala, D-Ala;
- Aa 4 is Lys, Arg
- Aa 5 is Leu, Ala, D-Ala, Cys
- Aa 6 is His, Arg
- Aa 7 is Lys, Arg
- Aa 9 is Arg, His
- Aa 10 is Gly, Ala, D-Ala.
- amino acids are all L-type amino acids.
- sCT (L) in the formula ( ⁇ ) has the following structural features:
- Aa 2 is Cys
- Aa 3 is Val, Gly; Aa 4 is Lys;
- Aa 5 is Leu, Ala
- Aa ⁇ is His
- Aa 7 is Lys
- Aa 8 is -!eu- Gln-Thr - Tyr-
- Aa 9 is Arg
- Aai 0 is Ala, D - Ala.
- amino acids are all L-type amino acids.
- the localized PEGylated modification of the linear salmon calcitonin analog of the present invention may also have the structure of formula (II):
- PEG is RO (CH 2 CH 2 0) n —CH 2 CH 2 —, RH or CH 3 , n-25-2500;
- Cys is a cysteine and can be located at any one of the linear salmon calcitonin analogs, including the N-terminus, the C-terminus, and any one of the sequences;
- sCT (L) is a linear salmon calcitonin peptide analog, the definition of which is described in the same formula (I).
- a PBG modifier having a carboxyl activating group, an aldehyde group, an isocyano group, an isothiocyanato group or the like is covalently bonded to a terminal amino group of sCT (L), a lysine amino group, a histidine or other introduced amino group. reaction.
- the localized PEGylated modification of the linear salmon calcitonin analog of the present invention may also have the structure of formula ( ⁇ ): Cys-sCT (L) - [CO-X-PEG] z (III) where,
- Cys is a cysteine and can be located at any one of the linear salmon calcitonin analogs, including the N-terminus, the C-terminus, and any one of the sequences;
- sCT (L) is a linear salmon calcitonin peptide analog, the definition of which is described in the same formula (I).
- a PEG modifier having a carboxyl activating group, an amino group or the like is subjected to a covalent bonding reaction with a terminal carboxyl group of sCT (L), an aspartic acid carboxyl group, a glutamic acid carboxyl group or other introduced carboxyl group.
- the localized PEGylation modification of the linear salmon calcitonin analog of the present invention also includes that any amino acid residue in the linear amino acid sequence can be replaced by a cysteine followed by mPEG-MAL, PEG-VS or PEG. -I0D0 modified compound.
- linear salmon calcitonin analogs which can be positioned to be PEGylated are preferred:
- the preparation of the compound of the present invention adopts a conventional polypeptide synthesis method, including a solid phase polypeptide synthesis method, a liquid phase polypeptide synthesis method, and a solid phase-liquid phase polypeptide synthesis method, and the amino acid adopts Fmoc-eight Bu- or Boc-/Bz l-protection strategy.
- the connection method adopts a method of sequentially connecting from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, or synthesizing the fragment first, and then connecting the fragments.
- the solid phase synthesis uses various resins which can form an amide end as a carrier (such as MBHA, PAL, Rink amide resin). Etc.), condensation reaction (such as DCC/HOBT, B0P/DIEA, HBTU/HOBt, TBTU, etc.) with various commonly used condensing agents.
- the peptide is cleaved from the resin with trifluoroacetic acid or anhydrous HF.
- the ligation of the peptide with the PEG modifier is carried out in an aqueous solution or a phosphate buffered saline solution, and the pH of the reaction solution is appropriately controlled.
- the modified product is monitored by RP-HPLC and separated and purified, and the final product is assayed for MALDI-T0F-MS.
- some of the preferred compounds have better activity in the action of reducing blood calcium in animals, and also exhibit long-acting effects in preliminary animal activity studies.
- the invention further relates to at least one polypeptide modification and/or a stereoisomer thereof or a non-physiologically toxic salt thereof, and a conventional pharmaceutical composition, which comprise an effective amount as a live fraction A pharmaceutical composition of an agent or adjuvant.
- conventional pharmaceutical excipients or adjuvants include any or all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial or antifungal agents, isotonic and sustained release agents, and similar physiologically compatible preparations, suitable for intravenous injection. , intramuscular, subcutaneous, or other non-digestive administration is preferred. Depending on the mode of administration, the active compound may be coated to protect the compound from the effects of acid or other natural conditions.
- physiologically toxic salt means a salt which retains the expected physiological activity of the parent compound without causing any unexpected toxic side effects, or a composition containing the same, for example: hydrochloride, hydrobromide salt , sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, and acetate, oxalate, tartrate, succinate, malate, benzoate, pamoate, alginate, methanesulfonate, Tea sulfonate and the like.
- the cation according to the salt may be: an inorganic salt such as a potassium salt, a lithium salt, a zinc salt, a copper salt, a cerium salt, a cerium salt or a calcium salt, and may also be an organic salt such as a trialkylammonium salt.
- an inorganic salt such as a potassium salt, a lithium salt, a zinc salt, a copper salt, a cerium salt, a cerium salt or a calcium salt
- organic salt such as a trialkylammonium salt.
- the polypeptide modification of the present invention and a stereoisomer thereof or a pharmaceutical composition containing the same may be administered in any manner known, such as oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous, nasal administration, etc., for administration of a pharmaceutical form such as a tablet or a capsule.
- a pharmaceutical form such as a tablet or a capsule.
- buccal tablets, chewable tablets, tinctures, suspensions, transdermal agents, micro-emulsions, implants, syrups, and the like It may be a general preparation, a sustained release preparation, a controlled release preparation, and various microparticle delivery systems.
- various biodegradable or biocompatible carriers well known in the art can be widely used.
- the carrier examples include, for example, a saline-based solution and various buffered aqueous solutions, ethanol or other polyols, liposomes, polylactic acid, vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters and the like.
- the dosage of the polypeptide modification in the present invention depends on a number of factors, such as the nature and severity of the disease to be prevented or treated, the sex, age, weight, sensitivity and individual response of the patient or animal, the particular compound used, administration Route, number of doses, and desired therapeutic effect.
- the above dosage can be in single dose form Or divided into several, for example two, three, four dose forms. detailed description
- the solid phase synthesis carrier MBHA resin and PAM resin used in the examples are products of Tianjin Nankai Synthetic Co., Ltd.; DCC;, H0BT, BOP, DIEA and Fmoc-protected natural amino acids are products of Shanghai Jill Biochemical Co., Ltd. and Suzhou Tianma New Technology Co., Ltd. .
- Example 1 Synthesis of [D-Ala 1 , Cys 7 (mPEG 5 . . . -MAL), D-Ala 30 ] sCT (Compound 12)
- Step 1 Solid phase synthesis [D-Ala 1 , Cys 7 , D-Ala 30 ] sCT (Compound 1) 250 mg MBHA resin (0.12ramol) as solid support, Fmoc-Pro-OH, Fmoc-Thr (tBu) -OH , Fmoc-D-Ala-OH , Fraoc-Ser (tBu) -OH , Fmoc-Gly-OH , Fmoc-Asn (Trt) -OH , Fraoc-Arg (Pbf) -OH , Fraoc-Tyr (tBu) -OH , Fmoc-Gln (Trt) -OH , Fmoc-Leu-OH , Fmoc-Lys (Boc) -OH , Fmoc-Hi s (Trt) -OH , Fmoc-Glu (OtBu) -OH , Fraoc -Va l-OH
- the peptide was cleaved from the resin by using 10 ml of anhydrous HF as a lysate and reacting at 0 ° C for 1 h.
- the crude peptide was dissolved in water and lyophilized to give a white dry powder of 400 mg.
- the crude peptide was purified by RP-HPLC, and the molecular weight was 3415. 52, and the retention time was 11.9 ⁇ .
- Step 2 Reaction of the polypeptide with the PEG modification
- the peptide has a molecular weight of 3,287.38 and a retention time of 8.13 min.
- the PEG-modified product was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS, Mn-8465, and the adjacent two peaks had a molecular weight difference of about 44, and had typical structural characteristics of polyethylene glycol.
- the retention time of RP-HPLC was 13.16 min.
- Example 3 Synthesis of [Va l 1 , Ala 7 , Cys 16 GnPEG Leak- MAL) , Des-19- 22, Ala 30 ] sCT (Compound 14)
- the peptide analog had a molecular weight of 2,896.12 and a retention time of 7.87 min.
- the peptide has a molecular weight of 2,896.30 and a retention time of 8.56 min.
- Example 5 Synthesis of [Val 1 , Cys 7 (raPEG pass-MAL), Des-19-22, Ala 30 ] sCT (Compound 16)
- the peptide analog has a molecular weight of 2937.33 and a retention time of 8.87 min.
- the typical structural characteristics of polydecanediol were RP-HPLC retention time of 11.82 min.
- Example 6 [Val ⁇ Cys' nPEG Leak-MAL), Des-19, Ala 3 . Synthesis of sCT (Compound 17)
- the peptide analog had a molecular weight of 3330.8 and a retention time of 10.66 min.
- the PEG modified product was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS, Mn-8476, the molecular weight difference between adjacent two peaks was about 44, and it had typical structural characteristics of polyethylene glycol.
- the retention time of RP-HPLC was 13.38 min.
- the peptide analog had a molecular weight of 2938.30 and a retention time of 9.54 min.
- Example 8 Synthesis of [Val 1 , Cys 7 (mPEG 50 oo-MAL), Gin 11 , Des-19-22, Ala 30 ] sCT (Compound 19)
- the peptide analog has a molecular weight of 2938.23 and a retention time of 8.95 min.
- the molecular weight of the peptide analogue was 2937.44, and the retention time was 9.47min.
- Example 10 Synthesis of [Val 1 , Ala 7 , Cys 19 (mPEG - MAL), Des-20-22, Ala 30 ] sCT (Compound 21)
- the molecular weight of the peptide analogue was 3008.48, the retention time was 8.77miri.
- Example 11 Synthesis of [Val 1 , Ala 7 Cys 19 (mPEG 5 - MAL), Des-20-21, Ala 30 ] sCT (Compound 22)
- the molecular weight of the peptide analogue was 3171.52, and the retention time was 9.46min.
- Wistar rats Female, 60, weighing (250 ⁇ 280g), 16 weeks old, were randomly divided into 6 groups: ⁇ castration control group (10); castration control group (10); calcitonin group (10, 2 times a week, 0.03 g / kg body weight / time); Compound 12 low dose group (10, 2 times a week, 0.216 g / kg body weight / time); High dose group (10, weekly) Two times, 1.08 ⁇ / kg body weight / time) and high dose group (10 rats, once a week, 1.08 ⁇ ⁇ / kg body weight / time) each group of rats were administered subcutaneously. During the experiment, rats in each group were given free access to standard solid feed and drinking water.
- rats in the other groups were examined for osteocalcin, serum calcium, and alkaline phosphatase at the 6th week of administration (Table 2); In addition to osteocalcin, serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase (Table 3), rats also measured bone mineral density in the lumbar push, tibia and femur (Table 4).
- the compound 12 high-dose group maintained a similar effect to the positive control sCT group in the effects of bone metabolism in rats at 6 and 12 weeks of administration.
- both the compound 12 high-dose group and the positive control sCT improved the lumbar push bone density of the rat, and the PEG-modified high-dose group (administered once a week)
- the effect of the calcium sCT group (twice a week) on the lumbar push bone density was comparable, showing the long-term efficacy of the PEG modification.
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JP2010511476A JP5529014B2 (ja) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-06-04 | 部位特異的なペグ化をされた直鎖状のサケカルシトニン類似体 |
US12/664,326 US9464128B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-06-04 | Site-specific pegylated linear salmon calcitonin analogues |
EP08757405.9A EP2168602A4 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-06-04 | LINEAR, PEGYLATED, SITE-SPECIFIC SALMON CALCITONIN DERIVATIVES |
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CN102911266A (zh) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-06 | 杭州中肽生化有限公司 | 新型鲑鱼降钙素类似物及其制备方法和用途 |
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EP2168602A4 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2014-10-29 | Inst Pharm & Toxicology Amms | LINEAR, PEGYLATED, SITE-SPECIFIC SALMON CALCITONIN DERIVATIVES |
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CN102911266A (zh) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-06 | 杭州中肽生化有限公司 | 新型鲑鱼降钙素类似物及其制备方法和用途 |
CN102911266B (zh) * | 2011-08-04 | 2016-08-24 | 中肽生化有限公司 | 新型鲑鱼降钙素类似物及其制备方法和用途 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9464128B2 (en) | 2016-10-11 |
JP2010533129A (ja) | 2010-10-21 |
EP2168602A1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
EP2168602A4 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
US20100227815A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
JP5529014B2 (ja) | 2014-06-25 |
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