WO2008145642A1 - Système compose d'un dispositif de démarrage et d'un moteur a combustion interne, dispositif de démarrage et moteur a combustion interne - Google Patents

Système compose d'un dispositif de démarrage et d'un moteur a combustion interne, dispositif de démarrage et moteur a combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008145642A1
WO2008145642A1 PCT/EP2008/056441 EP2008056441W WO2008145642A1 WO 2008145642 A1 WO2008145642 A1 WO 2008145642A1 EP 2008056441 W EP2008056441 W EP 2008056441W WO 2008145642 A1 WO2008145642 A1 WO 2008145642A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
helical
sprocket
starting
starter pinion
ring gear
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/056441
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sven Hartmann
Samuel Billot
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2008145642A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008145642A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/067Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system comprising a starting device and an internal combustion engine, a starting device and an internal combustion engine, wherein the starting device has a starter pinion, which is suitable in a
  • Toothed ring of the internal combustion engine to be meshed Both the ring gear of the internal combustion engine and the starting pinion of the starting device is each provided with a helical toothing, which is matched to the respective other gear (sprocket or starter pinion). From the British patent GB 151454, for example, a system of a starting device and a
  • Housing of the starting device which here partially covers both the starter pinion and the ring gear.
  • a starting device is known both from Japanese Patent Application Publication JP 2002-257016 and from JP 2002-130097, in which the axial force acting on the starter pinion is recorded by means of a stop collar.
  • the proposed solution is intended that the axial forces acting between the starter pinion and the ring gear is not supported by the drive shaft, or the ring gear causes no bending moment on the crankshaft.
  • the design of the system according to claim 1 means that only two components are loaded, namely the starter pinion with a thrust surface supporting the axial force of the ring gear and on the other hand, the ring gear.
  • the Axial force of the pinion can be absorbed by a arranged on the sprocket surface. The proposed measures an axial force is thus avoided on the sprocket, whereby this sprocket or the flywheel (to which usually the sprocket is attached) will not be subjected to an additional bending load.
  • the starting surface located on the side of the Andrehritzels is integrally connected to the starter pinion.
  • the starter pinion with the contact surface would be made in one piece. This is the case, for example, if the starter pinion with the contact surface were produced by a common sintering process.
  • Another production method for a pinion with a contact surface would be extruding, for example. In both cases, there would be a one-piece part, which would be produced cost-effectively.
  • the starting pinion with a tubular extension forms a seat for the inner ring of a freewheel of the starter. It is envisaged that the inner ring of
  • Freewheel is integrally formed with the contact surface.
  • the inner ring of the freewheel thus forms with its sleeve-like shape with the contact surface a one-piece, integral part.
  • the inner ring has a running surface for clamping body of the freewheel.
  • the hardness of the contact surface is between HRC 57 and 64.
  • the helical toothing of the starter pinion should have a hardness between HRC 57 and 64.
  • an aspect ratio of the axial length of the helical toothing of the starting pinion and a radial height of the starting collar standing over an engagement region of the helical toothing of the starting pinion is between 6.3 and 2, preferably between 4.2 and 2.5, ideally 3, 1 +/- 0.4 provided. This ratio is so far from
  • the transition surface is inclined to the axis of Andrehritzels at an angle between 25 ° and 10 °, particularly preferred is a value of 15 °.
  • the ring gear or its teeth have a tapered transition surface (chamfer) on its teeth matched to the conical transition surface (bevel).
  • chamfer tapered transition surface
  • bevel conical transition surface
  • the starting collar is also flat radially within the pitch diameter of Andrehritzels, there are no radially aligned forces between sprocket and To create on-and-off pinions. Such forces would further deteriorate the already complex state of stress in the tooth roots of the piecing, so that the proposed design leads to an improved, less complex state of stress and thus the starter pinion with higher material usage at this point is higher loadable.
  • the starting device has a drive shaft which carries no stop for the starting pinion.
  • FIG. 1 shows a starting device in a longitudinal section
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlargement of the drive end shield with the
  • Figure 3a a Ausspurgetriebe with a starter pinion after a second
  • FIG. 3c shows a one-piece starter pinion with a plane transition surface between the teeth and the transition region to the starting collar
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment, wherein the toothed rim is provided with a mounted start-up collar
  • Figure 5 shows another embodiment, wherein the sprocket with a
  • Start-up collar is provided, which is integral with the helical gearing,
  • Figure 6 shows another embodiment, wherein the sprocket and the
  • Figure 7 shows another embodiment, wherein axial forces on the
  • Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a system of internal combustion engine and starting device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a starting device in a longitudinal section.
  • FIG. 1 shows a starting device 10.
  • This starting device 10 has, for example, a starter motor 13 and an engagement relay 16.
  • the starter motor 13 and the engagement relay 16 are attached to a common drive bearing plate 19.
  • the starter motor 13 is functionally to drive a starter pinion 22 when it is meshed in the ring gear 25 of the internal combustion engine, not shown here.
  • the starter motor 13 has a housing as a pole tube 28 which at its
  • Inner circumference carries pole pieces 31, which are each wrapped by a field winding 34.
  • the pole shoes 31 in turn surround an armature 37, which has an armature packet 43 constructed from fins 40 and an armature winding 49 arranged in grooves 46.
  • the armature package 43 is pressed onto a drive shaft 44.
  • a commutator 52 is further attached, the u.a. composed of individual commutator fins 55.
  • the commutator bars 55 are so electrically connected in a known manner with the armature winding 49, that upon energization of the commutator fins 55 by carbon brushes 58, a rotational movement of the armature 37 in the pole tube 28 results.
  • Einspurrelais 16 and the starter motor 13 arranged power supply 61 supplies in the on state, both the carbon brushes 58 and the field winding 34 with power.
  • the drive shaft 44 is commutator side supported with a shaft journal 64 in a sliding bearing 67, which in turn is held stationary in a commutator bearing cover 70.
  • the commutator cover 70 is commutator cover
  • a so-called sun gear 80 connects to the armature 37, which is part of a planetary gear 83.
  • the sun gear 80 is surrounded by a plurality of planet wheels 86, usually three planet wheels 86, which are supported by means of roller bearings 89 on journals 92.
  • the planet gears 86 roll in a ring gear 95, which is mounted outside in the pole tube 28.
  • Output side connects to the planetary gears 86, a planet carrier 98, in which the stub axles 92 are added.
  • the planet carrier 98 is in turn stored in an intermediate storage 101 and a slide bearing 104 arranged therein.
  • the intermediate bearing 101 is designed cup-shaped, that in this both the planet carrier 98, and the planet wheels 86 are added.
  • the ring gear 95 is arranged, which is ultimately closed by a cover 107 relative to the armature 37.
  • the intermediate bearing 101 is supported with its outer circumference on the inside of the pole tube 28.
  • the armature 37 has on the end remote from the commutator 52 end of the drive shaft 44 another
  • Shaft 1 10 on which is also included in a plain bearing 1 13, from.
  • the slide bearing 1 13 in turn is received in a central bore of the planet carrier 98.
  • the planet carrier 98 is integrally connected to the output shaft 1 16.
  • This output shaft 1 16 is supported with its end facing away from the intermediate bearing 101 1 19 in a further bearing 122, which is fixed in the drive bearing plate 19, supported.
  • the output shaft 1 16 is divided into several sections: Thus, the portion which is arranged in the sliding bearing 104 of the intermediate bearing 101, a portion with a so-called spur toothing 125 (internal teeth), which is part of a so-called shaft-hub connection.
  • This shaft-hub connection 128 allows in this
  • This driver 131 is a sleeve-like extension which is integral with a cup-shaped outer ring 132 of the freewheel 137.
  • This freewheel 137 (Richtgesperre) further consists of the inner ring 140 which is disposed radially within the outer ring 132. Between the inner ring 140 and the outer ring 132 are
  • Clamping 138 arranged. These clamp bodies 138, in cooperation with the inner and outer rings, prevent relative rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring in a second direction. In other words, the freewheel 137 allows a relative movement between inner ring 140 and outer ring 132 in one direction only.
  • the inner ring 140 is formed integrally with the starter pinion 22 and the helical teeth 143 (external helical teeth).
  • the push-in relay 16 has a bolt 150, which is an electrical contact and which is connected to the positive pole of an electric starter battery, which is not shown here.
  • This bolt 150 is passed through a relay cover 153.
  • This relay cover 153 terminates a relay housing 156, which is fastened by means of a plurality of fastening elements 159 (screws) on the drive end plate 19.
  • a pull-in winding 162 and a so-called holding winding 165 is further arranged.
  • the pull-in winding 162 and the holding winding 165 each cause an electromagnetic field in the switched-on state, which flows through both the relay housing 156 (made of electromagnetically conductive material), a linearly movable armature 168 and an armature return 171.
  • the armature 168 carries a push rod 174, which is moved in the direction of linear retraction of the armature 168 in the direction of a switching pin 177. With this movement of the push rod 174 to the switching pin 177 this is moved from its rest position in the direction of two contacts 180 and 181, so that attached to the contacts 180 and 181 end of the switching pin 177 contact bridge 184 connects both contacts 180 and 181 electrically. As a result, electrical power is conducted from the bolt 150 across the contact bridge 184 to the power supply 61 and thus to the carbon brushes 58.
  • the starter motor 13 is energized.
  • the engagement relay 16 or the armature 168 also has the task, with a tension member 187 to move the drive bearing plate 19 rotatably arranged lever.
  • This lever 190 usually designed as a fork lever, surrounds with two "tines" not shown here on its outer circumference two discs 193 and 194 to move a trapped between these driver ring 197 for freewheel 137 towards the resistance of the spring 200 and thereby the starter pinion 22 technicallyspuren in the ring gear 25.
  • Figure 2 shows a detail of an enlargement of the drive bearing plate 19 with the starter pinion 22.
  • Figure 2 shows the helical toothing 143, which is arranged on the toothed rim 25 facing the end of a sleeve-like extension 203.
  • This sleeve-like extension 203 represents a kind of tube, which has a total of two sections. A first section is that on whose axial length the
  • Helical gear 143 is attached.
  • the second section is that on which the inner ring 140 is pushed.
  • This inner ring 140 in turn has three contours, which have different functions.
  • there is a clamping surface or clamping web 210 which has a machined, preferably ground surface on which the clamping bodies 138 are clamped.
  • a shoulder 213 can be seen, which separates the clamping track 210 from a starting collar 216.
  • the inner ring 140 is thereby pushed or shrunk onto the sleeve-like extension 203, so that a frictional connection between the sleeve-like extension 203 and the inner ring 140 is made. Under normal load conditions, this inner ring 140 of the sleeve-like extension 203 is not wegschiebbar. However, the inner ring 140 can also be fastened, for example, by material engagement (welding, soldering) or by means of a shaft-hub connection.
  • the starting collar 216 has the following function: If by means of the contact relay 16, the starter pinion 22 is pushed in the direction of the ring gear 25 and the helical toothing 22 adapted or coordinated helical toothing of the ring gear 25 is inserted in the
  • Sprocket 25 comes with its face 220 on the start collar 216 and its contact surface 223 to the plant. This contact surface 223 or the start-up collar 216 then prevents further axial movement of the starting pinion 22 in the ring gear 25.
  • the starting device 10 is a starter pinion 22nd which is adapted to be meshed in a ring gear 25 of the internal combustion engine.
  • Both the ring gear 25 and the starting pinion 22 are each provided with a coordinated helical teeth 143 and 240, respectively.
  • On Andrehritzel 22 while a means (start-up collar 216, contact surface 223) is present, which at a starting process due to the
  • Helical teeth 143, 240 receives between the ring gear 25 and the starting pinion 22 acting axial forces.
  • the starter pinion 22 and the contact surface 223 and the start-up collar 216 are mounted together, that is joined together.
  • the inner ring 140 is integrally connected to the contact surface 223 and the start-up collar 216, wherein the inner ring 140 is a running surface or clamping surface or clamping track 210 for clamping body 138 of the freewheel 137 executed.
  • the starter pinion 22 is resiliently supported by means of a plate spring or plate spring-like spring 139 relative to the outer ring 134.
  • the starting device 10 has a drive shaft 1 16, which has no stop for the starter pinion 22.
  • FIG. 3a shows a second exemplary embodiment of the starting pinion 22 with the starting collar 216 or the contact surface 223.
  • the starting pinion 22 is embodied in one piece such that it represents a one-piece combination of the starter pinion 22, starting collar 216 or contact surface 223 and clamping track 210.
  • For the contact surface 223 is - whether in one-piece or two-piece or multi-part design with the starter pinion 22 - a hardness value of at least HRC 57 to
  • a hardness of HRC 57 to 64 is provided.
  • the two mentioned hardness specifications refer both to the versions in one-piece design as well as to the versions in multi-part design.
  • the hardness values also apply to the various designs of the ring gear 25, if hardening is required.
  • FIG. 3b shows the starter pinion 22 according to FIG. 3a with a transitional surface 224 (bevel) which tapers between the teeth and the transition region to the starting collar 216.
  • This transition surface also improves the bending load of Andrehritzels.
  • the transition surface is inclined to the axis 225 of Andrehritzels at an angle ⁇ between 25 ° and 10 °, particularly preferred is a value of 15 °.
  • the ring gear or its teeth have a tapered transition surface (chamfer) on its teeth matched to the conical transition surface (bevel). That is, that directed to the starter pinion 22
  • the starting collar is also radially within the pitch circle diameter 280 of the Andrehritzels flat so as to produce there no radially aligned forces between sprocket and starter pinion.
  • this configuration can also be applied in the opposite direction to the ring gear 25. This refers to the space between the teeth of the helical teeth of the ring gear 25 in the event that this
  • Start collar 243 has. Ie. The start-up collar is then so conical or just run.
  • a drive pinion 22 of the starting device 10 and a ring gear 25 of the internal combustion engine is shown in fragmentary form.
  • the ring gear 25 has, as also the starter pinion 22, the already mentioned helical gears 240.
  • the starting pinion here has no contact surface 223 or no start-up collar 216. Rather, in this case, the ring gear 25 takes over the support of the axial force with a start-up collar 243, which has a stop surface 246 in the axial
  • the starting collar 243 can be attached to the sprocket 25 in a wide variety of ways.
  • bolts 244 for example, the fastening by means of bolts 244 (rivets,
  • Figure 4 shows a detail of a system of starting device 10 and internal combustion engine, wherein the starting device 10 has a starting pinion 22 which is adapted to be meshed in a ring gear 25 of the internal combustion engine, wherein the ring gear 25 and the starting pinion 22 each with a coordinated Helical teeth 143, 240 are provided.
  • means start-up surface 246, start-up collar 243 acting on a starting operation due to the helical gearing 143, 240 between the sprocket 25 and the starter pinion 22 on the sprocket 25
  • the ring gear 25 in addition to the helical teeth 240 a contact surface 246, which allows a system of at least one tooth of the Andrehritzels 22 and thereby between the ring gear 25 and the starter pinion 22 acting axial forces can be lifted.
  • Figure 5 shows a modification of the embodiment 4, a helical toothing 240, which is integrally formed with a start-up collar 243 and its contact surface 246. This one-piece part is the same as in FIG. 4 by means of
  • Screws, rivets or other manufacturing processes such as welding etc. connectable are screws, rivets or other manufacturing processes such as welding etc. connectable.
  • Figure 6 shows a combination of a ring gear 25 and a starter pinion 22, in which case both gears each have a start collar 216 and 243 have.
  • the axial length of the ring gear 25 and the axial length of the Andrehritzels 22 are coordinated so that at least after the entry (slight wear) of both gears both start-up collar 216 and 243 respectively come to rest on the tooth of the other gear. In this case, then the bending load of the Auflaufkragens 216 both on the
  • Andrehritzel 22 and distributed to the start collar 243 of the ring gear 25.
  • FIG. 6 thus shows a system of starting device 10 and internal combustion engine, wherein the starting device 10 has a starter pinion 22 which is adapted to a ring gear 25 of the
  • both the ring gear 25 and the starting pinion 22 are each provided with a coordinated helical teeth 143, 240. It is in this case that both the starter pinion 22 and the ring gear 25 means (start-up collar 216 and 243), which in a starting operation due to the helical teeth 143,
  • Helical gears 143 and 240 acting axial forces are supported by means of an external bearing 249. This bearing 249 is then attached, for example, to an engine block of the internal combustion engine 252.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a system of internal combustion engine
  • the system according to the invention or the starting device or internal combustion engine 252 according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the axial force generated by the helical gearing, which acts on the
  • the helix angle of the toothing is tuned to the sense of rotation of the starter 10 when turning the engine 252 so that the
  • the starter motor is only started when the start request is signaled by actuating an actuator (eg accelerator pedal).
  • an actuator eg accelerator pedal

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système composé d'un dispositif de démarrage (10) et d'un moteur à combustion interne (252), lequel dispositif de démarrage (10) présente un pignon de démarrage (22), conçu pour s'engrener dans une couronne dentée (25) du moteur à combustion interne (252). La couronne dentée (25) et le pignon de démarrage (22) sont dotés tous les deux de dentures hélicoïdales, dont chacune est appariée à l'autre. Sur le pignon de démarrage (22) et / ou la couronne dentée (25) se trouvent des moyens qui absorbent les forces axiales s'exerçant entre la couronne dentée (25) et le pignon de démarrage (22), en raison de cette denture hélicoïdale, lors d'une manœuvre de démarrage.
PCT/EP2008/056441 2007-05-27 2008-05-27 Système compose d'un dispositif de démarrage et d'un moteur a combustion interne, dispositif de démarrage et moteur a combustion interne WO2008145642A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007026078.6A DE102007026078B4 (de) 2007-05-27 2007-05-27 System aus Startvorrichtung und Brennkraftmaschine, Startvorrichtung sowie Brennkraftmaschine
DE102007026078.6 2007-05-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008145642A1 true WO2008145642A1 (fr) 2008-12-04

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DE (1) DE102007026078B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008145642A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103511158A (zh) * 2012-06-25 2014-01-15 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于内燃机的起动装置

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009002750A1 (de) 2009-04-30 2010-11-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verwendung einer Startvorrichtung
DE102009046191A1 (de) 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Starter und Freilaufeinrichtung für einen Starter mit optimierten Laufoberflächeneigenschaften
DE102009046988A1 (de) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Geräuschoptimierte Startvorrichtung
DE102011079872A1 (de) * 2010-08-19 2012-02-23 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Schwungradanordnung mit Anlasserzahnkranz
DE102010041727A1 (de) 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Starter für eine Brennkraftmaschine
JP5957071B2 (ja) * 2012-03-30 2016-07-27 株式会社ミツバ スタータ
DE102012207798A1 (de) 2012-05-10 2013-11-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE102012210683B4 (de) 2012-06-25 2021-03-18 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
DE102012219044A1 (de) 2012-10-18 2014-04-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Startvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine

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GB151454A (en) * 1919-09-02 1920-09-30 Joseph Bethenod Improvements in and relating to starting mechanisms for internal combustion engines
US1594825A (en) * 1924-07-28 1926-08-03 Gen Motors Corp Engine-starting apparatus
JP2002130097A (ja) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-09 Honda Motor Co Ltd 飛び込み式エンジン始動装置
JP2002257016A (ja) * 2001-02-23 2002-09-11 Honda Motor Co Ltd 車両用のエンジン始動装置
DE10290004T5 (de) * 2001-01-31 2004-04-15 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Kraftfahrzeuganlasser mit einem Einspurritzel mit Schraubenverzahnung
FR2864583A1 (fr) * 2003-12-26 2005-07-01 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Demarreur coaxial perfectionne de vehicule automobile

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DE3047334A1 (de) * 1980-12-16 1982-07-08 Zahnräderfabrik Renk AG, 8900 Augsburg Druckkammgetriebe
DE10329870B3 (de) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-27 Getrag Getriebe- Und Zahnradfabrik Hermann Hagenmeyer Gmbh & Cie Kg Zahnrad und Zahnradsatz

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB151454A (en) * 1919-09-02 1920-09-30 Joseph Bethenod Improvements in and relating to starting mechanisms for internal combustion engines
US1594825A (en) * 1924-07-28 1926-08-03 Gen Motors Corp Engine-starting apparatus
JP2002130097A (ja) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-09 Honda Motor Co Ltd 飛び込み式エンジン始動装置
DE10290004T5 (de) * 2001-01-31 2004-04-15 Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur Kraftfahrzeuganlasser mit einem Einspurritzel mit Schraubenverzahnung
JP2002257016A (ja) * 2001-02-23 2002-09-11 Honda Motor Co Ltd 車両用のエンジン始動装置
FR2864583A1 (fr) * 2003-12-26 2005-07-01 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Demarreur coaxial perfectionne de vehicule automobile

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103511158A (zh) * 2012-06-25 2014-01-15 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于内燃机的起动装置

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