WO2008143062A1 - Ｓ吸蔵触媒及び排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents

Ｓ吸蔵触媒及び排ガス浄化装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008143062A1
WO2008143062A1 PCT/JP2008/058776 JP2008058776W WO2008143062A1 WO 2008143062 A1 WO2008143062 A1 WO 2008143062A1 JP 2008058776 W JP2008058776 W JP 2008058776W WO 2008143062 A1 WO2008143062 A1 WO 2008143062A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
catalyst
storage
dense area
storage catalyst
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2008/058776
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yoshitsugu Ogura
Takayuki Endo
Original Assignee
Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha filed Critical Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
Priority to US12/599,815 priority Critical patent/US8323579B2/en
Priority to CN200880016544XA priority patent/CN101678331B/zh
Priority to EP08752656A priority patent/EP2149398A4/en
Publication of WO2008143062A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008143062A1/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
    • B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
    • B01J37/0242—Coating followed by impregnation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1021—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/202—Alkali metals
    • B01D2255/2022—Potassium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
    • B01D2255/2042—Barium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207—Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20715—Zirconium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/209—Other metals
    • B01D2255/2092—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/902—Multilayered catalyst
    • B01D2255/9022—Two layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
    • B01D53/949—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start for storing sulfur oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/067—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction usable with sulfurised fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
    • F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/04—Sulfur or sulfur oxides

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

　Ｓ吸蔵触媒２は、触媒担体と、この触媒担体に担持され、ＳＯ２をＳＯ３に酸化する触媒金属と、触媒担体に担持され、Ｓ成分を吸蔵するＳ吸蔵材とを備えている。このＳ吸蔵触媒２は、触媒担体にＳ吸蔵材が高濃度に担持された排ガス入口側の高濃度部２Ａと、触媒担体にＳ吸蔵材が該高濃度部よりも低濃度に担持された排ガス出口側の低濃度部２Ａとを有している。このＳ吸蔵触媒２によれば、材料費の高騰を抑えつつ、排ガス温度が低い場合でもＳ吸蔵性能を良好に維持することができる。
PCT/JP2008/058776 2007-05-18 2008-05-13 Ｓ吸蔵触媒及び排ガス浄化装置 WO2008143062A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/599,815 US8323579B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2008-05-13 S storage catalyst and exhaust-gas converting apparatus
CN200880016544XA CN101678331B (zh) 2007-05-18 2008-05-13 S吸留催化剂及排气净化装置
EP08752656A EP2149398A4 (en) 2007-05-18 2008-05-13 STORAGE CATALYST AND EXHAUST PURIFICATION APPARATUS

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007-133156 2007-05-18
JP2007133156A JP4978781B2 (ja) 2007-05-18 2007-05-18 Ｓ吸蔵触媒及び排ガス浄化装置

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008143062A1 true WO2008143062A1 (ja) 2008-11-27

Family

ID=40031771

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2008/058776 WO2008143062A1 (ja) 2007-05-18 2008-05-13 Ｓ吸蔵触媒及び排ガス浄化装置

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8323579B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP2149398A4 (ja)
JP (1) JP4978781B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR101044513B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN101678331B (ja)
WO (1) WO2008143062A1 (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120110987A1 (en) * 2009-07-23 2012-05-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
CN102548645B (zh) * 2009-10-06 2014-10-29 丰田自动车株式会社 内燃机的排气净化装置

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010104910A (ja) * 2008-10-30 2010-05-13 Toyota Motor Corp Ｓ吸蔵触媒
KR101811737B1 (ko) 2015-06-24 2018-01-25 경북대학교 산학협력단 대용량 메타지놈 분석을 통한 유용 유전자원 탐색 방법 및 이의 이용
CN110841473B (zh) * 2019-11-08 2023-09-05 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 一种燃煤烟气分级脱硝控制so2/so3转化率的系统与方法

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WO1997023278A1 (en) 1995-12-21 1997-07-03 Engelhard Corporation Engine exhaust treatment apparatus and method of use
JPH10202105A (ja) * 1997-01-22 1998-08-04 Toyota Motor Corp ディーゼル排ガス用酸化触媒
JP2003013728A (ja) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-15 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 排ガス浄化装置
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JP2006144624A (ja) 2004-11-18 2006-06-08 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
WO2007052817A1 (ja) 2005-11-07 2007-05-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha 排ガス浄化装置

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JPH09881A (ja) 1995-06-14 1997-01-07 Hitachi Ltd 排ガス浄化装置
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JP4352586B2 (ja) 2000-06-08 2009-10-28 株式会社日立製作所 排ガス浄化触媒を有する内燃機関
JP4393039B2 (ja) * 2001-07-18 2010-01-06 イビデン株式会社 触媒つきフィルタ、その製造方法及び排気ガス浄化システム
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JP4506487B2 (ja) 2005-01-31 2010-07-21 トヨタ自動車株式会社 排ガス浄化用触媒及びそれを用いた排ガス浄化制御装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997023278A1 (en) 1995-12-21 1997-07-03 Engelhard Corporation Engine exhaust treatment apparatus and method of use
JPH10202105A (ja) * 1997-01-22 1998-08-04 Toyota Motor Corp ディーゼル排ガス用酸化触媒
JP2003013728A (ja) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-15 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 排ガス浄化装置
JP2004218475A (ja) * 2003-01-10 2004-08-05 Isuzu Motors Ltd 内燃機関の排気ガス浄化システム及び内燃機関の排気ガス浄化方法
JP2006144624A (ja) 2004-11-18 2006-06-08 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
WO2007052817A1 (ja) 2005-11-07 2007-05-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha 排ガス浄化装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP2149398A4

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120110987A1 (en) * 2009-07-23 2012-05-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
CN102472140A (zh) * 2009-07-23 2012-05-23 丰田自动车株式会社 内燃机的排气净化装置
US8701393B2 (en) * 2009-07-23 2014-04-22 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
CN102548645B (zh) * 2009-10-06 2014-10-29 丰田自动车株式会社 内燃机的排气净化装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101678331A (zh) 2010-03-24
EP2149398A4 (en) 2011-10-26
KR20090130204A (ko) 2009-12-18
CN101678331B (zh) 2012-06-20
JP4978781B2 (ja) 2012-07-18
EP2149398A1 (en) 2010-02-03
US20100205947A1 (en) 2010-08-19
KR101044513B1 (ko) 2011-06-27
JP2008284487A (ja) 2008-11-27
US8323579B2 (en) 2012-12-04

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