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  • C07D498/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease afflicting over 100 million people worldwide. In the United States, there are more than 12 million diabetics, with
• Diabetes mellitus is a diagnostic term for a group of disorders characterized by abnormal glucose homeostasis resulting in elevated blood sugar.
• Type 1 also referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or IDDM
• Type 2 also referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM
• IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
• NIDDM non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
• Diabetes is a syndrome with interrelated metabolic, vascular, and neuropathic components.
• the metabolic syndrome generally characterized by hyperglycemia, comprises alterations in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by absent or markedly reduced insulin secretion and/or ineffective insulin action.
• the vascular syndrome consists of abnormalities in the blood vessels leading to cardiovascular, retinal and renal complications. Abnormalities in the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems are also part of the diabetic syndrome.
• Diabetes has also been implicated in the development of kidney disease, eye diseases and nervous-system problems. Kidney disease, also called nephropathy, occurs when the kidney's "filter mechanism" is damaged and protein leaks into urine in excessive amounts and eventually the kidney fails.
• Diabetes is also a leading cause of damage to the retina at the back of the eye and increases risk of cataracts and glaucoma.
• diabetes is associated with nerve damage, especially in the legs and feet, which interferes with the ability to sense pain and contributes to serious infections.
• diabetes complications are one of the nation's leading causes of death.
• Many people with NIDDM have sedentary lifestyles and are obese; they weigh approximately 20% more than the recommended weight for their height and build. Furthermore, obesity is characterized by hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, a feature shared with NIDDM, hypertension and atherosclerosis.
• Obesity which is the result of an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, is highly correlated with insulin resistance and diabetes in experimental animals and human.
• Type 2 diabetes results from the progressive loss of pancreatic ⁇ -cell function in the presence of insulin resistance, leading to an overall reduction in insulin output (Prentki, M. et al., "Islet failure in type 2 diabetes", J. CHn. Invest, 116: 1802-1812 (2006)).
• ⁇ -cells are the cell type that store and release insulin in response to an elevation in plasma glucose or in response to hormonal signals from the gut following the ingestion of food.
• Evidence suggests that in type 2 diabetics the rate of ⁇ -cell cell death (apoptosis) exceeds that of new ⁇ -cell development, yielding an overall loss in ⁇ -cell number (Butler, A.E.
• ⁇ -cell deficit and increased ⁇ - cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes may arise from persistent elevations in plasma glucose levels (glucotoxicity) and/or plasma lipid levels (lipotoxicity).
• G-protein coupled receptors expressed on ⁇ -cells are known to modulate the release of insulin in response to changes in plasma glucose levels (Ahren, B., "Autonomic regulation of islet hormone secretion - Implications for health and disease", Diabetologia, 43:393-410 (2003)). Those GPCRs specifically coupled to the elevation of cAMP via the G 5 alpha subunit of G-protein, have been shown to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin release from ⁇ -cells. Cyclic AMP- stimulating GPCRs on ⁇ -cells include the GLP-I, GIP, ⁇ 2-adrenergic receptors and GPRl 19.
• GPRl 19 (e.g., human GPRl 19, GenBank.RTM. Accession No. AAP72125 and alleles thereof; e.g., mouse GPRl 19, GenBanLRTM. Accession No. AY288423 and alleles thereof) is a GPCR located at chromosome position Xp26.1 (Fredricksson, R. et al, "Seven evolutionarily conserved human rhodopsin G protein- coupled receptors lacking close relatives", FEBS Lett., 554:381-388 (2003)). The receptor is coupled to Gs, and when stimulated, produces an elevation in cAMP in a variety of cell types including ⁇ -cell-derived insulinomas (Soga, T.
• GPRl 19 activators have also been demonstrated to produce reductions in acute food intake and to reduce body weight in rats following chronic administration (Overton, H. A. et al., "Deorphanization of a G protein-coupled receptor for oleoylethanolamide and its use in the discovery of small-molecule hypophagic agents", Cell Metabolism, 3: 167-175 (2006), WO 05/007647, WO 05/007658).
• n ls n 2 , n 3 , ru, A, B, D, E, G, Y, Z, Ri and R 2 are defined below.
• Compounds of the present invention modulate the activity of G protein- coupled receptors.
• compounds of the present invention modulate the activity of the GPRl 19 G protein-coupled receptor ("GPRl 19"). Consequently, the compounds of the present invention may be used in the treatment of multiple diseases or disorders associated with GPRl 19, such as diabetes and related conditions, microvascular complications associated with diabetes, the macrovascular complications associated with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Metabolic Syndrome and its component conditions, obesity and other maladies.
• diseases or disorders associated with the modulation of the GPRl 19 G protein-coupled receptor that can be prevented, modulated, or treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, diabetes, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, delayed wound healing, atherosclerosis and its sequelae, abnormal heart function, myocardial ischemia, stroke, Metabolic Syndrome, hypertension, obesity, dislipidemia, dylsipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL, high LDL, non-cardiac ischemia, infection, cancer, vascular restenosis, pancreatitis, neurodegenerative disease, lipid disorders, cognitive impairment and dementia, bone disease, HIV protease associated lipodystrophy and glaucoma.
• tested compounds of the instant invention show GPRl 19 functional activity with an EC50 of ⁇ 10 ⁇ M.
• the present invention provides compounds of Formula I, pharmaceutical compositions employing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds.
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a method for preventing, modulating, or treating the progression or onset of diseases or disorders associated with the activity of the GPRl 19 G protein-coupled receptor, such as defined above and hereinafter, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I is administered to a mammalian, i.e., human, patient in need of treatment.
• the compounds of the invention can be used alone, in combination with other compounds of the present invention, or in combination with one or more other agent(s).
• the present invention provides a method for preventing, modulating, or treating the diseases as defined above and hereinafter, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of a combination of a compound of Formula I and another compound of Formula I and/or at least one other type of therapeutic agent, is administered to a mammalian, i.e., human, patient in need of treatment.
• Formula I as well as enantiomers, stereoisomers (such as diastereomers), solvates, and salts (particularly pharmaceutically acceptable salts) thereof wherein: A, B and D are each independently selected to be CIL H , or N;
• E is CH 2 , O or NH, provided that when E is CH 2 at least one of A, B or D is N;
• G is CH or N
• Ri is aryl or heteroaryl, each of which may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents selected from R 4 (more particularly 1-5 Of R 4 );
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl (particularly wherein the heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl each contain 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S);
• R 4 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl,
• alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl may each be optionally substituted with one or more Re's (particularly 1-5 Re's);
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl, each of which may optionally be substituted with one or more Re's (particularly 1-5 Re's);
• R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl heterocyclylalkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -NO 2 , -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 10 , -OCF 3 , -ORi 0 , -OH, -SH, -SRi 0 , -S(O) 3 H, -P(O) 3 H 2 , -C(O)NR 9 R 9 , -NR 9 R 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 R 9 , -NR 9 S(O) 2 CF 3 , -C(O)NR 9 S(O) 2 R 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 C(O)OR 9
• R 8 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl
• R9 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl, wherein the aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclylalkyl may each be optionally substituted with 0-5 R 9a , and the heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl each contain 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
• Rio at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl, wherein the aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl may each be optionally substituted with 0-5 R 1 Oa, and the heterocyclyl and heterocyclylalkyl each contain 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
• Ri 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl.
• compounds of Formula I are provided wherein A and D are each independently CR 4 b or N, and B is CH.
• compounds of Formula I are provided wherein A and D are each independently CIL H , or N, B is CH, and E is O or NH.
• compounds of Formula I are provided wherein A, B and D are each CR H ,.
• compounds of Formula I are provided wherein A, B and D are each CR H , , and E is O or NH.
• compounds of Formula I are provided wherein A and D are each N, and B is CR 4 ⁇
• compounds of Formula I are provided wherein A and D are each N, B is CIUb, and E is O or NH.
• Y is -NR 3 , O or S
• 11 4 is 0-3;
• Ri is aryl or heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from R 4 ;
• R 3 is hydrogen, alkyl, or cycloalkyl;
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl, each of which may optionally be substituted with one or more Re's;
• R 8 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl
• R 9 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl may optionally be substituted with 0-5 R 9a , and the heteroaryl and heterocyclyl each contain 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S
• R 9a at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of
• R 14 at each occurrence, is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or C6-10 aryl.
• Y is -NR 3 , O or S
• Ri is aryl or heteroaryl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from R 4 ;
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -C(O)R 5 and -C(O)OR 5 , wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl may each be optionally substituted with one or more Re's;
• R 3 is hydrogen or alkyl
• R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halo, -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)ORi 0 , -OCF 3 , -ORi 0 , -OH, -SRi 0 , -S(O) 3 H, -P(O) 3 H 2 , -C(O)NR 9 R 9 , -NR 9 R 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 R 9 , -NR 9 S(O) 2 CF 3 , -C(O)NR 9 S(O) 2 R 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 C(O)OR 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 C(O)NR 9 R 9 , -C(O)NR 9 S(O) 2 CF 3 , -C(O
• R 9 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl may each be optionally substituted with 0-5 R 9a , and the heteroaryl and heterocyclyl each contain 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
• R 9a is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)0R M , -OCF 3 , -OR 14 and OH;
• Ri 0 is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl, wherein the aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclyl may each be optionally substituted with 0-5 R 1 Oa, and the heteroaryl and heterocyclyl each contains 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
• R 1 Oa at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)ORi 4 , -OCF 3 , -OR 14 and OH; and R 14 , at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl and C6-10 aryl.
• Ri is C6-10 aryl or heteroaryl, each of which may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents selected from R 4 ;
• R 3 is hydrogen or C 1-4 alkyl
• Rib at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, halo, CN, -OH, -ORi 0 and -SRi 0 , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl may each be optionally substituted with one or more Re's;
• R5 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and heteroaryl each of which may optionally be substituted with one or more Re's;
• Re at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halo, -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 10 , -OCF 3
• R 8 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and heteroaryl
• R 9 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C6-10 aryl and or heteroaryl, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl may each be optionally substituted with 0-5 R 9a , and the heteroaryl contains 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
• R 9a is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 14 , -OCF 3 , -ORi 4 and -OH;
• Ri 0 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C6-10 aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl may each be optionally substituted with 0-5 R 1Oa , and the heteroaryl contains 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
• R 1 Oa at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 14 , -OCF 3 , -OR 14 and -OH; and
• R 14 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl and C6-10 aryl
• Y is -NR 3 , O or S
• R 3 is hydrogen;
• R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, halo, -CN, -NO 2 , -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 10 , -OCF 3 , -ORi 0 , -OH, -SH, -SRi 0 , -S(O) 3 H, -P(O) 3 H 2 , -C(K))NR 9 R 9 , -NR 9 R 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 R 9 , -NR 9 S(O) 2 CF 3 , -C(O)NR 9 S(O) 2 R 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 C(O)OR 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 C(O)OR 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 C(O)OR 9
• R5 is selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl and C3-6 cycloalkyl, each of which may optionally be substituted with one or more Re's; Re, at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of
• R 8 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl and C6-10 aryl;
• R 9 at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C6-10 aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl may each be optionally substituted with 0-5 R 9a , and the heteroaryl contains 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
• R 9a at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 14 , -OCF 3 , -ORi 4 and -OH;
• Rio at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C6-10 aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl may each be optionally substituted with 0-5 Rioa, and the heteroaryl contains 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S;
• Rioa at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 14 , -OCF 3 , -ORi 4 and -OH; and Ri 4 , at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl and C6-10 aryl.
• R 2 is heteroaryl, -C(O)R 5 or -C(O)OR 5 , wherein the heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one or more (for example, 1-5) of Re's;
• R 3 is hydrogen; R 4 , at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of
• R5 is C 1-6 alkyl, C6-10 aryl or C3-6 cycloalkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more Re's;
• R 8 at each occurrence, is independently C 1-6 alkyl or C6-10 aryl;
• R 9 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and C6-10 aryl, wherein the aryl may be optionally substituted with 0-5 R 9a ;
• R 9a is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 14 , -OCF 3 , -ORi 4 and -OH;
• Ri 0 is independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or C6-10 aryl, wherein the aryl may optionally be substituted with 0-5 Ri Oa ;
• R 1 Oa is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 14 , -OCF 3 , -OR 14 and -OH; and
• R 14 at each occurrence, is independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or C6-10 aryl.
• a and D are each independently CH or N;
• B is CH
• Y is -NR 3 or O
• Ri is phenyl or heteroaryl, each of which may optionally be substituted with one or more substituents (for example, 1-5) selected from R 4 ;
• R 3 is hydrogen
• Rib at each occurrence, is independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl
• R 5 is C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or phenyl, each of which may optionally be substituted with one or more (for example, 1-5) Re's;
• R 9 is independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or phenyl, wherein the phenyl may be optionally substituted with 0-5 R 9a ;
• R 9a is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 14 , -OCF 3 , -ORi 4 and -OH;
• Ri 0 at each occurrence, is independently hydrogen, Cl-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or phenyl, wherein the phenyl may be optionally substituted with 0-5 Ri Oa ;
• RiOa at each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 14 , -OCF 3 , -OR 14 and -OH; and
• R 14 at each occurrence, is independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl or phenyl.
• a and D are each independently CH or N;
• G is N
• Y is -NR 3 or O
• Ri is phenyl, pyridyl or pyrimidinyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents (for example, 1-5) selected from R 4 ;
• R 2 is pyrimidinyl, pyridyl, oxadiazolyl, benzoxazole or -C(O)ORs, wherein the heteroaryl may be optionally substituted with one or more (for example, 1-5) Re's;
• R 3 is hydrogen
• R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)ORi 0 , -OCF 3 , -ORi 0 , -OH, -SRi 0 , -C(O)NR 9 R 9 , -NR 9 R 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 R 9 , -C(O)NR 9 S(O) 2 R 9 , -S(O) 2 NR 9 C(O)OR 9 , -C(O)R 10 , -NR 9 C(O)H, -NR 9 C(O)Ri 0 , -OC(O)NR 9 R 9 , -S(O)Ri 0 , -S(O) 2 Ri 0 , -
• Rib at each occurrence, is hydrogen;
• R 5 is C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or phenyl, each of which may be optionally substituted with one or more (for example, 1-5) Re's;
• R 8 at each occurrence, is independently C 1-6 alkyl or phenyl
• R 9 is independently hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or phenyl, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with 0-5 R 9a ;
• R 9a is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 14 , -OCF 3 , -ORi 4 and -OH;
• Ri 0 is independently C 1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or phenyl, wherein the phenyl may optionally be substituted with 0-5 Ri Oa ;
• R 1 Oa is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl, halo, -NH 2 , -CN, -C(O)OH, -C(O)OR 14 , -OCF 3 , -OR 14 and -OH; and
• R 14 at each occurrence, is independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl.
• C6-10 aryl has a more particular value of phenyl.
• Heteroaryl has a more particular value (especially for R 4 and Re) of a single ring with 6 atoms of which 1-4 and, even more particularly 1-3, atoms are each independently selected from O, S and N and the remainder are selected to be carbons. Even more particular values for heteroaryl are oxazole, triazole, imidazole and pyrazole.
• Re's has a more particular value of 1-5 of Re's which are independently selected from the listed definition for R ⁇ for that embodiment.
• Heterocyclyl has a more particular value of 1-4 atoms selected from N, O and S, with the remaining atoms being carbon; and an even more particular value as a 4- to 6-membered ring with 1-2 members selected from O, S and N and the remaining atoms being carbon.
• R 4 has a more particular value Of I-S Of R 4 .
• compounds of the present invention are selected from the compounds exemplified in the examples.
• the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprised of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention (more particularly, a compound according to any of the embodiments described herein), alone or, optionally, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or one or more other agent(s), for example, a glucagon-like peptide- 1 receptor agonist or fragment thereof.
• the present invention relates to methods of modulating the activity of the GPRl 19 G protein-coupled receptor comprising administering to a mammalian patient, for example, a human patient, in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, alone, or optionally, in combination with another compound of the present invention and/or at least one other type of therapeutic agent.
• the present invention relates to a method for preventing, modulating, or treating the progression or onset of diseases or disorders associated with the activity of the GPRl 19 G protein-coupled receptor comprising administering to a mammalian patient, for example, a human patient, in need of prevention, modulation, or treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, alone, or, optionally, in combination with another compound of the present invention and/or at least one other type of therapeutic agent.
• Examples of diseases or disorders associated with the activity of the GPRl 19 G protein-coupled receptor that can be prevented, modulated, or treated according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, diabetes, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, delayed wound healing, atherosclerosis and its sequelae, abnormal heart function, myocardial ischemia, stroke, Metabolic Syndrome, hypertension, obesity, dislipidemia, dylsipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL, high LDL, non-cardiac ischemia, infection, cancer, vascular restenosis, pancreatitis, neurodegenerative disease, lipid disorders, cognitive impairment and dementia, bone disease, HIV protease associated lipodystrophy and glaucoma.
• the present invention relates to a method for preventing, modulating, or treating the progression or onset of diabetes, hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and cognitive impairment comprising administering to a mammalian patient, for example, a human patient, in need of prevention, modulation, or treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, alone, or, optionally, in combination with another compound of the present invention and/or at least one other type of therapeutic agent.
• the present invention relates to a method for preventing, modulating, or treating the progression or onset of diabetes, comprising administering to a mammalian patient, for example, a human patient, in need of prevention, modulation, or treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, alone, or, optionally, in combination with another compound of the present invention and/or at least one other type of therapeutic agent.
• the present invention relates to a method for preventing, modulating, or treating the progression or onset of hyperglycemia comprising administering to a mammalian patient, for example, a human patient, in need of prevention, modulation, or treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, alone, or, optionally, in combination with another compound of the present invention and/or at least one other type of therapeutic agent.
• the present invention relates to a method for preventing, modulating, or treating the progression or onset of obesity comprising administering to a mammalian patient, for example, a human patient, in need of prevention, modulation, or treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, alone, or, optionally, in combination with another compound of the present invention and/or at least one other type of therapeutic agent.
• the present invention relates to a method for preventing, modulating, or treating the progression or onset of dyslipidemia comprising administering to a mammalian patient, for example, a human patient, in need of prevention, modulation, or treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, alone, or, optionally, in combination with another compound of the present invention and/or at least one other type of therapeutic agent.
• the present invention relates to a method for preventing, modulating, or treating the progression or onset of hypertension comprising administering to a mammalian patient, for example, a human patient, in need of prevention, modulation, or treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, alone, or, optionally, in combination with another compound of the present invention and/or at least one other type of therapeutic agent.
• a mammalian patient for example, a human patient
• a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention alone, or, optionally, in combination with another compound of the present invention and/or at least one other type of therapeutic agent.
• the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. This invention also encompasses all combinations of alternative aspects of the invention noted herein. It is understood that any and all embodiments of the present invention may be taken in conjunction with any other embodiment to describe additional embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, any elements of an embodiment may be combined with any and all other elements from any of the
• the compounds herein described may have asymmetric centers.
• substituted means that any one or more hydrogens on the designated atom or ring is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's or ring atom's normal valency is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound.
• 2 hydrogens on the atom are replaced.
• any variable e.g., R 4
• its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
• alkyl is intended to include both branched and straight- chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 20 carbons, preferably 1 to 10 carbons, more preferably 1 to 8 carbons and even more preferably 1-6 carbons, in the normal chain.
• “Lower alkyl” is intended to include alkyls having 1-5 carbons, particularly 1-3 carbons.
• Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t- butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,2,4- trimethyl-pentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, the various branched chain isomers thereof, and the like.
• Alkyl groups may optionally include 1 to 4 substituents such as halo, for example F, Br, Cl, or I, or CF 3 , alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, aryl(aryl) or diaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyloxy, amino, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, acyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkoxy, aryloxyalkyl, alkylthio, arylalkylthio, aryloxyaryl, alkylamido, alkanoylamino, arylcarbonylamino, nitro, cyano, thiol, haloalkyl, trihaloalkyl, and/or alkylthio.
• substituents such as halo, for example F,
• alkenyl refers to straight or branched chain radicals of 2 to 20 carbons, preferably 2 to 12 carbons, and more preferably 2 to 8 carbons in the normal chain, which include one to six double bonds in the normal chain, such as vinyl, 2- propenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 2- heptenyl, 3-heptenyl, 4-heptenyl, 3-octenyl, 3-nonenyl, 4-decenyl, 3-undecenyl, 4- dodecenyl, 4,8,12-tetradecatrienyl, and the like, and which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents, namely, halogen, haloalkyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, ary
• alkynyl refers to straight or branched chain radicals of 2 to 20 carbons, preferably 2 to 12 carbons and more preferably 2 to 8 carbons in the normal chain, which include one triple bond in the normal chain, such as 2-propynyl, 3- butynyl, 2-butynyl, 4-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 2-heptynyl, 3- heptynyl, 4-heptynyl, 3-octynyl, 3-nonynyl, 4-decynyl,3-undecynyl, 4-dodecynyl, and the like, and which may be optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents, namely, halogen, haloalkyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkyny
• cycloalkyl as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes saturated or partially unsaturated (containing 1 or 2 double bonds) cyclic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 10 rings, preferably 1 to 3 rings, and, even more particularly, 1 ring, including monocyclic alkyl, bicyclic alkyl (or bicycloalkyl) and tricyclic alkyl.
• Cycloalkyls as defined herein contain a total of 3 to 20 carbons forming the ring, preferably 3 to 15 carbons, more preferably 3 to 10 carbons, forming the ring.
• a cycloalkyl as defined herein and, even more particularly, 3-6 carbons may be fused to 1 or 2 aromatic rings as described for aryl.
• cycloalkyl examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclodecyl, cyclododecyl, cyclohexenyl,
• any of which groups may be optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents such as halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylamido, alkanoylamino, oxo, acyl, arylcarbonylamino, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol, and/or alkylthio, and/or any of the substituents defined above for alkyl.
• substituents such as halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylamido, alkanoylamino, oxo, acyl, arylcarbonylamino, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol, and/or alkylthio, and/or any of the substituents defined above for alkyl.
• alkyl groups as defined above have single bonds for attachment to other groups at two different carbon atoms, they are termed “alkylene” groups and may optionally be substituted as defined above for “alkyl”.
• alkenyl groups as defined above and alkynyl groups as defined above, respectively have single bonds for attachment at two different carbon atoms, they are termed “alkenylene groups” and “alkynylene groups”, respectively, and may optionally be substituted as defined above for "alkenyl” and "alkynyl”.
• aryl refers to monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic groups containing 6 to 10 carbons in the ring portion (such as phenyl or naphthyl, including 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl) and may optionally include 1 to 3 additional rings fused to a carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring (such as aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, or cycloheteroalkyl rings for example
• substituents for example, hydrogen, halo, haloalkyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkyl, arylalkoxy, arylthio, arylazo, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylheteroaryl, heteroaryloxy, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, amino, substituted amino wherein the amino includes 1 or 2 substituents (which are alkyl, aryl, or any of the other aryl compounds mentioned in the definitions), thiol, alkylthio
• lower alkoxy as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes any of the above alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl groups linked to an oxygen atom.
• amino refers to amino that may be substituted with one or two substituents, which may be the same or different, such as alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or thioalkyl.
• substituents may be further substituted with a carboxylic acid and/or any of the R 1 groups or substituents for R 1 as set out above.
• amino substituents may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form 1-pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-azepinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 4-thiamorpholinyl, 1-piperazinyl, 4-alkyl-l-piperazinyl, 4-arylalkyl-l-piperazinyl,
• lower alkylamino as employed herein alone or as part of another group includes any of the above alkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl groups linked to a nitrogen atom.
• heterocyclyl or “heterocyclic system” is intended to mean a stable 4- to 14-membered monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic heterocyclic ring which is saturated, partially unsaturated or unsaturated (aromatic) also called “heteroaryl”, and which consists of carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, NH, O and S and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
• the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized.
• the heterocyclic ring may be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom, which results in a stable structure.
• the heterocyclic rings described herein may be substituted on carbon or on a nitrogen atom if the resulting compound is stable. If specifically noted, a nitrogen in the heterocycle may optionally be quaternized. It is preferred that when the total number of S and O atoms in the heterocycle exceeds 1, then these heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another.
• aromatic heterocyclic system or “heteroaryl” is intended to mean a stable 5- to 7-membered monocyclic or bicyclic or 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic ring which consists of carbon atoms and from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of N, O and S and is aromatic in nature.
• heterocycles include, but are not limited to, lH-indazole, 2- pyrrolidonyl, 2H,6H-l,5,2-dithiazinyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, lH-indolyl, 4-piperidonyl, 4aH- carbazole, 4H-quinolizinyl, 6H-l,2,5-thiadiazinyl, acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazalonyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, ⁇ -carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, de
• the heterocycles include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, indazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiaphenyl, benzofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, isoidolyl, piperidinyl, piperidonyl, 4-piperidonyl, piperonyl, pyrrazolyl, 1,2,4- triazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, and pyrimidinyl. Also included are fused ring and spiro compounds containing, for example, the above heterocycles.
• heteroaryls are those having a single ring of which 1-4 (and, more particularly, 1-3) members are O, S and N and the remainder are carbons.
• heteroaryls are lH-indazole, 2H,6H-1,5,2- dithiazinyl, indolyl, 4aH-carbazole, 4H-quinolizinyl, 6H-l,2,5-thiadiazinyl, acridinyl, azocinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazalonyl, carbazolyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, ⁇ -carbolinyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, 2H,6H-l,5,2-dithiazinyl, dihydrofuro[2,3-£]
• heteroaryls are indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benztriazolyl, benztetrazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzimidazalonyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoquinolinyl isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolotriazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, and tetrazolyl.
• heterocyclylalkyl or “heterocyclyl” as used herein alone or as part of another group refers to heterocyclyl groups as defined above linked through a C atom or heteroatom to an alkyl chain.
• heteroarylalkyl or “heteroarylalkenyl” as used herein alone or as part of another group refers to a heteroaryl group as defined above linked through a C atom or heteroatom to an alkyl chain, alkylene, or alkenylene as defined above.
• cyano refers to a -CN group.
• nitro refers to an -NO 2 group.
• hydroxy refers to an OH group.
• phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non- toxic inorganic or organic acids.
• such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, and the like.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred. Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington 's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, p. 1418 (1985), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. [0086] Any compound that can be converted in vivo to provide the bioactive agent (i.e., the compound of formula I) is a prodrug within the scope and spirit of the invention.
• prodrugs as employed herein includes esters and carbonates formed by reacting one or more hydroxyls of compounds of formula I with alkyl, alkoxy, or aryl substituted acylating agents employing procedures known to those skilled in the art to generate acetates, pivalates, methylcarbonates, benzoates, and the like.
• prodrugs are well known in the art and are described in: a) The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry, Camille G. Wermuth et al, Ch. 31, (Academic Press, 1996); b) Design of Prodrugs, edited by H. Bundgaard (Elsevier, 1985); c) A Textbook of Drug Design and Development, P. Krogsgaard-Larson and H. Bundgaard, eds., Ch. 5, pp. 113-191 (Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991); and d) Hydrolysis in Drug and Prodrug Metabolism, Bernard Testa and
• compounds of Formula I are, subsequent to their preparation, preferably isolated and purified to obtain a composition containing an amount by weight equal to or greater than 99% formula I compound ("substantially pure” compound I), which is then used or formulated as described herein. Such “substantially pure” compounds of the formula I are also contemplated herein as part of the present invention.
• All stereoisomers of the compounds of the instant invention are contemplated, either in admixture or in pure or substantially pure form.
• the compounds of the present invention can have asymmetric centers at any of the carbon atoms including any one of the R substituents and/or exhibit polymorphism. Consequently, compounds of formula I can exist in enantiomeric, or diastereomeric forms, or in mixtures thereof.
• the processes for preparation can utilize racemates, enantiomers, or diastereomers as starting materials. When diastereomeric or enantiomeric products are prepared, they can be separated by conventional methods for example, chromatographic or fractional crystallization.
• “Stable compound” and “stable structure” are meant to indicate a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent.
• the present invention is intended to embody stable compounds.
• “Therapeutically effective amount” is intended to include an amount of a compound of the present invention alone or an amount of the combination of compounds claimed or an amount of a compound of the present invention in combination with other active ingredients effective to modulate GPRl 19 or effective to treat or prevent various disorders. As used in this invention, it is believed that a therapeutically effective amount of a compound is in the range of 0.1-100 mg/kg per day.
• treating cover the treatment of a disease- state in a mammal, particularly in a human, and include: (a) preventing the disease- state from occurring in a mammal, in particular, when such mammal is predisposed to the disease-state but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; (b) modulating the disease-state, i.e., arresting it development; and/or (c) relieving the disease-state, i.e., causing regression of the disease state.
• the compounds of the present invention can be prepared in a number of ways well known to one skilled in the art of organic synthesis.
• the compounds of the present invention can be synthesized using the methods described below, together with synthetic methods known in the art of synthetic organic chemistry, or variations thereon as appreciated by those skilled in the art. Preferred methods include, but are not limited to, those described below. All references cited herein are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference.
• novel compounds of Formula I may be prepared using the reactions and techniques described in this section. The reactions are performed in solvents appropriate to the reagents and materials employed and are suitable for the transformations being effected. Also, in the description of the synthetic methods described below, it is to be understood that all proposed reaction conditions, including solvent, reaction atmosphere, reaction temperature, duration of the experiment and workup procedures, are chosen to be the conditions standard for that reaction, which should be readily recognized by one skilled in the art. One skilled in the art of organic synthesis understands that the functionality present on various portions of the edict molecule must be compatible with the reagents and reactions proposed. Not all compounds of formula I falling into a given class may be compatible with some of the reaction conditions required in some of the methods described.
• a reagent (4) for example 1,2-dibromoethane or 1 -bromo-2-chloroethane (ni is 1, X 1 is Br, X 2 is Br or Cl, respectively), or 1,3-dibromopropane or l-bromo-3-chloropropane (ni is 2, X 1 is Br, X 2 is Br or Cl, respectively),in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate in a suitable solvent, such as DMF, gives the cyclized product (6) where Z is absent.
• a base such as potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate
• a reagent (5) for example chloroacetyl chloride (ni is 1, X 3 and X 4 are Cl) or 3-chloropropionyl chloride (ni is 2, X 3 and X 4 are Cl), in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, in a suitable solvent, such as methylene chloride or THF, gives the cyclized product (6) where Z is a carbonyl group.
• a reagent (5) for example chloroacetyl chloride (ni is 1, X 3 and X 4 are Cl) or 3-chloropropionyl chloride (ni is 2, X 3 and X 4 are Cl)
• a base such as triethylamine
• a suitable solvent such as methylene chloride or THF
• the reaction can be accomplished under palladium-catalyzed coupling conditions, using an appropriate palladium catalyst, such as Pd(dppf)Cl 2j Pd2(dba) 3 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 or Pd(OAc) 2 , etc., and a suitable ligand such as BINAP, PPh 3 , P(tBu)3, o-(biphenyl)P(tBu) 2 , etc., and a base such as but not limited to NaOtBu or CS 2 CO3 in a suitable solvent such as DMF, toluene, THF or DME, at elevated temperatures, to yield (8) (see Yang, B.H.
• an appropriate palladium catalyst such as Pd(dppf)Cl 2j Pd2(dba) 3 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 or Pd(OAc) 2 , etc.
• a suitable ligand such as BINAP, PPh 3 , P(tBu
• (6) is treated with an appropriate aniline (7) using Pd(dppf)Cl2 as catalyst, BINAP as the ligand, NaOtBu as the base in toluene at 100 0 C, with or without microwave irradiation, to afford compounds (8).
• Y is O
• the reaction can be accomplished by a variety of palladium-catalyzed coupling conditions to afford diaryl ethers (8).
• a palladium catalyst such as Pd(OAc) 2 , Pd 2 (dba) 3 , etc.
• a ligand such as DPPF, BINAP, P(tBu) 3 , 0- (biphenyl)P(tBu)2, etc.
• a base such as but not limited to K2CO3, or K3PO4 in a suitable solvent such as DMF, toluene, THF or DME, at elevated temperatures, affords ethers (8) (for a recent review of diaryl ether synthesis, see Frlan, R. et al, Synthesis, 2271 (2006)).
• Diaryl ethers (8) can also be prepared by the Ullmann coupling reaction, which involves treatment of (6) with a phenol (7) or its sodium salt in the presence of a copper (I) salt, such as O1 2 O, CuI, CuBr, CuPF 6 (MeCN), etc., a suitable base, such as CS2CO3 or NaOtBu, with or without an added ligand, such as 1,10-phenanthroline, Chxn-Py-Al, PPh 3 , etc., in a suitable solvent such as pyridine, toluene, DMF, MeCN, etc, at elevated temperatures, to afford ethers (8) (see Frlan, R. et al., Synthesis, 2271 (2006)).
• a copper (I) salt such as O1 2 O, CuI, CuBr, CuPF 6 (MeCN), etc.
• a suitable base such as CS2CO3 or NaOtBu
• an added ligand such as 1,10-phenanthroline,
• the reaction can also be accomplished by palladium-catalyzed coupling of (6) with an aryl thiol (7), for example by using Pd 2 (dba) 3 or Pd(O Ac) 2 as catalyst, a ligand such as Xantphos or DPEphos, a base such as Hunig's base or potassium carbonate, in dioxane or toluene as solvent at elevated temperature, to afford diaryl thioethers (8) (see Itoh, T. et al., Org. Lett, 6:4587 (2006) and references therein).
• diaryl thioethers (8) can also be prepared by the Ullman coupling reaction similar to that described for diaryl ethers.
• Scheme 2 provides a general route to prepare compounds of Formula I where A is N, B and D are CR 41 ,, and E is oxygen.
• Pyridines (9) are either commercially available or are readily prepared by one skilled in the art.
• the methyl ether can be prepared by treating (10) with methyl iodide in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or potassium carbonate, in a solvent such as THF or DMF.
• the trialkylsilyl protecting group can be introduced by treating (10) with a suitable trialkylsilyl chloride or triflate in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, in a solvent such as THF or CH 2 CI 2 .
• additional protecting groups can be employed for phenol (10).
• Conversion of (11) to (13) can be accomplished in two ways.
• Displacement of the nitro group can be achieved by treatment of (11) with amine (12) in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, in a solvent such as DMF, at elevated temperature with or without microwave irradiation.
• the nitro group of (11) can be reduced by a variety of reducing agents well known to those skilled in the art, such as by Zn/NH 4 C1 or SnCl 2 , to afford a 4-aminopyridine which can then undergo reductive amination with ketone (2) in the presence of a borohydride reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
• a borohydride reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride.
• the aminopyridine can be treated with ketone (2) in the presence of an acid catalyst, such a p-toluenesulfonic acid, to form the imine upon removal of water, by such methods as toluene at reflux with a Dean- Stark trap.
• an acid catalyst such as a p-toluenesulfonic acid
• the resulting imine can then be reduced with an appropriate borohydride reducing agent, such as with sodium borohydride, in a solvent such as methanol or THF Deprotection of (13) to liberate the phenol affords (14).
• an appropriate borohydride reducing agent such as with sodium borohydride
• a solvent such as methanol or THF
• Deprotection of (13) to liberate the phenol affords (14).
• PG is methyl
• the deprotection can be accomplished using boron tribromide, TMSI, or other methods known to those skilled in the art, to provide the phenol (14).
• Cyclization of (14) can be accomplished with the reagents (4) and (5) and a suitable base at elevated temperature, as described in Scheme 1, to afford compound (15), where Z is absent or is a carbonyl group.
• Coupling of (15) with reagent (7) as described in Scheme 1 affords compounds (16), which represent Formula I where A is N, B and D are CR 41 ,, and E is oxygen.
• nitropyridine (10) can be O-alkylated with a suitable reagent, such as the bromoalkylester (17), in the presence of a suitable base, such as sodium hydride or potassium carbonate, to afford (18).
• a suitable base such as sodium hydride or potassium carbonate
• Nitro group reduction as before, such as with Zn/NH 4 C1 or SnCl 2 provides (19).
• Scheme 4 provides a general route to prepare compounds of Formula I where B is N, A and D are CR 41 ,, and E is oxygen.
• Pyridines (25) are either commercially available or are readily prepared by one skilled in the art.
• 5-bromo-3-nitro-pyridinol 25, IL H , is H
• 3-nitro-4- hydroxypyridine see US 3,826,643
• the phenol functionality of (25) can be protected by, for example, but not limited to, methyl ether (PG is methyl) or any of a variety of trialkylsilyl groups (PG is RsSi), to afford (26).
• the methyl ether can be prepared by treating (25) with methyl iodide in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or potassium carbonate, in a solvent such as THF or DMF.
• the trialkylsilyl protecting group can be introduced by treating (25) with a suitable trialkylsilyl chloride or triflate in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, in a solvent such as THF or CH 2 CI 2 .
• additional protecting groups can be employed for phenol (25).
• the nitro group of (26) can be reduced by a variety of reducing agents well known to those skilled in the art, such as by ZnZNH 4 Cl or SnCl 2 , to afford a 3- aminopyridine which can then undergo reductive amination with ketone (2) in the presence of a borohydride reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride to afford (27).
• a borohydride reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride to afford (27).
• the aminopyridine can be treated with ketone (2) in the presence of an acid catalyst, such a p-toluenesulfonic acid, to form the imine upon removal of water, by such method as toluene at reflux with a Dean-Stark trap.
• the resulting imine can then be reduced with an appropriate borohydride reducing agent, such as with sodium borohydride, in a solvent such as methanol or THF to afford (27).
• an appropriate borohydride reducing agent such as with sodium borohydride
• deprotection of (27) to liberate the phenol affords (28).
• PG methyl
• the deprotection can be accomplished using boron tribromide, TMSI, or other methods known to those skilled in the art, to provide the phenol (28).
• G is nitrogen and when R 2 is an acid labile protecting group, such as BOC, deprotection under acidic conditions may also cause loss of the nitrogen protecting group. In such case (G is N, R 2 is BOC) the nitrogen can be reprotected using BOC 2 O to afford (28).
• Scheme 5 provides a general route to prepare compounds of Formula I where A and D are N, B is CR 41 ,, and E is oxygen.
• Pyrimidines (31) are either commercially available or are readily prepared by one skilled in the art. For example, treatment of commercially available 4,6-dichloro-5-methoxypyrimidine (31, R 4 b is H) with 1 equivalent of amine (12) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, in a solvent such as DMF, THF or methylene chloride gives (32). Demethylation can be accomplished with BBr 3 or TMSI, as described in Scheme 2, to afford the hydroxypyrimidine (33).
• G is nitrogen and when R 2 is an acid labile protecting group, such as tert-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC), deprotection under acidic conditions may also cause loss of the nitrogen protecting group.
• R 2 is an acid labile protecting group
• the nitrogen can be reprotected using di-tert-butyldicarbonate (BOC 2 O) to afford (33).
• a reagent (4) for example 1 ,2-dibromoethane or l-bromo-2-chloroethane (ni is 1, X 1 is Br, X 2 is Br or Cl, respectively), or 1,3- dibromopropane or l-bromo-3-chloropropane (ni is 2, X 1 is Br, X 2 is Br or Cl, respectively), in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate in a suitable solvent, such as DMF, gives the cyclized product (34) where Z is absent.
• a base such as potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate
• ni is 1 in Formula I
• (33) is treated with 1- bromo-2-chloroethane and potassium carbonate in DMF at room temperature for several hours to afford an N-chloroethyl intermediate.
• the temperature of the reaction mixture is then raised to 80-100 0 C to afford the cyclized product (34) where Z is absent.
• a reagent (5) where X 4 is OMe, for example methyl bromoacetate (ni is 1 , X 3 is Br) in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or cesium carbonate gives an O-alkyated ester intermediate, which by heating under various conditions can produce the cyclized product (34) where Z is a carbonyl group.
• Nitro group reduction can then be accomplished as previously described in Scheme 6, using ZnZNH 4 Cl, SnCl 2 , catalytic hydrogenation, or other suitable reagent known to those skilled in the art, to afford the diamine (43).
• bicyclic ring formation can be accomplished with reagents (4) or (5) to afford compounds (40), where Z is absent or is a carbonyl, and Y is oxygen or sulfur.
• Scheme 7 Nitro reduction
• Scheme 8 provides a general route to prepare compounds of Formula I where E is CH2 and m is 1.
• Compounds (44) are either commercially available or readily prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art.
• 4,6- dichloro-5-formylpyrimidine 44, X is Cl, A and D are N, B is CH
• 2,4-dichloro-3-formylpyridine 44, X is Cl, A is N, B and D are CH
• can be readily prepared from 2-4-dichloropyridine see Radinov, R. et al., J. Org. Chem., 56:4793 (1991)).
• Scheme 9 provides an alternative route to prepare compounds of Formula I where E is CH 2 .
• aldehyde (45) with an appropriate Horner-Emmons reagent (50), such as triethylphosphonoacetate (R is Et), in the presence of a suitable base, such as sodium hydride or potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS), and in a solvent such as THF affords the olefin (52) where m is O.
• Horner-Emmons reagent such as triethylphosphonoacetate (R is Et)
• R is Et
• KHMDS potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
• (45) can be treated with an appropriate homologated Wittig reagent, such as the phosphorane (51), which can be generated in situ from the corresponding triphenylphosphonium salt and a base such as potassium t-butoxide, in a solvent such as THF or toluene, and affords the olefin (52) where m is 1.
• an appropriate homologated Wittig reagent such as the phosphorane (51), which can be generated in situ from the corresponding triphenylphosphonium salt and a base such as potassium t-butoxide, in a solvent such as THF or toluene, and affords the olefin (52) where m is 1.
• Coupling of (52) with reagent (7) under a variety of conditions as described in Scheme 1 gives (53).
• Reduction of the olefin such as by catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/C catalyst, in a solvent such as methanol or ethanol, or by other methods known to those skilled
• R 2 in Formula I can be varied readily by a variety of procedures known to those skilled in the art, for example as shown in Scheme 10 when G is nitrogen.
• R 2 in the previous schemes can represent a nitrogen protecting group, such as but not limited to a tert-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) or carbobenzyloxy (CBZ) carbamate.
• BOC tert-butyloxycarbonyl
• CBZ carbobenzyloxy
• R2 protecting group
• the compounds of the present invention possess activity as agonists of the GPRl 19 receptor, and, therefore, may be used in the treatment of diseases associated with GPRl 19 receptor activity. Via the activation of GPRl 19 receptor, the compounds of the present invention may preferably be employed to increase insulin production or increase GLP-I secretion or both.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered to mammals, preferably humans, for the treatment of a variety of conditions and disorders, including, but not limited to, treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diabetes and related conditions, microvascular complications associated with diabetes, macrovascular complications associated with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Metabolic Syndrome and its component conditions, inflammatory diseases and other maladies.
• the compounds of the present invention may be used in preventing, inhibiting, or treating diabetes, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, wound healing, atherosclerosis and its sequelae (acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, peripheral vascular disease, intermittent claudication, myocardial ischemia, stroke, heart failure), Metabolic Syndrome, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL, high LDL, vascular restenosis, peripheral arterial disease, lipid disorders, bone disease (including osteoporosis), PCOS, HIV protease associated lipodystrophy, glaucoma and inflammatory diseases, such as, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and treatment of side-effects related to diabetes, lipodistrophy and osteoporosis from cor
• the present invention includes within its scope pharmaceutical compositions comprising, as an active ingredient, a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the compounds of formula I, alone or in combination with a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent.
• a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent e.g., a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
• compounds of the present invention can be used alone, in combination with other compounds of the invention, or in combination with one or more other therapeutic agent(s), e.g., an antidiabetic agent or other pharmaceutically active material.
• the compounds of the present invention may be employed in combination with other GPRl 19 receptor agonists or one or more other suitable therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders including: anti-diabetic agents, anti-hyperglycemic agents, anti-hyperinsulinemic agents, anti-retinopathic agents, anti-neuropathic agents, anti-nephropathic agents, anti-atherosclerotic agents, anti-ischemic agents, anti-hypertensive agents, anti-obesity agents, anti-dyslipidemic agents, anti-dyslipidemic agents, anti-hyperlipidemic agents, anti- hypertriglyceridemic agents, anti-hypercholesterolemic agents, anti-restenotic agents, anti-pancreatic agents, lipid lowering agents, appetite suppressants, treatments for heart failure, treatments for peripheral arterial disease and anti-inflammatory agents.
• anti-diabetic agents anti-hyperglycemic agents, anti-hyperinsulinemic agents, anti-retinopathic agents, anti-
• Suitable anti-diabetic agents for use in combination with the compounds of the present invention include insulin and insulin analogs (e.g., LysPro insulin, inhaled formulations comprising insulin); glucagon-like peptides; sulfonylureas and analogs (e.g., chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, acetohexamide, glypizide, glyburide, glimepiride, repaglinide, meglitinide); biguanides (e.g., metformin, phenformin, buformin); alpha2 -antagonists and imidazolines (e.g., midaglizole, isaglidole, deriglidole, idazoxan, efaroxan, fluparoxan); other insulin secretagogues (e.g., linogliride, insulinotropin, exendin-4, N,N-
• bile acid sequestrants e.g., WELCHOL ® , COLESTID ® , LOCHOLEST ® AND QUESTRAN ® ; and fibric acid derivatives, such as ATROMID ® , LOPID ® AND TRICOT ®
• cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors e.g., torcetrapib and (2R)-3- ⁇ [3-(4-chloro-3-ethyl- phenoxy)-phenyl]-[[3-(l,l,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]methyl]amino ⁇ - 1,1,1- trifluoro-2-propanol
• nicotinic acid and derivatives thereof e.g., niacin, acipimox
• PCSK9 inhibitors LXR agonists
• lipoxygenase inhibitors e.g., such as benzimidazole derivatives, as disclosed in WO 97/12615, 15- LO inhibitors, as disclosed in WO 97/12613, isothiazolones, as disclosed in WO 96/38144, and 15-LO inhibitors, as disclosed by Sendobry et al, "Attenuation of diet- induced atherosclerosis in rabbits with a highly selective 15 -lipoxygenase inhibitor lacking significant antioxidant properties", Brit. J. Pharmacology, 120: 1199-1206 (1997), and Cornicelli et al., "15-Lipoxygenase and its Inhibition: A Novel
• Preferred hypolipidemic agents are pravastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, cerivastatin, atavastatin, and rosuvastatin.
• Suitable anti-hypertensive agents for use in combination with the compounds of the present invention include beta adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers (L-type and T-type; e.g., diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine, amlodipine and mybefradil), diuretics (e.g., chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, flumethiazide, hydroflumethiazide, bendroflumethiazide, methylchlorothiazide, trichloromethiazide, polythiazide, benzthiazide, ethacrynic acid tricrynafen, chlorthalidone, furosemide, musolimine, bumetanide, triamtrenene, amiloride, spironolactone), renin inhibitors (e.g., aliskiren), ACE inhibitors (e.g., capto
• Dual ET/AII antagonist e.g., compounds disclosed in WO 00/01389
• neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitors e.g., neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitors
• vasopeptidase inhibitors dual NEP-ACE inhibitors
• nitrates e.g., central alpha agonists (e.g., clonidine)
• alphal blockers e.g., prazosine
• arterial vasodilators e.g., minoxidil
• sympatolytics e.g., resperine
• renin inhibitors e.g., Aliskiren (Novartis)
• Suitable anti-obesity agents for use in combination with the compounds of the present invention include a cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist or inverse agonist (e.g., rimonabant, (4S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro- N'-methyl-4-phenyl-lH-Pyrazole-l-carboximidamide (SLV 319), CP-945598 (Pfizer), Surinabant (SR-147778, Sanofi-Aventis), N-[(lS,2S)-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2- (3 -cyanophenyl)- 1 -methylpropyl]-2-methyl-2- ⁇ [5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2- yl]oxy ⁇ propanamide (Merck) and those discussed in Hertzog, D.L., Expert Opin.
• a beta 3 adrenergic agonist e.g., rafabegron (AJ9677, Takeda/Dainippon), N-[4-[2-[[(2S)-3-[(6-amino-3-pyridinyl)oxy]-2- hydroxypropyl] amino] ethyl]phenyl]-4-(l-methylethyl)-Benzenesulfonamide (L750355, Merck), or CP331648 (Pfizer,) or other known beta 3 agonists, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
• rafabegron AJ9677, Takeda/Dainippon
• N-[4-[2-[[(2S)-3-[(6-amino-3-pyridinyl)oxy]-2- hydroxypropyl] amino] ethyl]phenyl]-4-(l-methylethyl)-Benzenesulfonamide L750355, Mer
• axokine REGENERON
• brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF
• orexin antagonists histamine receptor-3 (H3) modulators
• melanin- concentrating hormone receptor (MCHR) antagonists e.g., GSK-856464 (GlaxoSmithKline), T-0910792 (Amgen)
• diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) inhibitors e.g., BAY-74-4113 (Bayer)
• acetyl- CoA carboxylase ACC
• ACC acetyl- CoA carboxylase
• A-80040, Abbott Abbott
• SCD-I inhibitors as described
• the anorectic agent which may be optionally employed in combination with compounds of the present invention include dexamphetamine, phentermine, phenylpropanolamine, or mazindol, with dexamphetamine being preferred.
• CCK receptor agonists e.g., SR-27895B
• galanin receptor antagonists e.g., MCR-4 antagonists (e.g., N-acetyl-L-norleucyl-L-glutaminyl-L- histidyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-D-tryptophyl-Glycinamide, (HP-228)
• urocortin mimetics e.g., mifepristone (RU-486), urocortin
• the compounds of the present invention may be used in combination with HIV protease inhibitors, including but not limited to REYATAZ and KALETRA ® .
• Suitable memory enhancing agents, anti-dementia agents, or cognition promoting agents for use in combination with the compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to ARICEPT ® , RAZAD YNE ® , donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, tacrine, metrifonate, muscarine, xanomelline, deprenyl and physostigmine.
• Suitable anti-inflammatory agents for use in combination with the compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to, NSAIDS, prednisone, acetaminophen, aspirin, codeine, fentanyl, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketorolac, morphine, naproxen, phenacetin, piroxicam, sufentanyl, sunlindac, interferon alpha, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethazone, flucatisone, betamethasone, hydrocortisone, beclomethasone, REMICADE ® , ORENCIA ® , and ENBREL ® .
• the compounds of formula I can be administered for any of the uses described herein by any suitable means, for example, orally, such as in the form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders; sublingually; bucally; parenterally, such as by subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, or intrasternal injection, or infusion techniques (e.g., as sterile injectable aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions); nasally, including administration to the nasal membranes, such as by inhalation spray; topically, such as in the form of a cream or ointment; or rectally such as in the form of suppositories; in dosage unit formulations containing non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles or diluents.
• suitable means for example, orally, such as in the form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders; sublingually; bucally; parenterally, such as by subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, or intrasternal injection, or infusion techniques (e
• a pharmaceutical composition will be employed containing the compounds of formula I, with or without other antidiabetic agent(s) and/or antihyperlipidemic agent(s) and/or other type therapeutic agents in association with a pharmaceutical vehicle or diluent.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated employing conventional solid or liquid vehicles or diluents and pharmaceutical additives of a type appropriate to the mode of desired administration, such as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, binders, and the like.
• the compounds can be administered to a mammalian patient, including humans, monkeys, dogs, etc. by an oral route, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, beads, granules or powders.
• the dose for adults is preferably between 1 and 2,000 mg per day, which can be administered in a single dose or in the form of individual doses from 1-4 times per day.
• a typical capsule for oral administration contains compounds of structure I (250 mg), lactose (75 mg), and magnesium stearate (15 mg). The mixture is passed through a 60 mesh sieve and packed into a No. 1 gelatin capsule.
• a typical injectable preparation is produced by aseptically placing 250 mg of compounds of structure I into a vial, aseptically freeze-drying and sealing. For use, the contents of the vial are mixed with 2 mL of physiological saline, to produce an injectable preparation.
• a HIT-T 15 hamster insulinoma cell line can be purchased from ATCC and grown in the medium recommended by ATCC (i.e., Growth Medium: F12K Medium (Invitrogen 21127-022; 10 % D-horse Serum; and 2.5 % FBS).
• Growth Medium F12K Medium (Invitrogen 21127-022; 10 % D-horse Serum; and 2.5 % FBS).
• cAMP assay To conduct the cAMP assay, cells are plated on 96 well plates (e.g., BD Falcon: REF 353948, black side, clear bottom, TC surface) at a density of about 4.5 X 10 4 cells per well in growth medium and incubated overnight. Following incubation, the growth medium is removed from the wells, followed by a single rinse with the assay buffer from the Hit Hunter cAMP kit (lOO ⁇ l/well).
• Cell lines using the FIp-In-T-REx 293 tetracycline inducible gene expression system are cultured in culture medium comprising the following components: DMEM#11965, 10%FBS, 2mM L-glutamine, 200ug/ml Hygromycin B, and 15ug/ml blasticidin.
• cAMP assays cells are plated on 96 well plates (e.g., BD Falcon: REF 353948, black side, clear bottom, TC surface) at a density of about 4.5 X 10 4 cells per well in growth medium containing l.Oug/ml tetracycline (1.0mg/ml stock). The cells are then incubated for 48 hours at 37 0 C.
• 96 well plates e.g., BD Falcon: REF 353948, black side, clear bottom, TC surface
• the growth medium is removed from the wells and the wells rinsed (once) with the assay buffer included in the Hit Hunter cAMP kit (lOO ⁇ l/well). Following the wash, 20 ⁇ l of assay buffer is added to each well, followed by addition of lO ⁇ l of a 3X concentration compound working solution. The solution is then mixed. The final concentration range of compound is from about 10 " 5 M to about 10 "11 M. The reagents are then incubated at 37°C at 5% CO 2 for 1 hour. [00134] The manufacturer's protocol may be followed for cAMP determination. The Hit Hunter cAMP kit protocol is outlined for the HIT-T 15 cAMP assays described above.
• HEK 293 cells may be plated on poly-D-lysine treated 96-well BD black side/clear bottom plates at a density of about 3xlO 4 cells/well in growth medium.
• the growth medium may comprise the following: D-MEM (Cat # 12430) with high glucose and 10% fetal bovine serum.
• Cells may be transfected with vectors comprising native or non-native GPRl 19 sequences using commercially available vectors (e.g., Stratagene) and transfection reagents. The standard manufacturer's protocols may be followed to transfect the cells. Following transfection, the transfection medium may be removed and assay medium added to the wells of the assay plates.
• compound dilution plates may be made. To do so, make a first compound dilution plate using 1OmM of the compound of interest diluted to about ImM in DMSO. Then make 12 point half-log dilutions of the compounds (in DMSO) using an automated liquid handler. Next, make a second dilution plate by diluting the wells in the first plate ten fold (10X) using assay medium. Once the plates are complete, the highest dose is about lO ⁇ M and the lowest dose is about 0.03nM.
• luciferase assay system may be used (e.g., Stead- GIo Luciferase Assay System from Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Following completion of the reaction, immediately measure the readout of the assay using a top count luminometer.
• preferred compounds of the present invention have been identified to modulate the functional activity of GPRl 19 G protein-coupled receptor at concentrations equivalent to, or more potently than, 10 ⁇ M, preferably 5 ⁇ M, more preferably 1 ⁇ M, and still more preferably 0.1 ⁇ M, thereby demonstrating compounds of the present invention as especially effective modulators of GPRl 19 G protein- coupled receptor.
• Potencies can be calculated and expressed as EC50 values, and refer to activity measured employing the assay system described above.
• Pd 2 (dba) 3 tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0)
• nM nanomolar
• Example IA was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-50% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 5.60 g (68%) of Example IA as a solid.
• LRMS ESI: 315.2./317.2 [M + H] + .
• Example IA To Example IA (0.89 g, 2.4 mmol) and K 2 CO 3 (4.6 g, 7.2 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was added 1,2-dibromoethane (0.31 mL, 3.4 mmol). Upon completion of addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 5 h and then at 80 0 C for 2 h. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated.
• Example IB was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-25% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 0.67 g (70%) of Example IB as a solid.
• Example IB A mixture of Example IB (41 mg, 0.10 mmol), 4-aminophenylmethyl sulfone (51 mg, 0.10 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (8 mg, 0.009 mmol) and t-BuONa (32 mg, 0.33 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was degassed and irradiated in a sealed tube in a microwave reactor at 100 0 C for 1Oh. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-50% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 8 mg (13%) of Example 1 as a solid.
• Example IA To a mixture of Example IA (0.65 g, 1.76 mmol) and triethylamine (0.40 mL, 2.63 mmol) in methylene chloride (18 mL) was added bromoacetyl chloride (0.16 mL, 1.93 mmol). Upon completion of addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 2 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated, and the resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-50% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 386 mg (54%) of Example 2A as a solid. LRMS (ESI): 411.0/413.0 [M + H] + .
• Example 2A A mixture of Example 2A (41 mg, 0.10 mmol), 4-aminophenylmethyl sulfone (17 mg, 0.10 mmol), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (1.2 mg, 0.002 mmol), BINAP (4.3 mg, 0.006 mmol) and t-BuONa ( 10 mg, 0.10 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was degassed and stirred at 110 0 C for about 16 h. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-75% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 48 mg (94%) of Example 2 as a solid.
• Example 3A To a solution of Example 3A (16.40 g, 47.8 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (480 mL) was added boron tribromide (22.6 mL, 239.2 mmol) dropwise at ambient temperature. The resulting suspension was refluxed for 2 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to remove most of the solvent. To the resulting residue was slowly added 200 mL of MeOH, and the resulting mixture was refluxed for 3 h. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was evaporated thoroughly in vacuo to yield a residue. The residue was dissolved in 200 mL of MeOH and 100 mL of CH2CI2.
• the pH of the resulting solution was adjusted to 11-12 by adding triethylamine. Once at the prescribed pH, di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate (9.40 g, 43.06 mmol) was added portion-wise. Upon completion of addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 30 min. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated and separated between CH 2 CI 2 and water. The organic layer was washed, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to yield a residue. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-10% MeOH/ CH 2 Cl 2 ) to afford 11.41 g (67%) of Example 3B as a pale solid.
• Example 3B To a mixture of Example 3B (2.35 g, 7.0 mmol) and K 2 CO 3 (2.90 g, 21.0 mmol) in DMF (35 mL) was added l-bromo-2-chloroethane (0.87 mL, 10.5 mmol). Upon completion of addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for about 16 hours and then at 100 0 C for 3 h. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated.
• Example 3C was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-50% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 1.78 g (70%) of Example 3C as an off-white solid.
• 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.60-1.72 (m, 4H), 2.88 (broad s, 2H), 3.49 (t, 2H), 4.28 (m, 4H), 4.86 (m, IH), 8.03 (s, IH).
• Example 3 A mixture of Example 3C (605 mg, 1.71 mmol), 2-fluoro-4- (methylsulfonyl)aniline (323 mg, 1.71 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (37 mg, 0.051 mmol), BINAP (53 mg, 0.085 mmol) and t-BuONa ( 164 mg, 1.71 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was degassed and stirred at 100 0 C for 3 h.
• Example 4 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-fluoro-4-methylaniline.
• LRMS ESI: 444.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 5 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-fluoro-4-methoxylaniline.
• Example 6 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 4-amino-3-fmorobenzonitrile.
• LRMS ESI: 455.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 7 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline.
• LRMS 524.0 [M + H] + .
• Example 8A 7V-(2-Fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-8-(piperidin-4-yl)-7,8- dihydro-6H-pyrimido[5,4-b] [l,4]oxazin-4-amine, HCl salt
• Example 3 A mixture of Example 3 (95 mg, 0.19 mmol) in 4 mL of 4M HCl in 1,4- dioxane was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to afford Example 8A, which was used without further purification. 408.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 8 To a mixture of Example 8A (95 mg, 0.19 mmol) and triethylamine (0.65 mL, 0.47 mmol) in 3 mL of CH 2 CI 2 was added dropwise isopropylchloroformate (0.19 mL of IM in toluene, 0.19 mmol). Upon completion of addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5 h. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo, and the resulting residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-100% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 68 mg (70% for 2 steps) of Example 8 as an off-white solid.
• Example 9 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 8, with the exception that isopropylchloroformate was replaced with p- tolychloroformate.
• Example 10 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 8, with the exception that isopropylchloroformate was replaced with A- chlorophenylchloroformate.
• LRMS ESI: 562.0 [M + H] + .
• Example 11 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 8, with the exception that isopropylchloroformate was replaced with A- fluorophenylchloroformate.
• LRMS 546.0 [M + H] + .
• Example 12 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 8, with the exception that isopropylchloroformate was replaced with A- methoxyphenylchloroformate.
• LRMS ESI
• Example 13 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 8, with the exception that isopropylchloroformate was replaced with 2- chlorophenylchloroformate.
• LRMS ESI
• Example 14 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 8, with the exception that isopropylchloroformate was replaced with cyclopentylchloroformate.
• LRMS 520.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 15 was prepared from Example 5 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS ESI: 446.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 16 was prepared from Example 7 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS (ESI): 510.0 [M + H] + .
• Example 8A A reaction mixture of Example 8A (30 mg, 0.068 mmol), 2- chlorobenzoxazole (13 mg, 0.082 mmol) and K 2 CO3 (19 mg, 0.14 mmol) in 1 mL of DMF was heated in a sealed vial in the microwave at 160 0 C for 60 min. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated to yield a residue. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-100 EtOAc/hexane) to afford 10 mg (28%) of Example 17 as a pale solid.
• Example 18 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 17, with the exception that 2-chlorobenzoxazole was replaced with 2- chlorobenzothiazole.
• Example 19 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 17, with the exception that 2-chlorobenzoxazole was replaced with 2- chloropyrimidine.
• Example 3 C A mixture of Example 3 C (1.90 g, 5.35 mmol) in 50 mL of 4M HCl in 1,4- dioxane was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to yield a residue. The residue was taken up in 50 mL of methylene chloride and then triethylamine was added to adjust the pH to a pH of 10-11. Once at the prescribed pH, 5.35 mL of isopropylchloroformate (IM in toluene) was added dropwise, and then the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5 h.
• IM in toluene isopropylchloroformate
• Example 2OA (62 mg, 0.18 mmol), 4-amino-3- fluorobenzonitrile (25 mg, 0.18 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl 2 (5.3 mg, 0.0073 mmol), BINAP (6.7 mg, 0.011 mmol) and t-BuONa ( 17.5 mg, 0.18 mmol) in toluene (1.5 mL) was degassed and heated in a sealed vial in the microwave at 110 0 C for 30 min. After this time, the reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-100% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 47 mg (59%) of Example 20 as an off- white solid.
• Example 21 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 20, with the exception that 4-amino-3-fluorobenzonitrile was replaced with 4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline.
• LRMS ESI: 476.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 22 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 20, with the exception that 4-amino-3-fluorobenzonitrile was replaced with 4-amino-3-chlorobenzonitrile.
• LRMS ESI: 457.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 23 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 20, with the exception that 4-amino-3-fluorobenzonitrile was replaced with 3-amino-2-methylpyridine.
• LRMS ESI: 413.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 2OA A mixture of Example 2OA (34 mg, 0.10 mmol), 4-methylsulfonylphenol (19 mg, 0.10 mmol) and CS 2 CO3 (65 mg, 0.20 mmol) in toluene (1 mL) was heated in a sealed vial in the microwave at 150 0 C for 7 h. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed by water and brine, dried over MgSO 4 , and then concentrated in vacuo to yield a residue. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-100% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 19 mg (42%) of Example 24 as a pale solid.
• Example 2OA 52 mg, 0.15 mmol
• 3 -hydroxy 1-2- methylpyridine 25 mg, 0.23 mmol
• KOH powder 17 mg, 0.30 mmol
• DME 1.5 mL
• the reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography (elution with 0- 100% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 19 mg (30%) of Example 25 as a pale solid.
• Example 26A tert- ⁇ utyl 4-(4-chloro-7-oxo-6H-pyrimido[5,4-b] [l,4]oxazin- 8(7H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate
• Example 3B To a mixture of Example 3B (1.48 g, 4.50 mmol) and Cs 2 CO 3 (1.76 g, 5.40 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was added methyl bromoacetate (0.50 mL, 5.40 mmol). Upon completion of addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 3 h and then at 65°C for about 16 h. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO 4 and then concentrated to yield a residue.
• Example 26A was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-100% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 0.44 g (27%) of Example 26A as a pale solid.
• 1 H NMR 400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ 1.49 (s, 9H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 2.80 (broad s, 2H), 4.25 (broad s, 2H), 4.79 (s, 2H), 5.04 (m, IH), 8.39 (s, IH).
• Example 26 was prepared from Example 26A using a similar method as described above for Example 3.
• Example 6 A mixture of Example 6 (540 mg, 1.19 mmol) in 10 mL of 4M HCl in 1,4- dioxane was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo to afford Example 28A, which was used without further purification. 355.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 28A To a mixture of Example 28A (30 mg, 0.077 mmol) and triethylamine (32 uL, 0.23 mmol) in 2 mL of CH 2 CI 2 was added 2-methoxyphenylchloro formate (12 uL, 0.077 mmol). Upon completion of addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 min. At the conclusion of this period, the reaction mixture was purified by flash chromatography (elution with 0-100% EtOAc/hexane) to afford 23 mg (59%) of Example 28 as an off-white solid.
• Example 29 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 28, with the exception that 2-methoxyphenylchloro formate was replaced withp-tolylchloroformate.
• Example 30 was prepared using a similar method as described above for Example 28, with the exception that 2-methoxyphenylchloroformate was replaced with cyclopentylchloroformate.
• LRMS ESI: 467.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 31 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 28, with the exception that 2-methoxyphenylchloroformate was replaced with 4-methoxyphenylchloroformate.
• Example 33 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 32, with the exception that 2-chloropyrimidine was replaced with 2-chloro- 4-methylpyrimidine.
• Example 34 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 32, with the exception that 2-chloropyrimidine was replaced with 2- chlorobenzoxazole.
• Example 35 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 20, with the exception that 4-amino-3-fluorobenzonitrile was replaced with 2-fluoro-4-(l -methyl- lH-imidazol-2-yl)aniline.
• Example 37 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 20, with the exception that 4-amino-3-fluorobenzonitrile was replaced with 4-aminobenzonitrile.
• LRMS (ESI): 423.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 38 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 20, with the exception that 4-amino-3-fluorobenzonitrile was replaced with methyl 4-amino-3-chlorobenzoate.
• Example 39 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 4-amino-3-chloro-N,N-dimethylbenzamide.
• LRMS ESI
• Example 40 was prepared from Example 39 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS (ESI): 503.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 41 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 20, with the exception that 4-amino-3-fluorobenzonitrile was replaced with 2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyaniline.
• LRMS 484.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 42 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 20, with the exception that 4-amino-3-fluorobenzonitrile was replaced with 3-fluoro-4-methoxyaniline.
• LRMS 446.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 43 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2,6-dichloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline.
• 1 H NMR 500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ ppm 1.46 (s, 9 H) 1.57 - 1.65 (m, 2 H) 1.68 - 1.75 (m, 2 H) 2.85 (s, 2 H) 3.07 (s, 3 H) 3.44 - 3.53 (m, 2 H) 4.17 - 4.31 (m, 4 H) 4.74 - 4.86 (m, 1 H) 6.53 (s, 1 H) 7.88 - 7.98 (m, 3 H).
• LRMS (ESI): 558.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 44 was prepared from Example 43 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ ppm 1.21 - 1.29 (m, 6 H)
• Example 45 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with methyl 4-amino-3-chlorobenzoate.
• Example 47 As a white solid .
• Example 49 was prepared from Example 47 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS (ESI): 475.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 50 was prepared from Example 48 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• Example 51 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 48, with the exception that methanamine was replaced with 2- morpholinoethanamine.
• Example 52 was prepared using the same method described above for
• Example 48 with the exception that methanamine was replaced with 3-(pyrrolidin-l- yl)propan-l -amine.
• Example 53 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 48, with the exception that methanamine was replaced with 2-(pyrrolidin-l- yl)ethanamine.
• Example 55 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine.
• 1 H NMR 500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ ppm 1.46 (s, 9 H) 1.56 - 1.67 (m, 2 H) 1.70 (s, 2 H) 2.85 (s, 2 H) 3.44 - 3.51 (m, 2 H) 4.15 - 4.29 (m, 4 H) 4.75 - 4.88 (m, 1 H) 6.53 (s, 1 H) 7.95 (s, 1 H) 8.46 (s, 2 H).
• LRMS 481.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 56 was prepared from Example 55 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS (ESI): 467.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 57 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 4-(methylthio)aniline.
• 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ ppm 1.40 - 1.48 (m, 9 H) 1.54 - 1.62 (m, 2 H) 1.65 - 1.71 (m, 2 H) 2.43 (s, 3 H) 2.84 (s, 2 H) 3.35 - 3.43 (m, 2 H) 4.14 - 4.30 (m, 4 H) 4.74 - 4.82 (m, 1 H) 6.63 (s, 1 H) 7.21 - 7.26 (m, 2 H) 7.51 (d, J 8.80 Hz, 2 H) 8.01 (s, 1 H).
• Example 59 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-methylpyridin-3 -amine.
• LRMS (ESI): 427.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 60 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 4-methylpyridin-3 -amine.
• LRMS (ESI): 427.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 61 was prepared by EtOAc, washed by water and brine, dried over MgSO4, evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by a silica gel flash column, eluted by 0-50%EtOAc/Hexane to yield 44 mg (82 %) of Example 61 as a pale solid.
• Example 62 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 61, with the exception that (S)-butan-2-ol was replaced with (R)-butan-2-ol.
• Example 63 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 26, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-methylpyridin-3 -amine.
• LRMS 441.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 64 was prepared from Example 63 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• Example 26A A reaction mixture of Example 26A (74 mg, 0.2 mmol), 3-hydroxyl-2- methylpyrimidine (26 mg, 0.24 mmol) and K 2 CO3 (33 mg, 0.24 mmol) in 1.5 mL of DMF was heated in a sealed vial in the microwave at 140 0 C for 10 min. The reaction was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (elution with 0-100 EtOAc/hexane) to afford 25 mg (28%) of Example 65 as a pale foam.
• Example 66 was prepared using the same method described above for
• Example 67 was prepared from Example 66 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS 524.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 68 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 32, with the exception that 3-Fluoro-4-(8-(piperidin-4-yl)-7,8-dihydro-6H- pyrimido[5,4-b][l,4]oxazin-4-ylamino)benzonitrile, HCl salt was replaced with 4-(2- chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenylamino)-8-(piperidin-4-yl)-6H-pyrimido[5,4- b][l,4]oxazin-7(8H)-one, HCl salt.
• Example 69 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 26, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 6-methylpyridin-3 -amine.
• LRMS 441.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 70 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 26, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 5-methylpyridin-3-amine.
• LRMS 441.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 71 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 26, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-amine.
• LRMS (ESI): 455.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 72 was prepared from Example 69 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS (ESI): 427.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 73 was prepared from Example 71 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS 441.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 74 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 1 , with the exception that 4-aminophenylmethyl sulfone was replaced with 2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline.
• Example 75 was prepared from Example 74 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LR
• Example 76 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 1 , with the exception that 4-aminophenylmethyl sulfone was replaced with 2-methylpyridin-3 -amine.
• Example 77 was prepared from Example 76 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• Example 78 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 32, with the exception that 3-Fluoro-4-(8-(piperidin-4-yl)-7,8-dihydro-6H- pyrimido[5,4-b][l,4]oxazin-4-ylamino)benzonitrile, HCl salt was replaced with N-(2- methylpyridin-3 -yl)-4-(piperidin-4-yl)-3 ,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-8-amine, HCl salt.
• Example 79 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 1 , with the exception that 4-aminophenylmethyl sulfone was replaced with 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine.
• LRMS 479.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 80 was prepared from Example 79 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• Example 81 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 2, with the exception that 4-aminophenylmethyl sulfone was replaced with 2-methylpyridin-3 -amine.
• Example 82 was prepared from Example 81 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS (ESI): 425.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 83A tert-butyl 4-(4-chloro-7,8-dihydropyrimido[5,4-b][l,4]oxazepin- 9(6H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate
• Example 3B (440 mg, 1.34 mmol) and K2CO3 (555 mg, 4.01 mmol) in DMF (13 ml), l-bromo-3-chloropropane (421 mg, 2.68 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes, and then at 50oC overnight, and then at lOOoC till completion. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc, washed by water and brine, dried over MgS04, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by Flash Column Chromatography (eluted with 0-25% EtOAc/Hexane) to afford 208 mg (42%) of Example 83 A as a pale solid.
• Example 83B was prepared using the same method described above for Example 2OA, with the exception that Example 3 C was replaced with Example 83 A.
• ES + found 355.2
• Example 83 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3, with the exception that Example 3C was replaced with Example 83B.
• Example 84 was prepared from Example 83 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• Example 85 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-methylpyridin-3-amine.
• Example 86 was prepared from Example 85 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS ES
• Example 87 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-amine.
• Example 88 was prepared from Example 87 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS ESI
• Example 89 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine.
• LRMS (ESI): 495.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 90A was prepared from Example 89 using the same method described above for Example 8A.
• Example 90 /s ⁇ -Propyl 4-(4-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-ylamino)-7,8- dihydropyrimido[5,4-b] [l,4]oxazepin-9(6H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate
• Example 90 was prepared from Example 90A using the same method described above for Example 8.
• LRMS 481.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 91 was prepared from Example 90A using the same method described above for Example 31.
• LRMS (ESI): 545.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 93 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 32, with the exception that Example 29A was replaced Example 90A, and 2- chloropyrimidine was replaced with 2-chloro-5-propylpyrimidine.
• Example 94 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 3-aminopyridin-2(lH)-one.
• LRMS ESI
• Example 95 was prepared from Example 94 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• Example 96 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 5-amino-6-methylpicolinonitrile.
• Example 97 was prepared from Example 96 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• Example 98 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 4-methylpyridin-3 -amine.
• LRMS 441.4 [
• Example 99 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-methoxypyridin-3 -amine.
• Example 100 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with pyridin-4-amine.
• LRMS (ESI): 427.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 101 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 3-fluoropyridin-4-amine.
• LRMS ESI
• Example 102 was prepared from Example 101 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS (ESI): 431.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 103 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 3-chloropyridin-4-amine.
• LRMS
• Example 104 was prepared from Example 103 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS ESI
• Example 105 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 3,5-difluoropyridin-4-amine.
• LRMS (ESI): 463.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 106 was prepared from Example 105 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 32.
• LRMS 483.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 107 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 3-methylpyridin-4-amine.
• LRMS ESI
• Example 108 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-methyl-6-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-3-amine.
• Example 109 was prepared from Example 108 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• LRMS (ESI): 505.3 [M + H] + .
• Example 110 was prepared from Example 83A using the same methods described above for Examples 83 and Example 8, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4- (methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-chloropyridin-3 -amine.
• Example 111 was prepared from Example 83A using the same methods described above for Examples 83 and Example 8, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4- (methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-chloro-4-methylpyridin-3 -amine.
• Example 112 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-methyl-6-(l H- l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)pyridin-3 -amine.
• Example 113 was prepared from Example 112 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• Example 114 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 83, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -amine.
• Example 115 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 65, with the exception that Example 26A was replaced with Example 83A.
• Example 116A (1.55 g, 69%) as an oil, which was contaminated with -10% of the (E)-olefin isomer.
• the material was used without further purification.
• Example 116B tert-Butyl 4-(4-chloro-7-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-8(7H)- yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate.
• Example 116B (0.30 g, 16%) as an off-white solid.
• Example 116C t ⁇ rf-Butyl 4-(4-(2-methylpyridin-3-yloxy)-7-oxopyrido[2,3- ⁇ /[pyriinidin-8(7H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate.
• Example 116 Isopropyl 4-(4-(2-methylpyridin-3-yloxy)-7-oxopyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-8(7H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate.
• Example 116 was purified by silica gel chromatography (12 g ISCO cartridge, 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to afford 28 mg (49%) of Example 116 as an off-white solid.
• Example 116 By the procedures described in Example 3 and Example 116, tert-butyl 4- (4-chloro-7-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-8(7H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate from Example 116 B was converted in Example 117.
• Example 118 was purified by flash chromatography (12 g ISCO column, elution with 0- 100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to afford 5 mg (9%) of Example 118 as an off white solid.
• LRMS (ESI): 506.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 119A was purified by silica gel chromatography (40 g ISCO cartridge, 0-100% ethyl acetate/hexane) to afford 0.53 g (36%) of Example 119A as a yellow solid.
• Example 119A was used instead of 2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)aniline, isopropyl 4-(4-chloro- 6H-pyrimido[5,4-b] [ 1 ,4]oxazin-8(7H)-yl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate from Example 2OA was converted into Example 119.
• Example 3 By the procedure described in Example 3, with the exception that 2- methyl-6-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-3 -amine was used instead of 2-fluoro-4- (methylsulfonyl)- aniline, tert-butyl 4-(4-chloro-6H-pyrimido[5,4-b][l,4]oxazin- 8(7H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate from Example 3C was converted into Example 123.
• Example 124 was prepared from Example 123 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• 1 H NMR 500 MHz, CD3OD
• LRMS (ESI): 491.2 [M + H] + .
• Example 125A Isopropyl 4-(4-chloro-7-oxo-6H-pyrimido[5,4-b][l,4]oxazin- 8(7H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate.
• Example 125A was prepared from Example 26A following the procedures described in Example 116. LRMS (ESI): 355.1 [M + H] + .
• Example 125 was Purged for 2 min with stream of argon, stirred in sealed vial at 110 0 C for 18 h.
• the reaction was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered through a pad of silica gel and concentrated in vacuo to afford an oil.
• the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (12 g ISCO cartridge, 0-80% ethyl acetate/hexane) to afford 8 mg (17%) of Example 125 as a pale yellow solid.
• Example 126 was prepared from Example 125A following the procedure described in Example 125, with the exception that 2-methyl-6-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l- yl)pyridin-3 -amine was used instead of 2-methyl-6-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-3 -amine.
• Example 126 was prepared from Example 125A following the procedure described in Example 125, with the exception that 2-chloropyridin-3 -amine was used instead of 2-methyl-6-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-3-amine.
• LRMS ESI
• Examples 128 to 138 were prepared from isopropyl 4-(4-chloro-6H- pyrimido[5,4-b][l,4]oxazin-8(7H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate from Example 2OA in library format by the following procedure.
• the required aniline reagents (1.0 eq) were weighed directly into 0.5 - 2 mL BIOTAGE microwave vials.
• Example 139 was prepared from Example 8 A following the procedure described in Example 17, except that 2-chlorobenzo[ ⁇ T
• Example 140 was prepared from Example 8 A following a procedure similar to that described in Example 17, except that 2-chlorobenzo[t/]oxazole was replaced with 2-chloro-4-methylpyrimidine.
• Example 141 was prepared from Example 8A following a procedure similar to that described in Example 17, except that 2-chlorobenzo[ ⁇ i]oxazole was replaced with 2-chloro-5-ethylpyrimidine.
• Example 142A l,l,l-Trifluoropropan-2-yl chloroformate
• a mixture of l,l,l-trifluoro-2-propanol (114.1 mg, 1.0 mmol, Matrix Scientific) and triphosgene (98 mg, 0.33 mmol, Aldrich) in ethyl ether (10 mL) at -40 0 C was added pyridine (80 ⁇ L, 1.0 mmol, EMD) in ethyl ether (1.0 mL) dropwise.
• the reaction mixture was warmed to 0 0 C and stirred for 6 h.
• the flask containing the above reaction mixture was put into a refrigerator overnight and then filtered.
• the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo in ice both to give a colorless oil which was used directly in the next step.
• Example 142 l,l,l-Trifluoropropan-2-yl 4-(4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenylamino)- 6H-pyrimido[5,4-b] [l,4]oxazin-8(7H)-yl)piperidine-l-carboxylate [00301] To a suspension of N-(2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-8-(piperidin-4- yl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-pyrimido[5,4-b][l,4]oxazin-4-amine hydrochloric acid salt from Example 8A (35.5 mg, 0.08 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (1.5 mL) was added DIEP (70 ⁇ L, 0.40 mmol, Aldrich) followed by addition of l,l,l-trifluoropropan-2-yl chloroformate (1/3 of the material from Step A, 0.33 mmol) in CH 2
• Example 143 was prepared according to procedures described in Example 142 with substitution of 2-(trifluoromethyl)propan-2-ol for l,l,l-trifluoro-2-propanol. The title compound was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0-100% EtOAc/hexane). 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ).
• Example 144 was prepared according to procedures described in Example 142 with substitution of l,3-difluoro-2-methylpropan-2-ol for l,l,l-trifluoro-2- propanol. The title compound was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (0- 100% EtOAc/hexane). 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ).
• Example 145 was prepared according to procedures described in Example 142 with substitution of 2,2,2-trifmoroethanol for l,l,l-trifluoro-2-propanol.
• 1 H NMR 500 MHz, CDCl 3 ).
• ⁇ IH NMR 500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) ⁇ 8.95 (brs, 1 H), 8.19 - 8.29 (m, 1 H), 8.15 (s, 1 H), 7.63 - 7.75 (m, 2 H), 4.81 - 4.96 (m, 1 H), 4.51- 4.62 (m,
• Example 146 was prepared according to procedures described in Example 142 with substitution of ( ⁇ )-2-butanol for l,l,l-trifluoro-2-propanol.
• Example 147 was prepared according to procedures described in Example 142 with substitution of l-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-ol for 1,1,1- trifluoro-2-propanol.
• Example 149A 3-Methoxyphenyl 4-nitrophenyl carbonate [00308] To a solution of 3-methoxyphenol (0.11 mL, 1.0 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (4.0 mL) was added DIEA (0.21 mL, 1.2 mmol) followed by addition of 4-nitrophenyl chloro formate (241.8 mg, 1.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 and washed with saturated NaHC ⁇ 3 solution, saturated NH 4 Cl solution and brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO 4 ) and evaporated under the reduced pressure to give the desired product (0.294 g) as a yellow solid which was used directly in the next step. MS (ESI) 290 (M+H)+.
• Example 150 (6 mg, 0.012 mmol, 11.06 % yield) as a pale solid.
• Example 151 was prepared from Example 3C by the procedure described in Example 150, with the exception that 2,4-dichloropyridin-3 -amine was replaced by 2,6-dichloropyridin-3-amine.
• LRMS 481.1 (M+H)+.
• Example 152A The mixture of Example 152A (3.80 g, 24.34 mmol) and N,N- Diethylamide (1.5 mL, 24.34 mmol) in POC13 (20 ml, 215 mmol) was heated under microwave irradiation at 100 0 C for 60 minutes. The reaction was filtered and the liquid was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by a silica gel flash column and eluted by 0-30% EtOAc/Hexane to afford Example 152B (2.24 g, 11.60 mmol, 47.7 % yield) as a needle-like crystal.
• 1 H NMR 500 MHz, CD 3 OD
• Example 152C was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3A, with the exception that 4,6-dichloro-5-methoxypyrimidine was replaced with Example 152B.
• 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ): ⁇ 1.43 (s, 9 H) 1.90 - 2.04 (m, 2 H) 2.41 (s, 3 H) 2.89 (s, 2 H) 3.77 (s, 3 H) 3.98 - 4.16 (m, 4 H) 5.15 (d, J 8.25 Hz, 1 H).
• Example 152D tert-Butyl 4-(6-chloro-5-hydroxy-2-methylpyrimidin-4- ylamino)piperidine-l-carboxylate
• Example 152D was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3B, with the exception that Example 3A was replaced with Example 152C.
• Example 152E was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3 C, with the exception that Example 3B was replaced with Example 152D.
• Example 152 was prepared using the same method described above for Example 3, with the exception that Example 3C was replaced with Example 152E.
• EXAMPLE 153 EXAMPLE 153
• Example 153 was prepared from Example 152 using the methods described in Examples 8A and 8.
• Example 154 was prepared from Example 3 C using the same method described above for Example 3, with the exception that 2-fluoro-4- (methylsulfonyl)aniline was replaced with 2-chloro-4-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)aniline from Example 154A.

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