WO2008122190A1 - Composition comprenant de la l-carnitine ou ses dérivés et son utilisation - Google Patents

Composition comprenant de la l-carnitine ou ses dérivés et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008122190A1
WO2008122190A1 PCT/CN2008/000476 CN2008000476W WO2008122190A1 WO 2008122190 A1 WO2008122190 A1 WO 2008122190A1 CN 2008000476 W CN2008000476 W CN 2008000476W WO 2008122190 A1 WO2008122190 A1 WO 2008122190A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carnitine
hyperuricemia
uric acid
medicament
pharmaceutically acceptable
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PCT/CN2008/000476
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Juan Du
Lihua Zhang
Juntian Chen
Changlin Mei
Shuhua Gu
Rong Fan
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Changzhou Hi-Tech District Multiple Dimension Industry Technology Institute Co., Ltd
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Priority to EP08714929A priority Critical patent/EP2147671A4/en
Publication of WO2008122190A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008122190A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/205Amine addition salts of organic acids; Inner quaternary ammonium salts, e.g. betaine, carnitine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/22Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
    • A61K31/221Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin with compounds having an amino group, e.g. acetylcholine, acetylcarnitine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/06Antigout agents, e.g. antihyperuricemic or uricosuric agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising L-carnitine or a derivative thereof and use thereof, in particular to the use of L-carnitine or a derivative thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of hyperuricemia and related diseases .
  • Hyperuricemia refers to male: blood uric acid (SUA) > 420 let ol / L, female: SUA > 360mmol / L) I ⁇ and gout is a disease caused by sputum metabolism disorder, the activity of enzymes involved in sputum metabolism Excessive uric acid production due to congenital or acquired defects, uric acid excretion too little, or both, so that plasma uric acid concentration exceeds saturation limit; blood urate precipitates in joints, kidneys and connective tissue, causing gout attacks .
  • the natural course and clinical manifestations of gout can be divided into: 1. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia 2. Acute gouty arthritis episode 3. Gout interval interval 4. Chronic tophus joint period.
  • hyperuricemia was significantly associated with blood glucose, obesity, etc., and was a cause and effect; it was also significantly associated with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and smoking.
  • Clinical treatment mainly achieves four purposes: 1. Stop the onset of acute arthritis as soon as possible; 2. Prevent the recurrence of arthritis; 3. Correct the hyperuricemia, prevent complications caused by urate deposition in the kidneys, joints, etc.; Prevention and treatment of uric acid kidney stones.
  • Urinary acid drugs (inhibiting the reabsorption of uric acid by the renal tubules and causing uric acid) are commonly used: (1) carboxybenzenesulfonamide; (2) sulfinpyrazone; (3) benzbromarone.
  • oral sodium bicarbonate should be taken 3-5 g per day to alkalinize the urine, and the amount of the solution is kept above 2000 ml, and the uric acid is excluded.
  • the two groups of drugs have no anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and in use, mobilize uric acid into the blood circulation, which may induce the onset of acute arthritis, and therefore should not be applied in the acute phase.
  • it is often determined according to the patient's renal function and 24-hour uric acid excretion.
  • the amount of uric acid excluded per sputum is less than 4. 8mm 0 l / ⁇ (800mg / day), the choice of uric acid; in renal dysfunction And each uric acid excretion is higher than 4. 8mmol / day, the choice of inhibition of uric acid synthetic drugs; in patients with increased blood uric acid, that is, a large amount of tophi, or both.
  • uric acid drugs can cause deposition of urate crystals in the urinary tract, causing renal colic and renal function. Damage; uricase inhibitor allopurinol also has myelosuppression, liver damage, toxic side effects of the skin. Therefore, it is necessary to find a pharmaceutical composition which is effective for treating hyperuricemia and related diseases and which is relatively safe. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition which is effective for treating hyperuricemia and related diseases and which has low toxicity.
  • the pharmaceutical composition contains L-carnitine or a derivative thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for treating an effective amount of hyperuricemia and related diseases.
  • the L-carnitine derivative in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of acetyl L-carnitine, propionyl L-carnitine, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of L-carnitine. Preference is given to L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine and the salts which they can be used for. L-carnitine and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts are particularly preferred.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts described in the present invention include: hydrochloride, hydrobromide, iodide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, acetate, maleate, fumarate, Sulfate, citrate, oxalate, succinate, tartrate, malate, mandelate, trifluoroacetate, pantothenate, methanesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate.
  • the hyperuricemia described in the present invention refers to hyperuricemia caused by various causes, including primary hyperuricemia and secondary hyperuricemia.
  • a particularly preferred example of the hyperuricemia-related disease described in the present invention is gout.
  • the main content of the present invention is to utilize the fatty acid metabolism regulating action mechanism of L-carnitine and its derivatives.
  • System used to treat hyperuricemia (gout), which has been increasing in recent years, to overcome the current non-pathogenic targeting of symptomatic treatment of hyperuricemia.
  • Urinary acid drugs should not be used in the acute phase, and allopurinol is toxic. Shortcomings such as side effects provide a better choice for radical treatment of hyperuricemia. ''
  • L-carnitine and its derivatives are well-known compounds and have been clinically used to treat carnitine deficiency caused by various causes. It is a recognized safety substance in the United States, and it is also listed as a national standard in foods and medicines in China.
  • the oral dose is l-3g/day; the injection dose is 50-300mg/kg, and the safety is good.
  • L-carnitine and its derivatives have a good therapeutic effect in the treatment of hyperuricemia. Moreover, they are recognized as safe substances and are safe and effective in clinical applications, opening up new medicinal uses.
  • Example 2 Combining the phenomena of Example 1 and Example 2, suggesting that L-carnitine may improve the blood uric acid level in hyperuricemia model mice by regulating the metabolism, which may be the cause of hyperuricemia. Correction on the disorder has the effect of lowering blood uric acid.
  • hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder secondary to the body, it is also a risk factor for the vital organs of the body such as cardiovascular. Therefore, when the metabolic disorder occurs, the circulating fatty acid level of the body is increased, and the glucose transporter is reduced and the insulin receptor is down-regulated, and the energy metabolism of important organs such as the myocardium is disordered; the body consumes a large amount of endogenous carnitine in order to regulate the balance.
  • exogenous supplementation of L-carnitine promotes fatty acid-oxidation, regulates mitochondrial acyl ratio, excretes excess or irrational acyl groups in the body, eliminates metabolic toxicity caused by acyl accumulation in the body; promotes oxidation of acetoacetate, in ketone bodies It plays a role in the elimination and utilization; it prevents the toxicity of excessive ammonia in animals, and can be used as a biological antioxidant to scavenge free radicals, maintain membrane stability, improve animal immunity and resistance to disease and stress, etc.
  • the role of uric acidemia The role of uric acidemia.
  • compositions of the present invention may be administered alone or preferably in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent, and administered to mammals, including humans, according to standard pharmaceutical practice. Therefore, in another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical preparation for treating hyperuricemia comprising the above-mentioned L-carnitine or a derivative thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient and one or more A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally.
  • Parenteral administration mainly includes intravenous administration forms such as injections for injection and freeze-dried powders.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention may be in a form suitable for oral use such as a tablet, a sustained release tablet, a capsule, a solution, a suspension or a syrup; preferably a solution, a suspension, a syrup, a tablet and a capsule.
  • compositions of the present invention for oral use can be prepared according to any of the known methods for preparing oral pharmaceutical compositions in the art, and such compositions may comprise one or more materials selected from the group consisting of: sweeteners, corrections Flavoring agents, colorants and preservatives to provide a pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparation.
  • Tablets contain the active component in admixture with a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipient suitable for the preparation of tablets.
  • excipients may be: inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents such as microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, corn starch or alginic acid a binder such as starch, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone or gum arabic; and a lubricant such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.
  • inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate
  • granulating and disintegrating agents such as microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, corn starch or alginic acid a binder such as starch, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone or gum arabic
  • a lubricant
  • the tablets may be uncoated or may be coated by techniques well known in the art to mask the unpleasant taste of the drug or delay its disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, and thus over a longer period of time. Maintain a sustained role within.
  • a water soluble taste masking material such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or hydroxypropylcellulose or a time delay material such as ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate may be used.
  • the oral preparation of the present invention may also be provided in a hard gelatin capsule, wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and kaolin, or in a soft gelatin capsule, wherein the active ingredient is mixed with a water-soluble carrier such as polyethylene
  • an inert solid diluent such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and kaolin
  • a water-soluble carrier such as polyethylene
  • the diol or oily medium such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil is mixed.
  • the oral liquid of the present invention contains an active substance and an excipient or dispersant suitable for preparing an aqueous suspension mixed therewith.
  • the excipients include: suspensions such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sassafras gum and gum arabic.
  • the dispersing agent may be a natural phospholipid such as lecithin, or a condensation product of an alkylene oxide and a fatty acid, such as polyoxyethylene stearate, or a condensation product of an alkylene oxide with a long-chain aliphatic alcohol such as heptaethylene.
  • the aqueous suspensions of the present invention may also contain one or more preservatives such as ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate or n-propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents. , and one One or more sweeteners such as sucrose, saccharin or aspartame.
  • the syrup of the present invention can be formulated with a sweetener such as glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose.
  • a sweetener such as glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose.
  • Such formulations may also contain buffers, preservatives, flavoring and coloring agents, and antioxidants.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention may be a sterile injectable aqueous solution or a lyophilized powder in the form of an injection.
  • Carriers or solvents which may be used include water, Ringer's solution, isotonic sodium chloride solution, hydrochloric acid, hydrolyzed gelatin, mannitol, calcium gluconate and the like.
  • the dosage is usually determined by the prescribing physician, and the dosage generally varies depending on the age, weight, sex and reaction of the individual patient and the severity of the patient's symptoms.
  • the dosage for administration in an adult is from 1 to 500 mg of active ingredient per kg of body weight per day, preferably from 5 to 300 mg of active ingredient per kg of body weight per day, particularly preferably from 10 to 200 mg of active ingredient per kg of body weight per day.
  • Example 1 Effect of L-carnitine on blood uric acid value in hyperuricemia model of Kunming mice
  • mice 50 healthy Kunming mice (18-22 g, male) were randomly divided into normal control, model control and L-carnitine low dose (250 mg/kg), medium dose (500 mg/kg) and high dose (1000 mg/kg). ) group.
  • the mode of administration was intraperitoneal injection (ip). Due to the solubility of the molding agent, the solvent of the test was 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-2Na), and the normal control group was an equal volume of CMC. - 2Na, the injection dose was adjusted to 0.
  • CMC-2Na sodium carboxymethylcellulose
  • Model control group 1 10 211. 7 ⁇ 63. 36 ⁇ 0. 01 * Left card low dose group 250 mg / kg 10 140. 6 ⁇ 51. 55 ⁇ 0. 01 # Left card medium dose group 500 mg / kg 10 130. 1 ⁇ 34. 8 ⁇ 0. 01 # Left card high dose group 1000mg/kg 10 131. 7 ⁇ 24. 79 ⁇ 0. 01
  • L-carnitine group ⁇ 300mg/kg 10 76. 9 ⁇ 30. 77 ⁇ 0. 05 #
  • Example 8 L-carnitine granules (1000 bags)

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Description

含左卡尼汀或其衍生物的药物组合物及其用途
技术领域
本发明涉及含左卡尼汀或其衍生物的药物组合物和其用途, 具体地说, 涉及左卡尼汀或其衍生物用于制备治疗高尿酸血症及有关疾病的药物组合物 的用途。 背景技术
高尿酸血症(是指男: 血尿酸(SUA ) > 420讓 ol/L, 女: SUA > 360mmol/L ) I ^及痛风是嘌呤代谢紊乱所致的疾病, 嘌呤代谢中有关酶的活性的先天性或 后天性缺陷导致的尿酸生成过多, 尿酸排出过少, 或二者兼有之, 使血浆尿 酸浓度超过饱和限度; 血尿酸盐在关节, 肾及结締组织析出结晶, 引起痛风 发作。 痛风的自然病程及临床表现可分为: 1.无症状高尿酸血症期 2.急性痛 风性关节炎发作期 3.痛风发作间隙期 4.慢性痛风石性关节期。
临床上原发性高尿酸血症较少见, 近年来由于营养条件改善, 平均寿命 延长, 以及对本病的注意等因素发病率逐年升高。 患病率随年龄渐增, 多见 于男性, 女性较少发病, 多发生在绝经期以后。 囯外报告不少病例有阳性家 族史, 多数常染色体阴性遗传。 脑力劳动者及经济条件良好的阶层发病较多; 危险因素分析显示, 女性高尿酸血症与年龄, 体重指数(BMI ), 血肌苷, 血 沉相关, 与胆固醇, 甘油三酯(TG )无关; 男性血尿酸水平与 BMI,肌苷显著 相关。 在西班牙的流行病学报道显示, 随着年龄的增加, 高尿酸血症患者伴 发心血管疾病等其他危险因素的发生率也增高。 多因素回归分析结果提示, 高尿酸血症与血糖, 肥胖等显著相关, 互为因果; 而且与高胆固醇血症, 高 血压以及吸烟也显著相关。
无论原发性或继发性, 除少数由于药物引起者可停用外, 大多缺乏病因 治疗, 因此不能根治。 临床治疗主要达到四个目的: 1.尽快终止急性关节炎 发作; 2.防止关节炎复发; 3.纠正高尿酸血症, 防治尿酸盐沉积于肾脏, 关 节等所引起的并发症; 4.防治尿酸肾结石形成。
痛风性关节炎治疗: 1)急性发作期: 秋水仙碱, 非甾体类抗炎药及促皮 质激素 (ACTH )及泼尼松; 2)降低血尿酸药物: 包括促进尿酸排泄和抑制尿 酸合成两组药。 排尿酸药物(抑制肾小管对尿酸的再吸收而致排尿酸作用)常用的有: (1) 羧苯磺胺; (2)磺吡酮; (3)苯溴马龙。 在服排尿酸药物期间, 须口服碳酸氢 钠每日 3- 6g , 以碱化尿液, 保持入液量在 2000ml以上, 以利尿酸排除。
抑制尿酸合成药: 目前为止只有别嘌呤醇 (能抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶, 使次 黄嘌呤及黄嘌呤不能转化为尿酸)。
此两组药物无消炎止痛作用, 且在使用中有动员尿酸进入血液循环, 诱 发急性关节炎发作的可能, 因此不宜在急性期应用。 在临床选药时, 常根据 患者的肾功能及 24 小时尿酸排除量决定, 每曰排除尿酸量低于 4. 8mm0l/曰 ( 800mg/日 ) 者, 选用排尿酸药; 在腎功能减退及每曰尿酸排除量高于 4. 8mmol /日, 选用抑制尿酸合成药; 在血尿酸增高明显即痛风石大量沉积的 病人, 也可两者合用。
但是, 上述治疗措施都不是病因性治疗, 防治高尿酸血症的药物都有这 样或那样的毒副作用, 例如排尿酸药物能引起尿酸盐晶体在尿路的沉积,引发 肾绞痛和肾功能损害; 尿酸酶抑制剂别嘌呤醇还有骨髓抑制, 肝损害, 皮肤 的毒副作用等。 因此有必要寻找一种能够有效治疗高尿酸血症及有关疾病并 且相对比较安全的药物组合物。 发明内容
本发明提供了一种能够有效治疗高尿酸血症及有关疾病, 并且具有很低 毒性的药物组合物。 所述药物组合物含有治疗高尿酸血症及其有关疾病有效 量的左卡尼汀或其衍生物及可药的用载体。
本发明药物组合物中的左卡尼汀衍生物选自乙酰左卡尼汀、 丙酰左卡尼 汀、 及它们可药用的盐和左卡尼汀可药用的盐。 优选左卡尼汀、 乙酰左卡尼 汀和它们可 ¾用的盐。 特别优选左卡尼汀及其可药用的盐。
本发明中所述的可药用的盐包括: 盐酸盐、 溴氢酸盐、 碘氢酸盐、 硫酸 盐、 硝酸盐、 磷酸盐、 乙酸盐、 马来酸盐、 富马酸盐、 枸缘酸盐、 柠檬酸盐、 草酸盐、 琥珀酸盐、 酒石酸盐、 苹果酸盐、 扁桃酸盐、 三氟乙酸盐、 泛酸盐、 甲磺酸盐和对甲苯磺酸盐。
本发明中所述的高尿酸血症是指各种原因引起的高尿酸血症, 包括原发 性高尿酸血症和继发性高尿酸血症。
本发明中所述的高尿酸血症有关疾病的特别优选的实例是痛风。
本发明主要内容是利用左卡尼汀及其衍生物的脂肪酸代谢调节作用机 制, 应用于治疗近来发病率逐年升高的高尿酸血症(痛风), 克服目前临床对 于高尿酸血症的对症治疗的非病因针对性, 排尿酸药物在急性期不宜使用, 别嘌呤醇有毒副作用等缺点, 为从根本上治疗高尿酸血症提供一个更好的选 择。 ' '
左卡尼汀及其衍生物均为公知化合物, 在临床上已经应用于治疗各种原 因导致的肉碱缺乏。 是美国 FDA公认的安全物质, 在我国左卡尼汀也作为食 品和药品被列入国家标准。 口服剂量 l-3g/日; 注射剂量 50-300mg/kg, 安 全性都较好。
本发明的研究者通过动物试验意外发现: 左卡尼汀及其衍生物在治疗高 尿酸血症方面, 有良好的疗效。 而且它们又是公认的安全物质, 在临床应用 上具有安全有效的特点, 开辟了它们新的药用用途。
我们釆用尿酸酶抑制剂氧嗪酸钾作为造模剂来诱导昆明种小鼠使其产生 高尿酸血症, 再给予左卡尼汀来观察左卡尼汀的.新的药理学作用 (详见实施 例 1 )。 .
试验结果表明: 在血尿酸值接近正常水平时(如中剂量组的血尿酸值), 左卡尼汀的剂量增加也不能改变尿酸水平 (另有降低左卡给药剂量得到同样 的结果, 未显示), 且这个结果在实施例 2中也得到证实。
综合实施例 1和实施例 2的现象, 提示左卡尼汀可能是通过对代谢的调 节作用而改善高尿酸血症模型小鼠的血尿酸水平, 可能是对高尿酸血症的原 因 __代谢紊乱上的纠正而具有降血尿酸作用。
事实上,.运用我们已经知道的药理和生化知识, 由于高尿酸血症是继发 于机体的代谢紊乱, 又是促使机体的重要器官如心血管意夕卜的危险因子。 因 此, 代谢紊乱时机体循环脂肪酸水平升高, 加上葡萄糖转运子的减少和胰岛 素受体的下调, 心肌等重要脏器的能量代谢紊乱; 机体为了调节平衡, 大量 的内源性肉碱消耗。 因此, 外源性补充左旋肉碱通过促进脂肪酸-氧化, 调节 线粒体内酰基比率, 排出体内过量或非理性酰基团, 消除机体因酰基积累而 造成的代谢毒性; 促进乙酰乙酸的氧化, 在酮体的消除和利用中发挥作用; 防止动物体内过量氨产生的毒性, 可作为生物抗氧化剂清除自由基, 维持膜 的稳定性, 提高动物的免疫力及抗病抗应激的能力等而达到治疗高尿酸血症 的作用。
本发明的药物组合物可单独或优选与可药用载体、 赋形剂或稀释剂混合, 依据标准的药学规范给药与哺乳动物, 包括人类。 因此, 本发明的另一方面, 提供了一种治疗高尿酸血症的药物制剂, 它 含有上述的左卡尼汀或其衍生物或其可药用的盐作为活性成分和一种或多种 可药用载体。
本发明的药物制剂可口服给药或肠胃外给药。 肠胃外给药主要包括静脉 注射给药形式, 例如注射用针剂以及冻干粉针。
本发明的药物制剂可以呈适于口服使用的形式, 例如片剂、 缓释片、 胶 囊剂、 溶液、 混悬液或糖浆剂; 优选溶液、 混悬液、 糖浆、 片剂和胶囊剂。
用于口服使用的本发明制剂可依据本领域用于制备口服药物组合物的任 何已知方法制得, 并且这样的组合物可包含一种或多种选自下列的物质: 甜 味剂、 矫味剂、 着色剂和防腐剂, 以提供药学美观和适口的制剂。
片剂含有活性组分以及与其混合的适于制备片剂的无毒的药学上可接受 的赋形剂.。 这些赋形剂可以是: 惰性稀释剂如碳酸钙、 碳酸钠、 乳糖、 磷酸 钙或磷酸钠; 制粒剂和崩解剂例如微晶纤维素、 羧甲基纤维素钠、 玉米淀粉 或藻酸; 粘合剂例如淀粉、 明胶、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或阿拉伯树胶; 和润滑剂 例如硬脂酸镁、 硬脂酸或滑石粉。
片剂可以是未包衣的或者可通过本领域公知的技术将其包衣以掩蔽药物 的令人不愉快的味道或者延迟其在胃肠道的崩解和吸收, 以及由此在更长的 时间内维持持续的作用。 例如, 可使用水溶性味道掩蔽材料例如羟丙基甲基 纤维素或羟丙基纤维素或者时间延迟材料例如乙基纤维素、 乙酸丁酸纤维素。
. 本发明的口服制剂还可以以硬明胶胶囊提供, 其中活性组分与惰性固体 稀释剂例如碳酸钙、 磷酸钙和高岭土混合, 或以软明胶胶囊提供, 其中活性 成分与水溶性载体例如聚乙二醇或油性介质例如花生油、 液体石蜡或橄榄油 混合。
本'发明的口服液含有活性物质以及与其混合的适于制备水混悬液的赋形 剂或分散剂。 所述的赋形剂包括: 混悬剂例如羧甲基纤维素钠、 甲基纤维素、 羟丙基甲基纤维素、 藻酸钠、 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 黄蓍树胶和阿拉伯树胶。 所 述的分散剂可以是天然磷脂例如卵磷脂、 或烯化氧与脂肪酸的缩合产物, 例 如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯, 或烯化氧与长链脂族醇的缩合产物例如十七乙稀氧基 鲸蜡醇, 或者烯化氧与衍生自脂肪和和己糖醇的偏酯的缩合产物, 例如聚氧 乙烷山梨糖醇单油酸酯。
本发明的水混悬液还可以含有一种或多种防腐剂例如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯 或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯, 一种或多种能够着色剂, 一种或多种矫味剂, 和一 种或多种甜味剂例如蔗糖、 糖精或天冬甜素。
本发明的糖浆剂可以用甜味剂例如甘油、 丙二醇、 山梨糖醇或蔗糖配制。 这样的制剂还可包含缓冲剂、 防腐剂、 矫味剂和着色剂以及抗氧剂。
本发明的药物制剂可以是注射给药形式的无菌注射水溶液或者冻干粉针 的。 可使用的载体或溶剂包括水、 林格溶液、 等渗氯化钠溶液、 盐酸、 水解 明胶、 甘露醇、 葡萄糖酸钙等。 '
当把.本发明的药物制剂对人体给药时, 曰.剂量通常由处方医师决定, 并 且剂量一般随个体患者的年龄、 体重、 性别和反应以及患者症状的严重程度 而变。通常,成人给药剂量为 l-500mg活性成分 /kg体重每天,优选为 5- 300mg 活性成分 /kg体重每天, 特别优选 10-200mg活性成分 /kg体重每天。
下面的实施例仅仅用于进一步解释本发明, 而不是对本发明范围的限制。 具体实施方.式
下面的实施例仅仅用于进一步解释本发明, 而不是对本发明范围的限制。 实施例 1 左卡尼汀对昆明种小鼠高尿酸血症模型血尿酸值的影响
健康昆明种小鼠 50只 (18- 22克, 雄性) 随机分为正常对照, 模型对照 及左卡尼汀小剂量( 250mg/kg ), 中剂量( 500mg/kg )及大剂量( 1000mg/kg ) 组。 给药方式为腹腔注射(ip ), 由于造模剂的溶解度问题, 本次试验的溶剂 均为 0. 5%羧甲基纤维素钠 ( CMC-2Na ), 正常对照组为 ip等体积的 CMC- 2Na, 注射剂量调正为 0. lml/10go 给药 1小时后采取摘眼球取血, 室温下静置 1小 时以上, 离心 4,000rpm/min 10分钟, 取上清送测血尿酸。 实验结果见表一。 表一 左卡尼汀对高尿酸血症模型小鼠血尿酸值的影响 分组 剂量 . 动物数 血尿酸值 X士 SD P值
正常对照 1 10 128. 3 ± 25. 87 1
模型对照组 1 10 211. 7 ± 63. 36 < 0. 01 * 左卡小剂量组 250mg/kg 10 140. 6 ± 51. 55 < 0. 01 # 左卡中剂量组 500mg/kg 10 130. 1 ± 34. 8 < 0. 01 # 左卡大剂量组 1000mg/kg 10 131. 7 ± 24. 79 < 0. 01
* 表示与正常对照组比较; #表示与模型对照组比较 结果显示, 左卡尼汀剂量从 250- 1000mg/kg均能显著降低模型组的血尿 酸水平。 实施例 2 左卡尼汀对正常小鼠血尿酸值的影响
健康昆明种小鼠 30只 (18- 22克, 雄性) 随机分为正常对照, 模型对照 及左卡尼汀组 ( 300nig/kg )。 给药方式为腹腔注射 (ip ), 由于造模剂的溶解 度问题, 本次试验的溶剂均为 0. 5%羧甲基纤维素钠 (CMC-2Na ), 正常对照组 为 ip等体积的 CMC- 2Na, 注射剂量调正为 0. lml八 0g。 实验结果见表二。
表二. 左卡尼汀对正常小鼠血尿酸值的影响 分组 剂量 动物数 血尿酸值 X土 SD P值
正常对照组 / 10 58. 0 ± 44. 0 1
模型对照组 / 10 109. 11 ± 43. 82 1
左卡尼汀组 \ 300mg/kg 10 76. 9 ± 30. 77 〉0. 05 #
# 与正常对照组比较
以上结果显示左卡尼汀对正常小鼠血尿酸值无显著影响。
以上两个实验结果显示, 左卡尼汀能够降低高尿酸血症模型小鼠的血尿 酸值, 但对正常血尿酸值并无明显作用。 实施例 3 : 左卡尼汀口服溶液
处方: 左卡尼汀 200 g
对羟基苯甲酸乙酯 lg
蒸馏水 适量至 1000ml
工艺: 取左卡尼汀、 对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯、 加蒸馏水 100 ml
水至 ίθΟΟ ml即得。 实施例 4: 左卡尼汀糖浆
处方: 左卡尼汀 200g
蒸馏水 15ml
单糖浆 加至 1000ml
工艺: 取左卡尼汀溶于蒸馏水中, 加单糖浆至全量, 即得。 实施例 5: 左卡尼汀注射 ¾
处方: 左卡尼汀 200g
盐酸(PH调节剂 ) 20g
注射用水 加至 1000ml
工艺: 在制备容器中, 加处方量 80%得注射用水, 加.左卡尼汀溶解后, 调节 药液 PH6.0~6.2, 注射用水至全量, 再加入 0.15%活性炭脱色, 过滤至澄明, 用垂熔玻璃滤器与膜滤器过滤, 并在氮气气流下灌封, 最后于 10(TC流通蒸汽 15min灭菌, 即得。 实施例 6: 左卡尼汀输液
处方: 左卡尼汀 200g
盐酸 50g
注射用水 加至 1000 ml
工艺: 取约 800 ml热注射用水, 按处方量投入左卡尼汀、 搅拌使全溶, 并用 10%盐酸调 PH至 6.0左右, 加注射用水适量, 再加入 0.15%活性炭脱色, 过 滤至澄明,灌封于 200 mL输液瓶内,充氮气,加塞, 轧盖,于 100°C灭菌 30min 即可。 实施例 7: 注射用左卡尼汀无菌冻干制剂
处方: 左卡尼汀 2g
盐酸 50mg
. 水解明胶(填充剂) 5ml
甘露醇.(填充剂) 10mg
葡萄糖酸钙 (填充剂) lmg
半胱氨酸(稳定剂) 0.5mg
工艺: 将上述各成分用适量注射水溶解后, 无菌过滤, 灌装于安瓿中, 每支 5ml, 冷冻干燥后封口, 漏气检查即得。 实施例 8: 左卡尼汀颗粒剂 (千袋量)
处方: 左卡尼汀 300g
PVP 30 10g
交联 PVP 15g 50g
50g
柠蔗乳 Og
樣糖糖
工艺: 将左卡酸 . 尼汀、 过 80目筛, 与乳糖、 蔗糖混匀, 加 PVP K30浆制成软材, 用 14目筛制粒后, 置 7(TC ~ 8(TC干燥后于 12目筛整粒, 加入交联 PVP和柠 檬酸混匀后, 装袋即可。 实施例 9: 左卡尼汀片
处方: 左卡尼汀 330g
淀粉 40g
10 %淀粉浆 24g
干淀粉 23g
硬脂酸镁 3g
制成 1000片
工艺: 将左卡尼汀过 80 目筛, 与淀粉混匀, 加淀粉浆制成软材, 用 14 目筛 制粒后,置 70 °C ~ 8 (TC干燥后于 12目筛整粒,加入干淀粉及硬脂酸镁混匀后, 压片, 即得。 ' 实施例 10: 左卡尼汀缓释片
处方: 左卡尼汀 500g
枸櫞酸 10g
乙基纤维素 220g
乳糖 80g
硬脂酸镁 20g
工艺: 将左卡尼汀、 乳糖与乙基纤维素混匀, 枸橼酸溶于乙醇中作润湿剂制 成软材, 制粒, 干燥, 整粒, 加硬脂酸镁混匀, 压片即得。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 左卡尼汀或其衍生物在制备治疗高尿酸血症及其有关疾病的药物中的用 途。
2. 权利要求 1的用途, 其中所述左卡尼汀衍生物选自乙酰左卡尼汀、 丙酰左 卡尼汀、 及它们可药用的盐和左卡尼汀可药用的盐。
3. 权利要求 2的用途, 其中所述可药用的盐包括盐酸盐、 溴氢酸盐、 碘氢酸 盐、 硫酸盐、 硝酸盐、 磷酸盐、 乙酸盐、 马来酸盐、 富马酸盐、 枸缘酸盐、 柠檬酸盐、 草酸盐、 琥珀酸盐、 酒石酸盐、 苹果酸盐、 扁桃酸盐、 三氟乙 酸盐、 泛酸盐、 甲磺酸盐和对甲苯磺酸盐。
4. 权利要求 1的用途, 其中所述的高尿酸血症是原发性高尿酸血症。
5. 权利要求 1的用途, 其中所述的高尿酸血症是继发性高尿酸血症。
6. 权利要求 1的用途, 其中所述的高尿酸血症有关疾病是痛风。
7. 权利要求 1的用途,其中所述的药物是口服剂型、注射用针剂或冻干粉针。
8. 权利要求 7的用途, 其中所述的口服剂型选自溶液、 混悬液、 糖浆、 片剂 和胶囊剂。
9. 权利要求 1 - 8任一权利要求的用途, 其中所述药物的用量为每天 l-500mg 活性成分 /kg体重。
10.权利要求 9的用途, 其中所述药物的用量为每天 5-300mg活性成分 /kg体 重。
11.权利要求 10的用途, 其中所述药物的用量为每天 10-200mg活性成分 /kg 体重。
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CN101278928B (zh) 2011-09-07
US7834056B2 (en) 2010-11-16

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