WO2008077391A1 - Brennstoffzelle - Google Patents
Brennstoffzelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008077391A1 WO2008077391A1 PCT/DE2007/002305 DE2007002305W WO2008077391A1 WO 2008077391 A1 WO2008077391 A1 WO 2008077391A1 DE 2007002305 W DE2007002305 W DE 2007002305W WO 2008077391 A1 WO2008077391 A1 WO 2008077391A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gel
- fuel cell
- cell according
- fuel
- sulfuric acid
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
- H01M8/1013—Other direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0005—Acid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0011—Sulfuric acid-based
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention enters a fuel cell comprising an electrolyte between two spaced apart electrodes.
- the ion transport is to be separated spatially from the electron transport and usually the ion transport within an electrolyte takes place and the discharge or supply of the electrons takes place via the electrodes.
- Aqueous electrolytes can dissociate and form H + or OH- ions.
- Such electrolytes are at first liquid materials such as aqueous alkali solutions, for example KOH, or aqueous acids, for example H 2 SO 4 .
- the hydrogen cell using hydrogen H 2 and the direct methanol cell methanol MeOH as the fuel component.
- the hydrogen may first be produced by electrolysis or by methanol reformer before it can be converted into electricity in the fuel cell.
- the direct methanol cell methanol is supplied directly as a fuel component.
- a direct methanol cell is known in which, in H 2 SO 4 as the electrolyte, a membrane with inside lying catalyst coating is provided. From the membrane, a spiral-shaped wire electrode is enclosed, which in turn is flowed by oxygen. Methanol is further introduced into the electrolyte and the dissociation takes place between the spiral-like wire electrode and an electrode immersed in the electrolyte and spaced from the membrane and extending in a planar manner.
- the invention has the object to provide a fuel cell available that is largely unlimited transportable and mobile use, hardly requires a positional orientation and yet has a high efficiency.
- a fuel cell comprising an electrolyte between two spaced electrodes, according to claim 1 by the measure that between the electrodes, a gel is arranged as an electrolyte or as a carrier of the electrolyte.
- the fuel cell according to the invention has a number of advantages.
- a gel unlike solid, becomes ionic Materials such as membranes, the electrodes integrate comparable to a liquid electrolyte and ensure good contact, in particular, regardless of the orientation of the fuel cell ensure good ion contact. Therefore, a function is also guaranteed largely independent of location. Also, a gel can be used as the electrolyte regardless of the geometry of the fuel cell, the arrangement of the electrodes.
- At least one electrode is completely enclosed by the gel or be. This measure can reduce the outflow of methanol in direct methanol fuel cells from the anode to the cathode, thereby increasing the cell voltage.
- the gel is designed as a carrier of a fuel component and / or that a fuel component is introduced into the gel. If the gel is designed as a carrier of a fuel component, the fuel cell can be completely closed, since at least the supply of the fuel component, which is incorporated in the gel as carrier, can be dispensed with. Alternatively, it is possible to introduce the fuel component under appropriate pressure into the gel in the fuel cell from the outside, preferably from a closed, position-independent reservoir ago. Mixed forms are naturally also possible.
- sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 is added to the gel.
- the electrolytic properties of sulfuric acid are well known, which is why it is often used as an electrolyte in fuel cells.
- silicon dioxide SiO 2 is also expedient to add silicon dioxide SiO 2 to the gel.
- the high-molecular silicas and their final stage silicon dioxide precipitate as gel-like, strongly hydrous masses, so-called silica gels or silica gels.
- silica gels or silica gels Upon heating of these silica gels, the trapped water slowly escapes, leaving a white, cloudy, highly porous product, silica gel or silica xerogel. This is often used because of its large inner surface as a very effective Adsoptions-, cleaning and desiccant for gases and solutions.
- the gel sulfuric acid and silica in a weight ratio between 92: 8 and 98: 2, in particular between 95: 5, added is.
- the mixture of sulfuric acid with the silica can also form the gel itself, in particular, having thixotropic properties, a common feature of binary systems. Minimal mechanical stresses, such as stirring or shaking, can convert the gel from the gelatinous state to the liquid state without changing the water content. At rest, a thixotropic substance will then solidify again.
- Preferred fuel components of the fuel cell according to the invention are methanol or ethanol, corresponding to the second fuel component air or oxygen O 2 .
- the gel is designed as a carrier of a fuel component and is in particular such a fuel component Methanol or ethanol, in the gel, a fuel component with 4 to 8 wt.% Are introduced.
- a fuel component with 4 to 8 wt.% Are introduced.
- the gel is formed by sulfuric acid and silica, preferably about 6% by weight.
- a fuel component can also be supplied directly to an electrode.
- it is preferably conceived to supply the fuel component to the back of an electrode, for example aqueous methanol into the back of the anode in the case of the anode and cathode described here or a gel incorporating a capillary.
- the supply of the fuel component is expediently carried out by means of a capillary action having supply.
- the transport of the fuel component takes place as in a wick, a deletion or filter paper.
- the delivery is preferably in the back of the anode, as it were in a sink.
- the fuel component is preferably made available from a closed reservoir, which likewise ensures position independence of the fuel cell according to the invention.
- silica and sulfuric acid in a weight ratio between 2:98 and 8:92, in particular 5:95, mixed, the mixture stirred vigorously and dried the milled mixture.
- the duration of the mixing should be between 3 minutes and 8 minutes, in particular around 5 minutes.
- the drying is conveniently carried out in an oven for a time between 120 minutes and 210 minutes Temperatures between 90 0 C and 99 ° C, especially at 94 ° C for two hours.
- Fig. 1 schematically a first experimental design
- FIG. 2 shows schematically a second experimental setup in a section.
- FIG. 1 indicates a nafion-coated capillary 1, as explained in principle, for example, in PCT / DEO / 03003. This capillary 1 is traversed by oxygen O 2 . The flow rate was 25 ml / min in one experiment.
- the capillary 1 is arranged over an areal extending anode 2, connected to the capillary 1 by a Teflon adhesive tape.
- anode 2 a 3 cm by 4 cm large RuPt coated titanium grid was used.
- the anode 2 and the cathode-containing capillary 1 were embedded in a gel containing MeOH.
- Methanol (MeOH) was added in a proportion of 6% by weight and stirred. This mixture liquefies, but will gel again as it comes to rest on the electrodes or capillary.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically a cross section through a test setup that largely corresponds to the first test setup.
- a lowermost layer is formed by an adhesive film 3.
- a thin layer 4 of the gel according to the invention is lubricated.
- a double layer of a filter paper 5 was pressed, which was impregnated with an aqueous methanol solution from a reservoir 6, indicated in Fig. 2 by a drop 7.
- Another layer 8 of the gel covers the layer of filter paper 5. On the layer 8, the areal extending anode 9 was placed.
- a capillary 10 is arranged, which is traversed by oxygen O 2 at a rate of 25 ml / min.
- the anode 9 and the capillary 10 are enclosed by a further gel layer 11.
- the adhesive film 3 was still turned over, so that the entire experimental arrangement is sealed by him.
- a surprisingly high open-circuit voltage of, for example, 850 mV is obtained when the system is heated to temperatures between 40 and 50 ° C., indicated by a lamp 12.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112007003352T DE112007003352A5 (de) | 2006-12-22 | 2007-12-20 | Brennstoffzelle |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006062179.4 | 2006-12-22 | ||
DE102006062179 | 2006-12-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008077391A1 true WO2008077391A1 (de) | 2008-07-03 |
Family
ID=39362263
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2007/002305 WO2008077391A1 (de) | 2006-12-22 | 2007-12-20 | Brennstoffzelle |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE112007003352A5 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008077391A1 (de) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3172782A (en) * | 1960-12-13 | 1965-03-09 | Jache storage battery | |
EP0608590A1 (de) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-08-03 | Globe-Union Inc. | Bleiakkumulateur mit in Faserstruktur festgelegtem Elektrolyten und mit verbesserte Wärmeübertragung |
EP0731519A2 (de) * | 1995-03-07 | 1996-09-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Protonischer Leiter und seine Verwendung in eine elektrochemische Vorrichtung |
CN1167345A (zh) * | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-10 | 张国民 | 一种高电容量胶体电解质及制法 |
WO2002007237A2 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-01-24 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Gel-forming battery separator |
US20040229090A1 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2004-11-18 | Davis Stuart M. | Electrochemical cells |
WO2005053078A1 (ja) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-06-09 | Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd. | 電池及び発電方法 |
-
2007
- 2007-12-20 WO PCT/DE2007/002305 patent/WO2008077391A1/de active Application Filing
- 2007-12-20 DE DE112007003352T patent/DE112007003352A5/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3172782A (en) * | 1960-12-13 | 1965-03-09 | Jache storage battery | |
EP0608590A1 (de) * | 1992-12-03 | 1994-08-03 | Globe-Union Inc. | Bleiakkumulateur mit in Faserstruktur festgelegtem Elektrolyten und mit verbesserte Wärmeübertragung |
EP0731519A2 (de) * | 1995-03-07 | 1996-09-11 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Protonischer Leiter und seine Verwendung in eine elektrochemische Vorrichtung |
CN1167345A (zh) * | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-10 | 张国民 | 一种高电容量胶体电解质及制法 |
WO2002007237A2 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-01-24 | Hollingsworth & Vose Company | Gel-forming battery separator |
US20040229090A1 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2004-11-18 | Davis Stuart M. | Electrochemical cells |
WO2005053078A1 (ja) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-06-09 | Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd. | 電池及び発電方法 |
US20070181418A1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2007-08-09 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Cell and power generation method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112007003352A5 (de) | 2009-12-03 |
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