Classifications

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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
  • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
  • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/24—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
  • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
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  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
  • C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/08—Amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
  • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/02—Bearings
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
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  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines

Definitions

• the present invention provides lubricating oil compositions, and in particular lubricating oil compositions used as machine oils, hydraulic oils, turbine oils, compressor oils, gear oils, sliding friction oils, bearing oils and calibration oils.
• Corrosion resistance is required as a fundamental property of lubricating oils in machine installations so as to maintain performance.
• the lubricating oil temperature within tanks in machines and apparatus rises and falls in accordance with conditions of use, and therefore the lubricating oil within the tanks may be subject to admixture with condensed water or admixture with moisture because of leaks from cooling water pipes.
• the present invention aims to obtain a lubricating oil composition having superior corrosion resistance properties as well as producing only small amounts of sludge.
• anti-corrosives added with a view to improving corrosion resistance may be substances giving rise to sludge, as a result of deterioration under heat.
• An important .problem therefore is strike a balance between maintaining the anti-corrosive effect while inhibiting sludge.
• the present invention aims to obtain a lubricating oil composition which inhibits the generation of corrosion and sludge, which has abundant energy saving properties and which has good operational efficiency.
• the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition suitable as an industrial lubricating oil such as hydraulic oil by adding an aspartic acid derivative and an epoxidised ester compound as additives to a base oil, preferably being a highly refined base oil or a synthetic oil, having a sulphur content of not more than 300 ppm. Also, in a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition with even less sludge generation and superior energy saving properties by further adding as an additive an aliphatic amine.
• a lubricating oil composition which inhibits the generation of corrosion and sludge. Further, it is possible to reduce effectively the friction losses caused in various kinds of industrial apparatus, and to ensure savings on energy. Also, if it is used as a hydraulic oil, it is possible, by reducing the friction coefficient, to control the hydraulic apparatus with satisfactory precision and without the occurrence of phenomena such as chatter, vibration, squealing or other abnormal noises in the hydraulic cylinders.
• the base oils of this lubricating oil composition it is possible to use the mineral oils and synthetic oils known as highly refined base oils.
• the elemental sulphur content should be not more than 300 ppm, preferably not more than 200 ppm, more preferably not more than 100 ppm and most preferably not more than 50 ppm.
• the density is from 0.8 to 0.9, preferably from 0.8 to 0.865, and more preferably from 0.81 to 0.83.
• the aromatic content is preferably less than 3%, more preferably less than 2% and even more preferably less than 0.1.
• Group II base oils include, for example, paraffinic mineral oils obtained by appropriate use of a suitable combination of refining processes such as hydrorefining and dewaxing in respect of lubricating oil fractions obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil.
• Group II base oils refined by hydrorefining methods such as the Gulf Company method have a total sulphur content of less than 10 ppm and an aromatic content of not more than 5% and so are suitable for the present invention.
• the viscosity of these base oils is not specially limited, but the viscosity index may be from 80 to 120 and preferably from 100 to 120.
• the kinetic viscosity at 40 0 C is preferably from 2 to 680 mm 2 /s and even more preferably from 8 to 220 mm 2 /s.
• the total sulphur content may be less than 300 ppm, preferably less than 200 ppm and even more preferably less than 10 ppm.
• the total nitrogen content to be less than 10 ppm and preferably less than 1 ppm.
• oils with an aniline point of from 80 to 15O 0 C and preferably from 100 to 135°C may be used.
• paraffinic mineral oils manufactured by a high degree of hydrorefining in respect of lubricating oil fractions obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil base oils refined by the Isodewax process which dewaxes and substitutes the wax produced by the dewaxing process with isoparaffins
• base oils refined by the Mobil wax isomerisation process are suitable, for example.
• the viscosity of these base oils is not specially limited, but the viscosity index may be from 95 to 145 and preferably from 100 to 140.
• the kinetic viscosity at 40 0 C may preferably be from 2 to 680 mm 2 /s and even more preferably from 8 to 220 mm 2 /s.
• the total sulphur content to be from 0 to 100 ppm and preferably less than 10 ppm.
• the total nitrogen content should be less than 10 ppm and preferably less than 1 ppm.
• oils with an aniline point of from 80 to 150 0 C and preferably from 110 to 135 0 C may be used.
• GTLs gas to liquid derived base oils
• Fischer-Tropsch method of converting natural gas to liquid fuel have a very low sulphur content and aromatic content compared with mineral oil base oils refined from crude oil and have a very high paraffin constituent ratio, and so have excellent oxidative stability, and because they also have extremely small evaporation losses, they are suitable as base oils for the present invention.
• GTL base oils are not specially limited, but normally the viscosity index should be from 130 to 180 and preferably from 140 to 175. Also, the kinetic viscosity at 40 0 C may be from 2 to 680 mm 2 /s and even more preferably from 5 to 120 mm 2 /s. Normally, the total sulphur content may also be less than 10 ppm and the total nitrogen content may be less than 1 ppm.
• a commercial example of such a GTL derived base oil is Shell XHVI (registered trademark) .
• synthetic oils mention may be made of polyolefins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, esters, polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyphenyl ethers, dialkyldiphenyl ethers, fluorine-containing compounds (perfluoropolyethers, fluorinated polyolefins) and silicone oils.
• the above-mentioned polyolefins include polymers of various olefins or hydrides thereof. Any olefin may be used, and as examples mention may be made of ethylene, propylene, butene and ⁇ -olefins with five or more carbons. In the manufacture of polyolefins, one kind of the above-mentioned olefins may be used singly or two or more kinds may be used in combination. Particularly suitable are the polyolefins called poly- ⁇ -olefins (PAO) . These are base oils of Group IV.
• PAO poly- ⁇ -olefins
• the viscosity of these synthetic oils is not specially limited, but the kinetic viscosity at 40 0 C may preferably be from 2 to 680 mm 2 /s and even more preferably from 8 to 220 mm 2 /s.
• the amount of the aforementioned base oil in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not specially limited, but on the basis of the total amount of the lubricating oil composition it is usually not less than 60 % by weight, preferably not less than 80 % by weight, more preferably not less than 90 % by weight and yet more preferably not less than 95 % by weight .
• Xi and X 2 are each hydrogen atoms or same or different alkyl groups or hydroxyalkyl groups having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and for preference a 2-methylpropyl group and a tertiary- butyl group respectively are good.
• X 3 refers to alkyl groups constituted of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or alkyl groups having ether bonds, or hydroxyalkyl groups.
• octadecyl groups, alkoxypropyl groups and 3- (C 6 - Cia) hydrocarbon oxy (C 3 -C 6 ) alkyl groups are good, and preferably cyclohexyloxypropyl groups, 3-octyloxypropyl groups, 3-isooctyloxypropyl groups, 3-decyloxypropyl groups, 3-isodecyloxypropyl groups and 3- (Ci 2 -Ci 6 ) alkoxypropyl groups.
• X 4 refers to saturated or unsaturated carboxylic groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or alkyl groups having from 1 to ,30 carbons, or alkenyl groups, or hydroxyalkyl groups.
• the aforementioned aspartic acid derivative preferably has an acid number as determined by JIS K2501 of from 10 to 200 mgKOH/g, and preferably of from 50 to 150 mgKOH/g.
• the aspartic acid derivative is used in the lubricating agent composition in the order of from 0.01 to 5 % by weight and preferably in the order of from 0.05 to 2 % by weight.
• the epoxidised ester compound may be manufactured by epoxidating esters of rapeseed oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, sunflower oil, rice-bran oil, safflower oil, beef tallow, pork tallow and so on.
• epoxidised rapeseed oil esters Mention may be made of epoxidised rapeseed oil esters, epoxidised soybean oil esters, epoxidised linseed oil esters, epoxidised castor oil esters, epoxidised safflower oil esters, and also of those manufactured by epoxidating oleic acid esters such as methyl epoxystearate, butyl epoxystearate and octyl epoxystearate .
• the alcohol residues of the esters may be alkyl groups, or alkyl groups having ether bonds, or hydroxyalkyl groups, and preferably butyl groups, isobutyl groups or 2-ethylhexyl groups.
• epoxidised rapeseed fatty acid isobutyl ester epoxidised rapeseed fatty acid 2-ethylhexyl ester and epoxidised linseed oil fatty acid butyl ester.
• the main constituents of ordinary rapeseed fatty acids are fatty acids of 18 carbons with oleic acid 63%, linolic acid 20% and linolenic acid 8%.
• the main constituents of linseed fatty acids are fatty acids of 18 carbons with oleic acid 21%, linolic acid 13% and linolenic acid 57%.
• epoxidised ester compounds are known as plasticisers and stabilisers in rubbers and plastics.
• the amount of epoxidised ester compound blended in the lubricating oil composition is preferably from 0.01 to 5 per cent by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 2 per cent by weight, and even more preferably from 0.01 to 1 per cent by weight .
• An aliphatic amine compound may further be incorporated in this lubricating oil composition, and as 64026
• X 5 refers to saturated or unsaturated alkyl groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
• laurylamine coconut amine, n-tridecylamine, myristylamine, n-pentadecylamine, n-palmitylamine, n- heptadecylamine, n-stearylamine, isostearylamine, n- nonadecylamine, n-eicosylamine, n-heneicosylamine, n- docosylamine, n-tricosylamine, n-pentacosylamine, oleylamine, beef tallow amine, hydrogenated beef tallow amine and soybean amine.
• the number of carbons of X 5 is from 8 to 24 and more preferably from 12 to 18.
• X 5 may be a tertiary alkyl group in either a straight-chain aliphatic or a branched-chain aliphatic.
• X 6 refers to saturated or unsaturated alkylene groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
• ethylenediamines such as laurylethylenediamine, coconut ethylenediamine , n-tridecylethylenediamine , myristylethylenediamine, n-pentadecylethylenediamine, n- palmitylethylenediamine, n-heptadecylethylenediamine, n- stearylethylenediamine, isostearylethylenediamine, n- nonadecylethylenediamine, n-eicosylethylenediamine, n- heneicosylethylenediamine, n-docosylethylenediamine, n- tricosylethylenediamine, n-pentacosylethylenediamine , oleylethylenediamine, beef tallow ethylenediamine, hydrogenated beef tallow ethylenediamine, hydrogenated beef tallow ethylene
• X 7 and X 8 refer to saturated or unsaturated alkyl groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
• the number of carbons of X 7 and X 8 is from
• At least one kind of these aliphatic amines selected from the aforementioned groups may be used in the lubricating agent composition in the order of approximately 0.005 to 5 % by weight, and preferably in the order of approximately 0.01 to 1 % by weight.
• anti-oxidants include those used in practice in lubricating oils, and mention may be made of phenol -based anti-oxidants, amine-based anti-oxidants and sulphur-based anti- oxidants. These anti-oxidants may be used singly or in combinations within the range of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the base oil.
• dialkyl-diphenylamines such as p, p ' -dioctyl-diphenylamine (Nonflex OD-3 manufactured by Seiko Kagaku Ltd.), p,p'-di- ⁇ - methylbenzyl-diphenylamine and N-p-butylphenyl-N-p' - octylphenylamine, monoalkyldiphenylamines such as raono-t- butyldiphenylamine and monooctyldiphenylamine, bis (dialkylphenyl) amines such as di(2,4- diethylphenyl) amine and di (2-ethyl-4-nonylphenyl) amine, alkylphenyl-1-naphthylamines such as octylphenyl-1- naphthylamine and N-t-dode
• dialkylsulphides such as didodecylsuplhide and dioctadecylsulphide
• thiodipropionic acid esters such as didodecyl thiodipropionate, dioctadecyl thiodipropionate, dimyristyl thiodipropionate and dodecyloctadecyl thiodipropionate
• 2- mercaptobenzimidazole 2- mercaptobenzimidazole .
• the phenol -based anti-oxidants include 2-t- butylphenol, 2-t-butyl-4-methylphenol , 2-t-butyl-5- methylphenol , 2 , 4-di-t-butylphenol , 2 , 4-dimethyl-6-t- butylphenol, 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol , 3-t-butyl-4- methoxyphenol , 2 , 5-di-t-butylhydroquinone (Antage DBH, manufactured by Kawaguchi Kagaku Co.
• They also include 3 , 5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxybenzylmercapto-octyl acetate, alkyl-3- (3 , 5-di-t- butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionates such as n-octadecyl-3 - (3 , 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (Yoshinox SS, manufactured by Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries Co.
• n-dodecyl-3- (3 , 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate
• n-dodecyl-3- (3 , 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate
• 2 ' -ethylhexyl-3- (3 , 5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl ) propionate
• benzenepropanoic acid 3,5- bis (1, 1-dimethyl -ethyl) -4-hydroxy-C7 ⁇ C9 branched alkyl esters (Irganox L135, manufactured by Ciba Speciality Chemicals Co.
• They further include bisphenols such as 4,4'- butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol) (Antage W-300, manufactured by Kawaguchi Kagaku Co. Ltd.), 4,4'- methylenebis (2 , 6-di-t-butylphenol) (Ionox 220AH, manufactured by Shell Japan Co. Ltd.), 4 , 4 ' -bis (2 , ⁇ -di-t- butylphenol) , 2 , 2- (di-p-hydroxyphenyl) propane (Bisphenol A, manufactured by Shell Japan Co.
• 4,4'- butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol) Antage W-300, manufactured by Kawaguchi Kagaku Co. Ltd.
• 4,4'- methylenebis (2 , 6-di-t-butylphenol) Ionox 220AH, manufactured by Shell Japan Co. Ltd.
• triaryl phosphites such as triphenyl phosphite and tricresyl phosphite
• trialkyl phosphites such as trioctadecyl phosphite and tridecyl phosphite
• tridodecyl trithiophosphite examples of triaryl phosphites
• the metal deactivators which can be combined with the lubricating oil composition of the present invention include benzotriazole, benzotriazole derivatives of the
• 4-alkyl-benzotriazoles such as 4 -methyl -benzotriazole and 4-ethyl-benzotriazole, 5-alkyl-benzotriazoles such as 5- methyl-benzotriazole and 5-ethyl-benzotriazole, 1-alkyl- benzotriazoles such as l-dioctylaminomethyl-2 , 3- benzotriazole and 1-alkyl-tolutriazoles such as 1- dioctylaminomethyl-2 , 3 -tolutriazole , benzimidazole, and benzimidazole derivatives of the 2- (alkyldiothio) - benzimidazoles such as 2- (octyldithio) -benzimidazole, 2- (decyldithio) -benzimidazole and 2- (dodecyldithio) - benzimidazole and 2- (alkyldithio) -
• indazole indazole derivatives of the toluindazole derivatives such as 4-alkyl-indazoles and 5-alkyl-indazoles
• benzothiazole and benzothiazole derivatives of the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives (Thiolite B-3100, manufactured by Chiyoda Kagaku Co.
• 2- (alkyldithio) benzothiazoles such as (hexyldithio) benzothiazole and 2- octyldithio) benzothiazole
• 2- (alkyldithio) toluthiazoles such as 2- (hexyldithio) toluthiazole and 2- (octyldithio) toluthiazole
• 2- (N, N- dialkyldithiocarbamyl) benzothiazoles such as 2- (N, N- diethyldithiocarbamyl) -benzothiazole, 2- (N, N- dibutyldithiocarbamyDbenzothiazole and 2- (N, N- dihexyldithiocarbamyl) -benzothiazole
• 2- (N, N- dialkyldithiocarbamyl) -toluthiazoles such as 2- (N, N- diethyldithi
• benzoxazole derivatives of the 2 - (alkyldithio) benzoxazoles such as 2- (octyldithio) - benzoxazole, 2- (decyldithio) benzoxazole and 2- (dodecyldithio) benzoxazole, and 2- (alkyldithio) toluoxazoles such as 2-
• phosphorus compounds are added.
• compounds suitable for the present invention mention may be made of phosphate esters, acidic phosphate esters, amine salts of acidic phosphate esters chlorinated phosphate esters, phosphite esters, phosphorothionates, zinc dithiophosphates, esters or derivatives thereof of dithiophosphates and alkanol or polyether-type alcohols, phosphorus-containing carboxylic acids, and phosphorus- containing organic carboxylate esters.
• These phosphorus compounds may be used singly or in combinations within the range of 0.01 to 2 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the base oil.
• tributyl phosphate tripentyl phosphate, trihexyl phosphate, triheptyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, trinonyl phosphate, tridecyl phosphate, triundecyl phosphate, tridodecyl phosphate, tritridecyl phosphate, tritetradecyl phosphate, tripentadecyl phosphate, trihexadecyl phosphate, triheptadecyl phosphate, triocyadecyl phosphate, trioleyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tris (iso-propylphenyl) phosphate, triallyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, cresyldiphenyl phosphate and xylenyldiphenyl phosphate
• acidic phosphate esters mention may be made of monobutyl acid phosphate, monopentyl acid phosphate, monohexyl acid phosphate, monoheptyl acid phosphate, monooctyl acid phosphate, monononyl acid phosphate, monodecyl acid phosphate, monoundecyl acid phosphate, monododecyl acid phosphate, monotridecyl acid phosphate, monotetradecyl acid phosphate, monopentadecyl acid phosphate, monohexadecyl acid phosphate, monoheptadecyl acid phosphate, monooctadecyl acid phosphate, monooleyl acid phosphate, dibutyl acid phosphate, dipentyl acid phosphate, dihexyl acid phosphate, diheptyl acid phosphate, dioctyl acid phosphate, dinonyl acid phosphat
• amine salts of acidic phosphate esters mention may be made of salts with amines of the of the above mentioned acidic phosphate esters such as methylamines, ethylamines, propylamines, butylamines, pentylamines, hexylamines, heptylamines, octylamines, dimethylamines, diethylamines, dipropylamines, dibutylamines, dipentylamines, dihexylamines, diheptylamines, dioctylamines , trimethylamines, triethylamines, tripropylamines, tributylamines, tripentylamines, trihexylamines, triheptylamines and trioctylamines .
• amines of the of the above mentioned acidic phosphate esters such as methylamines, ethylamines, propylamines, but
• dibutyl phosphite dipentyl phosphite, dihexyl phosphite, diheptyl phosphite, dioctyl phosphite, dinonyl phosphite, didecyl phosphite, diundecyl phosphite, didodecyl phosphite, dioleyl phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, dicresyl phosphite, tributyl phosphite, tripentyl phosphite, trihexyl phosphite, triheptyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, trinonyl phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, .triundecyl
• tributyl phosphorothionate tripentyl phosphorothionate, trihexyl phosphorothionate, triheptyl phosphorothionate, trioctyl phosphorothionate, trinonyl phosphorothionate, tridecyl phosphorothionate, triundecyl phosphorothionate, tridodecyl phosphorothionate, tritridecyl phosphorothionate, tritetradecyl phosphorothionate, tripentadecyl phosphorothionate, trihexadecyl phosphorothionate, triheptadecyl phosphorothionate, trioctadecyl phosphorothionate, trioleyl phosphorothionate, triphenyl phosphorothionate, tricresyl phosphorothionate, trixyl
• zinc dithiophosphates examples include zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates, zinc diaryl dithiophosphates and zinc arylalkyl dithiophosphates.
• alkyl groups of the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates having primary or secondary alkyl groups of 3 to 22 carbons or alkylaryl groups substituted with alkyl groups of 3 to 18 carbons may be used.
• zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates mention may be made of zinc dipropyl dithiophosphate, zinc dibutyl dithiophosphate, zinc dipentyl dithiophosphate, zinc dihexyl dithiophosphate, zinc diisopentyl dithiophosphate, zinc diethylhexyl dithiophosphate, zinc dioctyl dithiophosphate, zinc dinonyl dithiophosphate, zinc didecyl dithiophosphate, zinc didodecyl dithiophosphate, zinc dipropylphenyl dithiophosphate, zinc dipentylphenyl dithiophosphate, zinc dipropylmethylphenyl dithiophosphate, zinc dinonylphenyl dithiophosphate, and zinc didodecylphenyl dithiophosphate .
• Fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols may be blended with the lubricating oil composition of the present invention with a view to improving oiliness.
• partial or complete esters of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids of from 1 to 24 carbons and polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol , sorbitol, alkylene glycols, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and xylitol.
• glycerol esters are glycerol monolaurylate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol monooleate, glycerol dilaurylate, glycerol distearate, glycerol dipalmitate and glycerol dioleate.
• sorbitol esters mention may be made of sorbitol monolaurylate, sorbitol monopalmitate, sorbitol monostearate, sorbitol monooleate, sorbitol dilaurylate, sorbitol dipalmitate, sorbitol distearate, sorbitol dioleate, sorbitol tristearate/ sorbitol trilaurylate, sorbitol trioleate and sorbitol tetraoleate.
• alkylene glycol esters are ethylene glycol monolaurylate, ethylene glycol monostearate, ethylene glycol monooleate, ethylene glycol dilaurylate, ethylene glycol distearate, ethylene glycol dioleate, propylene glycol monolaurylate, propylene glycol monostearate, propylene glycol monooleate, propylene glycol dilaurylate, propylene glycol distearate and propylene glycol dioleate.
• neopentyl glycol esters mention may be made of neopentyl glycol monolaurylate, neopentyl glycol monostearate, neopentyl glycol monooleate, neopentyl glycol dilaurylate, neopentyl glycol distearate and neopentyl glycol dioleate.
• trimethylolpropane esters examples include trimethylolpropane monolaurylate, trimethylolpropane monostearate, trimethylolpropane monooleate, trimethylolpropane dilaurylate, trimethylolpropane distearate, trimethylolpropane dioleate and pentaerythritol monolaurylate .
• pentaerythritol esters examples include pentaerythritol monostearate; pentaerythritol monooleate, pentaerythritol dilaurylate, pentaerythritol distearate, pentaerythritol dioleate and dipentaerythritol monooleate.
• fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols it is preferable to use partial esters of polyhydric alcohols and unsaturated fatty acids .
• pour-point depressants and viscosity index improvers may also be added to the lubricating oil composition of the present invention in order to improve low-temperature flow characteristics and viscosity characteristics.
• viscosity index improvers mention may be made of non-dispersant viscosity index improvers as exemplified by polymethacrylates and olefin polymers such as ethylene-propylene copolymers, styrene-diene copolymers, polyisobutylene and polystyrene, or dispersant-type viscosity index improvers which are copolymerised with nitrogen-containing monomers.
• the amount thereof added may be within the range of 0.05 to 20 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of base oil .
• pour-point depressants mention may be made of polymethacrylate based polymers.
• the amount thereof added may be within the range of 0.01 to 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of base oil.
• Defoaming agents may also be added in order to impart foaming resistance to the lubricating oil composition of the present invention.
• defoaming agents suitable for the present invention mention may be made of dimethylpolysiloxane, organosilicates such as diethylsilicate and fluorosilicones, and non-silicone defoaming agents such as polyalkylacrylates.
• the amount thereof added may be within the range of from 0.0001 to 0.1 part by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of base oil.
• demulsifiers suitable for the present invention mention may be made of those of the known art normally used as lubricating oil additives.
• the amount thereof added may be within the range of from 0.0005 to 0.5 part by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of base oil. Examples
• Base Oil 1 A paraffinic mineral oil obtained by a suitable combination of refining procedures such as hydrocracking and dewaxing of a lubricating oil fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil.
• Gp II Categorised as Group II (Gp II) according to the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil categories.
• Base Oil 2 A paraffinic mineral oil obtained by a suitable combination of refining procedures such as hydrocracking and dewaxing of a lubricating oil fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil. Categorised as Group III (Gp III) according to the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil categories.
• Base Oil 3 A GTL oil synthesised by the Fischer-Tropsch method and categorised as Group III according to the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil categories. (Characteristics: kinetic viscosity at
• Base Oil 4 A poly- ⁇ -olefin synthetic oil, generally known as PAO6 and categorised as Group IV according to the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil categories.
• PAO6 A poly- ⁇ -olefin synthetic oil, generally known as PAO6 and categorised as Group IV according to the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil categories.
• Base Oil 5 A paraffinic mineral oil obtained by a suitable combination of refining procedures such as dewaxing of a lubricating oil fraction obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil. Categorised as
• Gp I Group I (Gp I) according to the API (American Petroleum Institute) base oil categories.
• sulphur content (as converted to elemental sulphur) : 460 ppm; nitrogen content (as converted to elemental nitrogen): 20 ppm; aniline point: HO 0 C; ring- analysis paraffin content as determined by ASTM D3238: 66%; ditto naphthene content: 31%; ditto aromatics content: 3%; aniline point: 99 0 C; polycyclic aromatic content according to IP 346: 0.8%; initial boiling point based on gas chromatography distillation as determined by ASTM D5480: 331 0 C) 2.
• Additive B4 Epoxidised soybean oil
• Additive Cl coconut amine (main constituent dodecylamine) ; primary amine compound of primary alkyl, base number according to the method of JIS K2501: 390 mgKOH/g.
• JIS K2501 215 mgKOH/g.
• Additive C3 Beef tallow amine (main constituents oleylamine, stearylamine, palmitylamine) ; primary alkyl primary amine compound, base number according to, the method of JIS K2501: 215 mgKOH/g.
• Additive C4 Primary amine with C18 tertiary alkyl group; tertiary alkyl primary amine compound, base number according to the method of JIS K2501: 155 mgKOH/g.
• Additive C5 Coconut diamine (main constituent dodecyldiamine) ; primary alkyl primary diamine compound, base number according to the method of JIS K2501: 440 mgKOH/g .
• Additive C6 Coconut secondary amine (main constituent didodecylamine) ; primary alkyl secondary amine compound, base number according to the method of JIS K2501: 160 mgKOH/g.
• Corrosion prevention tests and thermal stability tests were carried out as below on the lubricating oil compositions of Examples 1 to 21 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 in order to see how they performed. Pendulum tests for friction coefficient were also carried out. Corrosion prevention test
• the temperature was maintained at 60 0 C while stirring continuously for 24 hours.
• the test-piece was then removed and assessed by eye for the presence of any rust. If no rust occurred, the oil was deemed to have passed.
• Example 7 the amount of .sludge was small in lubricating oil compositions using any of the highly refined base oils 1 to 4 , and in particular in the case of using the highly refined base oils shown in Examples 4 to 6, the amount of sludge was extremely small (0 : excellent) , and the sludge inhibition effect was even greater.
• Example 7 Table 2
• Comparative Example 3 (Table 6) , superior corrosion resistance and a superior sludge inhibition effect were obtained by using an aspartic acid derivative (Additive A2) together .with an epoxidised ester compound (Additive Bl) in the base oil. Also, when looking at Example 9 (Table 2) , the excellent corrosion resistance and excellent sludge inhibition effect of the aforementioned aspartic acid derivative and epoxidised ester compound were demonstrated even when using other additives with them.

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