WO2008049437A1 - Composition comprenant de la lignine et un composant anti-diarrhéique - Google Patents

Composition comprenant de la lignine et un composant anti-diarrhéique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008049437A1
WO2008049437A1 PCT/DK2007/050154 DK2007050154W WO2008049437A1 WO 2008049437 A1 WO2008049437 A1 WO 2008049437A1 DK 2007050154 W DK2007050154 W DK 2007050154W WO 2008049437 A1 WO2008049437 A1 WO 2008049437A1
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Prior art keywords
composition
lignin
composition according
present
poppy
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PCT/DK2007/050154
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English (en)
Inventor
Gunner Jacobsen
Jens Kristian Munk Villadsen
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Biofiber-Damino A/S
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Publication of WO2008049437A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008049437A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/32—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from hydrolysates of wood or straw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/12—Antidiarrhoeals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition
  • a composition comprising lignin and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin , carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk.
  • lignin selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin , carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk.
  • lignin selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin , carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg
  • composition which may treat or prevent diarrhoea caused by a gastrointestinal disorder.
  • EP 0 820 306 Bl relates to a pharmaceutical agent comprising a mixture of a pectinaceous plant fibre material with a phospholipid.
  • the agent is used for treating disorders associated with the alimentary tract such as diarrhoea or gastric ulcers in animals and humans.
  • WO 2004/043451 Al discloses a composition comprising isphagula husk, amino acid and at least one carbohydrate and electrolyte.
  • the composition is used as a therapeutic agent, such as for use in treating disorder in the intestinal system of monogastric animals.
  • WO 99/62355 Al discloses a piglet feeding method comprising administration to the piglet at least during the entire suckling period two different feed supplement compositions comprising dietary fibres, iron and other micronutrients including copper and zinc, where the first composition has the highest content of iron.
  • WO 99/62355 Al discloses a third feed supplement composition comprising dietary fibres and electrolytes may be used to prevent or cure diarrhoea as a substitute for antibiotic treatment.
  • the present invention relates to a composition
  • a composition comprising lignin and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk.
  • the invention in another aspect relates to a method of preparing said composition by mixing the components comprised in the composition.
  • the present invention relates to a composition of the invention for the use as a medicament.
  • composition for the manufacture of a medicament for treating diarrhoea.
  • compositions as food, feed or a supplement for humans, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, chickens, turkeys, pigeons, camels, llamas, dogs and cats.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to the administration of the composition in the range of from 1-3000 mg/kg body weight/day of treatment.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating diarrhoea in animals or humans comprising administration of a composition.
  • w/w% is to be, unless otherwise stated, calculated on the basis of the content of solids, i.e. as the weight percentage of the content of dry matter.
  • dry matter refers to the solids in a composition which are present after evaporation of any free water.
  • a composition comprising one or more components, wherein the sum of said components is less than 100 w/w%. This means that the composition may comprise other components than those specified in that particular context.
  • composition of the present invention comprises lignin in combination with one or more compound selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk.
  • the inventors of the present invention have observed that administration of such compounds to piglets increased the weight of these animals.
  • Diarrhoea is a gastrointestinal disorder which in many instances is caused by a pathogenic infection.
  • any composition of the present invention may have an antidiarrhoetic, anti-viral, anti-bacterial or any combination of the three on the entire gastrointestinal tract, particularly the intestine or jejunal intestine, or any composition of the present invention may act by regulating the balance of salt and/or glucose or by regulating the microbial balance of the intestine.
  • the anti- diarrhoeal effect can be measured as an increased weight gain of humans or animals fed with the compound, e.g. piglets, compared to humans or animals fed with a control diet without the compound. This may for example be measured as shown in the example. Additionally a decreased mortality of animals can be detected in such animals fed the compound compared to control.
  • composition of the present invention is a composition of the present invention
  • the composition of the present invention comprises lignin and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk.
  • the composition comprises further components.
  • the composition may be used for different purposes such as a food, feed, or food- or feed supplement, and the choice and amount of further components vary thereof. For example if the composition is used as a food or feed it will likely comprise ingredients which are necessary in a typically diet such as fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, or minerals.
  • the composition may include fewer components than the food or feed.
  • the components comprised in the feed supplement may be nutritious compounds such as herbs, electrolytes, minerals or vitamins.
  • the food- or feed supplement may be used either in solid form by sprinkling onto conventional animal feed or by injecting it in a fluid form into the mouth of an animal.
  • the present invention relates to a composition
  • a composition comprising lignin and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk.
  • the inventors of the present invention believe that feeding animals with lignin, in particular farm animals such as pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, chickens, turkeys, pigeons, camels, llamas, or domestic animals such as dogs and cats, gives beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract and thus prevent and/or decrease the severity of diarrhoea.
  • farm animals such as pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, chickens, turkeys, pigeons, camels, llamas, or domestic animals such as dogs and cats
  • Lignin is a large and complex macromolecule which consists of various types of substructures which repeat in random manner. Lignin has a molecular mass in excess of 10.000 amu (atomic mass unit) and is hydrophobic and aromatic in nature. Lignin is comprised by 3 different phenylpropanoids (C6-C3), also termed monolignols; coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol and p-coumaryl alcohol. Different plants use different ratio of monolignols, for example lignin in grasses is almost entirely p-coumaryl alcohol.
  • composition of the present invention can comprise any sort of lignin, both low- molecular lignin and high molecular lignin and can comprise different amounts of the monolignols, coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol and p-coumaryl alcohol.
  • Lignin is most commonly derived from wood and it is an integral part of the cell walls of plants. Lignin fills the spaces in the cell wall between cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin components. Lignin is difficult to degrade and is therefore an efficient barrier against pathogens which would invade plant tissue. Furthermore lignin is difficult to degrade in the gastrointestinal system of humans and animals. In farm animal production diarrhoea in young animals is a serious problem which is presently prevented or treated by the use of antibiotics.
  • lignin is able to increase the growth rate and/or survival of animals or humans which is believed to be caused by that lignin has a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract of the animal such that incidences of diarrhoea are lowered.
  • the composition used as a feed supplement comprises at least 0.01%w/w lignin, such as in the range of 0.01-30w/w% lignin, or in particular in the range of 0.5-20 w/w%, or in the range of 1-15 w/w%, or in the range of 2-15 w/w%, or in the range of l-10w/w%, or in the range of 2-10 w/w%, or in the range of 2.5-10 w/w%, or in the range of 3-10 w/w%, or in the range of 1-8 w/w%, or in the range of 2-7 w/w%.
  • lignin such as in the range of 0.01-30w/w% lignin, or in particular in the range of 0.5-20 w/w%, or in the range of 1-15 w/w%, or in the range of 2-15 w/w%, or in the range of l-10w/w%, or in the range of 2-10 w/w%, or in
  • the composition used as a food or feed comprises at least 0.01%w/w lignin, such as in the range of 0.01-10w/w% lignin, or in particular in the range of 0.5-10 w/w%, or in the range of 1-9 w/w%, or in the range of 2-8 w/w%, or in the range of 2-7w/w%.
  • any source of lignin may be used in the composition.
  • Lignin could be used in a solid of fluid form dependent of the kind of animal feed, fodder of food supplement manufactured.
  • Lignin could be used in the composition in a solid form, in particular as a granulate or powder.
  • Lignin could be used in the composition in a fluid form, in particular as an extract.
  • Wood treated with organic solvents such as alcohols to separate the wood's lignin, hemicellulose, sugar and cellulose fractions are for example known from US 1.856.567, US 3.585.104, WO98/27830, US 4.100.016 and WO92/13849 all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • One method of extracting lignin is to subject the plant material containing lignin to autohydrolysis, wash with water and then subject it to an alkaline treatment.
  • the resulting lignin extract could be precipitated with acid, centrifuged and will typical have a lignin content of more than 90 w/w%.
  • the contaminants will mainly be ash, sugar and some cellulose.
  • the extraxt could furthermore be dried followed by crushing or milling to obtain a granulate or powder with a desired particle size, e.g. by sieving.
  • lignin having somewhat different properties, for example hydrolytic lignin, kraft lignin or organosolv lignin.
  • Sources of hydrolytic lignin are softwood, hardwood, cereal straw and sugarcane bagasse where kraft lignin is derived from softwood and hard wood.
  • Sources of organosolv lignin are a mixture of marple, birch and poplar wood.
  • composition of the present invention is to use lignin provided from bioethanol production.
  • a fibre-rich plant material which contains a complex mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose bonded by lignin is subjected to hydrolysis and sugar fermentation processes.
  • First lignin in the fibre-rich plant material is broken down by fermentation such that cellulose and hemicellulose can be degraded to monosaccharides/sugar by enzymes or dilute acids.
  • the sugar is then fermented into ethanol. It is this waste product of lignin which can be used in the composition of the present invention.
  • suitable sources of plant material which may be used in the bioethanol production include but are not limited to crops grown specifically for energy use and include corn, maize and wheat crops, waste straw, willow and popular trees, sawdust, reed canary grass, cord grasses, Jerusalem artichoke, myscanthus and sorghum plants.
  • composition comprising lignin in combination with at least one of the compounds selected from the group of bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk has a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract and thus may alleviate diarrhoea.
  • the present composition is adequate to support an increased weight gain and survival of animals such as piglets by having an antidiarrhoeal effect.
  • Lignin is produced as a waste-product from a number of different industrial processes in which a fibre rich material is used. Examples of such industrial processes include but are not limited to production of paper. It is contemplated that the lignin which is produced as a waste product from any of these processes may be used in the present invention.
  • the compound selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk could in principle be included in the present composition in any solid or fluid form, examples thereof include but are not limited to an extract, oil, granulate, or powder.
  • Bromelain The inventors of the present invention have found that administration of bromelain to piglets increases weight of these animals faster than control animals which are not administered bromelain.
  • Bromelain which can be found in pineapple, is by the present inventors believed to contain substances that aid digestion and may help to control diarrhoea in animals.
  • composition according to the present invention may comprise bromelain in any form such as a pure form, granulate, powder or as an extract of pineapple, small pieces of pineapple, or as crushed or mashed pineapple.
  • the composition comprises lignin and bromelain.
  • the composition comprises bromelain in a range of 0.01-5w/w%, such as 0.05-2.5w/w%, such as 0.1-2w/w%, or such as 0.1-1.5w/w% or such as 0.5w/w%.
  • Papain is a cysteine protease which belongs to EC 3.4.22.2 and which can be found in papaya.
  • composition according to the present invention may comprise papain in any form such as a pure form, granulate, powder or as an extract of papaya, small pieces of papaya, or as crushed or mashed papaya.
  • the composition comprises lignin and papain.
  • the composition comprises papain in a range of 0.01- 5w/w%, such as 0.05-2.5w/w%, such as 0.1-2w/w%, or such as 0.1-1.5w/w% or such as 0.5w/w%.
  • Tannins are astringent, bitter-tasting plant polyphenols that bind and precipitate proteins.
  • Tannins have molecular weights ranging from 500 to over 20,000.
  • Tannins are usually divided into hydrolyzable tannins and condensed tannins 5 (proanthocyanidins).
  • any source of tannin may be used in the present invention.
  • One example of a useful source of tannin is sweet chestnut wood, such as the 10 commercially available product Globatan.
  • Globatan is provided from a tannin extract which comes from sweet Chestnut wood.
  • the inventors of the present composition believe that Globatan has an antidiarrhoeal effect and thus attribute to an increased weight gain and decreased mortality of e.g. newborn 15 animals.
  • Globatan can be provided from a natural source or synthetically prepared. Furthermore Globatan can be mixed to the present composition in any solid or fluid form such as a tannin extract, an extract of sweet Chestnut Wood, a powder or granulate of sweet 20 Chestnut Wood.
  • the composition comprises lignin and tannin.
  • the composition comprises tannin in a range of 0.1- 25 10w/w%, such as 0.5-9w/w%, such as l-8w/w%, or such as 2-7w/w% or such as 5w/w%.
  • Carvacrol or isopropyl-o-cresol is constituent of the etheric oil of oregano, thyme, Pepperworth, St John's wort, or wild bergamot. 30
  • Useful sources of carvacrol include but are not limited to oil, extract, powder or granulate of oregano, thyme, Pepperworth, St John's wort, or wild Bergamot or synthetically prepared carvacrol can be used.
  • the composition comprises lignin and carvacrol.
  • the composition comprises carvacrol in a range of 0.01- 5 w/w%, e.g. 0. 05-1 w/w% or 0.1- 0.5 w/w% or 0.2-0.4 w/w% or 0.3-0.4 w/w%, such as 0.2 w/w% or 0.3 w/w% or 0.35 w/w% or 0.4 w/w%.
  • Thymol is a constituent of the etheric oil of thyme and oregano. Thymol may be present in the composition according to the invention as for example an oil or extract of thyme or oregano, leaves of thyme or oregano or leaves grounded to a powder or granulate with a desired particle size.
  • thymol may be provided from ajwain fruit such as ajwain seed. Thymol may be mixed to the present composition as for example an extract or oil of Ajwain seed or as crushed or ground seeds of ajwain such as a powder of ajwain seed.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that administration of ajwain seeds to piglets increases weight of these animals faster than control animals which are not administered ajwain seeds.
  • thymol has a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract and thus have an antidiarrhoeal effect.
  • the composition comprises lignin and a thymol source.
  • the composition comprises thymol in a range of 0.01-5 w/w%, e.g. 0. 05-1 w/w% or 0.1- 0.5 w/w% or 0.2-0.4 w/w% or 0.3-0.4 w/w%, such as 0.2 w/w% or 0.3 w/w% or 0.35 w/w% or 0.4 w/w%.
  • Both alliin and allicin are active substances from garlic and can in principle be administered to the present composition in any solid or fluid form such as an extract of alliin and/or a garlic extract, chopped or crushed garlic or a granulate or powder of garlic.
  • the composition comprises lignin and alliin and/or allicin.
  • the composition comprises alliin and/or allicin in a range of 0.0001-0.05 w/w%, such as 0.0005-0.01 w/w% or 0.001-0.005 w/w% or 0.002- 0.004 w/w% or 0.0025-0.004 w/w% or 0.002-0.0035 w/w%, e.g. 0.002 w/w% or 0.003 w/w% or 0.004 w/w%.
  • Fenugreek seed can be administered to the present composition in any solid or fluid form, in particular but not limited to an extract or an oil of fenugreek seed, a granulate or a powder with a particular particle size.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that administration of fenugreek seeds to piglets increases weight of these animals faster than control animals which are not administered fenugreek seeds.
  • fenugreek seed has an improving effect on the gastrointestinal tract, such that diarrhoea is alleviated in animals and the weight gain is increased.
  • the composition comprises at least lignin and fenugreek seed.
  • the fenugreek is present in the composition in a range of 0.1-20%w/w, such as in the range of l-15%w/w, or such as in the range of 2-12%w/w, or such as in the range Of 4-12%w/w, or such as 8.5%w/w.
  • the composition according to the invention may comprise egg such as whole egg powder which is egg prepared as a powder.
  • whole egg could be present in the composition in fluid state.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that administration of whole eggs to piglets increases weight of these animals faster than control animals which are not administered whole eggs.
  • Whole egg is by the inventors believed to have an antidiarrhoeal effect on animals.
  • Whole egg is in general a good source of proteins and fatty acids with a 16-18 carbon atoms.
  • the egg yolk itself is a good source of proteins and fatty acids such as palmitic acid and stearic acid, while the egg white comprises several amino acids which are important for a healthy diet.
  • Examples of commercially available whole egg powder include but are not limited to WAF Whole Egg Powder from Belovo and Egg Powder from Schaffelaarbos.
  • the composition comprises lignin and egg.
  • egg is present in a range of 0.1-20%w/w, such as in the range of l-15%w/w, or such as in the range of 2-12%w/w, or such as in the range Of 4-12%w/w, or such as 8.5%w/w.
  • the poppy ⁇ Papaver is a member of the poppy family, botanical name Papaveraceae.
  • the poppy comprises round seed capsules which contain tiny black seeds (poppy seeds).
  • the poppy seed contains 40 to 50% of fatty oil which can be obtained by cold pressing the seeds.
  • the poppy seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (60%), oleic acid (30%), linolenic acid (3%) and less than 10% saturated fats.
  • the poppy and/or poppy seed present in the composition according to the invention can in principle be derived from all members of the poppy family such as Papaver rhoeus L., known as corn or field poppy, Papaver somniferum L., Papaver orientale /.., formerly Papaver bracteatum Lindl., known as morphine-free alkaloid poppy.
  • poppy and/or poppy seed has an antidiarrhoeal effect in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • the present composition can in theory comprise any form of Poppy seed such as but not limited to whole poppy seed, an oil of the seed, an extract, a powder or granulate.
  • the composition comprises lignin and poppy and/or poppy seed.
  • poppy seed is present in the composition in an amount of 0.05-10 w/w%, such as 0.01-5 w/w% or 0.1-5 w/w% or 0.2-2.5 w/w% or 0.4-1 w/w% or 0.5-1 w/w% or 0.6-1 w/w% or 0.7-1 w/w% or 0.8-0.9 w/w%, e.g. 0.7 w/w% or 0.8 w/w% or 0.85 w/w% or 0.9 w/w% or 0.95 w/w%.
  • Humic acid such as 0.01-5 w/w% or 0.1-5 w/w% or 0.2-2.5 w/w% or 0.4-1 w/w% or 0.5-1 w/w% or 0.6-1 w/w% or 0.7-1 w/w% or 0.8-0.9 w/w%, e.g. 0.7 w/w% or 0.8 w/w% or 0.85 w/w% or 0.9
  • Humic acids are a complex mixture of partially “decomposed” and otherwise transformed organic materials and is one of the major components of humic substances
  • Humic acid is for example present in sphagnum which is often classified as a fodder to pigs but which also gives pigs the opportunity to root or grub in it.
  • sphagnum materials comprising humic acid which are commercially available include but are not limited to Fibremin from Vitfoss and Promax from Humatech, AZ/TX, USA.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that administration of humic acid to piglets increases weight of these animals faster than control animals which are not administered humic acid.
  • Humic acid is believed by the inventors to have an antidiarrhoeal effect and can be comprised in the composition in the range of 0.5-50 w/w%, such as 1-25 w/w% or 1-20 w/w% or 1-15 w/w% or 2-15 w/w% or 4-15 w/w% or 4-12 w/w% or 4-10 w/w% or 5-10 w/w% or 6-9 w/w% or 6-8 w/w%, e.g. 6 w/w%, 7 w/w% or 8 w/w%.
  • 0.5-50 w/w% such as 1-25 w/w% or 1-20 w/w% or 1-15 w/w% or 2-15 w/w% or 4-15 w/w% or 4-12 w/w% or 4-10 w/w% or 5-10 w/w% or 6-9 w/w% or 6-8 w/w%, e.g. 6 w/w%
  • the present invention may comprise a root which in principle may be any root.
  • roots include but are not limited to beetroot and sugar root or turnip, in particular swede turnip, yellow Bortfelder turnip and early garden.
  • roots have an antidiarrhoeal effect on the gastrointestinal tract.
  • the root can be present in the composition in any solid or fluid form such as in solid state as chopped or crushed root or as a powder or granulate with a desired particle size, or in fluid state as an extract of the root.
  • composition comprises lignin in combination with a root.
  • root is present in the composition in an amount of 0.1- 99.9 w/w%.
  • the amount of roots in the composition of the present invention may vary according to which other components are present in the composition. Besides, roots may be used in the composition as a filler.
  • Kaolin Kaolin is a naturally occurring clay rich in the mineral kaolinite having the chemical composition AI 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 .
  • Kaolin may be used in solid or fluid form such as a powder, semi-dry noodle, paste, or 5 liquid slurry.
  • the composition comprises lignin and kaolin.
  • kaolin is present in the composition in the range of 0.5- 10 20 w/w%, such as 1-20 w/w% or 5-20 w/w% or 10-20 w/w% or 1-15 w/w% or 1-12 w/w% or 1-10 w/w% or 2-15 w/w% or 3-15 w/w% or 5-15 w/w% or 5-10 w/w.
  • Catechu also known as Cutch, or Cashoo
  • Catechu sources include but are not limited to the two species of Acacia catechu and Acacia suma, known as dark catechu and the Catechu pallidum, Uncaria gambir and Uncaria acida known as pale catechu.
  • Another source of catechu is for example the fruits of areca or betel palm, Areca catechu.
  • Catechu may in principle be present in the composition according to the invention in any solid or fluid state such as but not limited to a powder, oil or extract.
  • Catechu may be dissolved in heated water such as boiling water, alcohol, acetic acid and strong caustic alkali.
  • heated water such as boiling water, alcohol, acetic acid and strong caustic alkali.
  • the extract of catechu may be produced by boiling the 25 wood in water and evaporating the resulting brew.
  • Catechu may in principle be used in any solid or fluid form such as extracts, oils, powder, granulate, etc.
  • composition comprises lignin and catechu.
  • Cellulases or cellulolytic enzymes are enzymes involved in hydrolysis of cellulose.
  • cellobiohydrolase (1,4-beta-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.91)
  • endo-beta-l,4-glucanase endo-l,4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase
  • beta-glucosidase EC 3.2.1.21
  • Cellulases are synthesized by a large number of microorganisms which include fungi, actinomycetes, myxobacteria and true bacteria but also by plants. Especially endoglucanases of a wide variety of specificities have been identified.
  • any source of cellulase may be used in the present invention, e.g. the cellulase may be obtained from a microorganism which naturally expresses the enzyme, or a recombinant expressed cellulase or a synthetic cellulase.
  • the cellulase may in principle be used in any solid or fluid form such as a powder or a suspension.
  • composition comprises lignin and cellulase.
  • cellulase is present in the composition in an amount of in a range of 0.01-5w/w%, such as 0.05-2.5w/w%, such as 0.1-2w/w%, or such as 0.1- 1.5w/w% or such as 0.5w/w%.
  • flavonoid refers to a class of plant secondary metabolites based around a phenylbenzopyrone structure. Flavonoids are also commonly referred to as bioflavonoids in these terms are equivalent and interchangeable, since flavonoids are biological in origin.
  • flavonoids So far the following subclasses of flavonoids have been identified : flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanidins.
  • the content of flavonoids differ between individual plants both with regard to the identity of the particular flavonoids, the ratio between different flavonoids for those plants where more than one flavonoid is present and the amount of flavonoid present.
  • Examples of the content of flavonoids in selected foods may e.g. be found in USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods issued by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in March 2003.
  • the flavonoid of the present invention is a flavonol, such as quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin or isorhamnetin.
  • the source of flavonoid in the present invention is cocoa which comprises the flavonol quercetin.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that administration of cocoa powder to piglets increases weight of these animals faster than control animals which are not administered cocoa powder.
  • flavonoid is present in the composition in an amount of in a range of 0.25-50w/w%, such as l-40w/w%, such as 3-35w/w%, or such as 5- 30w/w% or such as 5-25w/w%, such as 10-35w/w%, or such as 15-30w/w% or such as 10-20w/w%, or such as 15-35w/w% or such as 20-30w/w%.
  • Isphagula husk is a fibrous material which is also termed psyllium (husk) and is described in WO2004/043451 which is hereby incorporated for reference.
  • the isphagula husk contained fibrous material comprised in the present composition may be the so-called mucopolysaccharide originating from Plantago ovata.
  • psyllium fibres can be used successfully for the treatment of both diarrhoea and obstipation.
  • the psyllium fibres present in the composition may for example be dried seed coats of plantago ovata, crushed seeds, ground seeds, a granulate or powder.
  • the psyllium fibres are usually used as a pulverized preparation which can be used directly in the composition or dispersed in a liquid such as water.
  • the composition comprises lignin in combination with at least isphagula husk.
  • isphagula husk is present in the composition in an amount of 0.1-99.9 w/w%.
  • the amount of isphagula husk in the composition of the present invention may vary according to which other components are present in the composition. Besides, isphagula husk may be used in the composition as a filler, thickener or bulking agent.
  • Other components such as a filler, thickener or bulking agent.
  • composition may further comprise one or more components selected from the group of amino acid, electrolyte, protein, fat, carbohydrate, peptide, thickener, emulsifier, filler, vitamin, preservative, mineral, colouring, and flavouring.
  • composition is dependent of which product the composition is used for.
  • the composition will generally further comprise a source of protein, carbohydrate, and/or fat because these three groups are all relevant for the intake of energy by an animal or human being.
  • the composition is used as a feed additive or feed supplement it may also comprise protein, carbohydrate or fats.
  • Protein, carbohydrate and fat are all generalised terms covering within each group structurally different proteins, including e.g. enzymes, carbohydrates and fats.
  • the present compositions may further comprise a number of other components which do not belong to any of these three classes or groups.
  • the composition is a food, feed or fodder, and it further comprise protein, fat and/or carbohydrate.
  • the content of the protein in the composition may be in the range of 25-90 w/w% proteins, such as in the range of 30-80 w/w%, or in the range of 30-70 w/w%, or in the range of 30-60 w/w%, or in the range of 40-80 w/w%, or in the range of 40-70 w/w%, or in the range of 40-60 w/w%, or in the range of 35-80 w/w%, or in the range of 35-70 w/w%, or in the range of 35-60 w/w%, or in the range of 45-55 w/w%.
  • the content of fat in the food, feed or fodder composition may be in the range of 5-50 w/w% fats, such as in the range of 5-45 w/w%, or in the range of 10-45 w/w%, or in the range of 10-40 w/w%, or in the range of 15-35 w/w%, or in the range of 20-30 w/w%, or in the range of 17.5-27.5 w/w%, or in the range of 10-30 w/w%, or in the range of 20-50 w/w%, or in the range of 20-40 w/w%.
  • the content of carbohydrate in the food, feed or fodder composition may be in the range of 3-40 w/w% carbohydrates, such as in the range of 5-35 w/w%, or in the range of 5-30 w/w%, or in the range of 5-25 w/w%, or in the range of 5-20 w/w%, or in the range of 5- 15 w/w%, or in the range of 10-35 w/w%, or in the range of 10-30 w/w%, or in the range of 10-20 w/w%, or in the range of 10-15 w/w%.
  • the carbohydrate is defined as being a simple sugar such as a monosaccharide, preferably glucose, or a disaccharide such as sucrose.
  • the carbohydrate is lactose.
  • Lactose is known as milk sugar and is especially useful for young animals as it is easily metabolised in contrast to other carbohydrates which require degradation or modification by enzymes which are not yet active in young animals. Whey may be used as a source of lactose.
  • composition of the present invention may have a content of proteins and fats, or proteins and carbohydrates, or fats and carbohydrates, or proteins, fats and carbohydrates as described above.
  • the choice of the particular proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the composition may vary, in particular because different components may be used to prepare the composition of the present invention.
  • composition of the present invention is to be used as a feed or food composition such as to feed newborn piglets it may be advantageous to include sources of amino acids, especially essential amino acids as known to a person skilled in the art, and especially sources of glutamine, glutamate, proline, methionine and phenylalanine.
  • the composition according to the invention can in principle comprise any amino acid.
  • composition may comprise one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of all known amino acids, preferably at least one selected from the group of glutamine, arginine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, alanine, glycine, praline, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, aspartic acid, tryptophan, cystine,
  • suitable sources of amino acids include but are not limited to whole egg, wheat, soy protein and/or colostrum of animals.
  • the amino acid is present in the composition as a linkage of amino acids, such as a peptide.
  • the composition comprises one or more electrolytes.
  • An animal having diarrhoea has a risk of losing salts.
  • some of the salts lost by diarrhoea will be replaced and the balance of dehydration and rehydration will be brought into order.
  • Electrolytes suitable for use in the present composition include but are not limited to magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, aluminium phosphate, aluminium hydroxide, citric acid, sodium citrate, trisodium citrate dehydrate, potassium citrate and phosphates such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate.
  • the composition comprises one or more thickener.
  • a suitable thickener for use in the present invention include but are not limited to guar gum, alginic acid or its salts, agar, carrageenan, Philippine Vietnamesea seaweed, carob (locust) bean gum, traganth, gum arabic, xanthan gum, karaya gum, tara gum, gellan gum, konjac gum, pectin, cellulose, inulin and psyllium.
  • the inclusion of a thickener in the composition of the present invention has the advantage that it increases the viscosity of the composition.
  • the composition is to be used as a food or feed as it may improve the mouthfeel of the composition and may hinder precipitation of heavy and/or insoluble/undissolved components of the solution.
  • the composition is a viscous liquid which is injected directly into the mouth of a newborn animal since the newborn animal still suckles on a nursing animal.
  • a thickener is an advantage as to give the liquid composition a desired viscosity.
  • the composition may comprise one or more emulsifiers.
  • emulsifiers which may be used include but are not limited to polyoxyethylene (polysorbate) and its derivatives, ammonium phosphatides, polyethylene glycol and its derivatives, beta- cyclodextrin, fatty acid salts and derivatives, mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids and derivatives thereof, propylene glycol and derivatives, polyglycerol and its derivatives, salts of lactylate, stearyl tartrate and derivatives of sorbitol.
  • the present composition may comprise one or more fillers.
  • Suitable fillers include but are not limited to a fibrous bran material, starch, and wheat flour.
  • the composition may comprise one or more vitamins.
  • suitable vitamins include but are not limited to vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E, vitamin K.
  • the present composition may comprise a preservative so that the storage time of the composition may be prolonged. If the composition is to be used as an animal food or animal food supplement said preservative may in particular be a preservative which is non-toxic to animals. Furthermore the preservative may in particular be a preservative which protects the composition against bacterial and fungal growth for a period of at least one year.
  • preservatives include but are not limited to sorbic acid and its salts, propionic acid and its salts, benzoic acid and its salts and derivatives thereof, sulphite and its salts, diphenyl, o-phenylphenol and its salts, nisin, natamycin, hexamethylenetetramine, dimethyldicarbonate, nitrite and its salts, nitrate and its salts, acetic acid and its salts, lactic acid, boric acid and its salts, carbon dioxide, malic acid, fumaric acid, calcium propionate, potassium sorbate. It is also foreseen that combinations of one or more of these compounds may be used in the composition of the present invention.
  • the composition may comprise one or more minerals.
  • Suitable minerals include but are not limited to iron, copper, manganese and zinc. These minerals are often bound in complexes and reference to the minerals is intended to include such complexes.
  • composition may comprise a colouring agent which in principle can be any known colouring agent.
  • composition may comprise a flavouring agent which in principle can be any known flavouring agent.
  • the present invention relates to a composition
  • a composition comprising lignin and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, a 11 Mn, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk.
  • composition of the present invention may in principle be in any form; e.g. liquid or solid form, such as powder, granulate, gel, paste, or fluid.
  • liquid or solid form such as powder, granulate, gel, paste, or fluid.
  • the choice of form may depend on the components of the composition but it may also depend on the mode of administration of the compound.
  • the amount of a component used will vary and may affect the amount of another component.
  • the components active substances derived from plant material such as a herb are only required in a small amount
  • other components are food ingredients as such, such as whole egg, ajwain and fenugreek, and they will typically be present in a larger amount.
  • the ratio between lignin and one or more of the other components will vary according to which component(s) are used.
  • composition of the present invention may be used a either a feed or a feed supplement wherein the composition as a feed supplement may consist of lignin and one or more of the components selected from the group of bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk, such that the total amount of lignin and the other component is 100 w/w%
  • compositions are as a feed supplement comprising other components such as any of those mentioned above.
  • composition is used as a feed such as an animal feed, comprising further components which are typically used in a animal diet such as amino acid, electrolyte, protein, fat, carbohydrate, thickener, emulsifier, filler, vitamin, preservative, mineral, colouring, and flavouring.
  • a feed such as an animal feed
  • further components which are typically used in a animal diet such as amino acid, electrolyte, protein, fat, carbohydrate, thickener, emulsifier, filler, vitamin, preservative, mineral, colouring, and flavouring.
  • lignin may be present in a feed supplement in an amount in the range of 0.01-30w/w%.
  • lignin may be present in a food or feed in an amount in the range of 0.01-10w/w%.
  • composition used a food- or feed supplement feed or food may comprise components which in particular may constitute between 0.5-20w/w% of the composition.
  • examples of such components may be any of the above mentioned. 0.1-5w/w% vitamins,
  • Suitable sources of lignin, bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, kaolin, catechu, cellulose, flavonoid and isphagula husk which may be used in the composition may in particular be any of the above mentioned.
  • suitable egg, roots, amino acid, electrolyte, protein, fat, carbohydrate, thickener, emulsifier, filler, vitamin, preservative, mineral, colouring, and flavouring etc. which may be used in the composition may in particular be any of the previously mentioned.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a method of preparing the present composition
  • a method of preparing the present composition comprising mixing lignin with one or more of the compounds selected from the group consisting of bromelain, papain, tannin, carvacrol, thymol, alliin, allicin, fenugreek seed, egg, poppy, poppy seeds, humic acid, roots, kaolin, catechu, cellulase, flavonoid and isphagula husk.
  • one or more components selected from the group of amino acid, electrolyte, protein, fat, carbohydrate, thickener, emulsifier, filler, vitamin, preservative, mineral, colouring, and flavouring can be mixed in the composition.
  • the components of the composition may be mixed in any order.
  • the components of the composition can be either solid or in liquid state dependent of which kind of product is prepared such as described above.
  • the components may be extracts, oils, solutions, powders, granulates or other forms, and for most purposes is the mixing of a liquid and solid (powder) component not a problem.
  • a factor which may affect how thoroughly the components need to be mixed is the ratio between hydrophilic and lipophilic components in the composition as it is well known that these two types of components do not mix easily.
  • hydrophilic or lipophilic characteristica may also affect in what order it is advantageously to mixing them.
  • the mixing of the components may be by using any conventionally known apparatus for mixing and in general a manual mixing of the components may be enough.
  • a component which are powders or granulates are mixed with water and different oils such as oils of herbs.
  • the powder-solution is then mixed thoroughly with the oil e.g. together with an emulsifier.
  • the mixing may be manually or mechanically.
  • powders are added directly to an oil or extract of a plant material and then mixed thoroughly. Whether a powder is dissolved in an aqueous solution or an oil depends on the hydrophilic or lipophilic characteristic of the powdered component.
  • the composition may be prepared by spray drying.
  • the fluid components of the present invention are first mixed with one or more soluble sugars and/or salts. This mixture is then sprayed onto a mixture of granulates or powders of one or more of the components comprised in the present invention and at the same time blown with hot air to dry the composition.
  • a Filter mat Dryer may be used for the spray drying.
  • a Fluid Bed dryer may be used for drying a mixture of the dry components pasted onto a mixture of the fluid components.
  • composition according to present invention increases weight gain of animals or humans and without being bound by any theory that this may be caused by the composition having beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract such as the jejunal intestine and thus can prevent and/or treat animals having diarrhoea.
  • the composition may be used to feed an animal. Examples of such animals which may be fed with the composition include but are not limited to animals such as pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, chickens, turkeys, pigeons, camels, llamas, dogs and cats.
  • the composition is used to make an animal feed or fodder.
  • the composition then comprises components which are usually used in an animal diet as described above.
  • a feed or fodder will normally comprise a source of fat, protein, carbohydrate, and different nutrients such as minerals and vitamins.
  • the components are mixed and bonded together with an emulsifier, filler and/or pelletizing agent to produce pellets of animal fodder.
  • the animal feed or fodder can be in any form such as pellets and granulate.
  • the animal feed or fodder is in a viscous liquid form.
  • the composition is used as a food supplement which is defined not to be a part of an animal feed or fodder but is a supplement which either may be sprinkled onto an animal feed or fodder.
  • the composition may particular be used as a supplement if it is discovered that one or more animals of a herd have diarrhoea and/or if the animal is not gaining enough weight. Then the composition can be administrated to the feed or fodder for a given period until the diarrhoea has stopped and/or has gained enough weight.
  • a new born animal, such as piglet which is still sucking on the nursing sow, will yet not be able to eat ordinary feed or fodder.
  • an embodiment of the invention is a food supplement in a liquid form which can be injected directly into the mouth of the new born animal.
  • the injection of the composition into the mouth of a new born animal can e.g. be by using a syringe or a feeding bottle.
  • composition is used for the manufacturing of a medicament.
  • medicament may be for treating diarrhoea.
  • the medicament may be for increasing the weight.
  • composition according to the invention may be administrated to an animal in the range of from 1-3000 mg/kg body weight/day of treatment, such as in the range of 3-2000 mg/kg bodyweight/ day of treatment, such as 5-1500 mg/kg bodyweight/ day of treatment, such as 7-1000 mg/kg bodyweight/ day of treatment, such as 10-500 mg/kg bodyweight/ day of treatment, such as 10-300 mg/kg bodyweight/ day of treatment, such as 10-100 mg/kg bodyweight/ day of treatment, such as 20-100 mg/kg bodyweight/ day of treatment.
  • composition can be administrated to the animal directly in the animal feed or fodder or the composition can be administrated to the animal as a feed supplement either sprinkled onto a feed or fodder or injected into the mouth of the animal. If an animal is having diarrhoea caused by a gastrointestinal disorder the animal will typically be given a diet (feed, fodder or supplement) comprising the composition 2-3 times a day for 3-5 days. However the number of treatments per day and period of time may vary according to the degree of disease.
  • a further embodiment of the invention relates to a method of treating diarrhoea in animals or humans comprising administration of a composition according to the present invention as described above.
  • a further embodiment of the invention relates to a method of treating underweight in animals or humans comprising administration of a composition according to the present invention as described above.
  • Example 1 Studies with a total of 240 piglets per compound were conducted to test the effect of bromelain, fenugreek seeds, cocoa powder, oregano leaves and ajwain seeds, Humic acid, oregano extract, and whole egg powder on the piglets' weight gain.
  • the piglets were divided into two groups of 120 piglets.
  • One group received regular feed supplemented with a standard antidiarrhoeal product, hereafter referred to as the control group, and the other group received regular feed supplemented with a standard antidiarrhoeal product as well as one of the following compounds:
  • Group A 8.5 g bromelain per day per group
  • Group B 143 g fenugreek seeds per day per group
  • Group C 71 g cocoa powder per day per group
  • Group D 60 g oregano leaves per day and 120 g ajwain seeds per day per group
  • Group E 120 g humic acid per day per group
  • Group F 11 g oregano extract (Ropadiar fra Ropapharm) per day per group
  • Group G 143 g whole eggs powder from Schaffelaarbos per day per group
  • the weight of the piglets was measured at the beginning of the study and then again 14 and 28 days later.
  • the average weight of the piglets within each group at day 14 and 28 was adjusted for piglets which were cancelled from the study due to e.g. death as it was assumed that such piglets had a low weight and therefore the average weight within the group would increase if they were just left out.
  • the control group for each of the groups A-G was pooled, such that the groups of 120 piglets each containing a compound as in the groups A to G was compared not only to 120 piglets of a control group but to 7x120 piglets from all the control groups.
  • the average weight gain of each of the groups A to G containing an active compound was measured and compared to the measured average weight gain of the pooled control groups.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition contenant de la lignine et au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe formé de bromélaïne, papaïne, tanin, carvacrol, thymol, alliine, allicine, graine de fenugrec, œuf, pavot, des graines de pavot, acide humique, racines, kaolin, cachou, cellulase, flavonoïdes et tégument de la graine d'ispaghul. En particulier, l'invention concerne l'utilisation de ladite composition comme aliment, nourriture pour animaux, et / ou complément alimentaire pour animaux, ainsi que le procédé de fabrication de cette composition.
PCT/DK2007/050154 2006-10-26 2007-10-25 Composition comprenant de la lignine et un composant anti-diarrhéique WO2008049437A1 (fr)

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WO2011068415A3 (fr) * 2009-12-02 2011-07-28 Ewos Innovation As Procédés et compositions d'aliments pour masquer des produits semiochimqiues pour poissons
KR101071374B1 (ko) * 2008-12-31 2011-10-10 주식회사 고려비엔피 반추위 발효 안정화를 위한 액상형 완충제의 제조방법
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CN104431644A (zh) * 2015-01-13 2015-03-25 四川农业大学 一种改善断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的氨基酸添加剂
JP2017532369A (ja) * 2014-08-25 2017-11-02 アナタラ・ライフサイエンスズ・リミテッド 抗微生物剤耐性を回避する抗下痢製剤
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