WO2008029361A1 - Circuit integré et utilisaton de celui-ci - Google Patents
Circuit integré et utilisaton de celui-ci Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008029361A1 WO2008029361A1 PCT/IB2007/053579 IB2007053579W WO2008029361A1 WO 2008029361 A1 WO2008029361 A1 WO 2008029361A1 IB 2007053579 W IB2007053579 W IB 2007053579W WO 2008029361 A1 WO2008029361 A1 WO 2008029361A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- integrated circuit
- input
- output
- capacitors
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910019897 RuOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019834 RhO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KZYDBKYFEURFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxorhodium Chemical compound O=[Rh]=O KZYDBKYFEURFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002353 SrRuO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052454 barium strontium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(oxo)titanium;lead(2+) Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NKZSPGSOXYXWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L iron(ii) gluconate Chemical compound [Fe+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940112735 lead carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/0203—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits
- H01L27/0248—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection
- H01L27/0251—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/55—Capacitors with a dielectric comprising a perovskite structure material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L28/00—Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L28/40—Capacitors
- H01L28/60—Electrodes
- H01L28/65—Electrodes comprising a noble metal or a noble metal oxide, e.g. platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), ruthenium dioxide (RuO2), iridium (Ir), iridium dioxide (IrO2)
Definitions
- the invention relates to an integrated circuit for protection of an external component, that is in use coupled to at least one output, and for filtering of analog signals of certain input voltages, which circuit comprises an input for receiving said an analog signal with an input voltage, an ESD protection element and a passband filter and an output for transmitting the filtered analog signal with an output voltage lower than a prescribed limit.
- Such an integrated circuit is known from WO-A 2006/008680. As explained in the known document, ESD protection is needed for a variety of components within a mobile phone.
- a second application class of the integrated circuits involves the connection to a voice band codec in particular, and to analog signals more in general.
- Specific audio interfaces include the interface to a speaker, from a microphone and to system connectors.
- Specific filtering is desired here in order to remove induced signals from long cables, demodulate induced signals by non- linear elements, provide channel resistance in order to match differential channels and allow biasing. Some of these filtering tasks are met in that the filter is specifically a filter with a ⁇ -type topology.
- the integrated circuit suitably comprises resistors.
- the protection elements are herein preferably diodes and more preferably Zener diodes. They are designed to withstand very high ESD pulses of 8 kV or more as measured in accordance with the Human Body Model. These high requirements form a barrier to commercially attractive and technologically achievable integration with other circuits, such as memories, amplifiers, transceivers, microprocessors and the like as conventionally made in CMOS technology.
- the integrated circuit comprises an input structure and an output structure.
- the input structure comprises an input for receiving said an analog signal with an input voltage, an ESD protection element and a passband filter.
- the output structure comprises a first and second parallel channel so as to be differential, each channel comprising a coupling capacitor and an output for transmitting the filtered analog signal with an output voltage lower than a prescribed limit.
- the coupling capacitors are ferroelectric capacitors with a capacitance dependent on a bias voltage, said voltage dependence being substantially independent of the application of a transient peak bias voltage, and wherein the input voltage as amended by the input structure acts as the bias voltage.
- the required property will also be referred to as a symmetry requirement. In fact, one may distinguish several types of symmetry.
- symmetry of the voltage dependence of the capacitance around the maximum capacitance there may be a symmetry of the voltage dependence of the capacitance around the maximum capacitance.
- This kind of symmetry is highly preferred, but not strictly necessary for the invention, as will be explained in the following.
- symmetry of the voltage dependence of the capacitance around zero bias voltage Suitably, this is combined with the first kind of symmetry.
- this kind of symmetry is not strictly needed in which the circuit carries a (modulated) DC voltage (e.g. a DC voltage with certain AC voltage on top of it), which has always the same polarity (e.g. is always larger or smaller than 0 volt). And else, because it can be measured, lack of symmetry of this kind may be compensated through design measures.
- the circuit is provided with a differential output structure having at least two channels in which capacitors are provided.
- a differential output structure allows an output with a higher quality, in that the signals from the first and the second channel can be compared in for instance a differential amplifier.
- Such amplifier is conventionally part of the external component, i.e. another integrated circuit, to be protected.
- the use of such differential structure requires that corresponding elements within the parallel channels have been matched to each other, so as to prevent generation of unexpected noise. If not, then the problem of common mode rejection may turn up at low frequencies, such as frequencies that can be heard by a human ear.
- the third order harmonic distortion is particularly relevant for higher frequencies.
- this distortion may be amplified due to particularly non-linear signal processing in the external component.
- This distortion is particularly problematic in as far as it cannot be predicted. Due to this subsequent signal processing third order harmonic distortion may even be a problem for noise in the output structure of relatively low frequencies.
- Such risk of distortion may be decreased by designing the coupling capacitors with a large capacitance, for instance of several nF.
- use may be made of capacitor shapes or dielectric materials that allow a large capacitance density.
- These capacitors nevertheless need to have a sufficiently high breakdown voltage to withstand voltages transmitted by an ESD pulse. Although protection elements take away a larger portion of an ESD pulse, the voltage flowing through the integrated circuit is nevertheless high. Additionally, it has to be a Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) type capacitor in order to design it as a floating capacitor with two metallic contacts.
- MIM Metal-insulator-metal
- ESD pulses may be of different polarity, i.e. either have a negative voltage or a positive voltage.
- the resulting voltage in the circuit may rise to levels of 15 V or even higher, or -15V or even lower. This then brings the ferroelectric capacitor in another state and induces changes in the capacity in the order of up to 50%.
- the ferroelectric capacitors have a capacitance with a voltage dependence that is substantially symmetric around a bias voltage of zero volt.
- the actual voltage, which is the input voltage as amended by the input structure, and possibly further amended, is herein the bias voltage.
- the voltage dependence is such that the variation of the capacitance at a bias voltage of 0 volt is at most 10% after passing of a transient peak bias voltage of 10 V or- 10 V.
- the term 'transient peak bias voltage' is herein used to describe the voltage flowing through the integrated circuit after an ESD pulse.
- the variation of the capacitance at a bias voltage of 0 volt is at most 10% after passing of a transient bias voltage of 20 V or- 20 V. Even more suitably, the variation is less than 5 % or even less than 1% after passing of such transient bias voltage of 20 V or -20V.
- the capacitor is a stacked capacitor, in which an intermediate electrode is embedded in a dielectric between a bottom and top electrode.
- the intermediate electrode will herein be input and the top and the bottom electrode together form output of the capacitor, or vice versa. It has been found that such a stacked capacitor fulfils such symmetry requirements better than non- stacked capacitors. Even though the bottom and top electrode of a non-stacked capacitor may be made of the same material, interface charges, processing steps and the material of the underlying substrate tend to give a certain asymmetry. Apparently, the charge flow in opposite directions within a stacked capacitor cancels such asymmetry to a substantial extent. This cancelling effect is found to extend relatively far.
- the intermediate electrode has a workfunction between that of the bottom electrode and the top electrode.
- the bottom and center electrode comprise a noble metal
- the top electrode comprises another material.
- platinum Pt
- TiW or TiWN TiWN
- any capacitors that form part of the passband filter in the input structure, and in any passband type filter that may be present in the output structure are also ferroelectric capacitors.
- This enables better process integration, e.g. one layer of dielectric material may be used in several capacitors. It is herein a possibility to design such capacitors with a higher breakdown voltage.
- a stacked capacitor is provided with a first branch and a second branch.
- the first branch is herein designed with a floating electrode or without intermediate electrode and with a shorter RC time constant than the second branch. Therefore, a pulsed voltage peak will substantially follow the first branch.
- the second branch will here be provided as a stacked capacitor.
- the second branch can be left out, but this is rather disadvantageous for the capacitance density. It is observed here for clarity that the voltage dependence is not so much a problem for such passband capacitors. These have to filter out signals above a certain cut-off frequency. If the capacitance changes as a consequence of a transient bias voltage, the cut-off frequency might change slightly. However, generally, there is a plurality of filters to improve the filtering.
- the ferroelectric capacitors comprise a lead- containing dielectric between a bottom and a top electrode, while a lead-donating layer is present on a reverse side of said bottom and/or said top electrode.
- dielectrics are for instance PbZr ⁇ x Ti x O 3 and Pbi_ y La y Zr ⁇ x Ti x O 3 with 0.00 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.20 and 0.00 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0.
- Other materials include PbMgo.33Nbo.67O3 as mixed with any of the above mentioned materials or optionally any other ferroelectric material. The materials are suitably applied with sol-gel processing. Further materials will be apparent to the skilled person in the field.
- the presence of a lead-donating layer on or under the ferroelectric capacitor strongly increases the capacitance density.
- An increase of about 30% was achieved with the application of a lead-donating layer below the ferroelectric capacitor.
- the bottom electrode is patterned such that the lead-donating layer and the dielectric have a mutual interface on more than one side of the bottom electrode. This may further improve the mechanical stability of the materials stack, particularly under the influence of thermal, mechanical or thermomechanical stress. Such stress may be due to the presence of solder balls on top of the capacitor.
- the integrated circuit further comprises a voltage supply line coupled to the input structure for provision of an operating voltage to a second external component that is in use coupled to the input of the integrated circuit, which voltage supply line is connected to the channels of the differential output structure.
- the external component is designed such that a calibration of the ferroelectric coupling capacitors is enabled, when in use the - first - external component is coupled to the outputs of the output structure. This embodiment allows a further control of the coupling capacitors with a calibration step.
- switches and additional capacitors are provided within the integrated circuit so as to tune the coupling capacitors prior to use or even during use.
- Varactors or even MEMS capacitors may be used alternatively, if made with appropriate breakdown voltages. As long as not connected, such capacitors are not facing any high voltage.
- ferroelectric capacitors could be used, although capacitors with a non- ferroelectric dielectric such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, titanium oxide or the like appear suitable as well.
- such further capacitor can be embodied directly on top of the ferroelectric capacitor, such that the top electrode forms one of the electrodes of the additional capacitor. Switches can achieve that this additional capacitor is either not connected or connected in parallel or connected in series to the ferroelectric capacitor.
- an alternative advantage of the embodiment of the invention with the additional supply line is the option of differential operation.
- the symmetric behaviour of the coupling capacitors of the invention are very beneficial for common mode suppression, and enable the use of amplifiers with variable amplifier voltage.
- Such amplifiers are particularly part of an external component coupled to the output.
- a variable amplifier voltage is desired to improve gain control.
- the integrated circuit comprises a second input structure and a second output structure, which are substantially identical to the - first - input structure and output structure respectively, so as to enable transmission of stereo analog signals. Actually, this constitutes a second circuit within the same integrated circuit that is usually isolated from the first circuit.
- Fig. 1 shows an electrical diagram of the integrated circuit
- Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional drawing of the integrated circuit.
- Fig. 1 shows an electrical diagram of the integrated circuit in one embodiment.
- This embodiment is designed for a microphone.
- the circuit comprises an input structure 50 and an output structure 70.
- the input structure 50 is provided with an input (MiCin), a protection element D and a pass band filter 52.
- the protection element D is in this example a diode.
- a Zener diode is a suitable embodiment, particularly in combination with a connection to a good-conducting substrate zone. This enables a rapid removal of large voltage peaks and the associated heat. Most suitable is the use of a back-to-back diode as the protection element D.
- the pass band filter in this case a low pass filter, is a ⁇ -type filter comprising a first and a second capacitor Cl, C2 and a resistor Rl. The capacitors Cl, C2 are connected between the supply line and the ground.
- the output structure 70 is differential and comprises a first channel 71 and a second channel 72.
- the first channel 71 comprises a coupling capacitor C6, an output MicP and further a filter 73.
- This filter is a ⁇ -type filter comprising capacitors C2, C4 and a resistor R3.
- the second channel 72 comprises a coupling capacitor C7, an output MicN and another filter.
- This filter is a ⁇ -type filter comprising capacitors C3, C5 and a resistor R4. These capacitors have for instance a capacitance of 1 nF, while the capacitors C6, C7 have a capacitance of 6 nF. These values are however open to optimisation and dependent on a specific application. It however appears suitable that the coupling capacitors C6, C7 have a larger capacitance than the filtering capacitors C1-C5.
- the second channel 72 further comprises a resistor R2, which acts as a delay line and/or current divider.
- the circuit further comprises a voltage supply line 80.
- This voltage supply line is provided with an input (Bias), and extends to the input structure 50 while passing the resistor R2 in the second channel 72 of the output structure 70.
- the channels 71, 72 of the output structure and the voltage supply line 80 are all provided with protection elements D2. These are needed to protect the circuit against ESD pulses entering from the side of the output, for instance during assembly.
- the protection elements D2 are furthermore desired to take away any voltage peaks that have been flowing through the integrated circuit. Even though the integrated circuit may reduce the ESD pulse from 100 V to 10 V and take away 99% of its intensity, the 10V peak may still be higher than acceptable in the external component. Such additional protection D2 may however not be needed everywhere.
- the voltage supply line 80 supplies a voltage to the microphone.
- This microphone is an external component (not shown) that is coupled to the input MiCin.
- the voltage supply line is driven through its input Bias from another external component.
- This external component is suitably an integrated circuit with driver functionality.
- the external component is further suitable to process the signals transmitted by the differential output structure.
- the voltage supply line supplies a DC signal while the line from input to output transmits an AC signal.
- the coupling capacitors C6, C7 are ferroelectric capacitors with a capacitance dependent on a bias voltage, said voltage dependence being substantially symmetric around a bias voltage of 0 volt, and wherein the input voltage as amended by the input structure acts as the bias voltage.
- Fig. 2 shows an example device of the invention. It is not in any case meant to be limiting, and it is purely diagrammatical.
- a semiconductor substrate 1 was provided with first semiconductor regions 2 and second semiconductor regions 3.
- the substrate 1 was doped with B as the dopant of a first doping type.
- the first semiconductor regions 2 were doped with B in a lower doping density.
- the second semiconductor regions 3 were doped with P as the dopant of the second doping type.
- An insulating layer 4 of for instance SiO 2 , Si3N4 or a combination of Si3N4 and SiO2 is provided on the semiconductor substrate 1.
- the insulating layer 4 can be covered by a barrier layer 5 of TiO 2 or ZrO 2 or Al 2 ⁇ 3 or MgO or a combination of Si3N4 and TiO 2 . Particularly TiO 2 is suitable.
- a lead-donating layer is provided thereon.
- Such lead-donating layer suitably comprises a material such as leadoxide, leadcarbonate, leadtitanate, leadzirconate-titanate, leadlanthanate-zirconate-titanate, leadzirconate.
- use is made of the same material as for the first dielectric layer.
- the ferroelectric capacitor with such lead-donating layer is found to have a substantially higher capacity, for instance 30% higher. This comparison is made such that the thickness of the dielectric between the top and bottom electrodes was equal in both ferroelectric capacitors.
- a patterned, first electrically conductive layer 6 is provided, for instance comprising Pt with a layer thickness of 50 nm to 1 ⁇ m. Other metals may be used alternatively. Additional layers, for instance of Ti, may be present for improvement of adhesion.
- metals and metal stacks may be used alternatively such as , TiW/Pt, Ta/Pt, W, Ni, Mo, Au, Cu, Ir, IrO2/Ir, Ti/Pt/Al, Ti/Ag, Ti/Ag/Ti, Ti/Ag/Ir, Ti/Ir, Ti/Pd, Ti/Agi_ x Pt x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Ti/Agi_ x Pd x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), A gl .
- the first electrically conductive layer 6 comprises first electrodes of a first and a second capacitor, as will be shown and explained in more detailed with reference to the Figures 2-4.
- a top view corresponding to the Fig. 2 is shown in Fig. 5.
- a first dielectric layer 7 is present on the first electrically conductive layer 6, as well as on the barrier layer 5, where the first conductive layer 6 is absent.
- a preferred example is a complex oxide layer 7, for instance a ferroelectric layer of Pbi_ y La y Zri_ x Ti x ⁇ 3, with 0.00 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.20 and 0.0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0.
- Other complex oxide layers having a relatively high dielectric constant are known to the skilled person and include materials such as bariumstrontiumtitanate, leadtitanate-leadmanganese-niobium.
- a nucleation layer with another composition that the first dielectric layer 7 may be applied on the first conductive layer 6 so as to improve adhesion.
- a suitable nucleation layer is for instance a layer of titanium oxide, PbZri_ x Ti x ⁇ 3 or Pbi_ y La y Zri_ x Ti x ⁇ 3, with x and y in the same range as mentioned above.
- An intermediate electrode layer 16 is provided on the first dielectric layer 7 and covered with a second dielectric layer 17.
- the patterns in this intermediate electrode 16 include an intermediate electrode of the second capacitor, and optionally a floating electrode in the first capacitor.
- the second dielectric layer 17 comprises a complex oxide layer, and more suitably, this is - at least for the major part - the same as the material as that of the first dielectric layer 7.
- Use of the same material is understood to provide a most regular structure of the dielectric and therefore preferred. The structure of the dielectric influences both the breakdown and dielectric properties positively. Use of another nucleation layer is not excluded.
- the material of this intermediate electrode layer 16 is preferably the same as that of the first conductive layer 6.
- Adhesion layers for the intermediate electrode are most likely not be used but could be used, if necessary.
- the growth of the (poly)crystalline ferroelectric layers is dependent on the substrate structure.
- a floating electrode would therefore be undesired, in that adjacent portions of the dielectric have a different support.
- the structure of the dielectric on the floating electrode and adjacent to the floating electrode will be the very similar or even identical.
- Contact holes reaching down to the semiconductor substrate 1 were made after the etching of the first and the second dielectric layers 7, 17, with conventional etchant that are specific for the layers.
- the contact holes were filled with a conductive material, such as Al, Cu, Pt or an alloy of Al and Cu or of Al and Si or combinations of Ti and Al or Ti and Cu or Ti and an alloy of Al and Cu or of Ti and Al and Si or combinations of TiW and Al or TiW and Cu or TiW and an alloy of Al and Cu or of Al and Si or combinations of TiW or TiWN - both also referred to as TiW(N) - and Al or TiW(N) and Cu or TiW(N) and an alloy of Al and Cu or Al and Si or combinations of TiN and Al or TiN and Cu or TiN an alloy of Al and Cu or of Al and Si to provide first, second and third supply leads 8,9,19.
- a conductive material such as Al, Cu, Pt or an alloy of Al and Cu or of Al and Si or combinations of Ti and Al or Ti and Cu
- the conductive material was also provided on top of the complex oxide layer 17 to form a second electrically conductive layer 10, in which the second electrode of the capacitor is defined.
- an additional barrier layer for instance of TaN or TiN, may be provided between the complex oxide layer 17 and the second electrically conductive layer 10.
- TiW(N) and Al was found to have an appropriate symmetry behaviour.
- an additional Pt electrode can be provided between the complex oxide layer 17 and the TiW(N) layer.
- a passivation layer 11 in this case of silicon nitride is present.
- the passivation layer 11 is provided with contact holes 12, 13 defining in 12, out 13 and the ground contact 15 of the circuit.
- Metal or solder bumps are provided to the contact in known manner.
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- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne un circuit intégré qui comprend une structure d'entrée et une structure de sortie, laquelle structure d'entrée comprend une entrée pour recevoir un signal analogique avec une tension d'entrée, un élément de protection contre les décharges électrostatiques (ESD) et un filtre passe-bande, et la structure de sortie comprenant des premier et second canaux parallèles de façon à être différentiels, chaque canal comprenant un condensateur de couplage et une sortie pour émettre le signal analogique filtré avec une tension de sortie inférieure à une limite prescrite. Les condensateurs de couplage sont des condensateurs ferroélectriques avec une capacité dépendante d'une tension de polarisation, ladite dépendance en tension étant sensiblement symétrique autour d'une capacité maximale, et étant sensiblement indépendante de l'application de tensions de polarisation de crête transitoires, et la tension d'entrée telle que modifiée par la structure d'entrée agissant en tant que tension de polarisation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP06120225 | 2006-09-06 | ||
EP06120225.5 | 2006-09-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2008029361A1 true WO2008029361A1 (fr) | 2008-03-13 |
Family
ID=38787064
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2007/053579 WO2008029361A1 (fr) | 2006-09-06 | 2007-09-05 | Circuit integré et utilisaton de celui-ci |
PCT/EP2007/007784 WO2008028660A2 (fr) | 2006-09-06 | 2007-09-06 | DISPOSITIF ÉQUIPÉ D'UN CONDENSATEUR COMPRENANT UNE COUCHE MINCE À CONSTANTE DIÉLECTRIQUE ÉLEVÉE À BASE DE Pb ET DES COUCHES DONNEUSES DE Pb |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2007/007784 WO2008028660A2 (fr) | 2006-09-06 | 2007-09-06 | DISPOSITIF ÉQUIPÉ D'UN CONDENSATEUR COMPRENANT UNE COUCHE MINCE À CONSTANTE DIÉLECTRIQUE ÉLEVÉE À BASE DE Pb ET DES COUCHES DONNEUSES DE Pb |
Country Status (1)
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WO (2) | WO2008029361A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3128544B1 (fr) * | 2014-04-03 | 2021-01-20 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Dispositif à capacité variable et son procédé de production |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8901705B2 (en) | 2008-10-28 | 2014-12-02 | Nxp, B.V. | 3D integration of a MIM capacitor and a resistor |
WO2010122454A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-28 | Nxp B.V. | Procédé de fabrication de dispositif passif intégré avec un condensateur mim et une résistance haute précision sur le dessus |
EP2325867A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-05-25 | Nxp B.V. | Condensateur constant hautement diélectrique |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998000871A1 (fr) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-01-08 | Gennum Corporation | Structures de condensateurs a film multicouches et procede s'y rapportant |
US20030228848A1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2003-12-11 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Semiconductor filter circuit and method |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5801065A (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1998-09-01 | Universal Semiconductor, Inc. | Structure and fabrication of semiconductor device having merged resistive/capacitive plate and/or surface layer that provides ESD protection |
JP3839239B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-05 | 2006-11-01 | 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ | 半導体集積回路装置 |
KR100389032B1 (ko) * | 2000-11-21 | 2003-06-25 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 강유전체 메모리 장치 및 그의 제조 방법 |
-
2007
- 2007-09-05 WO PCT/IB2007/053579 patent/WO2008029361A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-09-06 WO PCT/EP2007/007784 patent/WO2008028660A2/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998000871A1 (fr) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-01-08 | Gennum Corporation | Structures de condensateurs a film multicouches et procede s'y rapportant |
US20030228848A1 (en) * | 2002-06-11 | 2003-12-11 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Semiconductor filter circuit and method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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PHILIPS SEMICONDUCTORS: "Integrated Discretes for Cellular Usage", APPLICATION NOTES, 25 September 2003 (2003-09-25), pages 1 - 17, XP002462176 * |
STAUF G T ET AL: "THIN FILM HIGH K DIELECTRICS FOR INTEGRATED PASSIVE DEVICES", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROCIRCUITS AND ELECTRONIC PACKAGING, INTERNATIONAL MICROELECTRONICS & PACKAGING SOCIETY, US, vol. 20, no. 2, 1 April 1997 (1997-04-01), pages 75 - 80, XP000696060, ISSN: 1063-1674 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3128544B1 (fr) * | 2014-04-03 | 2021-01-20 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Dispositif à capacité variable et son procédé de production |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008028660A3 (fr) | 2008-04-17 |
WO2008028660A2 (fr) | 2008-03-13 |
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