WO2008006034A2 - Panneau mural léger de ciment à montants de renfort - Google Patents

Panneau mural léger de ciment à montants de renfort Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008006034A2
WO2008006034A2 PCT/US2007/072878 US2007072878W WO2008006034A2 WO 2008006034 A2 WO2008006034 A2 WO 2008006034A2 US 2007072878 W US2007072878 W US 2007072878W WO 2008006034 A2 WO2008006034 A2 WO 2008006034A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall panel
foam block
foam
wall
exterior layer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2007/072878
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008006034A3 (fr
Inventor
Thuan Bui
Harold G. Messenger
Original Assignee
Oldcastle Precast, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oldcastle Precast, Inc. filed Critical Oldcastle Precast, Inc.
Publication of WO2008006034A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008006034A2/fr
Publication of WO2008006034A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008006034A3/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to building components, and more specifically low density concrete wall panels that are manufactured in a controlled environment and can be selectively interconnected on-site to fabricate modular buildings.
  • wall panels are situated in locations where it is desirable to have openings to accommodate cables, pipes and the like, hi some previous approaches, wall panels were cast so as to include any necessary openings that require careful planning and design, thus increasing costs. In other approaches, wall panels were cast without such openings and the required openings were formed after casting, e.g. by sawing, drilling, or similar procedures. Such post-casting procedures, for example cutting through thick and/or steel-reinforced panels are labor-intensive and expensive. Further, in many processes for creating openings, there is a relatively high potential for cracking or splitting of the wall panel. Accordingly, it would be useful to provide wall panels wherein passageways for fluid, air, and/or electrical conduits may be cost effectively integrated in desired locations with a reduced potential for cracking or splitting.
  • wall panels of the prior art are generally lightweight, durable, and can be manufactured with readily available material.
  • the wall panels of the prior art usually employ a thickened exterior wall of concrete that is internally supported by a framework of metal, i.e. "re-bar".
  • the thickness of the exterior wall and the presence of metallic reinforcement makes the wall panel difficult to modify during construction. It should be noted that previous attempts to fabricate thin shell wall panels have resulted in walls with reduced load carrying capacity, but for most low level residential structures the load carrying capability of thin shelled wall panels may be adequate.
  • the exterior walls of buildings often include various types of siding that can be mounted directly to the building structure (i.e. framing).
  • the siding protects the buildings from rain, wind, snow, etc. which in turn can cause damage to the framing and other elements of the building.
  • a building may include wood siding, plastic siding, metal siding, or composite siding, etc.
  • the siding while meant to protect the interior of the building from the elements, is often itself susceptible to deterioration from the elements.
  • a common type of siding is corrugated metal siding because of the wide array of design options it provides. This corrugated metal siding, however, is susceptible to rusting which can present an unsightly appearance along with allowing moisture and wind to penetrate into the interior of the building.
  • inventions of the present invention are comprised of a plurality of lightweight foam insulative blocks separated by metal studs.
  • the metal studs provide sufficient compressive strength to the wall panel.
  • a layer of lightweight concrete is employed on one side of the insulative foam blocks to provide a surface that is resistant to heat, cold, wind, water and other natural conditions.
  • the wall panel as provided herein is contemplated to become an exterior of a building. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the wall panel as disclosed herein is ideal for interior walls of a building.
  • the insulative foam blocks provide thermal isolation between the metal components of the wall and the concrete components of the wall.
  • the insulation provides an excellent barrier from the outside elements.
  • the insulation panels in accordance with embodiments of the present invention provide added structural support for the thin layer of concrete, which allows for the omission of reinforcing bar structures that are generally embedded in the concrete wall panels of the prior art. More specifically, in the past, thicker external walls were required to provide sufficient structural support. Since wall panels as described herein employ insulation panels that carry some of the load, a reinforcing bar substructure is not required. That is, by utilizing foam blocks positioned between the metallic studs, a great degree of surface area is provided for which a thin concrete layer can bond, thereby allowing the omission of the reinforcing bar structure generally embedded in the wall structure and which allows for thinner, lighter wall section.
  • the exterior wall of embodiments of the present invention is made of high performance or lightweight concrete.
  • the concrete may be comprised partially of sand expanded perlite or the like for aggregate with polyvinyl acelate (PVA) fiber embedded therein.
  • PVA polyvinyl acelate
  • Concrete of this type allows for the incorporation of fasteners, such as nails and screws and allows the wall panel to be cut like wood, which translates to flexibility in the construction of residential buildings.
  • the concrete layer be easily modified to accept any number of interior and exterior textures, surfaces or cladding materials. More specifically, the present invention is capable of being finished with stucco, siding, brick, drywall or other type of interior or exterior surface finish.
  • exterior claddings of bricks or stones may be employed into the casting when the wall panel is being fabricated thereby yielding a finished exterior facade.
  • the exterior layer may comprise SHEETCRETE TM by Oldcastle Precast, Inc.” or glasscrete as an alternative material to concrete.
  • embodiments of the present invention include at least one utility conduit that is positioned at least partially within the wall panel for the receipt of substantially any type of utility line which may be required in residential or commercial construction.
  • Utility conduits integrated into the wall panels may be oriented in one or more directions are generally positioned in the insulation panels near the interior surface of the wall panel.
  • portions of the metallic studs that are situated away from the concrete exterior wall may be used to accept dry wall, or wood strips that are used to interconnect dry wall or other types of interior surface material.
  • a layer of dens armor, traditional gypsum, drywall, or other building material may be placed in the fixture during fabrication to yield a wall panel with a completed interior wall.
  • a layer of "sheet crete" or other gypsum or cementious material as disclosed in U.S. provisional patent application 60/741,487, entitled "Lightweight Structural Concrete With Properties Similar to Wood” may be employed to form the interior faces of the wall panel.
  • the finished product is fire resistant, substantially maintenance free, mold resistant, insect proof, wind resistant and projectile resistant.
  • a fire and smoke resistant surface may be affixed to the interior and exterior walls or the insulative foam itself.
  • the use of insulation provides a wall panel that is insulated, and one embodiment having an enhanced resistance to heat flow (R-value). Further, with proper treatment of the concrete, the wall panel is substantially water resistant.
  • the wall panel will have sufficient rigidity and structural strength to allow for the interconnection of hardware such as screws, bolts, etc. Without requiring the location of a stud. Thus cabinets, pictures and other interior items may be hung directly from hardware penetrating the wall panel.
  • a wall panel that has a substantially joint free internal surface.
  • embodiments of the present invention utilize a concrete like internal surface thereby yielding an internal wall having substantially no joints.
  • the wall panel is provided that does not require further post direction finishing to prepare drywall, for example.
  • previous wall panels similar to those described herein may have included wood strips or other surfaces for drywall nails, a feature no longer required.
  • wood or other materials may be integrated in the wall to provide an interface for wood framing if so desired.
  • wall panels of the prior art generally require the use of clips that are permanently attached to the metal studs that interface with the layer of concrete. Since the concrete layer of embodiments of the present invention is substantially thinner than those previously used, fewer clips are required because the majority of structural support of the concrete wall panel is provided by the insulation foam blocks. Thus embodiments of the present invention utilize a plurality of clips interconnected to the metal studs along the height thereof. During fabrication, the clips are inserted into the still wet concrete wherein curing of the concrete permanently affixes the exterior wall onto the metal studs. Nylon cladding is used on the clips in one embodiment to minimize the heat transfer between the concrete wall and the metal stud. Since the clips are a secondary attachment mechanism, fewer clips are needed to interconnect the exterior wall to the metal studs. This unique modification reduces the number of thermal transmission points between the concrete and metal frame., thus improving the thermal efficiency of the wall panel.
  • a bonding material may additionally be used.
  • the bonding of the insulation panels to the exterior wall also provides additional structural support of the exterior wall.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention thus employ a primer coat onto the exterior wall after it is initially placed.
  • This primer coat may be PVA or acrylic resin.
  • the bonding coat is cementious that includes portland cement, flyash and super plasticizer.
  • emulsion polymer or a moisture cured urethane may be used to ensure fast and easy application.
  • these materials are applied to the exterior wall by a roller or a spray. Bonding may be used on all surfaces of the metal stud as well to ensure that the sides of the insulation panel are affixed securely thereto.
  • the clips may be coated with some sort of bonding material to enhance their interconnection with the exterior wall.
  • a lightweight wall panel that provides a building facade for the exterior of a building.
  • wall panels of some embodiments of the present invention include a lightweight foam insulative block with embedded studs .
  • the studs provide compressive strength to the wall panel.
  • the studs comprise metal studs.
  • ordinary artisans will realize that other materials, such as composite materials or plastic for instance, can be utilized to construct the studs.
  • a layer of lightweight concrete (see discussion of concrete supra) is employed on one side of the insulative foam block to provide a surface that is resistant to heat, cold, wind, water and other natural conditions.
  • multiple wall panels can be connected together in an end-to-end relationship to provide a facade of a desired width for a building. More specifically, one end of a wall panel may be provided with a cutout allowing a portion of a stud to protrude therefrom. Additionally, one end of an adjacent wall panel may be provided with a bracket protruding therefrom. Thereafter, the bracket may be connected to protruding portion of the stud so as to mount the wall panels together in an end-to-end relationship. Ordinary artisans will realize that the bracket can be connected to the protruding portion of the stud in multiple ways, including, but not limited to, welding, riveting, a threaded connection, etc. While the wall panel as provided herein is contemplated to become an exterior of a building, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the wall panel as disclosed herein is ideal for interior walls of a building.
  • a lightweight wall panel that includes a foam block with a plurality of embedded studs for providing compressive strength to the panel.
  • the studs are preferably C-shaped metal studs that substantially extend from a front surface to a back surface of the foam block.
  • ordinary artisans will realize that studs of various other shapes and materials or studs that do not extend the entire length of the foam block can be utilized.
  • the foam block is formed with reinforcement therein, it is placed on top of a not yet cured layer of lightweight concrete in order to form the lightweight wall panel.
  • various types of fasteners can be inserted into the foam block and into the stud (via a threaded connection, interference fit, etc) so that the foam block can be placed on top of the uncured concrete or other exterior layer wherein the fasteners are inserted into the uncured concrete or other exterior layer. Thereafter, once the exterior layer fully cures, the foam block will be more rigidly connected to the exterior layer due to its mechanical bond with the fasteners.
  • a second layer of concrete or other material can be placed or otherwise formed on the side of the foam block opposite from the first layer of concrete or other material. To aid in the bonding strength of the foam block to the second layer, bores can be formed through the foam block and a portion of the studs.
  • Embodiments of the present invention thus include foam blocks and studs with bores along with the aforementioned fasteners that provide a more robust and durable wall panel.
  • buildings can be retrofitted by mounting the lightweight wall panels of the present invention directly onto the exterior of the building or by removing exterior layers of the building and then mounting the wall panels of the present invention onto desired sections of the building.
  • the concrete may include color additives to provide for a wall of a desired appearance.
  • methods known in the art can be used to create the impression of bricks or other shapes in the layer of concrete or other material.
  • a low density concrete wall panel comprising: an exterior layer comprised of at least one of a cementious or gypsum based material; a plurality of generally parallel spaced foam blocks positioned on said layer of cementious or gypsum based material, each foam block having an upper end, a lower end and two lateral sides extending therebetween wherein one lateral side further comprises a lip extending therefrom that defines a space between adjacent foam blocks; a plurality of metallic framing members each with an upper end and a lower end, at least one framing member of the plurality thereof positioned within the space between adjacent foam blocks; a first channel interconnected to said upper ends of said plurality of spaced metallic framing members; and a second channel interconnected to said lower ends of said plurality of spaced framing members.
  • a low density wall panel comprising: a first exterior layer comprised of at least one of a cementious or gypsum based material; a foam block positioned on the first exterior layer, the foam block having a front surface and a rear surface, the front surface being in contact with the first exterior layer; a plurality of studs embedded in the foam block, wherein each stud includes first and second portions, the first portion being adjacent the front surface of the foam block and the second portion being generally opposite the first portion; and at least one fastener extending into the foam block and the first exterior layer.
  • Fig. 1 is a top perspective view of a wall panel of one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a top perspective view of a foam insulation block of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a top perspective view of a metal frame employed in embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a partial detailed perspective view of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 5 is a partial bottom plan view of the embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 6 is a variation of the embodiment of Fig. 1 illustrating a series of bores to aid in attachment of a second layer of concrete or other material
  • Fig. 7 is a top plan view of a wall panel of another embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 8 is a partial top plan view illustrating the end-to-end interconnection of two wall panels according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a partial top plan view of a wall panel of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a lightweight wall panel 2 that includes a plurality of metal studs 6 that receive foam insulation blocks 10 positioned therebetween.
  • the foam blocks 10 used in the present invention are generally rectangular with an upper surface 14, a lower surface 18 and two lateral side surfaces 22.
  • an interior 26 and exterior surface 30 is provided.
  • at least one lateral side surface has a lip 34 depending therefrom that generally extends the exterior surface 30. The lip 34 is adapted to receive the metallic stud 6 and separates the metallic stud 6 from a layer of lightweight concrete material 38 that is affixed to the exterior surface 30 of the foam block.
  • Wall panels 2 as contemplated herein also may include insulative strips 42 adjacent to a lower surface 18 and an upper surface 14 of the foam blocks 10 that provide a location for the interconnection of a channel 46 that also interconnects to upper 50 and lower 54 edges of the metallic studs 6.
  • the channel 46 provides a location wherein air, utility, or fluid conduits may be situated.
  • some foam blocks 10 of the wall panel 2 may include at least one passage 58 for the receipt of conduits for receiving electrical wiring, piping, etc. as well. In order to allow the conduits to traverse the entire width of the wall panel, one skilled in the art will appreciate that apertures 62 may also be included into the metal studs 6.
  • the wall panel 2 is comprised generally of an exterior wall 38 of a lightweight concrete material. After the concrete material is placed, a plurality of foam blocks 10 are positioned thereon. As the exterior wall 38 cures, the foam blocks 10 will adhere thereto. To enhance adherence of the foam blocks to the exterior wall, dovetails or other shaped cutouts may be made into the surface of the foam block in any location and in any direction that contacts the exterior wall 38. Such cutouts will allow a portion of the exterior wall 38 to flow into the cutout before the exterior wall 38 is fully cured thus increasing the aforementioned adherence once the exterior wall 38 is fully cured.
  • the foam blocks 10 may include a lip 34 that receives the metal studs 6 that effectively separate the foam blocks 10.
  • the metal studs 6 may be comprised of a c- channel or a solid piece of metal depending on the required strength of the wall panel 2.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the foam blocks 10 do not entirely match the height of the exterior wall 38 thereby providing a gap that separates the foam blocks 10 from a metal channel 46 that spans between the ends of the metal studs 6.
  • foam strips 42 are added adjacent to the upper surface and the lower surface 54 of the foam blocks 10 that receive a portion of the channel 46 and the metal studs 6.
  • the metal stud 6 may also include stud apertures 62 that provide access to passages 58 built into the foam block 10. A plurality of passages 58 may further be aligned to incorporate conduit through the width of the wall panel 10.
  • the channel 46 which is positioned at the top edge and the bottom edge of the wall may be used for conduit as well. Further, if c-channels are utilized for the metallic studs, an air space is also provided that is useful for the transition of conduit therethrough.
  • the channel may also have apertures 64 that allow access to the space provided by the metallic studs 6.
  • the foam block 10 of one embodiment of the present invention is provided. More specifically, the foam block 10 includes the upper surface 14, the lower surface 18 and two lateral surfaces 22 extending therebetween, hi addition, an interior surface 26 and an exterior surface 30 is provided.
  • a lip 34 extends from at least one lateral surface 22 that provides a location for the positioning of the metal stud. This lip 34 performs a double function by providing the required spacing between two adjacent foam blocks 10 and providing a pad that receives the metal stud so that it does not contact the concrete exterior surface limiting undesirable heat transfer.
  • the foam blocks 10 of some embodiments of the present invention include at least one passage 58 forwarded therethrough for the receipt of conduit. Although the passage 58 in Fig. 2 is shown to extend horizontally, one skilled in the art will appreciate that any shape or angulation or orientation of the passage 58 may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the frame system 68 is comprised of a plurality of spaced metal studs 6 wherein the upper edge 50 and lower edge 54 thereof are interconnected to a channel 46.
  • a plurality of clips 72 are provided that are interconnected to the metal studs 6.
  • the clips 72 are preferably coated with nylon or other insulative material thereby limiting the amount of heat transferred between the metal studs 6 and the concrete wall.
  • the insulation panels provide additional structural support to the exterior concrete wall, the amount of clips 72 required in many embodiments of the present invention are significantly reduced, thus further ensuring that some thermal expansion issues are alleviated.
  • the channel 46 may be affixed to the metal studs 6 in any way previously used in the art, such as welding, riveting, screwing, nailing, bonding, to name a few.
  • Fig. 4 a cut away view of one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Upon review of this figure, one skilled in the art will appreciate the method of manufacture of wall panels 2 as contemplated herein. More specifically, initially a layer of lightweight concrete 38 is placed then in a form, preferably to a depth of about 1 1/2 to 1 inch in thickness.
  • a plurality of foam blocks 10 are located in the form wherein the lips 34 of the foam blocks 10 are abutted against the adjacent foam blocks 10 to provide a space for the receipt of metal studs 6.
  • the metal studs 6, which may include the clips 72 interconnected thereto, is then placed on the lip 34 wherein the metal clip 72 includes a portion that penetrates into the still wet and uncured concrete 38 or other wall material.
  • the clip 72 is of such a thickness that it can fit easily between any gap provided between the metal stud 6 and the foam block 10 situated next to the metal stud 6.
  • a foam strip is placed adjacent to the upper and lower surfaces 18 of the foam block 10 over an exposed section of lightweight concrete 38.
  • the channel 46 provides an excellent location for the positioning of wiring, piping, etc. And to provide an insulative air barrier.
  • Fig. 5 a front elevation view of one embodiment of the present invention is shown. This figure illustrates the spacing of the metal stud 6 with respect to the layer of lightweight concrete 38. It also shows that when a C-shaped metallic stud 6 is used, an air barrier and channel is provided that provides a location for conduits.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may use adhesives 76 to secure portions of the metal stud 6 onto the foam blocks 10 that are situated adjacent thereto. In addition, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, adhesives may be employed onto the layer of concrete 38 prior to placing the foam blocks 10 thereon thereby ensuring a tighter bond.
  • Fig. 6 a variation of the embodiment of Fig.
  • a second layer of concrete or other material can effectively be placed onto the foam block opposite from the first layer of concrete or other material.
  • bores 80 are formed through a portion of the studs and into the foam block.
  • a portion of the second layer will flow into the bores 80.
  • the second layer will be more effectively bonded to the wall panel due to the second layer curing within the bores 80 of the foam block and the studs.
  • a lightweight wall panel 102 that includes a foam insulation block 110 with a plurality of studs 106 embedded therein.
  • the foam block includes a front surface 114, a rear surface 1 18, a first end 119, a second end 120, and a length, and can comprise any number of materials including, but not limited to, expanded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane, etc.
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • XPS expanded polystyrene
  • polyurethane etc.
  • Each stud 106 is metal and includes first and second portions 107, 108 that are respectively situated near the front and rear surfaces 114, 118 of the foam block, hi the illustrated embodiment, each stud 106 comprises a z-shaped channel.
  • each stud will preferably extend fi om the top to the bottom of the foam block 110,multiple studs can be utilized from the top to the bottom of the foam block instead of a just a single stud 106.
  • the studs 106 are preferably equally spaced along the length of the foam block.
  • At least one first fastener 122 is mounted to the front surface 1 14 of the foam block and the first portion 107 of the stud 106.
  • the first fastener 122 is mounted to the front surface 114 and the first portion 107 via a threaded connection, an interference fit, etc.
  • Each first fastener 122 includes a portion 126 that protrudes from the front surface 114 of the foam block 110.
  • the first fastener 122 may comprise a screw, bolt, nail, etc., among others, and may further include a head portion 130 for reasons that will be described below.
  • each wall panel 102 also includes an exterior wall 146 constructed of, for instance, a lightweight concrete material.
  • an exterior wall 146 constructed of, for instance, a lightweight concrete material.
  • other lightweight materials such as SHEETCRETETM by Oldcastle Precast, Inc. and glasscrete can also be utilized.
  • Each exterior wall 146 is mounted on the front surface 114 of the wall panel 102. As will be described more fully below, before the material of the exterior wall 146 is fully cured, the protruding portion 126 of each first fastener 122 is pressed into the exterior wall 142 until the front surface 114 of the foam block 1 10 abuts the exterior wall 146.
  • a cutout or cutouts can be provided on the front surface 214 of the foam block to interact with the concrete or other material. These cutouts can be provided in any location and in any direction along the front surface of the foam block.
  • an end-to-end interconnection between two of the wall panels 102 of one embodiment is shown. More specifically, a cutout 134 is formed on the first end 1 19 of the foam block 1 10 of a first wall panel 102 thus exposing the second portion 108 of a stud 106.
  • the second portion 108 of the stud 106 may be provided with an aperture 143 for receiving a second fastener 142 as will be described below.
  • the second end 120 of a second wall panel 102 includes a bracket 138 with a portion 139 protruding from the second end 120 mounted adjacent to the second portion 108 of a stud 106.
  • bracket 138 can be mounted to the second end 120 in various ways, such as by curing the foam around the bracket, a threaded connection, gluing, etc. Additionally, the bracket 138 may include an aperture 140 for reasons that will be described below.
  • two wall panels 102 are interconnected in an end-to-end relationship by initially placing the first end 1 19 of a first wall panel 102 adjacent to the second end 120 of a second wall panel 102 such that the protruding portion 139 is located in the cutout 134. Thereafter, the aperture 143 of the second portion 108 of the stud 106 of the first wall panel 102 and the aperture 140 of the bracket 138 of the second wall panel 102 are aligned and a second fastener 143 is inserted therethrough to rigidly interconnect the first and second wall panels 102.
  • the second fastener 143 is threaded such that after the fastener 143 is placedthrough the apertures 143, 140, the fastener 143 is threaded into the siding of a building thus mounting the wall panels to the building.
  • various other interconnection schemes can be used such as nailing, riveting, welding, etc.
  • brackets, second fasteners, etc. can be used to provide a desired rigidity between the panels themselves and/or desired rigidity between the panels and the exterior of a building.
  • the first and second wall panels 102 are shown to be in a collinear arrangement in Fig. 8, it is contemplated that the first and second wall panels 102 could be interconnected such that the first wall panel is arranged at an angle to the second wall panel.
  • a variation of the end-to-end interconnection between two adjacent wall panels 102 is shown. More specifically, the second portion 108 of a stud 106 protrudes from a first wall panel 102 adjacent the first end 119 of first wall panel 102. The second portion 108 of a stud 106 protrudes from a second wall panel 102 adjacent the second end 120 of the second wall panel 102.
  • the second portions 108 of the studs 106 of the first and second wall panels are brought into contact at an overlapping region 150. Thereafter, the second portions are rigidly connected at the overlapping region 150 by any method known in the art, such as, but not limited to, welding, a threaded connection, clamping, etc.
  • FIG. 8b another variation of the end-to-end interconnection between two adjacent wall panels 102 is shown. More specifically, the second portion 108 of a stud 106 protrudes from a first wall panel 102 adjacent the first end 119 of first wall panel 102. The second portion 108 of a stud 106 protrudes from a second wall panel 102 adjacent the second end 120 of the second wall panel 102.
  • the second portions 108 of the studs 106 of the first and second wall panels are brought into contact at an overlapping region 150.
  • a bracket 138 is provided for providing additional support to the overlapping region 150.
  • fasteners 154 are provided for rigidly interconnecting the second portions 108 of the studs and the bracket 138.
  • a washer 158 can be provided to fill in any gaps that exist between the bracket 138 and the second portions 108 of the studs 106 as shown in Fig. 8b. It will be appreciated that while the aforementioned connection arrangements have been illustrated to rigidly interconnect two adjacent wall panels 102, others known to ordinary artisans are contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention.
  • a mold is provided for curing of the foam blocks. After a plurality of studs are placed in the mold at desired locations, a foam solution is introduced into the mold and allowed to cool and/or cure. After curing, the foam block is removed and if desired, cut into appropriate lengths. Once the foam block has been produced, a form for producing an exterior wall 146 is provided on-site or prefabricated of a shape and size corresponding to the foam block.
  • each first fastener 122 of the foam block 110 is pressed into the concrete or other material until the front surface 114 of the foam block 110 abuts the concrete or other material and the concrete or other material flows into in provided cutouts on the front surface 1 14. Thereafter, once the concrete or other material has fully cured around the protruding portion 126 of each first fastener 122 and within the cutouts, the exterior wall 146 will be rigidly mounted to the front surface 1 14 of the foam block 110. As previously described, if a head portion 130 is provided on the first fastener 122, additional rigidity can be provided between the exterior wall 146 and the foam block 110 due to the concrete curing around the head portion 130.
  • a lightweight wall panel 202 that includes a foam insulation block 210 with a plurality of studs 206 embedded therein.
  • the foam block includes front and rear surfaces 114,118 and can comprise any number of materials including, but not limited to, expanded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polystyrene (XPS), polyurethane, etc.
  • Each stud 206 is metal and includes first and second portions 207, 208 that are respectively situated near the front and rear surfaces 214, 218 of the foam block.
  • each stud 206 comprises a c-shaped channel.
  • each stud 206 will generally extend from the top to the bottom of the foam block 210, ordinary artisans will appreciate that multiple studs can be utilized from the top to the bottom of the foam block instead of a just a single stud 206. Further, the studs 206 are preferably equally spaced along the length of the foam block. However, it is recognized that other spacings between studs may be required depending upon the desired design requirements.
  • At least one first fastener 222 is mounted to the front surface 214 of the foam block 210 as well the first portion 207 of one of the studs 206.
  • Each first fastener 222 includes a head 226, an abutment portion 230, and a protruding portion 234.
  • the protruding portion 234 is inserted into front surface 214 and aperture 209 of first portion 207 until the abutment portion 234 abuts the front surface 214. It is appreciated that the first fastener 222 can be mounted to the front surface 214 and first portion 207 via a threaded connection, an interference fit, etc.
  • fasteners of varied shapes can be provided.
  • at least one second fastener 238 is mounted to the front surface 214 of the foam block 210 as well as the first portion 207 of another one of the studs 206.
  • Each second fastener 238 includes a head 242 and a protruding portion 246.
  • the protruding portion 246 is inserted into front surface 214 and aperture 209 of first portion 207 such that the head 242 remains separated from the front surface.
  • the second fastener 238 can be mounted to the front surface 214 and first portion 207 via a threaded connection, an interference fit, etc.
  • At least one third fastener 250 is mounted to the front surface 214 of the foam block 210 as well as the first portion 207 of another one of the studs 206.
  • Each third fastener 250 includes a bridge portion 254 and a pair of legs 258. The legs 258 are inserted into front surface 214 and apertures 209 of first portion 207 such that the bridge portion 254 remains separated from the front surface.
  • each wall panel 202 also includes an exterior wall 270 constructed of, for instance, a lightweight concrete material.
  • exterior wall 270 constructed of, for instance, a lightweight concrete material.
  • other lightweight materials such as SHEETCRETETM by Oldcastle Precast, Inc. and glasscrete can also be utilized.
  • the head portion 226, head portion 242 and bridge portion 254 of first, second and third fasteners 222, 238, 250 respectively are pressed into the exterior wall 270 until the front surface 214 of the foam block 210 abuts the exterior wall 270.
  • the front surface 214 of the foam block is provided with a cutout 278, such as a dovetail- shaped cutout, to interact with the concrete or other material.
  • cutout can be provided, and also that the cutout(s) can be provided any location and in any direction along the front surface of the foam block. Thereafter, once the concrete or other material has fully cured around the head portion 226, head portion 242 and bridge portion 254, and within the cutout 278, the exterior wall 270 will be rigidly mounted to the front surface 214 of the foam block 210.
  • a second layer of concrete or other material 274 can be provided on the foam block 210 opposite from the exterior wall 270.
  • bores 262, 266 can be formed through the foam block and a portion of the studs. Thereafter, as the second layer of concrete or other material 274 is placed on top of the foam block, a portion of the concrete or other material will flow into the bores 262, 266. As a result, once the concrete or other material has fully cured, a more rigid connection between the foam block and the second layer will exist.
  • additional bores can be formed through the foam block and not through the studs for flowing of the uncured second layer.
  • the method of manufacturing the wall panel of Fig. 9 is similar to the method of manufacturing the wall panel of Fig. 7 and 8.
  • any of the aforementioned fasteners can be utilized in any of the embodiments to aid in bonding of the foam block to the concrete or other material.
  • only a single type of the aforementioned fasteners can be used throughout the wall panel if desired.
  • dovetails, bores or other cutouts can be formed in any locations and in any directions in the foam block and the studs to allow for flowing of the concrete or other material into the dovetails, bores or other cutouts. This increases the bonding strength between the foam block and the concrete or other material as well as enhances the crack resistance of the wall panel.
  • second layers of concrete or other material can be formed on the wall panels opposite from the first exterior layer or concrete or other material depending upon a user's specific design requirements.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un panneau mural comportant plusieurs blocs isolants de matière expansée entre lesquels se trouvent des montants métalliques de la hauteur du panneau et rigidifiant suffisamment le panneau pour qu'il résiste aux charges de compression qu'on lui applique. La présence des blocs isolants offre de larges surfaces pouvant porter un matériau à base de ciment ou de plâtre susceptible de recevoir des clous ou d'être facilement découpé. De plus le poids allégé de la paroi extérieure permet de se passer d'une structure intérieure de renfort placée dans la paroi extérieure comme dans l'art antérieur. On a donc une paroi légère et facile à fabriquer.
PCT/US2007/072878 2006-07-05 2007-07-05 Panneau mural léger de ciment à montants de renfort WO2008006034A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80659806P 2006-07-05 2006-07-05
US60/806,598 2006-07-05

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WO2008006034A2 true WO2008006034A2 (fr) 2008-01-10
WO2008006034A3 WO2008006034A3 (fr) 2008-10-30

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CN109914685A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2019-06-21 山东省建设发展研究院 一种轻型预制装配式外墙板的制作工艺

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CN109914685A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2019-06-21 山东省建设发展研究院 一种轻型预制装配式外墙板的制作工艺

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