Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
  • A61K31/711—Natural deoxyribonucleic acids, i.e. containing only 2'-deoxyriboses attached to adenine, guanine, cytosine or thymine and having 3'-5' phosphodiester links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
  • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• defibrotide normally identifies a polydeoxyribonucleotide that is obtained by extraction from animal and/or vegetable tissues (1, 2); the polydesoxyribo-nucleotide is normally used in the form of an alkali-metal salt, generally a sodium salt; it's CAS Registry Number is 83712-60-1.
• DF is used mainly on account of its antithrombotic activity (3), although it can be used in other applications such as, for example, the treatment of acute renal insufficiency (4) and the treatment of acute myocardial ischaemia (5).
• DF is also used in the treatment of emergency clinical conditions, for example, for suppressing the toxicity correlated with high doses of chemotherapy regimens, in particular, the hepatic veno -occlusive syndrome (11, 12); DF has been shown to have protective action towards apoptosis induced by fludarabine and towards the alloactivation of endothelial and epithelial cells, without also altering the antileukaemic effects of fludarabine (13); pre-clinical data also exists on the protective effects of DF that have been achieved in a model of endothelial damage mediated by lipopolysaccharide (14).
• DF has also recently revealed to be particularly effective as anti- tumor agent (10). Patents have been granted on the use of DF for treating HIV infections (9) and other diseases (8). A method of manufacturing DF with uniform and well-defined physical/chemical characteristics and which is also free of possible undesirable side effects is described in United States patents (6, 7). In particular, DF manufactured according to these patents, which are both incorporated herein as a reference, is a polydeoxyribonucleotide corresponding to the following formula of random sequence:
• This polydeoxyribonucleotide is the compound which is preferably used or the purposes of the present invention.
• Heparanase is an endoglycosidase, which degrades heparan sulphate side chains of heparan sulphate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Heparanase plays an important role in ECM degradation, facilitating the migration and extravasation of tumor cells and inflammatory leukocytes. Upon degradation, Heparanase releases growth factors and cytokines that stimulate cell proliferation and chemo taxis (15,16).
• Heparanase is highly expressed in myeloid leukocytes (i.e. neutrophils) in platelets and in human placenta. Human Heparanase was found to be upregulated in various types of primary tumors, correlating in some cases with increased tumor invasiveness and vascularity and with poor prospective survival (17).
• DF can act both inhibiting the activity of the enzyme and down regulating its expression.
• the Heparanase activity and its possible inhibition can be determined by the heparan Degrading Enzyme Assay Kit whereas, its expression and possible down regulation can be valuated by Real-Time PCR.
• the U266 and HMEC cells were incubated for 24h with DF at different concentrations or saline (control cells). After incubation with Defibrotide, the cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH7.4, and different U266 and HMEC samples were prepared for different experiments. 3.1. Real Time PCR
• RNA has been isolated from U266 and HMEC cells (1.5xlO 5 Cells/ml) treated with saline (control) or DF at doses of 150 and 400 ⁇ g/ml for 24h.
• RNA were used the RNeasy Mini Kit from Qiagen according the manufacture's instructions.
• RNA was used as a substrate for single-stranded cDNA synthesis using iScriptTMcDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad) including: MuLV reverse transcriptase, random examers and dNTP mix. The incubation was carried out at 42°c for 30 min. The template is the cDNA generated from reverse transcription reaction.
• PCR chain reaction
• Green PCR master mix reagents The cycling parameters was 95°C for 3 min, 45 cycles at 95°C; 45°C; 72°C for 30s each and 72°C for 5 min. Data were acquired and processed with the MyIQ PCR software. The housekeeping actin transcript was used to normalized for the amount and quality of the RNAs.
• the Heparanase activity was measured in U266 extracts (IxIO 5 Cell/ml of extraction buffer) by a commercial Heparan Degrading Enzyme Kit (Takara-bio).
• the U266 cells have been treated with saline (control) or DF at doses of 50, 100 and 150 ⁇ g/ml for 24h.
• Heparan Degrading Enzyme Assay Kit measure the activity of heparan degrading enzyme in cultured cells, utilizing the property that heparan-like molecules and bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) combine each other.
• CBD-FGF is a fusion protein of cell-binding domain of human fibronectin and human fibroblast growth factor (Takara-bio Inc.). This CBD-FGF is bound on a microtiterplate supplied in this kit, with captured by anti- fibronectin antibody having epitope in CBD region.
• biotinylated heparan sulfate is used as a substrate of the enzyme.
• Heparanase an endoglyosidase involved in cleavage of heparan sulphate (HS)
• HCM degradation facilitating the migration and extravasation of tumor cells and inflammatory leukocytes (15,16,17). It is believe that the inhibition of Heparanase may assist in the relief or cure of human illness including autoimmune and inflammatory disease such as arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
• Heparanase has a high expression and activity on myeloma cell line U266 and DF plays an important role either in down regulation of Heparanase gene and decrease of its enzymatic activity.
• Important results were also obtained studying the human microvascular endothelial cells.
• Heparan sulphate (HS) is critical to the function of endothelial cells, which line blood vessels.
• HS contribute to angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and endothelial cell proliferation.
• Heparanase can alter the normal metabolism of endothelial cell heparan sulphate changing dramatically the function of endothelium.
• the object of the present invention is therefore represented by the use of DF for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of all those diseases which are or may be positively affected by the inhibition of Heparanase and/or by the downregulation of Heparanase gene expression, in particular on HMEC cells.
• heparanase may assist in the relief or cure of human illnesses including autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and multiple sclerosis (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23).
• the inhibition of heparanase will prevent the inflow of white blood cells that burrow between cells lining blood vessels resulting in painful inflammation. While inflammation is a normal immune response, the inhibition of heparanase to restrict the number of white blood cells invading a disease site may significantly relieve inflammation.
• HSPG Heparan sulfate proteoglycans
• the kidneys are made up of a million sieves or filters named glomeruli. These sieves act to regulate the contents of the urine, and their integrity is essential to maintain health.
• the scaffold of these sieves is made up of many complex molecules including HSPG. HSPG act as "guards", ensuring excretion of unwanted substances into the urine but retention of proteins that are still required.
• Heparanase is believed to digest these "guards” (HSPG); consequently, substances normally kept within the circulation, are lost into the urine leading to proteinuria. If unchecked, this protein loss contributes to kidney disease progression and kidney failure.
• HSPG "guards”
• Different Works have confirmed that the active form of heparanase is markedly increased in disease. Heparanase blockade may prove to be beneficial in man, by preventing ongoing protein loss and arresting disease progression (24).
• heparanase will be particularly effective in treating diabete.
• Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is in fact the main risk factor in the development of diabetic vascular complications.
• the endothelial cells are the first cells targeted by hyperglycemia.
• the mechanism of endothelial injury by high glucose is still poorly understood.
• Heparanase production, induced by hyperglycemia, and subsequent degradation of heparan sulphate may contribute to endothelial injury.
• Han et al. suggested that high glucose may induce Heparanase upregulation which degrades HS causing cell injury and showed a link between hyperglycemia and Heparanase induction in diabetic complications (25).
• DF can be administered to mammals (and in particular to human beings) in accordance with the methods and the posologies known in the art; generally, it may be administered orally, 07MG83E

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Obesity (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-06-27 EP EP06425436A patent/EP1872787A1/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-05-14 WO PCT/EP2007/054633 patent/WO2008000549A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-05-14 JP JP2009517063A patent/JP2009541409A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-05-14 EP EP07729085A patent/EP2035013A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-05-14 US US12/305,219 patent/US20090131362A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-05-14 CA CA002655522A patent/CA2655522A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2008
  • 2008-12-16 IL IL195971A patent/IL195971A0/en unknown
• 2015
  • 2015-01-20 US US14/600,680 patent/US20150196580A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (5)

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