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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
  • C07D333/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D333/14—Radicals substituted by singly bound hetero atoms other than halogen
  • C07D333/20—Radicals substituted by singly bound hetero atoms other than halogen by nitrogen atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
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• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
  • A61P25/32—Alcohol-abuse
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
  • A61P25/34—Tobacco-abuse
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride, to compositions containing the same and to methods for the formation thereof.
• Duloxetine hydrochloride is a potent dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine possessing comparable affinities in binding to serotonin and norepinephrine transport sites. Duloxetine hydrochloride has, therefore, been implicated in the treatment of various diseases related to these effects.
• duloxetine hydrochloride is the active ingredient of the antidepressant drug CymbaltaTM. It is also used to target pain related to diabetic neuropathy and stress urinary incontinence.
• duloxetine hydrochloride Preparation of duloxetine hydrochloride has been disclosed elsewhere, for example in US 5,023,269. Crystalline forms of the free base of duloxetine and their preparation have been reported in WO 2005/108386. The amorphous form of duloxetine hydrochloride salt together with its preparation has been reported in WO 2005/019199.
• crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride which exhibits an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising peaks expressed in degrees two-theta at approximately 18.0 ⁇ 0.2, 18.77 ⁇ 0.2, 20.78 ⁇ 0.2 and 27.86 ⁇ 0.2. The degree of error is preferably ⁇ 0.1.
• crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride which exhibits an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising peaks expressed in degrees two-theta at approximately 9.52 ⁇ 0.2, 13.82 ⁇ 0.2, 17.98 ⁇ 0.2, 18.77 ⁇ 0.2, 20.78 ⁇ 0.2, 23.24 ⁇ 0.2, 24.41 ⁇ 0.2, 26.35 ⁇ 0.2 and 27.86 ⁇ 0.2.
• the degree of error is preferably ⁇ 0.1.
• crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride which exhibits an X-ray diffraction pattern substantially the same as shown in figure 2.
• crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride which exhibits a solid C 13 NMR spectrum comprising chemical shifts expressed in parts per million at approximately 126.2, 120.9, 105.1, 75.9 and 33.9. Where appropriate the tolerance in these and other NMR values is up to ⁇ 1.
• crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride which exhibits a solid C 13 NMR spectrum comprising chemical shifts expressed in parts per million at approximately 151.3, 146.4, 135.0, 126.2, 120.9, 105.1, 75.9, 49.2, 38.2 and 33.9.
• crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride which exhibits a solid C 13 NMR spectrum substantially the same as shown in figure 1.
• the crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride has a purity of at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%.
• the method may also comprise the following additional steps prior to step (c):- (bl) removing the solvents to form a residue; and (b2) dissolving the residue in a third organic solvent to form a third solution;
• the third organic solvent is a C 1 to C 6 ester, more preferably ethyl acetate.
• the residue is dissolved in the third organic solvent in a ratio of about 20ml third organic solvent for about every 3g of duloxetine used in step (a).
• the first organic solvent is a heterocyclic organic compound or a Ci to C 6 nitrile compound, more preferably, tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile.
• the second organic solvent is an alcohol, more preferably a straight or branched C 1 to C 6 alcohol, further preferably ethanol.
• the duloxetine is dissolved in the first organic solvent in a ratio of about 20ml first organic solvent for about every 3g of duloxetine.
• the second organic solvent comprises about 20% HCl.
• the first solution is added to the second organic solvent at around O 0 C.
• the first solution is preferably added to the second organic solvent with stirring.
• the solvents are removed under reduced pressure.
• the duloxetine hydrochloride may be allowed to crystallize out from the solution during a period of cooling at around 0°C to around 10 0 C.
• the duloxetine hydrochloride is allowed to crystallize out from the solution during a period of about 10 hours.
• the crystallized duloxetine hydrochloride is collected by filtration.
• the collected crystallized duloxetine hydrochloride is preferably washed and then dried.
• the collected crystallized duloxetine hydrochloride is washed with a C 1 to C 6 ester or a C 1 to C 6 nitrile compound, more preferably ethyl acetate or acetonitrile.
• the method comprising the following additional steps for the preparation of duloxetine for use in step (a):-
• the fourth organic solvent is a C 1 to C 6 ester, more preferably ethyl acetate.
• the duloxetine oxalate is preferably placed into a solution of the fourth organic solvent and water at a ratio of about 300ml fourth organic solvent and water solution for about every 39g of duloxetine oxalate.
• the solution of a fourth organic solvent and water contains about ImI fourth organic solvent for about every ImI water.
• the aqueous ammonia is preferably added under stirring.
• an aqueous layer is isolated and then washed with the fourth organic solvent.
• the organic layer is dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate.
• a method for the preparation of crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride comprising:-
• the organic solvent is a C 1 to C 6 ester, more preferably ethyl acetate.
• the duloxetine oxalate is placed into the solution of the organic solvent and water at a ratio of about 1 part organic solvent and water solution for about every 1 part duloxetine oxalate.
• the solution of organic solvent and water preferably contains about 1 ml organic solvent for about every 1 ml water.
• the aqueous ammonia solution is added under stirring.
• the collected crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride is washed with an organic solvent.
• the collected crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride is dried. Further preferably, the collected crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride is dried under vacuum.
• the gaseous hydrochloride is introduced under agitation.
• gaseous hydrochloride is introduced until the solution reaches a pH of around 2 to 4.
• the method comprises:
• the method comprises:
• the method comprises:
• the method comprises:
• the duloxetine free base is provided in an organic solvent selected from ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, dichloromethane, THF, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, hexane, heptane, chloroform, acetone, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and toluene and mixtures thereof.
• organic solvent selected from ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, dichloromethane, THF, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, hexane, heptane, chloroform, acetone, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and toluene and mixtures thereof.
• the organic solvent comprises ethyl acetate.
• the organic solvent comprises a mixture of ethyl acetate and dichloromethane.
• the organic solvent comprises 5:2 (w/w) ethyl acetate : dicholoromethane.
• the ammonium chloride solution is saturated.
• the hydrochloric acid is dilute, e.g. 0.1M, IM or 2M HCl.
• the solution is acidified to pH 2 to 4.
• the solution is acidified to about pH 2.
• the drying agent is anhydrous sodium sulphate.
• the decolorising agent is active charcoal.
• the residue is formed by removing the organic solvent by distillation under reduced pressure.
• the duloxetine hydrochloride residue is dissolved and the crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride isolated from an organic solvent selected from ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, dichloromethane, THF, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, hexane, heptane, chloroform, acetone, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and toluene and mixtures thereof.
• an organic solvent selected from ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, dichloromethane, THF, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, hexane, heptane, chloroform, acetone, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether and toluene and mixtures thereof.
• the organic solvent comprises ethyl acetate.
• the crystallized duloxetine hydrochloride is collected by filtration.
• the collected crystallized duloxetine hydrochloride is preferably washed and then dried.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises:
• crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride prepared by any of the methods above.
• the crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride has a purity of at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%.
• the present invention describes a novel crystalline form of duloxetine hydrochloride and a process to prepare it.
• duloxetine hydrochloride disclosed herein will be useful in the treatment of a variety of diseases which are prevented, ameliorated or eliminated by the administration of a serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
• diseases include depression, pain related to diabetic neuropathy and stress urinary incontinence, obesity, alcoholism, loss of memory, anxiety and smoking.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride as described herein.
• a composition for treating a disease which is prevented, ameliorated or eliminated by the administration of a serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, the composition comprising crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride as described herein.
• the disease is selected from depression, pain related to diabetic neuropathy and stress urinary incontinence, obesity, alcoholism, loss of memory, anxiety and smoking.
• a method of treating a disease which is prevented, ameliorated or eliminated by the administration of a serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor comprising administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride as described herein, or of the pharmaceutical composition as described herein.
• the disease is selected from depression, pain related to diabetic neuropathy and stress urinary incontinence, obesity, alcoholism, loss of memory, anxiety and smoking.
• a therapeutically effective amount it is meant an amount which is capable of preventing, ameliorating or eliminating the diseases mentioned herein.
• the crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride can be mixed with a carrier, diluent or excipient therefore, all of which are well known in the art.
• suitable carriers may include pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, soft and hard gelatine capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders.
• a crystalline form of duloxetine hydrochloride compared to an amorphous form.
• a crystalline form of the drug can be easily purified by crystallisation and recrystallisation. Compared to other methods of purification, it is also cheaper and more convenient to perform crystallisation on a large scale. Furthermore, a crystalline form may be more stable than an amorphous form.
• Figure 1 shows the solid C 13 NMR spectrum for the crystalline form of the present invention
• Figure 2 shows the XRD spectrum for the crystalline form of the present invention.
• Figure 3 shows TGA and DTA thermograms for the crystalline form of the present invention.
• Duloxetine oxalate salt was initially prepared following the procedure given in EP 273658. Duloxetine was then freed from the oxalic acid and converted directly to its hydrochloride salt by the introduction of hydrochloride in organic solvent.
• the isolated crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride was fully characterized by DSC, solid carbon- 13 NMR and X-ray powder diffraction.
• Duloxetine oxalate 40kg
• water (20kg) and ethyl acetate (20kg) were added sequentially into a reactor.
• Concentrated ammonia solution was then added slowly to the agitated mixture until all solid was dissolved. Agitation of the mixture was stopped and the mixture allowed to settle to form two layers.
• the separated aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate (5kg x 2).
• the combined organic solution was washed twice with saturated brine and then dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate. After removing the drying sodium sulphate, the filtrate solution was decolorized by adding activate charcoal (10Og) and stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. The charcoal was removed by f ⁇ ltration.
• Duloxetine oxalate 38.7g was placed into 300ml of an ethyl acetate/water (1:1) mixture.
• Aqueous ammonium solution was added to dissolve the solid completely under stirring.
• the separated aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate twice.
• the combined organic solution was then washed with saturated brine, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate.
• the free duloxetine (26g) was obtained as an oil by removing the solvents from the filtrate solution.
• the free duloxetine oil (3g) was dissolved in THF (20ml). The resulting solution was then added to an ethanol solution containing 20% HCl with stirring at O 0 C. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure after addition. The residue was dissolved with ethyl acetate (20ml) and cooled at 0-10 0 C for 10 hours. The crystalline duloxetine hydrochloride salt was then collected by filtration, washed with ethyl acetate and dried (2g, 60% yield, m.p. 156-16O 0 C). The assay of the material was 99.2% by HPLC, and its optical purity was 99.5% (chiral column HPLC). The DTA result shown m.p. was 172.9 0 C. The crystalline form, designated as Form I 5 was thus obtained.
• Duloxetine oxalate 38.7g was placed into 300ml of an ethyl acetate/water (1:1) mixture. Aqueous ammonium solution was added to dissolve the solid completely under stirring. The separated aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic solution was then washed with saturated brine, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate. The free duloxetine (26g) was obtained as an oil by removing the solvents from the filtrate solution.
• Table 1 The XRD spectrum for the crystalline form obtained according to the examples above.

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• 2006
  • 2006-06-23 GB GBGB0612509.0A patent/GB0612509D0/en not_active Ceased
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