Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
  • D02G3/48—Tyre cords
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/005—Reinforcements made of different materials, e.g. hybrid or composite cords
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/062—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the strand configuration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
  • B60C2009/0014—Surface treatments of steel cords
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
  • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
  • B60C2009/2074—Physical properties or dimension of the belt cord
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
  • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
  • B60C2009/2074—Physical properties or dimension of the belt cord
  • B60C2009/2077—Diameters of the cords; Linear density thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
  • B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
  • B60C2009/2074—Physical properties or dimension of the belt cord
  • B60C2009/2096—Twist structures
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/2006—Wires or filaments characterised by a value or range of the dimension given
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2023—Strands with core
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
  • D07B2201/2025—Strands twisted characterised by a value or range of the pitch parameter given
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
  • D07B2201/2029—Open winding
  • D07B2201/2031—Different twist pitch
  • D07B2201/2032—Different twist pitch compared with the core
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2038—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/2039—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments three to eight wires or filaments respectively forming a single layer
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2051—Cores characterised by a value or range of the dimension given
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
  • D07B2201/2055—Cores characterised by their structure comprising filaments or fibers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
  • D07B2201/2055—Cores characterised by their structure comprising filaments or fibers
  • D07B2201/2057—Cores characterised by their structure comprising filaments or fibers resulting in a twisted structure
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
  • D07B2205/2039—Polyesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
  • D07B2205/2046—Polyamides, e.g. nylons
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
  • D07B2205/2067—Viscose or regenerated cellulose, e.g. Rayon
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/20—Organic high polymers
  • D07B2205/2075—Rubbers, i.e. elastomers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3025—Steel
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
  • D07B2401/201—Elongation or elasticity regarding structural elongation
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2501/00—Application field
  • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2501/2046—Tyre cords
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2936—Wound or wrapped core or coating [i.e., spiral or helical]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to metal cables of the "elastic" type (i.e., high elongation), used in particular for the reinforcement of rubber articles such as tires. It relates more particularly to the use of such cables in reinforcements reinforcing the top of such tires.
• a tire with a radial carcass reinforcement in known manner, comprises a tread, two inextensible beads, two flanks connecting the beads to the tread and a crown reinforcement or "belt” arranged circumferentially between the carcass reinforcement and the tread, this belt consisting of various plies or layers of rubber with or without reinforcing elements ("reinforcements") such as cables or monofilaments, of the metal or textile type.
• Said tire belt generally consists of at least two superimposed webs or belt layers, generally referred to as "working” webs or “crossed” webs, whose reinforcement cables, generally metallic, are arranged substantially parallel to each other. other within a layer, but crossed from one layer to another (ie inclined, symmetrically or otherwise, with respect to the median circumferential plane) by an angle which is generally between 10 ° and 45 ° depending on the type of tire.
• These crossed layers or plies may be supplemented by various other plies or layers of auxiliary rubber with or without reinforcements.
• the belt may comprise for example one or more layers or top layers called “protection”, located under the tread and overlying the working top ply or layers, responsible for protecting the rest of the external aggressions, tears or other perforations.
• protect located under the tread and overlying the working top ply or layers, responsible for protecting the rest of the external aggressions, tears or other perforations. This is for example the general case in belts tires for heavy vehicles or civil engineering.
• These plies or protective layers must be sufficiently flexible and deformable to, on the one hand, conform to the shape of the obstacle on which the belt presses during rolling, and on the other hand to oppose the penetration of foreign bodies radially inside it.
• the satisfaction of such criteria requires, in known manner, the use in these protective layers reinforcements or cables having a high elasticity and a high energy rupture.
• Such elastic strand cables have been described in a large number of patents or patent applications (see for example US 3,686,855, US 4,176,705, WO 2004/003287 or US 2005/0183808), in particular for reinforcing top sheets.
• tire protection for industrial vehicles such as heavy goods vehicles or civil engineering (see for example US 5,843,583, US 6,475,636, WO 2004/003287 or US 2005/0183808, WO 2004/033789 or US 7,089,726, WO 2005/014925 or US 2006/0179813).
• a well-known disadvantage of these strand cables is that they are expensive, for two reasons: first, they are prepared in two stages, namely by prior manufacture of the strands and assembly by twisting these strands; on the other hand, they generally require a high twist of their son (very short helix pitch), certainly necessary twist to give them the desired elasticity but involving reduced manufacturing speeds. This disadvantage obviously affects the cost of the tires themselves.
• a first object of the invention is a two-layer (Ci, Ce), metal-textile composite, of 1 + N construction, which is formed of a core or inner layer (Ci) having a textile core thread of diameter d 1 , and a metal outer layer (Ce) of N d 2 diameter wires wound together in a helix in a pitch p 2 around the inner layer Ci, said cable being characterized in that also has the following combined characteristics (p 2 in mm):
• the core yarn is a textile fiber, and it is coated with a sheath of diene elastomer composition, As is the structural elongation of the composite cable, At its total elongation at break, and Af is the elongation at break of the textile fiber.
• This two-layer cable belongs to the generic family of two-layer metal-textile composite (or hybrid) cables of construction 1 + N, comprising a polymer core and an outer metal layer of N individual wires (see FIG. Examples GB 1,100,686, FR 2,260,660 or US 3,977,174, US 2003/0051788).
• the cable of the invention Due to its specific construction, the cable of the invention has high elasticity combined with high compactness, excellent penetrability by rubber promoting its resistance to corrosion. It is simple to prepare, can be manufactured in one step and has a reduced industrial cost. Due to its specific inner layer, moderate twists can be used on the N wires of its outer layer.
• the invention also relates to any composite fabric having a plastic matrix and / or rubber reinforced by a cable according to the invention.
• the invention also relates to the use of such a cable as a reinforcing element for articles or semi-finished products made of plastic and / or rubber, said articles or products being intended in particular for any system of ground connection of motor vehicles, such as pneumatic tires, internal tire safety supports, wheels, rubber springs, elastomeric joints, other suspension and antivibration elements, as well as these articles or semi-finished products themselves.
• motor vehicles such as pneumatic tires, internal tire safety supports, wheels, rubber springs, elastomeric joints, other suspension and antivibration elements, as well as these articles or semi-finished products themselves.
• the tires of the invention may be intended for vehicles of the tourism type, 4x4, "SUV” (Sport Utility Vehicles), but also for two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles, or industrial vehicles chosen from light trucks, "Weights "heavy” - ie, metro, bus, road transport equipment (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles -, agricultural or civil engineering machinery, aircraft, other transport or handling vehicles.
• SUV Sport Utility Vehicles
• two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles, or industrial vehicles chosen from light trucks, "Weights "heavy” - ie, metro, bus, road transport equipment (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-the-road vehicles -, agricultural or civil engineering machinery, aircraft, other transport or handling vehicles.
• the cable of the invention is particularly intended to be used as reinforcing element of a tire belt intended in particular for the above vehicles.
• FIG. in cross-section two elastic cables 1 + N construction according to the invention, used for example in a belt of a tire for passenger vehicle, light truck or truck ( Figure 2 and Fig. 3);
• a radial carcass reinforcement tire for example for passenger vehicle, light truck or heavy truck, which can incorporate in its belt a cable according to the invention (Fig. 5).
• Fm maximum load in N
• Rm tensile strength
• At total elongation at break
• the mechanical properties in extension are measured in a known manner using an "INSTRON" traction machine ("4D” pliers).
• Each textile fiber element is pulled (under a standard initial pretension of 0.5 cN / tex), over an initial length of 400 mm at a nominal speed of 200 mm / min, after prior conditioning of at least 24 hours. in a standard atmosphere (according to European standard DIN EN 20139, temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C, hygrometry of 65 ⁇ 2%).
• the elongation relative to the breakage of the fiber (Af) is indicated as a percentage (%).
• Air permeability test is a simple means of indirect measurement of the penetration rate of the cable by a rubber composition. It is made on cables extracted directly, by shelling, vulcanized rubber sheets that they reinforce, these cables are thus penetrated by the cooked rubber.
• the test is performed over a given length of cable (for example 2 cm) in the following manner: air is sent to the cable inlet, at a given pressure (for example 1 bar), and the volume is measured. of air at the outlet, using a flowmeter; during the measurement, the cable sample is locked in a seal in such a way that only the amount of air passing through the cable from one end to the other along its longitudinal axis is taken into account by the measurement.
• the measured flow rate is even lower as the penetration rate of the cable by the rubber is higher.
• the two-layer composite (metal-textile) cable (Ci, Ce) of the invention, of construction 1 + N, is formed of a core or inner layer (Ci) comprising a textile core wire of diameter di, and a metal outer layer (Ce) of N son of diameter d 2 wound together helically in a pitch p 2 around the layer Ci; it furthermore has the following combined characteristics (p 2 in mm):
• the core yarn is a textile fiber, and is coated with a sheath of diene elastomer composition
• the cable of the invention is gummed internally (“gummed in situ"): its core wire and its layer Ce are separated radially by a minimum thickness (or sheath) of diene elastomer composition.
• the cable of the invention is, as such, devoid of gum or any other polymer sheath at its periphery (ie, around the N individual wires constituting its outer layer Ce), as shown for example in Figures 2 and 3 attached to be discussed in detail later.
• the cable of the invention is a so-called “elastic” (or "high elongation”) type of cable, that is to say a cable which, by definition, satisfies in the present application at least the following two characteristics:
• a tensile curve (or force-elongation curve) of such a cable is characterized by three zones of modules (slopes) very different, as shown in FIG. 1.
• first zone (2) of low slope (s) for the small elongations corresponding to the structural part of the elongation
• a second zone (3) of substantially constant and strong slope for the upper elongations corresponding to the elastic portion of the elongation (Hooke's law);
• the structural elongation As is defined on the Force-Elongation curve as the point of intersection (5) between the abscissa (axis of the elongation) and the tangent (6). ) to the elastic part (3) of the traction curve (1).
• the elongations As + Ae (7) and the total elongation At (8) are easily deduced from the curve as shown in FIG. 1.
• the ratio di / d 2 must be greater than 1.1, preferably greater than 1.3. If the textile core is too small in relation to the diameter of the metal wires, the desaturation of the outer layer Ce is insufficient, its structural aeration as its elongation values As and At are too weak; there are also risks of instability and irregularity of the assembly; all this does not achieve the desired minimum endurance level. On the other hand, depending on the applications concerned, a textile core that is too large may be detrimental to the compactness and cost of the cable per unit section, and ultimately to its bulk in the composite or fabric that it is intended to reinforce. For all the reasons indicated above, the ratio di / d 2 is preferably between 1.3 and 3.0, more preferably still within a range of 1.5 to 2.5.
• the inner layer Ci of the cable commonly called “core” (“core”) by those skilled in the art, therefore comprises a textile fiber coated with a cladding rubber.
• textile fiber is meant here and generally any type of textile yarn, synthetic or natural, whether in the monofilament state that is to say, a unitary filament (unit) of relatively large diameter (For example equal to or greater than 50 microns), or in the form of multifilament fiber ("yarn" in English) comprising a plurality of elementary filaments of relatively small diameter (for example less than 50 microns), said monofilaments or multifilament fibers which can be twisted (ie, provided with a twist) or not twisted (ie, devoid of torsion), said multifilamentary fiber being itself elementary (“single yarn”) or resulting from the assembly of several elementary strands, they Twisted or not.
• a raw yarn as a treated yarn, comprising for example a rubber adhesive system.
• the selected textile fiber must have, in the initial state (before manufacture of the cable) as in the final state (after manufacture of the cable, therefore in its sheathed form), an elongation at break Af greater than 6%, without which the structural elongation As of the cable is insufficient and its endurance properties degraded. For this reason, it is preferred that Af be greater than 8%, more preferably greater than 10%. Such characteristics exclude, for example, very high modulus and low elongation elongation fibers such as aramid fibers.
• the textile fiber of the core is preferably selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyester fibers (such as for example PET or PEN), thermoplastic polyamide (such as for example polyamide or Nylon ® 6-6), cellulose (such as rayon), and mixtures of such fibers.
• thermoplastic polyester fibers such as for example PET or PEN
• thermoplastic polyamide such as for example polyamide or Nylon ® 6-6
• cellulose such as rayon
• thermoplastic polyester fiber especially PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or PEN (polyethylene naphthalate).
• the titer of the textile fiber is between 100 and 300 tex (weight in grams of 1000 meters of fiber - booster: 0.1 11 tex is equal to 1 denier), more preferably between 150 and 250 tex.
• This titre is determined on a sample of 50 m, by weighing this length of fiber, after prior conditioning for at least 24 hours, in a standard atmosphere (DIN EN 20139).
• this textile fiber is a multifilament fiber. Its elementary filaments have a diameter preferably between 5 and 50 microns, more preferably between 10 and 30 microns.
• This multifilament fiber is even more preferably provided with torsion:
• single yam it consists of a single strand still called “spun” ("single yam”); in this case, its elementary filaments are twisted on themselves by a so-called overtaking process to form what is usually called a “sured” (“folded yam”), or
• the torsion advantageously makes it possible to modulate the structural elongation As of the cable and its rigidity (initial part of its force-elongation curve), as a function of the intended application.
• the elementary filaments of the multifilament fiber have a twist of between 50 and 500 revolutions / meter, more preferably between 150 and 450 revolutions / meter.
• Another advantage of a multifilament fiber is that it has been found, in the cable of the invention, to maintain its voltage after manufacture of the cable, unlike the case of a monofilament which has a tendency to relax.
• a mechanical pretension maintained on the core will delay the mechanical work of the outer metal layer, which may advantageously constitute an elongation reserve for example for the sheet or the rubberized fabric that the cable is intended to reinforce in the tire of the tire. 'invention.
• the textile fiber is incorporated in a bonded form, that is to say that it already comprises an adhesive layer, for example an RFL (resorcinol formaldehyde latex) type adhesive or equivalent adhesive composition, intended to promote its adhesion to the diene elastomer composition of the sheathing gum.
• an adhesive layer for example an RFL (resorcinol formaldehyde latex) type adhesive or equivalent adhesive composition, intended to promote its adhesion to the diene elastomer composition of the sheathing gum.
• the diameter di of the core or textile fiber is preferably between 0.2 and 1.5 mm, more preferably between 0.3 and 1 mm.
• the textile fiber described above is therefore coated with a sheath of elastomer composition (or rubber, both being synonymous) of the diene type, also called “sheathing gum” in the present application.
• the diene elastomers can be classified in known manner into two categories, those said to be essentially unsaturated and those said to be essentially saturated.
• butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and alpha-olefins type EPDM fall within the definition of essentially saturated diene elastomers (levels of units of diene origin low or very low, always clearly less than 15%).
• the present invention is preferably implemented with a diene elastomer of the highly unsaturated type.
• This diene elastomer is more preferentially selected from the group consisting of polybutadienes (BR), natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), various butadiene copolymers, various isoprene copolymers, and mixtures of these elastomers, such copolymers being chosen in particular from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR), the latter being prepared by emulsion polymerization (ESBR) as in solution (SSBR), the isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene-styrene copolymers (SIR) and isoprene-butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBIR).
• BR polybutadienes
• NR natural rubber
• IR synthetic polyisoprenes
• SBR buta
• a particularly preferred embodiment consists in using an "isoprene" elastomer, that is to say a homopolymer or a copolymer of isoprene, in other words a diene elastomer chosen from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR ), the synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), the various isoprene copolymers and the mixtures of these elastomers.
• the isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene of the cis-1,4 type.
• polyisoprenes having a content (mol%) of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, more preferably still greater than 98%, are preferably used.
• the diene elastomer may consist, in whole or in part, of another diene elastomer such as, for example, an SBR elastomer used in or with another elastomer, for example type BR.
• the cladding rubber may contain one or more diene elastomer (s), this last one (s) may be used in combination with any type of synthetic elastomer other than diene, or even with polymers other than elastomers.
• the sheath gum is of the crosslinkable or crosslinked type, that is to say that it comprises by definition a crosslinking system adapted to allow the crosslinking (hardening) of the composition during its subsequent firing in the finished article (for example pneumatic).
• the system for crosslinking the rubber sheath is a so-called vulcanization system, that is to say based on sulfur (or a sulfur-donor agent) and a primary vulcanization accelerator.
• sulfur or a sulfur-donor agent
• a primary vulcanization accelerator To this basic vulcanization system may be added various known secondary accelerators or vulcanization activators.
• the sulfur is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 1 and 8 phr
• the primary vulcanization accelerator for example a sulfenamide
• the sheath gum may also comprise, in addition to said crosslinking system, all or part of the additives normally used in rubber matrices intended for the manufacture of tires, such as, for example, reinforcing fillers such as carbon black or inorganic fillers such as silica, coupling agents, anti-aging agents, antioxidants, plasticizing agents or extension oils, whether the latter are aromatic or non-aromatic in nature (in particular very low or non-aromatic oils, for example of the type naphthenic or paraffinic, high or preferably low viscosity, MES or TDAE), plasticizing resins with high Tg greater than 30 0 C, agents facilitating the implementation (processability) of the compositions in the green state, tackifying resins, anti-eversion agents, methylene acceptors and donors such as, for example, HMT (hexamethylenetethane); ramine) or H3M (hexamethoxymethylmelamine), reinforcing resins (such as resorcinol or bismaleimi
• the level of reinforcing filler for example carbon black or a reinforcing inorganic filler such as silica, is preferably greater than 50 phr, for example between 60 and 140 phr. It is more preferably greater than 70 phr, for example between 70 and 120 phr.
• Suitable carbon blacks are all carbon blacks, especially blacks of the HAF, ISAF, SAF type conventionally used in tires (so-called grade blacks). pneumatic). Among the latter, mention will be made more particularly of carbon blacks of (ASTM) grade 300, 600 or 700 (for example N326, N330, N347, N375, N683, N772).
• As reinforcing inorganic fillers are especially suitable mineral fillers of the silica (SiO 2) type, in particular precipitated or fumed silica having a BET surface area of less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably from 30 to 400 m 2 / g.
• the formulation of the sheath gum may be chosen identical or not to the formulation of the rubber matrix that the cables of the invention are intended to reinforce, the essential point being that there is no problem of compatibility between the respective materials.
• the cladding gum has, in the crosslinked state, a secant modulus ElO extension (at 10% elongation) between 4 and 25 MPa, more preferably between 4 and 20 MPa; values in particular between 5 and 12 MPa have proved to be particularly suitable for reinforcing tire belts.
• the rubber sheath surrounding the core wire has a minimum thickness which is preferably greater than 10 ⁇ m, more preferably greater than 20 ⁇ m, and a maximum thickness of preferably less than 200 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 100 ⁇ m, this in all point of the inner layer (Ci).
• Its average thickness is preferably between 25 and 75 microns, more preferably between 40 and 60 microns, this irrespective of the diameter of the textile core dj.
• This preferred field of values has proved to be a very good compromise in terms of feasibility, compactness, cost, particularly of the characteristic As essential for the performance and endurance of the cable in the tire.
• the inner layer Ci (constituted, let us recall, the core wire and the sheathing gum which surrounds said wire) has a diameter which is preferably between 0.2 and 1.7 mm, more preferably between 0.3 and 1.1 mm.
• the outer metal layer (Ce) is therefore composed of N individual wires, of diameter d 2 , wound together in a helix in a pitch p 2 around the layer Ci described above, said pitch p 2 being between 4 and 14 mm.
• the pitch "p" represents the length, measured parallel to the axis of the cable, at the end of which a wire having this pitch performs a complete revolution about said axis of the cable.
• a step p 2 too short (less than 4 mm) is detrimental to the structural elongation of the cable of the invention; we come up against in addition to a problem of feasibility with risks of assembly failure.
• a step p 2 too important is detrimental to the elasticity of the cable.
• the pitch p 2 is preferably between 5 and 12 mm, more preferably within a range of 6 to 10 mm.
• the N son of the layer Ce are all metallic, it being understood however that the invention also applies to cases where a minority fraction of them would be replaced by one or more wire (s) of a different nature, other than metallic.
• the N son of the layer Ce have a diameter d 2 which is preferably between 0.15 and 0.45 mm, more preferably between 0.20 and 0.40 mm.
• the direction of twist (Z or S) of the metal layer Ce is the same (respectively Z or S) as that of the textile core ( ie, its elementary filaments) of the layer Ci when said core is a multifilament fiber provided with torsion. It has been found that such a configuration is even more favorable to the structural elongation As of the cable.
• the outer layer Ce is a so-called “unsaturated” or "incomplete” layer, that is to say that, by definition, there is sufficient space in this tubular layer Ce to add at least one
• the level of unsaturation of the outer layer Ce is such that it can only add one or two son, more preferably still only one additional wire diameter d 2 .
• the metallic wires of the layer are preferably in steel, more preferably in pearlitic (or ferrito-pearlitic) carbon steel hereinafter referred to as "carbon steel", or else in stainless steel (by definition, steel comprising at least 11% chromium and at minus 50% iron). But it is of course possible to use other steels or other alloys.
• carbon steel When carbon steel is used, its carbon content is preferably between 0.4% and 1.2%, especially between 0.5% and 1.1%. It is more preferentially between 0.6% and 1.0% (% by weight of steel), such a content representing a good compromise between the mechanical properties required for the composite and the feasibility of the son.
• the metal or steel used may itself be coated with a metal layer improving, for example, the properties of implementation of the wire rope and / or its constituent elements, or the properties of use of the cable and / or the tire themselves, such as adhesion properties, corrosion resistance or resistance to aging.
• the steel used is covered with a layer of brass (Zn-Cu alloy) or zinc; it is recalled that during the wire manufacturing process, the coating of brass or zinc facilitates the drawing of the wire, as well as the bonding of the wire with the rubber.
• the son could be covered with a thin metal layer other than brass or zinc, for example having the function of improving the resistance to corrosion of these son and / or their adhesion to rubber, for example a thin layer of Co, Ni, Al, an alloy of two or more compounds Cu, Zn, Al, Ni, Co, Sn.
• the metal wires of the cable of the invention have a tensile strength (Rm) preferably greater than 2000 MPa, more preferably greater than 2500 MPa.
• Rm tensile strength
• the selected cable has the construction 1 + 5, 1 + 6 or 1 + 7.
• the cable according to the invention can be manufactured according to various techniques, for example:
• the above final operation of setting up the outer layer Ce is carried out by a twisting method, for example using a twister with a rotating feed or receiving, said method essentially comprising the following steps :
• Such a twisting process gives each wire of the outer layer Ce an excessive curvature which discarded, during the untwisting, the inner layer Ci and the sheathing gum.
• This curvature is defined on the one hand by the helical diameter of this outer layer and, on the other hand, by the helical pitch p 2 (or helix angle) of said outer layer Ce.
• the average thickness of the diene elastomer sheath is between 25 and 75 ⁇ m;
• the textile fiber of the core is selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyester fibers, thermoplastic polyamide, cellulose, and mixtures of such fibers;
• the textile fiber of the core is a multifilament fiber
• the textile fiber of the core is provided with torsion
• the inner layer Ci has a diameter of between 0.2 and 1.7 mm;
• the outer layer Ce comprises from 4 to 10 wires. More preferentially all the above preferred characteristics are verified.
• the average thickness of the diene elastomer sheath is between 40 and 60 ⁇ m;
• the textile fiber of the core is made of thermoplastic polyester
• the textile fiber of the core is a multifilament fiber whose torsion is between 50 and 500 revolutions / meter; the torsion direction of the core fiber is the same (S or Z) as that of the N outer layer wires; the inner layer Ci has a diameter of between 0.3 and 1.1 mm;
• the outer layer Ce has 5, 6 or 7 wires.
• the invention relates of course to the previously described cable both in the green state (its cladding rubber then being uncured) than in the cooked state (its cladding rubber then being vulcanized).
• FIGs. 2 and FIG. 3 respectively diagrammatically, in section perpendicular to the axis of the cable (assumed rectilinear and at rest), two preferred cables of construction 1 + 6 (cable noted hereinafter CI) and construction 1 + 7 (cable noted below C- 2).
• each wire of the layer Ce has been shown, in cross section, as having a circular contour, this for simplification; of course, the person skilled in the art knows that the real shape is that of an ellipse and not of a circle, ellipse all the more marked that the torsion of the external threads is high (or that the pitch of the helix of twist is short).
• the cables CI and C-2 according to the invention comprise firstly an inner layer (or core) Ci consisting of the core wire (10, 20) covered with a sheathing rubber (11, 21).
• the core wire is constituted for example by a monofilament or a multifilament fiber, for example thermoplastic polyester such as PET or PEN, thermoplastic polyamide such as Nylon ® 6-6 or rayon, whose diameter is for example equal to About 0.5 mm.
• thermoplastic polyester such as PET or PEN
• thermoplastic polyamide such as Nylon ® 6-6 or rayon
• the rubber sheath (11, 21) has an average thickness of 50 ⁇ m, it extends continuously around said core wire (10, 20) that it covers, that is to say that is, this sheath is continuous in the "orthoradial" direction of the cable (perpendicular to its radius).
• the elastomeric composition (based on natural rubber and carbon black) constituting the sheath gum of the cable of the invention has for example the same formulation as that of the belt rubber sheet that the cable is intended to reinforce.
• the layer Ci formed by the textile core sheathed in rubber is itself surrounded by an outer layer Ce of six or seven metal wires (12, 22) whose diameter (d 2 ) is smaller than that (di) of textile core thread (10, 20).
• the metal wires are wound together in a helix at a pitch p 2 around the layer Ci. It can clearly be seen that the wires (10, 12 on the one hand and 20, 22 on the other) are thus arranged in two layers (Ci , Ce) tubular, concentric and substantially adjacent, giving the cable its cylindrical outer contour (13, 23).
• the rubber sheath (11, 21) completely covers the core wire (10, 20) over its entire periphery.
• the curvature given during twisting each wire (12, 22) of the layer Ce, is such that these son are no longer, at least on the cable at rest (without tension), in contact with the sheathing gum and of the inner layer Ci.
• the cable of the invention is advantageously usable, as such or for example incorporated in a metal-rubber composite fabric, for the reinforcement of tires.
• Such a composite metal-rubber fabric may be in various forms, for example in the form of a sheet, strip, strip or series of strips, other rubber blocks, of various shapes and sizes depending on the intended applications, in which are incorporated or with which co-operate cables of the invention, being furthermore understood that the elastomeric compositions forming the rubber matrix of the composite may be of identical or different formulation to that used, in the cable, for the cladding of the core textile.
• the final adhesion between the metal and the rubber composition is obtained in a known manner at the end of the firing of the finished article (for example the tire) comprising said composite.
• this cooking is operated under pressure.
• the cable of the invention is particularly suitable for reinforcing tire belts, for example tires for two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles, aircraft, passenger vehicles or industrial vehicles such as vans, heavy vehicles or civil engineering.
• Fig. 5 schematically represents a radial section of a tire which may or may not be in conformity with the invention, in this general representation.
• This tire 40 has a crown 42 reinforced by a crown reinforcement or belt 46, two sidewalls 43 and two beads 44, each of these beads 44 being reinforced for example with a rod 45.
• the top 42 is surmounted by a tread not shown in this schematic figure.
• a carcass reinforcement 47 is wound around the two rods 45 in each bead 44, the upturn 48 of this armature 47 being for example disposed towards the outside of the tire 40 which is shown here mounted on its rim 49.
• the carcass reinforcement 47 is in known manner constituted by at least one sheet reinforced by so-called "radial” cables, that is to say that these cables are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from a bead to the other so as to form an angle between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is located midway between the two beads 44 and passes through the middle of the crown frame 46).
• this tire 40 also comprises, in known manner, an inner rubber or elastomer layer (commonly known as an "inner liner") which defines the radially inner face of the tire and which is intended to protect the carcass ply from the diffusion of the tire. air from the interior space to the tire.
• an inner rubber or elastomer layer commonly known as an "inner liner”
• it may further comprise an intermediate reinforcing elastomer layer which is located between the carcass ply and the inner layer, intended to reinforce the inner layer and, by Therefore, the carcass ply, also intended to partially relocate the forces experienced by the carcass reinforcement.
• This example of tire according to the invention is characterized in that its belt 46 comprises at least one sheet or protective layer radially covering the rest of the belt, the reinforcing cables are cables according to the invention.
• the density of the cables according to the invention is preferably between 30 and 60 cables per dm (decimeter) of belt ply.
• the cables according to the invention are preferably arranged in such a way that the width (denoted L) of the rubber bridge between two adjacent cables is between 0.5 and 1.5 mm.
• This width L represents in known manner the difference between the calender pitch (no laying of the cable in the rubber fabric) and the diameter of the cable.
• the rubber bridge which is too narrow, risks being degraded mechanically during the working of the sheet, in particular during the deformations undergone in its own plane by extension or shearing. Beyond the maximum indicated, there is a risk of occurrence of penetration of objects, by perforation, between the cables.
• the rubber composition used for the fabric of the belt ply has, in the vulcanized state (ie, after curing), an ElO secant modulus which is between 4 and 15 MPa, preferably between 5 and 15 MPa, preferably between 5 and 15 MPa. 12 MPa. It is in such a module range that the best compromise of endurance has been recorded between the cables of the invention on the one hand, and the reinforced fabrics of these cables on the other hand.
• the textile fibers used are well known to those skilled in the art and commercially available, especially in a glue form.
• the carbon steel wires are prepared in a known manner, for example starting from machine wires (diameter 5 to 6 mm) which are first cold-rolled, by rolling and / or drawing, to a neighboring intermediate diameter. of 1 mm.
• the steel used is a carbon steel of the high-tensile type (HT for "High Tensile") whose carbon content is about 0.82%, with about 0.5% manganese, the rest consisting of iron and usual unavoidable impurities related to the steelmaking process.
• HT high-tensile type
• the intermediate diameter son undergo a degreasing treatment and / or pickling, before further processing.
• a degreasing treatment and / or pickling After deposition of a brass coating on these intermediate son, is carried on each wire a so-called “final” work hardening (ie, after the last patenting heat treatment), by cold drawing in a humid medium with a lubricant wire drawing which is for example in the form of an aqueous emulsion or dispersion.
• the steel wires thus drawn have the diameter ⁇ and the following mechanical properties:
• the brass coating that surrounds the son has a very small thickness, significantly less than one micrometer, for example of the order of 0.15 to 0.30 microns, which is negligible compared to the diameter of the steel son.
• the two layered cables according to the invention thus obtained, referenced CI and C-2, have the construction, the external diameter ⁇ e (advantageously less than 1.5 mm in both cases) and the mechanical properties summarized in the table. 2 below (resistance Rm here calculated on the only metal section of the cable, contribution removed from the layer Ci):
• the CI cable (1 + 6), as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2, is formed of 7 son in total. It comprises a core Ci formed of sheathed core wire, the diene elastomer composition being deposited via an extrusion head at a temperature of 90-100 ° C. This layer Ci is surrounded by a cylindrical outer layer of 6 metal wires themselves wound helically (direction S) around the core, in a pitch p 2 equal to 7.0 mm (ie a helix angle about 23 °).
• the cable C-2 is formed of 8 son in total. It comprises an inner layer Ci surrounded by a cylindrical outer layer of 7 metal wires wound together in a helix (direction S) around the core, in a pitch p 2 equal to 5.1 mm (ie a helical angle d approximately 24 °). In both cases, the rubber sheath has an average thickness of about 50 microns.
• the N wires of the outer layer Ce are not in direct contact with each other. the sheath gum, which of course promotes their structural elongation. It is also clear that the structure of this cable of the invention gives it a very airy character making it penetrable from the outside, for example by gum or any other polymeric matrix.
• the diene elastomer composition (based on natural rubber and carbon black) constituting the sheathing gum of the cable of the invention has the same formulation as that of the protective crown layer that the cable CI is intended to reinforce in the following essay.
• the high-density elastic cable C-2 (advantageously having an external diameter of less than 1.0 mm) satisfying even the most preferential characteristics hereafter:
• the IC cable of the invention has been incorporated by calendering into a composite fabric formed of a known composition based on natural rubber and carbon black as a reinforcing filler, conventionally used for the manufacture of belt protection plies. Heavy-duty tires.
• This composition essentially comprises, in addition to the elastomer and the reinforcing filler (carbon black), an antioxidant, stearic acid, an extension oil, cobalt naphthenate as adhesion promoter, finally a vulcanization system (sulfur, accelerator, ZnO); its ElO module is of the order of 6 MPa. It was compared to a conventional control strand cable of construction 3 (1 + 5) 0.23 formed of 18 metal wires having a diameter of 0.23 mm.
• This cable noted below C-3 has been schematized in FIG. 4. It consists of 3 strands (30) twisted together (direction S) in a pitch of 6 mm, each elementary strand consisting of a layer of construction cable (1 + 5) formed of 6 identical threads (32) and the outer layer of 5 wires was assembled (direction S) in a pitch of 4.0 mm.
• the torsion helix angle depending on the wire considered and its position in the cable, may exceed 40 °.
• control cable C-3 The properties of control cable C-3 are shown in Table 3 below:
• FIGs. 2, 3 and 4 appended were shown substantially on the same scale to illustrate the difference in significant bulkiness existing between the two cables of the invention CI and C-2 on the one hand, and a conventional strand cable such as the cable C-3 of FIG. 4, on the other hand.
• the composite fabrics reinforced by these cables CI and C-3 comprise a rubber matrix formed of two thin layers of rubber which are superimposed on both sides of the cables and which have a thickness of 0.7 mm (CI cable) respectively. or 0.8 mm (C-3 cable).
• the calender pitch (no laying of the cables in the rubber fabric) is 2.25 mm (C-I cable) or 2.50 mm (C-3 cable).
• the P-I tires reinforced by the cables C-I of the invention are the tires according to the invention.
• the P-3 tires reinforced by the C-3 cables constitute the control tires of the prior art; they constitute, because of their recognized performance, a witness of choice for this test.
• the tires PI and P-3 are identical except for the cables that reinforce the protective layer (single) of their belt.
• This belt (referenced 46 in Fig. 5) is for example, in known manner, consisting of two triangulation half-plies reinforced with conventional metal cables inclined 65 degrees, surmounted by two "superimposed” working plies crossed. These working plies are reinforced by equally conventional, inextensible, metal cables arranged substantially parallel to each other. one with respect to the others and inclined by 26 degrees (radially internal layer) and 18 degrees (radially external layer).
• the two working plies are covered by a single protective ply reinforced by the elastic metal cables tested (respectively CI and C-3), these cables being inclined by 18 degrees. All angles of inclination indicated are measured relative to the median circumferential plane.
• the test is stopped and then the tires tested are peeled off.
• the number of perforations in the tread is then counted for each tire, and the degree of corrosion experienced by the tested cables is evaluated qualitatively (by visual observation and then given a rating).
• the tires PI reinforced by the cables of the invention under the very severe conditions of rolling imposed on them, have a significantly improved endurance compared to the control tires P-3: the number of perforations is reduced by 16. % in the tread, corrosion is reduced by 20%.
• Table 4 shows the results obtained (in relative units, base 100 on the control cable) in terms of average air flow (average over 10 measurements) and number of measurements corresponding to a zero air flow rate.
• the CI cable of the invention is the one which, by far, has the lowest air permeability (zero or virtually zero average airflow) and therefore the highest rubber penetration rate counts. given its specific construction and its in situ scrub.
• the cable of the invention can significantly improve the endurance of tire belts, particularly vis-à-vis shocks, perforation and corrosion risks.
• this cable of the invention is used in this case as it is by simple “filamentary” winding, or previously arranged in different strips, layers, or rubber sheets, the latter being external or radially in relation to the webs or crossed layers of said tires.
• the cable of the invention can also be used to reinforce parts of tires other than their belts, in particular carcass reinforcement, low tire zones, and finally any part of the tire which usually uses, for its reinforcement, cables with high elasticity.
• HE type HE type.
• the invention also relates to any multi-strand steel cable whose structure incorporates at least, as elementary strand, at least one two-layer cable according to the invention.

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• 2006
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