WO2022129741A1 - Architecture optimisee d'un pneumatique de type genie civil - Google Patents
Architecture optimisee d'un pneumatique de type genie civil Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022129741A1 WO2022129741A1 PCT/FR2021/052263 FR2021052263W WO2022129741A1 WO 2022129741 A1 WO2022129741 A1 WO 2022129741A1 FR 2021052263 W FR2021052263 W FR 2021052263W WO 2022129741 A1 WO2022129741 A1 WO 2022129741A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- equal
- crown
- reinforcement
- layer
- tire
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 129
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C9/2003—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords
- B60C9/2006—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by the materials of the belt cords consisting of steel cord plies only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/28—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers characterised by the belt or breaker dimensions or curvature relative to carcass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C2009/0071—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres characterised by special physical properties of the reinforcements
- B60C2009/0078—Modulus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2012—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers
- B60C2009/2016—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers comprising cords at an angle of 10 to 30 degrees to the circumferential direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2012—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers
- B60C2009/2019—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel with particular configuration of the belt cords in the respective belt layers comprising cords at an angle of 30 to 60 degrees to the circumferential direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2048—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel characterised by special physical properties of the belt plies
- B60C2009/2051—Modulus of the ply
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2074—Physical properties or dimension of the belt cord
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2074—Physical properties or dimension of the belt cord
- B60C2009/208—Modulus of the cords
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C2009/2074—Physical properties or dimension of the belt cord
- B60C2009/2093—Elongation of the reinforcements at break point
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C2200/00—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications
- B60C2200/06—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications for heavy duty vehicles
- B60C2200/065—Tyres specially adapted for particular applications for heavy duty vehicles for construction vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a radial tire, intended to equip a heavy vehicle of the civil engineering type and more specifically heavy vehicles or loaders in underground mines and relates more particularly to the crown reinforcement of such a tire.
- a radial tire for a heavy vehicle of the civil engineering type within the meaning of the standard of the European Tire and Rim Technical Organization or ETRTO, is intended to be mounted on a rim whose diameter is at least equal to 25 inches.
- ETRTO European Tire and Rim Technical Organization
- the invention is described for a large radial tire intended to be mounted on a loader, a vehicle for transporting materials extracted from underground mines, by means of a rim whose the diameter is at least equal to 35 inches.
- the geometry of the tire is generally described in a meridian plane containing the axis of rotation of the tire.
- the radial, axial and circumferential directions designate respectively the directions perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire, parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire and perpendicular to the meridian plane.
- the circumferential direction is tangent to the circumference of the tire.
- a tire comprises a tread, intended to come into contact with the ground by means of a rolling surface, the two axial ends of which are connected by means of two sidewalls with two beads ensuring the mechanical connection between the tire and the rim on which it is intended to be fitted.
- a radial tire further comprises a reinforcement reinforcement, consisting of a crown reinforcement, radially interior to the tread, and of a carcass reinforcement, radially interior to the crown reinforcement.
- the carcass reinforcement of a radial tire for a heavy vehicle of the civil engineering type usually comprises at least one carcass layer comprising reinforcements, or reinforcing elements, generally metallic coated with a polymeric material of the elastomeric or elastomeric type. , obtained by mixing and called coating mixture.
- a carcass layer comprises a main part, connecting the two beads together and generally rolling up, in each bead, from the inside of the tire towards the outside around a circumferential reinforcement element, usually metal, called a bead wire, to form a reversal.
- the metal reinforcements of a carcass layer are substantially parallel to each other and form, with the circumferential direction, an angle of between 85° and 95°.
- the crown reinforcement of a radial tire for an earth-moving type vehicle comprises a superposition of crown layers extending circumferentially, radially outside the carcass reinforcement.
- Each crown layer consists of generally metallic reinforcements, parallel to each other and coated with a polymeric material of the elastomer type or coating mixture.
- the protective reinforcement comprising at least one protective layer, essentially protects the working layers from mechanical or physico-chemical attack, liable to propagate through the tread radially towards the inside of the tire.
- the protective reinforcement often comprises two protective layers, radially superimposed, formed of extensible metal reinforcements, parallel to each other in each layer and crossed from one layer to the next, forming, with the circumferential direction, angles at least equal to 10°.
- the working reinforcement comprising at least two working layers, has the function of surrounding the tire and giving it rigidity and road holding. It incorporates both mechanical inflation stresses, generated by the tire inflation pressure and transmitted by the carcass reinforcement, and mechanical rolling stresses, generated by the rolling of the tire on the ground and transmitted by the tread. . It must also resist oxidation and shocks and perforations, thanks to its intrinsic design and that of the protective reinforcement responsible for protecting the other crown layers from external attacks, tears or other perforations.
- the working reinforcement usually comprises two working layers, radially superimposed, formed of non-stretch metal reinforcements, parallel to each other in each layer and crossed from one layer to the next, forming, with the circumferential direction, angles at most equal to 60°, and preferably at least equal to 10° and at most equal to 45°.
- the designers seek to maximize the rigidity and the breaking force of the reinforcement elements of the working layers.
- a hooping reinforcement To reduce the mechanical inflation stresses transmitted to the working reinforcement, it is known to arrange, radially outside the carcass reinforcement, a hooping reinforcement.
- the hooping reinforcement the function of which is to absorb at least some of the mechanical inflation stresses, improves the endurance of the crown reinforcement by stiffening the crown reinforcement.
- the shrink-fit reinforcement can be positioned radially inside the working reinforcement, between the two working layers of the working reinforcement, or radially outside the working reinforcement.
- the hooping reinforcement may comprise two hooping layers, radially superimposed, formed of metal reinforcements, parallel to each other in each layer and crossed from one layer to the next, forming, with the circumferential direction, angles at most equal to 10° but at least equal to 5°.
- the reinforcing elements of the hooping layers are laid in layers and go from one axial edge to the other of said hooping layers in less than one revolution of the tire on its axis of rotation.
- the hooping reinforcement can usually comprise a hooping layer produced by the circumferential winding of a hooping wire or a continuous hooping strip forming, with the circumferential direction, angles at most equal to 5 °.
- a metal reinforcement is characterized mechanically by a curve representing the tensile force (in N), applied to the metal reinforcement, as a function of its relative elongation (in %), known as the force curve. elongation. From this force-elongation curve are deduced the mechanical tensile characteristics of the metal reinforcement, such as the structural elongation As (in %), the total elongation at break At (in %), the breaking force Fm (load maximum in N) and the breaking strength Rm (in MPa), these characteristics being measured according to standard ASTM D 2969-04 of 2014.
- the structural elongation results from the relative positioning of the metal wires constituting the metal reinforcement under a low tensile force.
- the elastic elongation Ae results from the very elasticity of the metal of the metal wires, constituting the metal reinforcement, taken individually, the behavior of the metal following Hooke's law.
- the plastic elongation Ap results from the plasticity, that is to say from the irreversible deformation, beyond the elastic limit, of the metal of these metal wires taken individually.
- an extension modulus expressed in GPa, which represents the slope of the line tangent to the force-elongation curve at this point.
- elastic modulus in extension or Young's modulus, the modulus in extension of the elastic linear part of the force-elongation curve.
- An extensible metal reinforcement in its ungummed state, is characterized by a structural elongation As at least equal to 1% and a total elongation at break At at least equal to 3%.
- an extensible metal reinforcement has an extensible modulus in extension at most equal to 180 GPa, and usually between 40 GPa and 150 GPa.
- an extensible metal reinforcement In its gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix, namely extracted from the tire, an extensible metal reinforcement is characterized by a structural elongation As at least equal to 0.5% and a total elongation at break At at least equal to 3 %.
- an extensible metal reinforcement has, in its gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix, an extensible modulus in extension, or Young's modulus, at most equal to 150 GPa, and usually between 40 GPa and 120 GPa. For a structural elongation between 1% and 3% we will speak of hyperextensible metal reinforcement.
- a non-stretch metal reinforcement is characterized by a total elongation at break At, under a tensile force equal to 10% of the breaking force Fm, at most equal to 0.2%. Furthermore, a non-stretch metal reinforcement has an elastic modulus in extension, or Young's modulus, usually between 150 GPa and 200 GPa.
- summit architectures are effective against relatively small or medium-sized obstacles, they prove to be less effective against larger-sized obstacles present in mines. Indeed, in these cases, the forces exerted on the cables are greater than the breaking force of the cables and the obstacle then 'cuts' the reinforcement elements of the working layers, all the more easily as these cables are rigid and oppose the deformation imposed by the obstacle.
- the inventors have set themselves the objective, for a radial tire for a vehicle of the civil engineering type, of reducing the risk of perforation of the crown of the tire following attacks on the tread during rolling on sharp stones while maintaining good performance in crown cracking with a reduction in the mass of the crown reinforcement.
- a radial tire for a vehicle of the civil engineering type comprising:
- a crown reinforcement radially inside a tread having an axial width Lbdr and radially outside a carcass reinforcement, and comprising crown layers having metal reinforcing elements
- the crown reinforcement comprising at least one working reinforcement, comprising at least two working layers, including one of greater axial width having an axial width Ltmax and one of smaller axial width having an axial width Ltmin,
- each working layer comprising metal reinforcement elements, parallel to each other, forming, with the circumferential direction, angles oriented at least equal to 10° and at most equal to 45°, and at least two angles of two working layers being of opposite signs,
- each reinforcement element of each of the crown layers being characterized by a structural elongation As, a breaking force Fm (maximum load in N), a breaking strength Rm (in MPa), a total elongation at break At and a Young's modulus in tension E, these characteristics being measured according to standard ASTM D 2969-04 of 2014,
- each metal reinforcement element of each crown layer is extensible and has, in a gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix, a structural elongation As at least equal to 0.5%, a total elongation At at break at least equal to 3 % and a Young's modulus in tension E at most equal to 150 GPa,
- the axial width Ltmin of the working layer with the smallest axial width is at least equal to 60% of the axial width Lbdr of the tread (Ltmin >0.6*Lbdr).
- the axial width Ltmax of the working layer with the greatest axial width is at least equal to 70% of the axial width Lbdr of the tread (Ltmax >0.7*Lbdr).
- the invention consists of a tire in which all the metal reinforcements of the crown reinforcement are extensible or hyperextensible, unlike tires according to the state of the art, at least the working layers of which are inextensible in order to allow rigidity adequate circumferential and transverse. Surprisingly, on existing earthmover tires this feature is not considered essential and even more so using stretch cords for the working layers allows substantial gains in crown puncture resistance and cracking resistance to be made with possible mass reduction.
- the inventors have found that the invention works correctly, with or without binding layers. Nevertheless, the hooping layers whose reinforcements are strictly circumferential generate manufacturing constraints due to their lower deformation capacity: thus it is advantageous not to use them. This is not the case if the extensible reinforcements of any hooping layers make with the circumferential direction measured at the level of the median circumferential plane, an angle at least equal to 5°. It is also possible to associate with the working layers a crown layer comprising extensible or hyperextensible reinforcements making with the circumferential direction an angle at least equal to 45° and at most equal to 70°, called the triangulation layer.
- This type of reinforcement layer has the advantage of opposing shear between the at least two working layers and also of taking up the compression forces usually taken up by the carcass reinforcement. It is also possible to use different extensible reinforcements between the triangulation layer and the working layers in particular so that the radially outermost working layer is more extensible and protects the others in the event of an impact on the crown.
- the invention is therefore achievable according to several modes with 2, 3, 4 or more working layers, the angles of which have opposite signs from one working layer to the next, or in pairs, of different signs of one layer to the next in each pair, whether or not associated with one or two hooping layers whose reinforcements form with the circumferential direction an angle at least equal to 5° and at most 10°, whether or not associated with a triangulation layer whose the reinforcements form with the circumferential direction an angle at least equal to 45° and at most equal to 70°.
- the radially outermost working layer may be significantly more extensible than the radially innermost working layer.
- the crown reinforcement consists of two working layers and a third crown layer whose extensible metal reinforcements form an angle with the circumferential direction between 5° and 70°.
- the vertex is made up of two working layers and, depending on the angle chosen, a hooping layer, a third working layer or a triangulation layer.
- the crown reinforcement comprises three working layers and a crown layer of transverse reinforcements, the extensible reinforcements of which form an angle with the circumferential direction of between 5° and 70°, the angles of the reinforcements with the circumferential direction being opposite from one working layer to the next.
- the vertex is made up of three working layers and, depending on the angle chosen, a hooping layer, a fourth working layer or a triangulation layer.
- the crown reinforcement comprises at least two working layers and two layers of transverse reinforcements, the extensible reinforcements of which form an angle with the circumferential direction of between 5° and 10°, the angles of these reinforcements with the circumferential direction being opposite from layer to layer.
- the crown reinforcement comprises at least three crown layers, then the elements of reinforcement of the radially outermost crown layer have a structural elongation Asp equal to at least one percent plus the structural elongation Ast (Asp>1%+Ast) of the reinforcement elements of the radially innermost working layer, each reinforcements being in its gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix.
- An advantageous version is a version of the invention comprising a crown reinforcement comprising two layers, the most radially outer ones, the reinforcement elements of which have a structural elongation Asp at least equal to one percent plus the structural elongation Ast (Asp>1 %+Ast) of elements reinforcement of the radially innermost working layer, each of the reinforcements being in its gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix.
- the structural elongation As of the reinforcing elements of each layer of reinforcements is at least equal to 85% and at most equal to 110% of the structural elongation Ast of the reinforcing elements of the most radially inner, each of the reinforcements being in its gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix.
- the radially outermost layer of reinforcements is more extensible, it is advantageous for the respective total elongations of the reinforcements of each layer of reinforcements to be close so that in the event of impact, the layers of reinforcements have a similar behavior and that they take up the deformations in a balanced manner, thus avoiding premature failure of one or the other of said layers under impact with an obstacle.
- the Young's modulus Ef of the reinforcing elements of each layer of reinforcements is at least equal to 85% and at most equal to 110% of the Young's modulus Et of the reinforcing elements of the radially innermost working layer, each of the reinforcements being in its gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix. This condition, like the previous one, allows a good balance of operation of the different summit layers, but in this case from the point of view of stresses rather than deformations.
- each extensible metal reinforcement element of each crown layer prefferably has, in its gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix, a structural elongation at least equal to 1% and at most equal to 3% which is the optimum range for the structural elongations of the reinforcements of said layers for the best protection against punctures and impacts on the crown. If the structural elongation of said layers is too high, the tire deforms too much and the rubbery materials of the tire also deform significantly upon inflation, consuming part of their resistance in particular to cracking. A structural elongation for gummed extensible reinforcements extracted from a polymer matrix of 0.5%, which is a lower limit of the structural elongation, is not optimal for a better resistance of the tire with respect to perforation.
- each extensible metal reinforcement element of each crown layer in its gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix, has a Young's modulus (Ef, Et) at most equal to 85 GPa and at least equal to 50 GPa, for optimum behavior with respect to the same performance.
- FIG. 1 schematically and not shown to scale, with reference to a tire of dimension 24.00R35, representing the meridian section of a tire crown according to the invention comprising 4 top layers.
- Figure 1 does not fully represent the possibilities offered by the invention. For example for a version of the invention comprising two working layers and a hooping layer. There are many possible variants of positioning of the different layers of hooping, triangulation included in the invention which are not shown.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a meridian section of a tire 1 for a heavy vehicle of the civil engineering type comprising a crown reinforcement 3, radially interior to a tread 2 and radially exterior to a carcass reinforcement 4.
- Crown reinforcement 3 comprises crown layers 321, 322, 323, 324, at least two of which are working layers. All the crown layers 321, 322, 323, 324, comprising extensible metal reinforcements coated in an elastomeric material, parallel to each other. For the working layers, the reinforcements form an angle between 10° and 45°, with a circumferential direction XX' tangent to the circumference of the tire, and crossed from one layer to the next. Also shown are the axial width of the tread Lbdr, the respectively minimum Ltmin and maximum Ltmax axial widths of the working layers
- the invention was tested on tires of size 24.00R35 having an axial tread width of 590 mm.
- the tires according to the invention are compared with reference tires of the same size for each of the tests.
- the quasi-static test consists of driving the indenter at a speed of 50 mm/min.
- the tire is crushed on level ground with a force equal to the recommended load, the tire being inflated to the recommended pressure.
- the indenter is pressed in the center of the contact patch.
- the result of the test is the penetration distance required to break the crown reinforcement.
- the results are given in base 100, 100 being the result of the reference tire. A result above 100 indicates better performance.
- the reference tires and those according to the invention are identical except for the crown reinforcement. They have the same sculpture and the same reinforcements for the carcass layer and the same rubber compounds for the different parts of the tyres.
- the reference tires consist, radially from the outside inwards, of a protective reinforcement, a working reinforcement and a hooping reinforcement:
- the reinforcement elements of the protective layers are E24.26 extensible cables (24 wires of 26 hundredths of a millimeter in diameter), having a laying pitch of 2.5mm, their structural elongation As being equal, in their gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix, at 0.6%, their total elongation at break At being equal to 3.9% and their Young's modulus being equal to 75 GPa. They form an angle of 24° with the circumferential direction and are crossed from one layer to another.
- the the radially outermost layer has an axial width of 520 mm, the other an axial width of 400 mm.
- the reinforcing elements of the working layers are 26.30 inextensible cables (26 wires of 30 hundredths of a millimeter in diameter), having a laying pitch of 3.4 mm, their structural elongation As being equal, in their gummed state extracted from a polymeric matrix, at 0%, their total elongation at break At being equal to 2.4% and their Young's modulus being equal to 180 GPa. They form an angle of -33° for the most radially inner layer and 19° for the most radially outer layer, with the circumferential direction and are crossed from one layer to another.
- the radially outermost layer has an axial width of 380 mm axial width, the other an axial width of 450 mm.
- the reinforcement elements of the hooping layers are identical to the reinforcement elements of the working layers with the same installation pitch. They form an angle of 8° with the circumferential direction and are crossed from one layer to another. They are laid in the form of a tablecloth.
- the radially outermost layer has an axial width of 200 mm, the other an axial width of 240 mm.
- the invention has been tested according to two versions, a so-called extensible version called E and two so-called hyperextensible versions called HE1 and HE2, HE2 having more hyperextensible reinforcements than HE1.
- E extensible version
- HE1 and HE2 hyperextensible versions
- HE1 and HE2 having more hyperextensible reinforcements than HE1.
- the architecture of the crown reinforcement is identical but the reinforcement elements of the different crown layers are different.
- the crown reinforcement is composed radially from the outside to the inside:
- a working layer forming an angle of 33° with the circumferential direction of 380 mm in axial width, i.e. 64% of the tread width
- a working layer forming an angle of -33° with the circumferential direction of 450 mm in axial width, ie 76% of the tread width.
- all the layers of the crown reinforcement are made with reinforcements consisting of E21.28 cables (21 wires of 28 hundredths of a millimeter in diameter) laid in a pitch of 2.4 mm , and whose structural elongation As is, in their gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix, equal to 0.5%, the total elongation at break At is equal to 3.3% and the Young's modulus is equal to 95 GPa .
- all the layers of the crown reinforcement are made with reinforcements consisting of E24.35_l cables (24 wires of 35 hundredths of a millimeter in diameter) laid at a pitch of 3.9 mm , and whose structural elongation As is, in their gummed state extracted from a polymeric matrix, equal to 1.1%, the total elongation at break At is equal to 4.3% and the Young's modulus is equal to 70 GPa .
- the elasticity and the hyperelasticity in other words the extensible or hyperextensible character of the cables, are obtained by working on the arrangement of the threads in the cable and also on the mixture placed between the threads.
- all the layers of the crown reinforcement are made with reinforcements consisting of E24.35_2 cables (24 wires of 35 hundredths in diameter) laid in a pitch of 4.2 mm, and whose structural elongation As is, in their gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix, equal to 1.6%, the total elongation at break At is equal to 5.5% and the Young's modulus is equal to 50 GPa.
- the elasticity and the hyperelasticity of the cables are obtained by working on the arrangement of the wires in the cable and also on the mixture arranged between the wires.
- the modulus of elasticity during the structural elongation phase of all of the extensible or hyperextensible cables of the reference tires or according to the invention is between 10 and 20 GPa in their ungummed state, and between 10 and 30 GPa in their gummed state extracted from a polymer matrix.
- the tires according to the invention perform the same mileage as the reference tire before it fails, i.e. identical performance.
- the performance on the mass of the tyres the E and HE1 version shows a reduction in the metallic mass of 20% and the HE2 version of 22%, i.e. for the tire tested a reduction in mass of around 100 kg.
- the invention as proposed therefore allows for an identical or improved resistance to crown perforation, a resistance of the crown reinforcement to constant cracking, a reduction in the mass of the crown reinforcement and therefore of the mass of the tire.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18/266,928 US20240100885A1 (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2021-12-09 | Optimized Architecture of a Civil Engineering Tire |
CN202180083910.9A CN116615342A (zh) | 2020-12-15 | 2021-12-09 | 土木工程轮胎的优化结构 |
AU2021403914A AU2021403914A1 (en) | 2020-12-15 | 2021-12-09 | Optimised architecture of a civil engineering tyre |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR2013266A FR3117410B1 (fr) | 2020-12-15 | 2020-12-15 | Architecture optimisée d’un pneumatique de type Génie Civil |
FRFR2013266 | 2020-12-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2022129741A1 true WO2022129741A1 (fr) | 2022-06-23 |
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PCT/FR2021/052263 WO2022129741A1 (fr) | 2020-12-15 | 2021-12-09 | Architecture optimisee d'un pneumatique de type genie civil |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20240100885A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN116615342A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2021403914A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3117410B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022129741A1 (fr) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5843583A (en) | 1996-02-15 | 1998-12-01 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Cord with high non-structural elongation |
WO2005014925A1 (fr) | 2003-07-22 | 2005-02-17 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Corde hybride a fort coefficient d'elongation |
WO2007090603A1 (fr) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-16 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Cable composite elastique pour pneumatique |
US20150251497A1 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-09-10 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Tire For Heavy Civil Engineering Vehicle |
US9168789B2 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2015-10-27 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Truck tire |
US20170087939A1 (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2017-03-30 | Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh | Vehicle Pneumatic Tyre |
EP3038842B1 (fr) * | 2013-07-15 | 2018-12-19 | Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH | Pneu de véhicule |
-
2020
- 2020-12-15 FR FR2013266A patent/FR3117410B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-12-09 CN CN202180083910.9A patent/CN116615342A/zh active Pending
- 2021-12-09 WO PCT/FR2021/052263 patent/WO2022129741A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-12-09 AU AU2021403914A patent/AU2021403914A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-09 US US18/266,928 patent/US20240100885A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5843583A (en) | 1996-02-15 | 1998-12-01 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Cord with high non-structural elongation |
WO2005014925A1 (fr) | 2003-07-22 | 2005-02-17 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Corde hybride a fort coefficient d'elongation |
WO2007090603A1 (fr) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-16 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Cable composite elastique pour pneumatique |
US9168789B2 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2015-10-27 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Truck tire |
US20150251497A1 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2015-09-10 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Tire For Heavy Civil Engineering Vehicle |
EP3038842B1 (fr) * | 2013-07-15 | 2018-12-19 | Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH | Pneu de véhicule |
US20170087939A1 (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2017-03-30 | Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh | Vehicle Pneumatic Tyre |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2021403914A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
CN116615342A (zh) | 2023-08-18 |
FR3117410A1 (fr) | 2022-06-17 |
AU2021403914A9 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
US20240100885A1 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
FR3117410B1 (fr) | 2022-12-02 |
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