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  • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
  • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D215/20—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D215/22—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 4
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
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  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/06—Antianaemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
  • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D215/48—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
  • C07D215/54—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen attached in position 3
  • C07D215/56—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen attached in position 3 with oxygen atoms in position 4
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
  • G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
  • G01N33/542—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with steric inhibition or signal modification, e.g. fluorescent quenching

Definitions

• HIF Hemoxia Inducible Factor
• the cellular transcription factor HIF occupies a central position in oxygen homeostasis in a wide range of organisms and is a key regulator of responses to hypoxia.
• the genes regulated by HIF transcriptional activity can play critical roles in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, hemoglobin F production, energy metabolism, inflammation, vasomotor function, apoptosis and cellular proliferation.
• HIF can also play a role in cancer, in which it is commonly upregulated, and in the pathophysiological responses to ischemia and hypoxia.
• HIF- ⁇ is a constitutive nuclear protein that dimerizes with oxygen-regulated HIF- ⁇ subunits. Oxygen regulation occurs through hydroxylation of the HIF- ⁇ subunits, which are then rapidly destroyed by the proteasome.
• the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein pVHL
• pVHL von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein
• HIF- ⁇ subunits can occur on proline and asparagine residues and can be mediated by a family of 2-oxoglutarate dependent enzymes.
• This family includes the HIF prolyl hydroxylase isozymes (PHDs), which hydroxylate Pro 402 and Pro 564 of human HIFl ⁇ , as well as Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH), which hydroxylates Asn 803 of human HIF l ⁇ . Inhibition of FIH or the PHDs leads to HIF stabilization and transcriptional activation. See, e.g., Schofield and Ratcliffe, Nature Rev. MoI. Cell Biol., VoI 5, pages 343- 354 (2004).
• n 1 to 6;
• Ri is chosen from H, lower alkyl and substituted lower alkyl
• R 2 is chosen from H, lower alkyl and substituted lower alkyl
• R 3 and R4 are independently chosen from H, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, lower haloalkyl, substituted lower haloalkyl, or R 3 and R 4 can join together to form a 3 to 6 membered ring or a substituted 3 to 6 membered ring;
• R5 is chosen from OH, SH, NH2, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, substituted lower alkoxy, and sulfanyl;
• R 6 is chosen from H, OH, SH, NH 2 , NHSO 2 Ri and sulfonyl; each of R 7 , Rs, R9 and Rio is independently chosen from H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, NR 3 R 4 , C(O)OH, OR J3 , SR I3 , SO 2 Ri 3 , CN, NO 2 , halo, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, alkylsilyl, substituted alkylsilyl, alkynylsilyl, substituted alkynylsiJyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, substituted alkoxycarbonyl, and -
• R 3 and R 4 are defined above;
• X is chosen from -N(R, i)-Y- and -Y-N(Ri 1 )-;
• Y is chosen from C(O), SO 2 , alkylene, substituted alkylene, alkenylene, substituted alkenylene, alkynylene, and substituted alkynylene;
• Ri i is chosen from H, lower alkyl, and substituted lower aJkyl,
• Ri2 is chosen from H, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl;
• R 13 is chosen from H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl and NR 3 R4; wherein at least one of adjacent pairs Re and R 7 , R 7 and Rg, Rs and R 9 , R 9 and Rio, and Rio and Ri, can join together to form a 4 to 7 membered ring or a substituted 4 to 7 membered ring.
• composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound described herein.
• compositions comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound described herein in combination with at least one additional compound such as an erythropoiesis stimulating agent or chemotherapeutic agent.
• a method of treating a condition where it is desired to modulate HIF activity comprising administering to a subject at least one compound described herein.
• Also provided is a method of treating a hypoxic or ischemic related disorder in a subject comprising administering to a subject at least one compound described herein.
• Also provided is a method of treating anemia in a subject comprising administering to a subject at least one compound described herein.
• a method of modulating the amount of HIF in a cell comprising contacting the cell with at least one compound described herein. Additionally provided is a method of increasing the amount of hemoglobin F in a subject comprising administering to the subject at least one compound described herein.
• Also provided is a method of modulating angiogenesis in a subject comprising administering to the subject at least one compound described herein.
• a method of treating at least one disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound described herein.
• Also provided is a method of inhibiting HIF hydroxylation in a subject comprising administering to the subject at least one compound described herein.
• an assay for the detection of HIFl ⁇ hydroxyproline residues comprising incubating a fluorochrome-labeled HIFl ⁇ polypeptide or fragment thereof with a VCB complex labeled with a rare earth element and detecting the binding of the VCB complex to HIFl ⁇ by homogeneous time-resolved FRET.
• an assay for the detection of HIFl ⁇ hydroxyproline residues comprising incubating a HIFl ⁇ polypeptide or fragment thereof with a VCB complex labeled with ruthenium and detecting the binding of the VCB complex to HIFl ⁇ by electrochemiluminescence.
• Figure 1 illustrates the ratio of fluorescence signal to background generated by the interaction of Eu-VCB with streptavidin-APC-hydroxyprolyl HIFl ⁇ peptide.
• Figure 2 illustrates the ratio of HTRF signal generated by the interaction of Eu-VCB with streptavidin-APC-hydroxyprolyl HIFl ⁇ peptide over background signal generated by the interaction of Eu-VCB with streptavidin-APC-HIFloc peptide (nonhydroxylated).
• Panel A illustrates a 0-125 nM peptide range.
• Panel B illustrates a 0-10 nM peptide range.
• Figure 3 illustrates VCB binding and HTRF detection for determining HIF PHD2 hydroxylation of a HIFl ⁇ peptide.
• Panel A illustrates a time course for the hydroxylation of the HIF l ⁇ peptide with increasing amounts of HIFPHD2 enzyme.
• Panel B illustrates initial rates with increasing enzyme concentrations.
• Figure 4 illustrates the Ru-VCB/biotin-HIF-OH binding curve and linear range determination by ECL detection.
• any variable occurs more than one time in a chemical formula, its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
• the chemical structure is determinative of the identity of the compound.
• the compounds of the present disclosure may contain one or more chiral centers and/or double bonds and therefore, may exist as stereoisomers, such as double-bond isomers (i.e., geometric isomers), enantiomers or diastereomers.
• any chemical structures within the scope of the specification depicted, in whole or in part, with a relative configuration encompass all possible enantiomers and stereoisomers of the illustrated compounds including the stereoisomerically pure form (e.g., geometrically pure, enantiomerically pure or diastereomerically pure) and enantiomeric and stereoisomeric mixtures.
• the stereoisomerically pure form e.g., geometrically pure, enantiomerically pure or diastereomerically pure
• Enantiomeric and stereoisomer ⁇ mixtures can be resolved into the component enantiomers or stereoisomers using separation techniques or chiral synthesis techniques well known to the skilled artisan.
• Compounds of Formula I include, but are not limited to optical isomers of compounds of Formula I, racemates, and other mixtures thereof.
• the single enantiomers or diastereomers, i.e., optically active forms can be obtained by asymmetric synthesis or by resolution of the racemates. Resolution of the racemates can be accomplished, for example, by conventional methods such as crystallization in the presence of a resolving agent, or chromatography, using, for example a chiral high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column.
• compounds of Formula I include Z- and E- forms (or cis- and trans- forms) of compounds with double bonds. Where compounds of Formula I exists in various tautomeric forms, chemical entities of the present invention include all tautomeric forms of the compound.
• prodrugs also fall within the scope of chemical entities, for example, ester or amide derivatives of the compounds of Formula I.
• the term "prodrugs” includes any compounds that become compounds of Formula I when administered to a patient, e.g., upon metabolic processing of the prodrug.
• Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, acetate, formate, and benzoate and like derivatives of functional groups (such as alcohol or amine groups) in the compounds of Formula I.
• solvate refers to the compound formed by the interaction of a solvent and a compound. Suitable solvates are pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, such as hydrates, including monohydrates and hemi -hydrates.
• Alkenyl refers to an unsaturated branched, straight-chain or cyclic alkyl group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkene.
• the group may be in either the Z- and E- forms (or cis or trans conformation) about the double bond(s).
• Typical alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl; propenyls such as prop-1-en-l-yl, prop-l-en-2-yl, prop-2-en-l-yl (allyl), prop-2-en-2-yl, cycloprop-1-en-l-yl; cycloprop-2-en-l-yl; butenyls such as but-1-en-l-yl, but-l-en-2-yl, 2-methyl-prop-l-en-l-yl, but-2-en-l-yl, but-2-en-l-yl, but-2-en-2-yl, buta-l,3-dien-l-yl, buta-l,3-dien-2-yl, cyclobut-1-en-l-yl, cyclobut-l-en-3-yl, cyclobuta-l,3-dien-l-yl; and the like.
• an alkenyl group such as
• Alkynyl refers to an unsaturated branched or straight-chain having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkyne.
• Typical alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl; propynyl; butenyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl and the like.
• an alkynyl group has from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and in other embodiments, from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, i.e. "lower alkynyl.”
• Alkoxy refers to a radical -OR where R represents an alkyl, substituted alkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, or substituted heteroaryl group as defined herein. Representative examples include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, cyclohexyloxy, and the like.
• Alkoxycarbonyl refers to a radical -C(O)- OR where R is as defined herein.
• Alkyl refers to a saturated, branched or straight-chain monovalent hydrocarbon group derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent alkane.
• Typical alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyls such as propan-1-yl, propan-2-yl, and cyclopropan-1-yl, butyls such as butan-1-yl, butan-2-yl, 2-methyl-propan-l-yl, 2-methyl-propan-2-yl, cyclobutan-1-yl, tert-butyl, and the like.
• an alkyl group comprises from 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the term "lower alkyl” refers to an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Aryl refers to a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single carbon atom of a parent aromatic ring system.
• Aryl encompasses 5- and 6-membered carbocyclic aromatic rings, for example, benzene; bicyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, for example, naphthalene, indane, and tetralin; and tricyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, for example, fluorene.
• Arylalkyl or “aralkyl” refers to an acyclic alkyl group in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom, typically a terminal or sp ⁇ carbon atom, is replaced with an aryl group.
• Typical arylalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzyl, 2-phenylethan-l-yl, 2-phenylethen-l-yl, naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylethan-l-yl, 2-naphthylethen-l-yl, naphthobenzyl, 2-naphthophenylethan-l-yl and the like.
• an arylalkyl group can be (C 6 - 30 ) arylalkyl, e.g., the alkyl group of the arylalkyl group can be (C no) and the aryl moiety can be (C 5 - ⁇ o).
• Carboxy refers to the radical -C(O)OH.
• Cyano refers to the radical -CN.
• Cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic alkyl group. Where a specific level of saturation is intended, the nomenclature “cycloalkanyl” or “cycloalkenyl” is used. Typical cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and the like. In certain embodiments, the cycloalkyl group can be C3-10 cycloalkyl, such as, for example, C3- 6 cycloalkyl.
• Heterocycloalkyl refers to a saturated or unsaturated, but non-aromatic, cyclic alkyl group in which one or more carbon atoms (and any associated hydrogen atoms) are independently replaced with the same or different heteroatom and its associated hydrogen atoms, where appropriate.
• Typical heteroatoms to replace the carbon atom(s) include, but are not limited to, N, P, O, S, and Si. Where a specific level of saturation is intended, the nomenclature “heterocycloalkanyl” or “heterocycloalkenyl” is used.
• Typical heterocycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from epoxides, imidazolidine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, pyrazolidine, pyrrolidine, quinuclidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran and the like.
• Disease refers to any disease, disorder, condition, symptom, or indication.
• Heteroaryl refers to a monovalent heteroaromatic group derived by the removal of one hydrogen atom from a single atom of a parent heteroaromatic ring system. Heteroaryl encompasses:
• heteroaryl includes a 5- to 7-membered heteroaromatic ring fused to a 5- to 7-membered cycloalkyl ring and a 5- to 7-membered heteroaromatic ring fused to a 5- to 7- membered heterocycloalkyl ring.
• bicyclic heteroaryl ring systems wherein only one of the rings contains one or more heteroatoms, the point of attachment may be at the heteroaromatic ring or the cycloalkyl ring.
• the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group exceeds 1, those heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another. In certain embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group is not more than 2.
• the total number of S and O atoms in the aromatic heterocycle is not more than 1.
• Heteroaryl does not encompass or overlap with aryl as defined above.
• Typical heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from acridine, arsindole, carbazole, ⁇ -carboline, chromane, chromene, cinnoline, furan, imidazole, indazole, indole,- indoline, indolizine, isobenzofuran, isochromene, isoindole, isoindoline, isoquinoline, isothiazole, isoxazole, naphthyridine, oxadiazole, oxazole, perimidine, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, phenazine, phthalazine, pteridine, purine, pyran, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyridazine,
• the heteroaryl group can be between 5 to 20 membered heteroaryl, such as, for example, a 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl.
• heteroaryl groups can be those derived from thiophene, pyrrole, benzothiophene, benzofuran, indole, pyridine, quinoline, imidazole, oxazole, and pyrazine.
• Heteroarylalkyl or “heteroaralkyl” refers to an acyclic alkyl group in which one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom, typically a terminal or sp 3 carbon atom, is replaced with a heteroaryl group. Where specific alkyl moieties are intended, the nomenclature heteroarylalkanyl, heteroarylalkenyl, and/or heteroarylalkynyl is used.
• the heteroarylalkyl group can be a 6 to 30 membered heteroarylalkyl, e.g., the alkanyl, alkenyl or alkynyl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl can be 1 to 10 membered and the heteroaryl moiety can be a 5 to 20-membered heteroaryl.
• Sulfonyl refers to a radical -S(O) 2 R where R is an alkyl, substituted alkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, or substituted heteroaryl group as defined herein. Representative examples include, but are not limited to methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, and the like.
• Sulfanyl refers to a radical -SR where R is an alkyl, substituted alkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted aryl, or substituted heteroaryl group as defined herein that may be optionally substituted as defined herein.
• Representative examples include, but are not limited to, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, and the like.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to generally recognized for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to a salt of a compound that is pharmaceutically acceptable and that possesses the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound.
• Such salts include: (1) acid addition salts, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4- hydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and the like; or (2) salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an al
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable excipient,” “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier,” or “pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant” refer, respectively, to an excipient, carrier or adjuvant with which at least one compound of the present disclosure is administered.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle” refers to any of a diluent, adjuvant, excipient or carrier with which at least one compound of the present disclosure is administered.
• Stepoisomer refers to an isomer that differs in the arrangement of the constituent atoms in space.
• Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other and optically active are termed “enantiomers,” and stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another and are optically active are termed “diastereoisomers.”
• Subject includes mammals and humans.
• the terms “human” and “subject” are used interchangeably herein.
• Substituted refers to a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are each independently replaced with the same or different substituent(s).
• “Therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount of a compound that, when administered to a subject for treating a disease, or at least one of the clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder, is sufficient to affect such treatment for the disease, disorder, or symptom.
• the "therapeutically effective amount” can vary depending on the compound, the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, severity of the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, the age of the subject to be treated, and/or the weight of the subject to be treated. An appropriate amount in any given instance can be readily apparent to those skilled in the art or capable of determination by routine experimentation.
• Treating” or “treatment” of any disease or disorder refers to arresting or ameliorating a disease, disorder, or at least one of the clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder, reducing the risk of acquiring a disease, disorder, or at least one of the clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder, reducing the development of a disease, disorder or at least one of the clinical symptoms of the disease or disorder, or reducing the risk of developing a disease or disorder or at least one of the clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder.
• Treating” or “treatment” also refers to inhibiting the disease or disorder, either physically, (e.g., stabilization of a discernible symptom), physiologically, (e.g., stabilization of a physical parameter), or both, or inhibiting at least one physical parameter which may not be discernible to the subject. Further, “treating” or “treatment” refers to delaying the onset of the disease or disorder or at least symptoms thereof in a subject which may be exposed to or predisposed to a disease or disorder even though that subject does not yet experience or display symptoms of the disease or disorder.
• n 1 to 6;
• Ri is chosen from H, lower alkyl and substituted lower alkyl
• R 2 is chosen from H, lower alkyl and substituted lower alkyl
• R 3 and R 4 are independently chosen from H, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, lower haloalkyl, substituted lower haloalkyl, or R 3 and R 4 can join together to form a 3 to 6 membered ring or a substituted 3 to 6 membered ring;
• R 5 is chosen from OH, SH, NH 2 , lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, substituted lower alkoxy, and sulfanyl;
• R 6 is chosen from H, OH, SH, NH 2 , NHSO 2 Rj and sulfonyl; each of R 7 , Rg, R9 and Rio is independently chosen from H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, NR 3 R 4 , C(O)OH, ORi 3 , SRi 3 , SO 2 Ri 3 , CN, NO 2 , halo, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, substituted heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, alkylsilyl, substituted alkylsilyl, alkynylsilyl, substituted alkynylsilyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxycarbonyl, substituted alkoxycarbonyl, and -X
• R 3 and R 4 are defined above;
• X is chosen from -N(R n )- Y- and -Y-N(Rn)-;
• Y is chosen from C(O), SO 2 , alkylene, substituted alkylene, alkenylene, substituted alkenylene, alkynylene, and substituted alkynylene;
• Rn is chosen from H, lower alkyl, and substituted lower alkyl
• R12 is chosen from H, heterocycloalkyl, substituted heterocycloalkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl; and Rn is chosen from H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl and NR 3 R 4 ; wherein at least one of adjacent pairs Re and R 7 , R 7 and R 8 , R 8 and Rg, R9 and Rio, and Rio and Ri, can join together to form a 4 to 7 membered ring or a substituted 4 to 7 membered ring.
• Ri is chosen from a lower alkyl such as methyl or ethyl.
• R 2 is chosen from H.
• R 3 and R 4 are independently chosen from H, lower alkyl such as methyl or ethyl, substituted lower alkyl and substituted hydroxyalkyl such as hydroxymethyl.
• R 5 is chosen from OH, a lower alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy, a substituted lower alkoxy and a primary amide.
• Rg is chosen from H, OH and alkoxy.
• R 3 and R 4 JoIn together to form a 3 to 6 membered ring or a substituted 3 to 6 membered ring.
• the 3 to 6 membered rings can comprise at least one heteroatom, such as at least two heteroatoms.
• R ⁇ and R 7 can join together to form a 4 to 7 membered ring or a substituted 4 to 7 membered ring.
• the 4 to 7 membered rings can comprise at least one heteroatom, such as at least two heteroatoms, and at least three heteroatoms.
• At least one Of R 7 , Rg, R 9 and Rio is independently chosen from halo and a moiety substituted with at least one halo, such as trifluoromethyl. In certain embodiments of compounds of Formula I, at least one of R 7 , Rg, R 9 and Rio is independently chosen from alkoxy or substituted alkoxy.
• At least one of R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and Rio is independently chosen from alkylsilyl, substituted alkylsilyl, alkynylsilyl, and substituted alkynylsilyl.
• At least one of R 7 , R 8 , R9 and Rio is independently chosen from aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, and substituted heterocycloalkyl, such as substituted pyridines, substituted pyrimidines, substituted pyrazines, substituted pyridazines, substituted tetrahydrofurans and substituted piperidines
• At least one of R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and Rio is independently chosen from H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, and substituted alkynyl, such as isopropyl, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, cyclohexene and cyclopentene.
• Each compound listed in Table 1, i.e., Compounds 1-175, contains information directed to its structure, name, molecular weight, hydrogen NMR data and at least one method of synthesis.
• compounds of the present disclosure inhibit prolyl hydroxylases such as HIF prolyl hydroxylases.
• the assays of the present disclosure may be used to determine the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitory activity of a compound.
• compounds of the present disclosure modulate HIF levels or activity, for example, by stabilizing HIF.
• compounds of the present disclosure can contain one or more chiral centers.
• Such compounds can be prepared or isolated as pure stereoisomers, i.e., as individual enantiomers or diastereomers, or as stereoisomer-enriched mixtures. All such stereoisomers, and enriched mixtures thereof, are included within the scope of the present disclosure. Pure stereoisomers, and enriched mixtures thereof, can be prepared using, for example, optically active starting materials or stereoselective reagents well-known in the art. Alternatively, racemic mixtures of such compounds can be separated using, for example, chiral column chromatography, chiral resolving agents and the like.
• Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound described herein.
• the at least one compound can be present in an amount effective for the treatment of at least one disease chosen from ischemia, anemia, wound healing, auto- transplantation, allo- transplantation, xeno-transplantation, systemic high blood pressure, thalassemia, diabetes, cancer and an inflammatory disorder.
• inventions of the present disclosure are directed to a method of treating a condition where it is desired to modulate HIF activity comprising administering to a subject at least one compound described herein.
• the condition can be chosen from at least one of ischemia, anemia, wound healing, auto- transplantation, allo- transplantation, xenotransplantation, systemic high blood pressure, thalassemia, diabetes, cancer and an inflammatory disorder.
• a further embodiment is directed to a method of treating at least one disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound described herein.
• the at least one disease can be chosen from ischemia, anemia, wound healing, auto- transplantation, allo- transplantation, xeno-transplantation, systemic high blood pressure, thalassemia, diabetes, cancer and an inflammatory disorder.
• inventions of the present disclosure are directed to assays for the detection of hydroxyprolyl HIFl -a proteins or fragments thereof comprising incubating a fluorochrome- labeled HIFl- ⁇ polypeptide or fragment thereof with a VCB complex labeled with a rare earth element and detecting the binding of the VCB complex, to HIFl- ⁇ by homogeneous time-resolved FRET.
• the fluorochrome may be allophycocyanin.
• the rare earth element may be europium.
• Additional embodiments are directed to assays for the detection of hydroxyprolyl HIFl- ⁇ proteins or fragments thereof comprising incubating a HIFl- ⁇ polypeptide or fragment thereof with a VCB complex labeled with ruthenium and detecting the binding of the VCB complex to HIF 1- ⁇ by electrochemiluminescence.
• the HIF 1- ⁇ polypeptide or fragment thereof may be bound to a solid support.
• the assays of the present disclosure may also be used to detect the hydroxylation of HIFl - ⁇ proteins or fragments thereof by HIF prolyl hydroxylases.
• R8, R9 I or Br , etc
• Method 5 7-Bromo-l-methyl-lH-benzordi ⁇ .31oxazine-2,4-dione Sodium hydride (0.47 g, 12 mmol) was added to a 3 neck 250 mL RBF under nitrogen and then washed with hexanes. Once the hexanes were decanted, N,N-dimethylformamide (20.0 mL, 11 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was cooled to 0 0 C using an ice-water bath, and then 7-bromo-lH-benzo[d][l,3]oxazine-2,4-dione (2.7 g, 11 mmol) was added in one batch.
• Method 8 tert-Butyl 4-hydroxy-6-iodo- 1 -meth yl-2-oxo- 1.2-dihydroquinoline-3 -carboxylate To a solution of tert-butyl malonate (5 ml, 20 mmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (70 ml) was added 60% Sodium hydride (0.8 g, 35 mmol) in portions. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 min. then a solution of 6-iodo-l-methyl-lH-benzo[d][l,3]oxazine-2,4- dione (6.1 g, 20 mmol) in 1,4-Dioxane (40 ml) was added.
• Method 9 Methyl 7-bromo-4-hvdroxy-l-methyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihvdroquinoline-3-carboxylate To a 50 ITLL RBF was added sodium hydride (0.15 g, 3.7 mmol) and N,N- dimethylformamide (50 mL, 3.1 mmol) under nitrogen. The mixture was cooled with an ice- water bath for 10 min, and then dimethyl malonate (6.4 mL, 56 mmol) was added over 3 min.
• 1.2-dihvdroquinoline-7-carboxylate 4-hydroxy-7-(methoxycarbonyl)- l-methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (107 mg, 386 ⁇ mol), glycine benzyl ester hydrochloride (117 mg, 579 ⁇ mol), pybop (603 mg, 1158 ⁇ mol), and diisopropylethylamine (403 ⁇ l, 2316 ⁇ mol) were dissolved in DMF and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours.
• the flask was flushed with argon, and then tetraethylammonium cyanide (0.85 g, 5.4 mmol) was added. After sealing the tubeand heating at 75 0 C for 4 hours, the reaction was cooled to rt and then adsorbed onto silica. The crude reaction mixture was purified using flash chromatography (15-70% EtOAc:Hex gradient) to afford the ester intermediate. The methyl ester was hydrolyzed by mixing the solid with 5 N aqueous NaOH (5 mL) in THF (4 mL) for 4 hours.
• the mixture was acidified to pH 1 with 5 N HCl and the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water (5x15 mL) nad then with ether (2x5 mL). The solid was dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 50 0 C to afford the desired material (0.92 g, 56% yield).
• the solid was suspended in methanol (10 mL) with Pd/C (20 mol%) and exposed to hydrogen from a balloon for 16 h.
• the crude reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filter pad was washed with dichloromethane (5x10 mL) under argon.
• the filtrate was concentrated to give a white solid that was further purified on silica by flash chromatography (100% chloroform).
• the solid was then treated with 5 N aqueous NaOH (3 mL) in THF (3 mL) for 5 hours.
• the mixture was acidified to pH 1 using 5 N aqueous HCl, and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration.
• Tetraethylammonium cyanide (0.085 g, 0.54 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (ImI) were added and the tube was sealed and heated to 145°C for 15min under Argon in a microwave (Personal Chemistry 300W). After cooling, the mixture was filtered and washed with methylene chloride (50ml). The filtrate was washed with deionized water (3x50ml), then with brine (50ml), dried over magnesium sulfate then concentrated and dried in vacuo.
• the solvent was removed in vacuo and the aqueous layer was acidified with 2N HCl to pH2. Following dilution with EtOAc, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3x). The organic layer was washed with H20 and brine, then dried over Na 2 SO4. The solvent was removed by rotovap, azeotroping with benzene (3x) to give a light yellow solid which was rinsed with DCM followed by MeOH.
• reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with water and dried over MgSO 4 to afford tert-butyl 2-(l-methyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamido)acetate in a 27% yield.
• Trifluoroacetic acid (1.00ml, 13 mmol) was added to tert-butyl 2-(l-methyl-2-oxo- l,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamido)acetate (0.02 Ig, 0.07 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. Trifluoroacetic acid was removed under vacuum and the resulting solids were washed with water(3x), ether(3x) and dried in a vacuum oven at 50 0 C to afford 2-(l-methyl-2-oxo-l,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamido)acetic acid in 29% yield.
• Methyl 2-(4-methoxy- 1 -methyl-2-oxo- 1 ,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamido)acetate (0.150 g, 0.5 mmol) was dissolved in THF in a 25 mL round bottom flask. NaOH was added and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours. Dichloromethane and water were added to the reaction and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was washed two more times with dichloromethane . To the aqueous phase, IN HCL was added until the pH was approximately 1. The aqueous phase was then extracted with 25% IPA/CHC13, dried with MgS ⁇ 4 and concentrated on a roto-evaporator. The compound was then purified by HPLC to give the desired product as a white solid.
• the VCB complex is defined as the Von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL), elongin B and elongin C heterotrimeric complex.
• VCB specifically binds to hydroxyproline residues of HIF l ⁇ , initiating polyubiquitinylation of HIFl ⁇ and its subsequent proteolytic destruction. In the absence of prolyl hydroxylase activity, VCB does not bind unmodified HIF l ⁇ .
• the VCB complex was expressed in E.coli and purified from the soluble fraction.
• the amino acid sequences of the three protein components are as follows:
• VHL Amino Acids 54-213
• VHL contains a six histidine affinity tag for purification purposes.
• a VCB-based assay allows a highly sensitive and direct measurement of enzymatic product formation (HIF lot protein or fragments thereof containing a hydroxylated proline residue) and is suitable for high throughput screening.
• VHL 54-213 was cloned into pAMG21 (Plux promoter) between the Ndel-Xhol site. Immediately downstream of this is the ElonginC gene cloned into the Xhol site to SacIL There is a 13 bp spacer between the stop codon of VHL and the initiating codon of ElonginC.
• the expression plasmid pAMG21 is a 6118 base pair plasmid that was derived from the expression vector pCFM1656 (ATCC #69576), which in turn can be derived from the expression vector system described in US Patent No. 4,710,473.
• This design allows for chemical, rather than thermal induction of protein expression by substitution of the promoter region, replacing a synthetic bacteriophage lambda pi promoter with a DNA segment containing the LuxR gene and the LuxPR promoter, and affords regulation of expression by the plasmid-encoded LuxR protein, thereby allowing any E.coli strain to serve as host.
• ElonginB was cloned into pTA2 (pACYC 184.1 based vector) under the control of a Lac promoter. Competent E.coli cells were transformed with the pAMG21-VHL-ElonginC construct. These E.coli cells were rendered competent again prior to transformation with the pTA2-elonginB construct to produce the final E.coli strain containing both plasmid constructs. Induction of protein expression was initiated by the addition of IPTG and N-(3- oxo-hexanoyl)-homoserine lactone (HSL) at 30 0 C.
• HSL N-(3- oxo-hexanoyl)-homoserine lactone
• Bacterial cells were lysed by a microfluidizer in aqueous buffer of pH 8.0 and the soluble fraction was separated by centrifugation.
• the soluble E.coli fraction was subjected to Nickel-NTA chelating chromatography to utilize the six histidine affinity tag located on the p VHL construct.
• the pooled fractions from the nickel column were applied to a Superdex 200 size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column.
• SEC size exclusion chromatography
• the protein eluted as a monomer on SEC, indicating that the three protein components formed a complex in solution.
• the fractions from the SEC column were pooled and applied to a Q Sepharose anion exchange column for final purification.
• the purified complex was visualized by SDS-PAGE and the identities of the three protein components were confirmed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing.
• VCB Purified VCB was exchanged into 50 mM sodium carbonate buffer pH 9.2 and labeled with a europium chelate overnight.
• LANCETM europium chelate PerkinElmer, Inc; Eu-W1024 rrC chelate; catalog number is AD0013
• the chelate contains an isothiocyanate reactive group that specifically labels proteins on lysine residues (there are fifteen lysine residues in the VCB protein complex).
• the resulting europylated VCB was purified by desalting columns and quantitated by standard means. The labeling yield was determined to be 6.6 europium groups per one VCB complex.
• Two peptides were produced by SynPep, Inc: a hydroxyproline modified peptide and an unmodified control peptide.
• VCB was expected to specifically bind to the hydroxyproline modified peptide (a mimic of enzymatic hydroxylation by prolyl hydroxylase).
• VCB was not expected to bind to the unmodified peptide.
• Both peptides were produced with a biotin group at the N-terminus to allow for binding by the streptavidin-labeled fluorescent acceptor allophycocyanin (streptavidin APC; Prozyme, Inc.).
• Biotin-DLDLEALA[hyP]YIPADDDFQLR-CONH2 The peptides were purchased from SynPep as lyophilized solids and were suspended in DMSO for experimental use. The peptides were quantitated according to their absorbance at 280nm.
• Binding of the P564-HIFl ⁇ peptide to VCB was validated utilizing the homogeneous time-resolved FRET (HTRF) technology.
• HTRF homogeneous time-resolved FRET
• a 17 amino acid (17aa) peptide with an N- terminally labeled biotin molecule corresponding to amino acid sequences 558 to 574 of the HIF l ⁇ protein was synthesized ih-house (DLEMLAP YIPMDDDFQL).
• a second 17aa peptide containing a hydroxylated proline at position 564 was chemically generated to mimic the PHD enzyme converted product form of the protein that is recognized by VCB.
• the assay was performed in a final volume of lOO ⁇ l in buffer containing 5OmM Tris-HCl (pH 8), 10OmM NaCl, 0.05% heat inactivated FBS, 0.05% Tween-20, and 0.5% NaN 3 .
• the optimal signal over background and the linear range of detection was determined by titrating the hydroxylated or unhydroxylated peptide at varied concentrations between 0 and l ⁇ M with a titration of VCB-Eu at varying concentrations between 0 and 5OnM with 5OnM of streptavidin APC.
• the binding reagents were allowed to reach equilibrium by shaking for 1 hour before it was read on the Discovery Instrument (Packard).
• the data output is the ratio of the 665nm and 620nm emission signal resulting from the 320nm excitation.
• HIF PHD2 activity was detected by P564-HIFl ⁇ peptide and VCB binding in the HTRF format.
• HIF PHD2 was assayed at various concentrations between 0 and 40OnM with 3 ⁇ M HIFl ⁇ peptide in buffer containing 5OmM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 10OmM NaCl, 0.05% Tween 20, 2mM 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), 2mM ascorbic acid and lOO ⁇ M FeC12 in a final volume of lOO ⁇ L.
• the time-course was determined by periodically transferring 2.5 ⁇ L of the reaction into 250 ⁇ l of 10x HTRF buffer containing 50OmM HEPES (pH 7.5), IM NaCl, 1% BSA, and 0.5% Tween-20 to terminate the enzyme reaction. 15nM HIF- l ⁇ peptide from the terminated reaction was added to 35nM streptavidin-APC and 1OnM VCB-Eu to a final volume of lOO ⁇ l in 1OX HTRF buffer. The HTRF reagents were placed on a shaker for 1 hour before detection on the Discovery platform.
• HIF PHD2 catalyzes a hydroxyl modification on the proline residue of the P564-HIF1 ⁇ peptide substrate (Biotin-DLEMLAPYIPMDDDFQL) resulting in recognition and binding of the europylated Von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL), elongin B and elongin C heterotrimeric (VCB-Eu) complex.
• the PHD2 inhibition assay was executed by addition of freshly dissolved FeCl 2 to 178.57 ⁇ M (100 ⁇ M final concentration) in PHD2 Reaction Buffer containing 30 mM MES, pH 6, 10 mM NaCl, 0.25% Brij-35, 0.01% BSA, and 1% DMSO. 28 ⁇ L of the iron solution and 2 ⁇ l of inhibitor compounds serially diluted in 100% DMSO (5% DMSO final) were added to black polypropylene 96-well microtiter plates.
• PHD2 Reaction Buffer To initiate the PHD2 enzymatic reaction, 10 ⁇ L of a solution containing 500 nM P564-HIFl ⁇ peptide (100 nM final), 10 mM ascorbic acid (2 mM final), and 1.25 ⁇ M 2- oxoglutarate ( ⁇ -ketoglutarate; 0.25 ⁇ M final) in PHD2 Reaction Buffer was added to all wells of the plate and allowed to incubate on the shaker at room temperature for one hour.
• the reaction was terminated by addition of 25 ⁇ L HTRF Buffer (50 mM TRIS-HCl, pH 9, 100 mM NaCl, 0.05% BSA, and 0.5% Tween-20) containing 150 mM succinate (product inhibitor; 50 mM final), 75 nM streptavidin-APC (25 nM final), and 7.5 nM VCB- Eu (2.5 nM final).
• the HTRF detection reagents were placed on a shaker for 1 hour to reach binding equilibrium before reading on the Discovery platform (PerkinElmer). Europium is excited at 315nm and phosphoresces at 615nm with a large Stoke's shift. APC, in turn, emits at 655nm upon excitation at 615nm.
• the HTRF signal is measured as the ratio of the APC 655nm signal divided by the internal europium reference 615nm emission signal.
• compounds of the present invention exhibit a HIF PHD inhibitory activity IC 50 value of 40 ⁇ M or less. In additional embodiments, compounds of the present invention exhibit a HIF PHD inhibitory activity IC 50 value of 10 ⁇ M or less. Ruthenylation and application of His-tagged VCB in EIectrochemiluminesence (ECL) detection assay
• Ruthenylated VCB (Ru-VCB) was produced that retained HIF binding activity and was used to develop a bead-based electrochemiluminescence assay for the detection of hydroxylated HIF peptides.
• VCB produced as described above, was ruthenylated (covalently through lysine residues) by mixing 500 ⁇ L of VCB (lmg/mL in 5OmM carbonate buffer, pH 9.0) with 50 ⁇ L of ORI-T AGTM - NHS ester (BioVeris Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD; 3mg/mL in 100% DMSO) for a 12: 1 Ru: VCB molar challenge ratio. The sample was wrapped in foil to protect it from light and the chemical conjugation was allowed to occur for one hour at room temperature. The reaction was stopped by adding 20 ⁇ L 2M glycine and incubating for 10 minutes. Ru-VCB was purified from unconjugated Ru-tag by dialysis into storage buffer (2OmM Tris pH 7.5, 15OmM NaCl).
• both biotin-HIF and biotin-HIF-OH were serially diluted and mixed with varying concentrations of Ru-VCB and 0.33ug/uL streptavidin M280 Dynabeads (Invitrogen) in assay buffer (5OmM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 10OmM NaCl, 0.05% Tween 20, 0.5% NaNs). After a two-hour incubation at room temperature with shaking, the reaction was read on the M-SERIESTM analyzer (BioVeris Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD).

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