WO2007052357A1 - イソソルビド製剤 - Google Patents
イソソルビド製剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007052357A1 WO2007052357A1 PCT/JP2005/020326 JP2005020326W WO2007052357A1 WO 2007052357 A1 WO2007052357 A1 WO 2007052357A1 JP 2005020326 W JP2005020326 W JP 2005020326W WO 2007052357 A1 WO2007052357 A1 WO 2007052357A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- isosorbide
- weight
- pharmaceutical composition
- less
- particle size
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/141—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers
- A61K9/145—Intimate drug-carrier mixtures characterised by the carrier, e.g. ordered mixtures, adsorbates, solid solutions, eutectica, co-dried, co-solubilised, co-kneaded, co-milled, co-ground products, co-precipitates, co-evaporates, co-extrudates, co-melts; Drug nanoparticles with adsorbed surface modifiers with organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/34—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an isosorbide preparation containing crystalline isosorbide in the fields of pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, and the like, and more particularly, to a granular or powdered isosorbide preparation that is stable for a long period of time and excellent in portability.
- Isosorbide preparation is widely used as a symptomatic treatment for brain pressure drop during brain tumor, brain pressure drop due to head injury due to head injury, diuresis during renal ureteral stone, glaucoma intraocular pressure drop and Meniere's disease ing.
- isosorbide preparation an internal solution that fills a bottle with multiple doses has been developed and marketed. While liquids for internal use are easier to drink than solid preparations such as granules, isosorbide has a unique strong bitter taste, so even if the bitterness is corrected with a flavoring agent, it satisfies everyone due to individual differences in taste It ’s difficult.
- the liquid for internal use contains about 30% of water, so that it becomes heavy and the bottle remains bulky and portability is poor. Therefore, patients actually have to carry their bottles when they go out, and there has been a demand for the development of isosorbide preparations that are more portable. Disclosure of the invention
- crystalline isosorbide can be made into a powder or granule and packaged one at a time to improve the portability problem.
- crystal isosorbide exhibits extremely high hygroscopicity, so it was sealed. Even if the packaging material is easily deliquescent.
- crystalline isosorbide has a problem that even if it uses a packaging material containing aluminum and moisture permeation into the packaging is prevented, it will solidify in a short period of time due to its own moisture and impair its commercial value. .
- isosorbide since isosorbide has a unique strong bitter taste, when taking a direct formulation as a powder or granule containing in the oral cavity, improvement in the feeling of taking is a major development issue. Therefore, when developing a solid formulation of isosorbide, consider the form of the formulation that does not absorb moisture or solidify and can be stored stably, and in the case of a formulation that is directly contained in the oral cavity, such as a powder or granule In addition, it must be easy to take.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a solid preparation of isosorbide which is stable for a long period of time and has excellent portability.
- the present inventors have found that a preparation containing a crystalline isosorbide having a water content of 0.5% by weight or less and a lubricant is combined with moisture absorption and consolidation of the preparation. Has been found to be remarkably suppressed, and the present invention has been completed by further research based on this finding.
- the isosorbide preparation of the present invention contains a crystalline isosorbide having a water content of 0.5% by weight or less (except when containing 85% by weight or more having a particle size of less than 35 ⁇ m) and a lubricant.
- the pharmaceutical composition is packaged with a packaging material that does not allow permeation of water.
- the content ratio of particles having a particle size smaller than 35 55 ⁇ m (42 mesh) is 40% by weight or less (more preferably 30% by weight or less).
- Mesh An isosorbide preparation comprising a lubricant blended with crystalline isosorbide containing 10% by weight or less (more preferably 6% by weight or less) and packaging with a non-water-permeable packaging material. It is.
- Such isosorbide preparation comprises isosorbide having a water content of 0.5% by weight or less, a lubricant, a sweetener and a flavoring agent.
- the pharmaceutical composition may be packaged with a packaging material that is impermeable to water.
- a packaging material that is impermeable to water.
- any of powder, granule and dry syrup is preferable.
- a synthetic caustic acid system is suitably used as the lubricant, and the amount of the lubricant is preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
- a material made of a material containing aluminum is preferably used as a packaging material for the isosorbide preparation.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of the sensory test in Test Example 3.
- the isosorbide used in the present invention that is, 1,4: 3,6-dianhydro D-Dulcitol, is of a quality sufficient as a raw material for pharmaceuticals, has crystallinity, and is powdery or granular in water. The rate is low.
- the method for producing isosorbide is not particularly limited.
- a dehydration reaction from sorbitol with an acid can be generated, but other methods may be used.
- the purification method is not particularly limited, and may be a known method such as chromatographic separation or distillation.
- the method for obtaining crystalline isosorbide is not particularly limited, and any method may be used, such as cooling molten isosorbide to form crystalline isosorbide, or adding an organic solvent to an aqueous solution of isosorbide to crystallize isosorbide.
- the crystalline isosonolebid is pulverized and sieved to obtain the crystalline isosorbide of the desired particle size, but the pulverization method is not particularly limited. And the like can be used.
- isosorbide has a low melting point of 61-64 ° C, it is preferable to use a round granulator that generates little heat during pulverization.
- crystalline isosorbide has a water content of 0.5% by weight or less, preferably 0%. 3% by weight or less is used. According to Japanese Pharmacopoeia standards, the water content of isosorbide is set at 1.5% by weight or less, but when the water content exceeds 0.5% by weight, aggregation, adhesion, etc. occur, resulting in poor fluidity. However, it is difficult to handle as powder, which is not preferable.
- moisture content refers to a value measured according to the general test method (Karl Fischer method) in the 14th revised Japanese Pharmacopoeia Manual.
- crystalline isosorbide in general, when a large amount of crystalline isosorbide having a small particle size is contained, moisture absorption and deliquescence become stronger, and consolidation tends to occur. Furthermore, when it is directly contained in the oral cavity, such as powders or granules, it dissolves quickly in the oral cavity, and it becomes easy to feel the strong bitterness characteristic of isosorbide. On the other hand, when a large amount of crystalline isosorbide with a large particle size is included, moisture absorption and deliquescence are alleviated and it is difficult to consolidate. It is in.
- crystal isosorbide containing 85% by weight or more (preferably about 80% or more) having a particle size smaller than 3 55 / m is excluded, and the particle size is 140,000 ⁇ m or more. It is desirable not to use crystalline isosorbide containing 85% by weight or more (preferably about 80% or more).
- crystalline isosorbide having a particle size of less than 30% by weight and less than 30% by weight and having a particle size of not less than 1400 ⁇ m and not more than 6% by weight. Used as a thing.
- the content ratio is determined by classifying the pulverized crystalline isosorbide using a No. 4 2 (3 5 5 ⁇ ⁇ ) sieve and a No. 1 2 (1 4 400 / zm) sieve. This is the value calculated by measuring the weight.
- the content of isosorbide in the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention is not particularly limited. However, when isosorbide is prescribed for indications such as Meniere's disease, the daily dose is 6 3 to 8 4 g (isosorbide solid content conversion) When prescribed for the purpose of lowering brain pressure, lowering intraocular pressure, and diuresis, the daily dose is 49 to 98 g (isosorbide solid content equivalent), and the dose is large. For this reason, when many components other than crystal isosorbide are contained, the amount of the drug to be taken is further increased, which is not preferable. Therefore, the content of isosorbide is preferably 80% by weight or more, particularly 90% by weight or more based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
- Lubricants used in the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention include known hydrous silicon dioxide, light anhydrous key acid, key acid hydrate, stearate and the like used for the purpose of preventing caking. Lubricants can be used.
- a kei-based lubricant eg Shionogi
- Carplex eg Shionogi
- Freund Sangyo AdSorida _ 1 0 2 Tokuyama, Silica Kogyo, Mizusawa Chemical Industry, Nippon Aerosil Hydrous Silicon Dioxide, Nippon Aerosil Aerosol Nore, Fuji Devison Chemicals Siloid, Freund Industry And so on.
- the blending amount of the lubricant used in the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be from 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition. Preferably, it is 0.05 to 2% by weight. If it is less than 1% by weight, the caking prevention effect is insufficient, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, the rough feeling caused by the lubricant at the time of taking is conspicuous, and the amount of medicine to be taken increases. There is a tendency.
- excipients in the present invention, excipients, disintegrating agents, binders, and corrigents that are usually used in pharmaceutical formulations as desired, as long as they do not impair the stability of moisture absorption and caking, taking feeling, and portability of the pharmaceutical composition.
- Sweetening agents, coloring agents, suspending agents, pH adjusting agents, antifoaming agents, preservatives, fragrances, fluidizing agents, and the like can be further appropriately added to the pharmaceutical composition. It should be noted that these excipients, sweeteners and the like can be easily blended using methods well known to those skilled in the art, for example, the Japanese Pharmacopoeia General Rules for Preparations or a method according thereto.
- sweeteners include high-intensity sweeteners that can express sweetness even in very small amounts, such as aspartame, acesulfame potassium, saccharin sodium, sucralose, Examples thereof include glycyrrhizic acid and stevia.
- sugar sweetener include sorbitol, erythritol, xylitol, maltitol, glucose, sucrose, fructose and the like.
- flavors include yogurt flavor, peppermint flavor, banana flavor, strawberry flavor, peach flavor, grape flavor, pineapple flavor, grapefruit flavor, orange flavor, lemon flavor, apple flavor, acerola flavor, blue belly.
- flavors include yogurt flavor, peppermint flavor, banana flavor, strawberry flavor, peach flavor, grape flavor, pineapple flavor, grapefruit flavor, orange flavor, lemon flavor, apple flavor, acerola flavor, blue belly.
- fragrance include fragrance, ume fragrance, umesh fragrance, coffee fragrance, tea fragrance, and vanilla fragrance.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention only needs to coexist in a state where crystalline isosorbide and a lubricant, and if desired, further a sweetening agent, a fragrance and the like are mixed, and the production method thereof is not particularly limited.
- it can be obtained by mixing crystalline isosorbide and a lubricant in a mixing container and mixing methods such as convection, shearing and diffusion.
- It can also be obtained by various granulation methods such as liquid phase granulation and vacuum freeze granulation.
- a dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition a granule, a powder or a dry mouth is preferred.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention must be packaged in a completely moisture-proof packaging material.
- the packaging material aluminum can be mentioned, but a known packaging material can be used as long as the above conditions are satisfied.
- These can be used as packaging materials by combining other various materials, such as multilayer composite films made of combinations of various plastic films and aluminum, and aluminum between the film layers of plastic films. It may be a multilayer film in which a foil or a desiccant is inserted, or may be a vapor-deposited film in which aluminum is vapor-deposited on a plastic film.
- the packaging form of the isosorbide preparation of the present invention is preferably in a form that is opened for the first time when the pharmaceutical composition is taken. Also, of the pharmaceutical composition per packet
- the volume is not particularly limited, but crystalline isosorbide exhibits high hygroscopicity and is not suitable for storage once opened, so the total volume can be used all at once, 1 to 2 volume, or 1/3 volume, etc. Preferably there is.
- Isosorbide is pulverized with a roll-type granulator roll duller ureter (manufactured by Nippon Granulator), and a particle size of less than 35 5 / m is 25% by weight, and a particle size of 1400 m or more is 1 Crystalline isosorbide (water content 0.3% by weight) containing 5% by weight was obtained.
- This crystalline isosorbide 3 960 g and hydrous silicon dioxide (Carplex: manufactured by Shionogi & Co.) 40 g (1.0% by weight of the solid composition) were charged into a mixing machine (Bole container mixer: manufactured by Kotopuki Giken). A pharmaceutical composition was obtained by mixing at a rotational speed of 25 rpm for 5 minutes.
- This pharmaceutical composition is packaged in 7 g sticks with an aluminum laminated sheet packaging material (powdered aluminum packaging film, PET # 1 2 / ACZP E 1 5 / AL 9 PE 30: Tamapoli Co., Ltd.), and an isosorbide preparation ( A water content of 0.3% by weight) was produced.
- Example 1 a pharmaceutical composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the same amount of light anhydrous caustic acid (Aerosil: made by Nippon Aerosil) was used instead of hydrous silicon dioxide (Carplex) 4 O g.
- the obtained pharmaceutical composition was packaged in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an isosorbide preparation (water content: 0.3% by weight).
- Crystalline isosorbide obtained by the same grinding method as in Example 1 (water content 0.1 wt%) 2 96 70 g, hydrous silicon dioxide (Carplex) 300 g, aspartame (sweetener) 18 g, and yogurt micron (Fragrance) 1 2 g was charged into a double cone type mixer (double cone renderer: W—100), rotating at 25 rpm, 10 Mix for minutes to obtain a pharmaceutical composition.
- This pharmaceutical composition was packaged in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce a isosorbide preparation (dry syrup, water content 0.1% by weight).
- Example 3 a pharmaceutical composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the same amount of light anhydrous silicic acid (Aerosil) was added instead of 300 g of hydrous silicon dioxide (Carplex). The obtained pharmaceutical composition was packaged in the same manner as in Example 3 to produce a isosorbide preparation (dry syrup, water content 0.1 wt%).
- Example 2 instead of crystalline isosorbide used in Example 1, the particle size is 3 5 5 mu m Ri smaller ones 7 wt 0/0, the crystal Isosorubi de particle size containing 1% by weight of more than 1 4 0 0 / m
- a pharmaceutical composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that was used and packaged in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an isosorbide preparation (water content: 0.2% by weight).
- Example 2 a crystalline isosorbide containing 35% by weight having a particle size smaller than 3555 ⁇ and 8% by weight having a particle size of 1400 ⁇ m or more is used.
- a pharmaceutical composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used, and was packaged in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an isosorbide preparation (water content: 0.2% by weight).
- Example 3 a pharmaceutical composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the same amount of acesulfame potassium was blended in place of aspartame (sweetener) 18 g. The product was packaged in the same manner as in Example 3 to produce an isosorbide preparation (dry syrup, water content 0.1 wt%).
- Example 1 a pharmaceutical composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that crystalline isosorbide containing 85% by weight of particles having a particle size of 140,000 ⁇ m or more was blended. The product was obtained and packaged in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an isosorbide preparation (water content: 0.1% by weight).
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1
- Example 2 In place of the crystalline isosorbide used in Example 1, a pharmaceutical composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that crystalline isosorbide containing 85% by weight of particles having a particle size smaller than 3555 ⁇ was used. Obtained and packaged in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an isosorbide preparation (water content: 0.2% by weight).
- Example 1 except that hydrous silicon dioxide (Carplex) is not blended, a pharmaceutical composition is obtained by the same method as in Example 1, and the obtained pharmaceutical composition is packaged in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare an isosorbide preparation. (Water content 0.3% by weight) was produced.
- Hydrous silicon dioxide Carplex
- Example 1 an isosorbide preparation (water content: 0.3% by weight) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that instead of the aluminum laminated sheet packaging material, packaging was performed with a glass vapor-deposited film packaging material.
- a pharmaceutical composition was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that crystalline isosorbide having a water content of 0.8% by weight was used instead of the crystalline isosorbide used in Example 1.
- stick packaging was attempted with the same packaging machine as in Example 1. However, a part of the pharmaceutical composition was agglomerated in the middle of packaging, and the packaging machine was blocked. It was.
- the isosorbide preparations obtained in Examples 1 to 3, 5 to 6, and 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were subjected to a sensory test according to the following criteria.
- the pharmaceutical composition was prepared as a powder or granule and evaluated by 15 panelists. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 8 with a large particle size, the bitterness was not noticeable, but the aftertaste and the rough feeling were remarkable, and it was unacceptable for taking. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 1 with a small particle size, a strong bitter taste and aftertaste were felt, and the taste was unacceptable for taking.
- Isosorbide preparation dry syrup obtained in Example 3 and commercially available isosorb About the internal use of liquid for internal use (“Isobid” Nikken Chemical)
- Example 3 The sensory test (bitterness, aftertaste, sweetness, refreshing feeling, comprehensive evaluation) was conducted.
- the formulation of Example 3 was obtained by suspending 1 packet (about 7 g) in about 5 mL of water, and about 1 O mL was used as is for the internal solution of isosorbide. Evaluation was performed by 13 panelists, and the total score was evaluated. The results are shown in FIG.
- the isosorbide preparation of the present invention is stable for a long time and has excellent portability. Furthermore, by containing crystalline isosorbide having a predetermined particle size distribution, when taking the formulation directly into the oral cavity in a dosage form such as powder or granule, when taking it after suspending in water as a dry mouthpiece In any of the administration methods, an isosorbide preparation with a good feeling of administration is provided.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020087011169A KR101499257B1 (ko) | 2005-10-31 | 2005-10-31 | 이소소르비드 제제 |
CN2005800519826A CN101370493B (zh) | 2005-10-31 | 2005-10-31 | 异山梨醇制剂 |
KR1020137013774A KR20130061199A (ko) | 2005-10-31 | 2005-10-31 | 이소소르비드 제제 |
PCT/JP2005/020326 WO2007052357A1 (ja) | 2005-10-31 | 2005-10-31 | イソソルビド製剤 |
HK09107503.6A HK1129310A1 (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2009-08-14 | Isosorbide preparation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/020326 WO2007052357A1 (ja) | 2005-10-31 | 2005-10-31 | イソソルビド製剤 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2007052357A1 true WO2007052357A1 (ja) | 2007-05-10 |
Family
ID=38005521
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/020326 WO2007052357A1 (ja) | 2005-10-31 | 2005-10-31 | イソソルビド製剤 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (2) | KR20130061199A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101370493B (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1129310A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007052357A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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KR101959994B1 (ko) | 2017-07-25 | 2019-03-21 | 순천대학교 산학협력단 | 항균활성을 나타내는 이소소르비드 유도체 및 이를 유효성분으로 포함하는 항균용 조성물 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995013794A1 (fr) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-05-26 | Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. | Procede pour produire une composition de medicament stable, et preparation pharmaceutique |
JP2003250454A (ja) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-09 | Lion Corp | 酵素配合咀嚼用組成物包装体 |
JP2003535866A (ja) * | 2000-06-09 | 2003-12-02 | ロケット・フルーレ | 少なくとも1つの水素添加糖の内部脱水生成物を含む組成物の精製方法 |
JP2004292360A (ja) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-21 | Fujiyakuhin Co Ltd | イソソルビド含有水性組成物 |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69710426T2 (de) * | 1996-11-29 | 2002-10-02 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab | Verpackung für Inklusionsprodukt und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
-
2005
- 2005-10-31 CN CN2005800519826A patent/CN101370493B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-31 KR KR1020137013774A patent/KR20130061199A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-10-31 WO PCT/JP2005/020326 patent/WO2007052357A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-10-31 KR KR1020087011169A patent/KR101499257B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-08-14 HK HK09107503.6A patent/HK1129310A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995013794A1 (fr) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-05-26 | Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. | Procede pour produire une composition de medicament stable, et preparation pharmaceutique |
JP2003535866A (ja) * | 2000-06-09 | 2003-12-02 | ロケット・フルーレ | 少なくとも1つの水素添加糖の内部脱水生成物を含む組成物の精製方法 |
JP2003250454A (ja) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-09 | Lion Corp | 酵素配合咀嚼用組成物包装体 |
JP2004292360A (ja) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-21 | Fujiyakuhin Co Ltd | イソソルビド含有水性組成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20130061199A (ko) | 2013-06-10 |
CN101370493B (zh) | 2011-06-22 |
CN101370493A (zh) | 2009-02-18 |
HK1129310A1 (en) | 2009-11-27 |
KR20080074879A (ko) | 2008-08-13 |
KR101499257B1 (ko) | 2015-03-05 |
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