WO2007046138A1 - キャパシタを用いた蓄電装置とその制御方法 - Google Patents
キャパシタを用いた蓄電装置とその制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007046138A1 WO2007046138A1 PCT/JP2005/019208 JP2005019208W WO2007046138A1 WO 2007046138 A1 WO2007046138 A1 WO 2007046138A1 JP 2005019208 W JP2005019208 W JP 2005019208W WO 2007046138 A1 WO2007046138 A1 WO 2007046138A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power storage device using a capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) and a control method thereof.
- a capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC)
- EDLC electric double layer capacitors
- the “bank switching” proposed so far is based on arranging multiple EDLCs and multiple switches as shown in Fig. 1 (a) and controlling the switches.
- the EDLC connection state is switched sequentially as shown in Fig. 1 (b), Fig. 1 (c), and Fig. 1 (d).
- a set of capacitors constituting one stage is referred to as a “block”. Further, a plurality of capacitors shown in the figure may be connected in series and parallel.
- the output voltage of the power storage device increases in accordance with the voltage increase of each capacitor (EDLC) in the reverse order to the case of discharging described above, and the input upper limit of the inverter
- the EDLCs in the EDLC in series are switched to the parallel connection one block at a time.
- the EDLC of the block in which the EDLC is connected in parallel cannot be returned to the serial connection.
- This conventional ⁇ bank switching '' is effective in improving charge / discharge characteristics and discharge depth, but has the following problems.
- the EDLC terminal voltage varies from block to block. If the EDLC terminal voltage varies, the EDLC is connected in series until the EDLC of the block that has been switched to parallel connection reaches full charge! If not kept below the voltage, EDLCs are connected in series, and each EDLC in the block is overcharged.
- the force that should be used to configure the device so that the number of EDLCs that make up a block is the same is unavoidable, and the number of EDLCs in each block may differ.
- the output voltage V of the power storage device is extremely reduced
- the EDLC that reaches full charge eventually exceeds the withstand voltage and may break down.
- the semiconductor switch may be destroyed.
- a control circuit is added to prevent the EDLC terminal voltage from exceeding the withstand voltage.
- the voltage equalization circuit is a control circuit that suppresses variations in the voltage between terminals of each EDLC, and helps to improve the safety of power storage devices.
- the factors that cause variations in the EDLC terminal voltage are as follows. Three differences can be mentioned. These multiple factors overlap to create the above three problems: (1) terminals between blocks Variations in inter-voltage, (2) differences in charging characteristics depending on the number of EDLCs constituting the block, and (3) a large amount of cross-flow current. In the following, we will describe the suppression of the EDLC terminal voltage by the “equalizing circuit”.
- Preventing overcharge of EDLC by the voltage equalization circuit is realized by providing a resistor and a switch between the terminals of each EDLC as shown in Fig. 3. In other words, by monitoring the voltage between terminals of each EDLC and turning on the switch connected to the EDLC that is likely to exceed the withstand voltage, it is forcibly discharged and prevents overcharge.
- this voltage equalization circuit By using this voltage equalization circuit, the terminal voltage of the EDLC that has reached full charge faster than other EDLCs can be maintained below the withstand voltage, allowing safe charging without falling into overcharge. . In this way, aligning the voltage across all EDLC terminals to the same voltage as much as possible is referred to as “equalization” below.
- the loss caused by maintaining the ED LC terminal voltage below the withstand voltage with the voltage equalization circuit is called “equalization loss”.
- the voltage equalization circuit is also used to suppress variations in the EDLC terminal voltage.
- voltage equalization (referred to as “initialization” in the literature) is performed only in the vicinity of the voltage at which series-parallel switching is performed to reduce the variation in the voltage between terminals of each capacitor (referred to as “initialization” in the literature). For example, see Patent Document 2). In this way, by using the “equalizing circuit” and “bank switching” together, it is possible to safely operate “bank switching” and repeatedly charge and discharge the EDLC.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-215695
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-111286
- One solution to the above problem is to use an EDLC with a small capacitance error.
- it is quiet to build a device by collecting EDLCs with uniform capacitance. It is not realistic because it leads to waste of measurement time and cost increase. In particular, it takes a lot of time to accurately measure the capacitance of a large-capacity EDLC used when constructing a large-capacity energy storage device.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has a high charge / discharge efficiency that is not easily affected by the capacitance error of the capacitor, and a method of controlling the power storage device using the capacitor.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the series-parallel switching force of each block is performed only when the output voltage force S of the storage device reaches the input upper limit voltage of the inverter during the charging process, and the input lower limit voltage of the output voltage force inverter of the storage device during the discharging process. It can only be done if
- the inventor of the present application shows that the charge / discharge pattern of the voltage between the terminals of the EDLC varies from block to block, which increases the pressure equalization loss and greatly affects the charge / discharge characteristics. I found out.
- the block voltage when the EDLCs in one circuit block are connected in series, the total voltage Vb between the terminals of each EDLC is connected in parallel, and the EDLCs in one circuit block are connected in parallel.
- the block capacitors are connected in parallel in the descending order of the average voltage Vb between the terminals of each EDLC (referred to as “block voltage”).
- the power storage device using the capacitor according to the invention of claim 1 is a circuit in which n circuit blocks each having a plurality of capacitors (where n is a natural number of 2 or more) are connected in series.
- a storage means having a circuit configuration, a DC / AC conversion means for converting a DC output voltage from the storage means into an AC output voltage and applying it to a load, and a state in which a plurality of capacitors for each circuit block of the storage means are connected in parallel.
- the series-parallel switching means for switching to a state in which they are connected in series, and the capacitor forcibly discharging when the terminal voltage of the capacitor of the power storage means reaches a withstand voltage value, each of which is connected in parallel to the capacitor of the power storage means
- a plurality of overcharge prevention means, a terminal voltage detection means for detecting a voltage between terminals of a plurality of capacitors in each circuit block of the power storage means, and a terminal between each capacitor detected by the terminal voltage detection means Based on the voltage, a block voltage obtaining means for obtaining a block voltage, which is a voltage of the circuit block, for each circuit block, and an output voltage of the storage means are detected.
- the block voltage obtained by the block voltage obtaining means even during the second process of controlling the series / parallel switching means and until the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the input upper limit voltage of the DC / AC conversion means again.
- a third step of controlling the series-parallel switching means so that a plurality of capacitors of j circuit blocks are connected in parallel to each other, and the control means is configured to store the storage means when the storage means is discharged.
- “at the start of charging of the power storage means” means that almost no charge is stored in each capacitor in the power storage means.
- the accumulated time includes the time when the input lower limit voltage of the direct current to alternating current converting means is reached and the electric charge is not accumulated in each capacitor in the electric storage means.
- “when the discharge of the electricity storage means starts” is when all the capacitors in the electricity storage means are almost fully charged, but when all the capacitors in the electricity storage means are fully charged, This includes the case where charge is accumulated in each capacitor in the storage means to the extent that the input lower limit voltage of the DC-AC conversion means is exceeded when the block capacitors are connected in parallel.
- a plurality of capacitors in each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in series when charging of the power storage means is started (first process).
- j blocks in the descending order of the block voltage obtained by the block voltage obtaining means (where j is the input upper limit for one charge)
- a number of capacitors that are the number of times that the voltage has been reached and are a maximum of n) are connected in parallel (second process).
- a plurality of capacitors of j circuit blocks are arranged in descending order of the block voltage obtained by the block voltage obtaining means. Are connected in parallel (third process).
- a plurality of capacitors in each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in series to start charging the power storage means, and the output voltage of the power storage means is the input upper limit voltage of the DC / AC converter.
- the capacitor of the circuit block having the largest block voltage is connected in parallel, that is, the capacitor of the circuit block having the smallest total capacitance is connected in parallel.
- the voltage equalization loss can be reduced, and the capacitor of the circuit block having a large total capacitance can be maintained in series connection to give priority to charging the circuit block, and the charging efficiency can be improved.
- the capacitor of the circuit block to which the capacitors are connected in series at that time is used.
- Capacitors of j circuit blocks are connected in parallel in the order of the largest block voltage, including returning the capacitors in parallel, and until the next switching, that is, the output voltage of the storage means is converted to DC to AC again.
- the capacitors of j circuit blocks are connected in parallel in the order of the largest block voltage in the same way as described above. The capacitor of a circuit block with a large capacitance can be maintained in series connection, giving priority to charging the circuit block, and charging efficiency can be improved.
- a plurality of capacitors in each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in parallel at the start of discharge of the power storage means (fourth process).
- k blocks in the descending order of the block voltage obtained by the block voltage obtaining means (where k is the DC / AC conversion during one discharge)
- the number of times that the input lower limit voltage of the means has been reached, and a maximum of a natural number of n) are connected in series (5th process).
- a plurality of capacitors of k circuit blocks are arranged in descending order of the block voltage obtained by the block voltage obtaining means until the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the input lower limit voltage of the DC / AC converting means again. Are connected in series (6th process).
- a plurality of capacitors in each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in parallel to start discharging the power storage means, and the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the input lower limit voltage of the DC / AC conversion means.
- the block voltage is the largest among the plurality of circuit blocks.
- capacitors of the circuit block are connected in series, that is, capacitors of a circuit block having a large total capacitance are connected in series.
- the capacitors are connected in series at that time, and the capacitors of the circuit block are returned in parallel.
- the capacitors of k circuit blocks are connected in series in the order of the largest block voltage, and until the next switching, that is, the output voltage of the power storage means is again the input lower limit of the DC / AC conversion means.
- the capacitors of k circuit blocks are connected in series in the order of the largest block voltage until the voltage is reached. Can be improved. That is, in the discharging process, a large number of capacitor series-parallel patterns for a plurality of circuit blocks can be realized, and the power and the number of the series-parallel patterns can be switched to the optimum series-parallel pattern.
- the optimal series / parallel pattern is selected and switched, including the parallel return of the circuit block to which the capacitor is connected in series.
- “at the start of charging the power storage means” means that almost no charge is stored in each capacitor in the power storage means.
- the accumulated time includes the time when the input lower limit voltage of the DC-DC converting means is reached and the charge is not accumulated in each capacitor in the power storage means.
- “when the discharge of the electricity storage means starts” is when all the capacitors in the electricity storage means are almost fully charged, but when all the capacitors in the electricity storage means are fully charged, This includes the case where charges are accumulated in each capacitor in the storage means to the extent that the input lower limit voltage of the DC-DC conversion means is exceeded when the block capacitors are connected in parallel.
- control means performs the third process and the sixth process every elapse of a predetermined interval time. It is also good. In this case, since the optimum series-parallel pattern is selected and switched every time the interval time elapses, the charge / discharge efficiency until the next switching time can be improved.
- control means switches control between charging and discharging of the power storage means based on a comparison between the input current to the power storage means and the output current from the power storage means, charging and discharging are random.
- a power storage device using a capacitor with high charging / discharging efficiency that is not easily affected by the capacitance error of the capacitor can be provided.
- a switch that switches between energization and non-energization is provided between each circuit block of the power storage means, and the control means does not switch a switch located between the circuit blocks to which the capacitors are connected in parallel. Since it is energized, the charging time can be shortened and the charging efficiency can be improved as compared with a configuration without the switch.
- control means is configured to charge the power storage means during charging and discharging, and in order to make the voltage across the terminals of the capacitors of each block uniform as much as possible, the voltage detection means between terminals uses a voltage between the terminals of the capacitors of each block.
- the seventh process of controlling the overcharge prevention means is performed to detect the voltage and forcibly discharge the capacitor exceeding the voltage value obtained by adding the allowable value to the minimum terminal voltage value for each block. The variation in the voltage between terminals can be corrected so that it is within the allowable range (within a certain range), and the destruction of the switch due to the transverse current due to the series-parallel switching can be prevented.
- control means since the control means performs the seventh process every elapse of a predetermined interval time, it monitors the variation in the voltage between terminals of each capacitor at every predetermined interval time, and the overcharge prevention means The voltage between terminals can be corrected so that it is always within the allowable range (within a certain range), and the destruction of the switch due to the transverse current due to the series-parallel switching can be prevented. In addition, the constant voltage loss can be suppressed by always correcting the voltage before the terminal voltage varies greatly.
- n circuit blocks having a plurality of capacitors (where n is a natural number of 2 or more). Number) The first process of connecting a plurality of capacitors in each circuit block of the power storage means in series at the start of charging of the power storage means having a circuit configuration connected in series, and the output voltage of the power storage means When the input upper limit voltage of the DC / AC conversion means to be applied to the load by converting the DC output voltage of the power storage means power to the AC output voltage is reached, j blocks (in this case, j The number of times that the input upper limit voltage was reached during charging, and the maximum number of n is a natural number, which is a maximum of n).
- k blocks in the descending order of the calculated block voltage (where k is the number of times the input lower limit voltage was reached during one discharge and a natural number of up to n)
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing conventional bank switching.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram for explaining a transverse current.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a conventional voltage equalizing circuit.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing simulation results of changes over time in charge and discharge for each conventional capacitor.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing simulation results of changes in charging / discharging over time for the output voltage of a conventional power storage device.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a power storage device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing configurations of a capacitor group and a series-parallel switching circuit in Example 1.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a voltage equalization circuit group.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a power storage device including a capacitor group of three circuit blocks according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a connection pattern in which only EDLCs of two circuit blocks are connected in series.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a connection pattern in which only EDLCs of one circuit block are connected in parallel.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a connection pattern in which EDLCs of all circuit blocks are connected in series.
- FIG. 13 (a) is a diagram for explaining the block voltage when EDLCs in the circuit block are connected in series. (B) is a diagram for explaining the block voltage when EDLCs in the circuit block are connected in parallel. It is.
- FIG. 14 (a) to (c) are diagrams showing examples of connection patterns when n stages of circuit blocks are connected.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart of series-parallel switching during charging.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart of series-parallel switching during discharge.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart of series-parallel switching when charging and discharging are repeated randomly.
- FIG. 18 is a characteristic diagram showing the temporal transition of the voltage across the terminals of each of the 12 capacitors in Example 1.
- FIG. 19 is a characteristic diagram showing a temporal transition of the output voltage of the power storage device of Example 1.
- FIG. 20 (a) and (b) are diagrams for explaining the difference between the case where no switch is provided between circuit blocks and the case where a switch is not provided.
- the control means when charging the power storage means, series-parallel switching means so that a plurality of capacitors in each circuit block of the power storage means are connected in series when charging of the power storage means is started.
- the output voltage of the power storage means reaches the input upper limit voltage of the DC / AC conversion means, j blocks (in this case, j once) in the descending order of the block voltage obtained by the block voltage obtaining means.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a power storage device using a capacitor (for example, an electric double layer capacitor) according to the present invention.
- the power storage device of this embodiment includes a power storage device body 10.
- the power storage device body 10 stores the DC power supplied from the direct current source 11, converts this into AC power, and supplies the AC power to the load 12.
- the DC current source 11 as an external device is constituted by, for example, a solar cell, a wind power generator, an engine generator, or the like.
- the power storage device body 10 is broadly provided with a power storage unit 10A and a power conversion unit 10B that converts direct current power stored in the power storage unit 10A into AC power.
- the power storage unit 10A has n circuit blocks (where n is a natural number of 2 or more) having a plurality of electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) (two in this example, for example) as capacitors.
- EDLCs electric double layer capacitors
- a capacitor group 13 having a circuit configuration connected in series, a voltage equalizing circuit group (also called a parallel monitor circuit) 14 connected thereto, and two capacitors in each circuit block of the capacitor group 13 are connected in parallel.
- a series-parallel switching circuit 15 that switches them to a state in which they are connected in series, a voltage detection circuit 16 between capacitor terminals that detects a voltage between terminals of each EDLC of the capacitor group 13, and an output voltage of the capacitor group 13 are detected.
- Series-parallel switching circuit according to voltage value 15 And a control circuit 17 for controlling.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the capacitor group 13 and the series-parallel switching circuit 15.
- Fig. 7 (a) shows the state where EDLCs of all circuit blocks are connected in parallel.
- Figure 7 (b) shows the EDLC of the first stage circuit block connected in series and the EDLCs of the other circuit blocks connected in parallel.
- Figure 7 (c) shows the EDLCs of the first and second stage circuit blocks connected in series, and the EDLCs of the other circuit blocks connected in parallel.
- Figure 7 (d) shows the state in which the EDLCs of all circuit blocks are connected in series.
- the capacitor group 13 includes, for example, n circuit blocks having two EDLCs having a capacitance of 3000 [F] and a withstand voltage of 2.3 [V] (where n is 2). (Natural number above)
- the circuit configuration is connected in series.
- the capacitor group 13 corresponds to the power storage means in the present invention.
- the series-parallel switching circuit 15 includes a switch 24 that switches between a state in which two capacitors for each circuit block of the capacitor group 13 are connected in parallel and a state in which they are connected in series. Yes.
- the series / parallel switching circuit 15 corresponds to the series / parallel switching means in the present invention.
- the capacitor terminal voltage detection circuit 16 detects a voltage between terminals of each EDLC of the capacitor group 13 shown in FIG.
- the capacitor terminal voltage detection circuit 16 corresponds to the terminal voltage detection means in the present invention.
- the control circuit 17 uses the voltage of the circuit block of the capacitor group 13 based on the voltage between terminals of each EDLC of the capacitor group 13 detected by the voltage detection circuit 16 between capacitor terminals.
- a block voltage obtaining unit 19 for obtaining a certain block voltage for each circuit block is provided.
- the block voltage obtaining unit 19 corresponds to the block voltage obtaining means in the present invention.
- the control circuit 17 connects the two EDLCs in each circuit block of the capacitor group 13 in series at the start of charging of the capacitor group 13.
- the j voltage (however, j is the number of times the input maximum voltage has been reached for one charge.
- the second process of controlling the series-parallel switching circuit 15 to connect two EDLCs in a circuit block of a maximum number (n is a natural number up to n) in parallel, and the output voltage of the capacitor group 13 is again a DC-AC inverter.
- a series-parallel switching circuit is used so that two EDLCs of j circuit blocks are connected in parallel in descending order of the block voltage obtained by the block voltage obtaining unit 19 until the input upper limit voltage of 18 is reached. And a third process for controlling the process.
- the time when charging of the capacitor group 13 is started is a time when almost all charges are accumulated in each EDLC in the capacitor group 13, but no charges are accumulated in each EDLC in the capacitor group 13. This includes the time when the input lower limit voltage of the DC-AC inverter 18 is reached and the electric charge is not accumulated in each EDLC in the capacitor group 13 to a certain extent.
- the control circuit 17 is configured to connect the two EDLCs of each circuit block of the capacitor group 13 in parallel when the capacitor group 13 starts discharging.
- k blocks (however, k Is the number of times the input lower limit voltage was reached during a single discharge, and is the fifth step of controlling the series-parallel switching circuit 15 so that two EDLCs of a circuit block of a maximum of n) are connected in series.
- the start of discharging of the capacitor group 13 is when all the EDLCs in the capacitor group 13 are almost fully charged. However, when all the EDLCs in the capacitor group 13 are fully charged or all circuit blocks are discharged. This includes the case where charge is accumulated in each EDLC in the capacitor group 13 to the extent that it exceeds the input lower limit voltage of the DC-AC inverter 18 when the EDLC of the DC is connected in parallel.
- the control circuit 17 is configured to perform the third process and the sixth process described above every elapse of a predetermined interval time (for example, 5 seconds).
- the interval time may be a predetermined time other than 5 seconds.
- this interval time considers the capacity of the capacitor (EDLC). It is preferable to set the predetermined time.
- control circuit 17 sets the voltage of each circuit block detected by the capacitor terminal voltage detection circuit 16 during charging and discharging of the capacitor group 13 in order to make the voltage between the capacitor terminals of each circuit block uniform.
- the minimum terminal voltage of the EDLC terminal voltage is used as a reference, and the voltage between other EDLC terminals in the circuit block is the minimum terminal voltage value plus the allowable value.
- the seventh process of controlling the voltage equalizing circuit group 14 is performed so that the ED LC exceeding the value is forcibly discharged.
- the control circuit 17 is configured to perform the aforementioned seventh process every elapse of a predetermined interval time (for example, 5 seconds).
- the interval time may be a predetermined time other than 5 seconds.
- the interval time is preferably set to a predetermined time in consideration of the capacitance of the capacitor (EDLC).
- the control circuit 17 corresponds to the control means in the present invention.
- a switch 23 for switching between energization and non-energization is provided between each circuit block of the capacitor group 13.
- the control circuit 17 deenergizes the switch 23 located between the circuit blocks to which the EDLC is connected in parallel.
- the voltage equalization circuit group (parallel monitor circuit) 14 is connected in parallel to each electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) Cl, C2,... Constituting the capacitor group 13 as shown in FIG.
- the voltage equalizing circuit 14A includes a resistor 20 and a field effect transistor (FET) 21 connected in series, a discharge path that bypasses both terminals of the capacitor C1, and a discharge control circuit that controls opening and closing of the discharge path. It consists of 22 and.
- the discharge control circuit 22 monitors the terminal voltage of the capacitor C1, and when this terminal voltage exceeds the specified voltage (withstand voltage of the electric double layer capacitor), it gives a control signal to the FET 21 to make it conductive. Then, the discharge path is closed and the capacitor C1 is forcibly discharged.
- Each of the voltage equalizing circuits 14A, 14B,... Prevents the corresponding electric double layer capacitors Cl, C2,.
- Each of the voltage equalizing circuits 14A, 14B,... Corresponds to the overcharge preventing means in the present invention.
- control circuit 17 may serve as the discharge control circuit 22. Ie When the terminal voltage of the capacitor CI detected by the capacitor terminal voltage detection circuit 16 exceeds the specified voltage (withstand voltage of the electric double layer capacitor), the control circuit 17 applies a control signal to the FET 21 to make it conductive. Also, the capacitor C1 can be forcibly discharged with the discharge path closed.
- the functions of the voltage equalizing circuits 14 ⁇ , 14 ⁇ , ... during the charging operation will be described. According to the standard, even if the EDLC has the same capacity, the charging time varies depending on the EDLC because the capacity actually varies. Therefore, even if one EDLC is fully charged, other EDLCs may not be fully charged. Therefore, as described above, by providing a voltage equalization circuit for all EDLCs, it is possible to fully charge all EDLCs without ending charging for all EDLCs when one EDLC reaches full charge. it can.
- the power conversion unit 10B includes a direct current—alternating current (DC—AC) inverter 18.
- the DC—AC inverter 18 converts the DC input voltage into an AC output voltage and applies it to the load 12.
- the DC—AC inverter 18 corresponds to the DC / AC conversion means in the present invention.
- FIG. 9 (a) an example of a power storage device including a capacitor group 13 having three circuit block (abbreviated as three blocks for short) forces as shown in FIG. 9 (a) will be described.
- a description will be given by taking as an example a configuration in which each of the switches 24 of the capacitor group 13 and the series-parallel switching circuit 15 has a three-circuit blocking force.
- FIG. 9 (a) is expressed as shown in FIG. 9 (b).
- the total number of EDLC connection patterns is 2n , and the number of patterns increases as the number of circuit blocks increases.
- the number of choices increases, and by selecting the optimal connection pattern from a large number of connection patterns, the EDLC in the block where EDLC has shifted to parallel connection is again connected in series. It is possible to switch EDLCs in other circuit blocks to parallel connection, and to minimize variations in the voltage across all capacitors (EDLC).
- FIG. 14 shows an example of a connection pattern when n stages of circuit blocks are connected.
- Figure 14 (a) shows all EDLCs connected in series
- Figure 14 (b) shows only one circuit block EDLC connected in parallel
- Figure 14 (c) shows only two circuit blocks EDLC connected in parallel. This is an example.
- the block voltage immediately after the transition of the block in which the EDLC has shifted to the serial connection force parallel connection at the time of charging is extremely lower than that at the time of the serial connection.
- the block voltage immediately after the transition of the block in which the EDLC has transitioned from the parallel connection to the series connection at the time of discharging may be extremely higher than that at the time of the parallel connection, and the output voltage fluctuation range of the power storage device Sometimes it grew.
- the terminal voltage of each capacitor is monitored by the capacitor terminal voltage detection circuit 16 at regular intervals, and among the various connection patterns, the peak voltage is the highest during charging.
- the high circuit block is shifted to parallel connection, and the circuit block with the highest block voltage is shifted to serial connection during discharge.
- connection pattern (series-parallel pattern) is selected and switched.
- circuit block force with the largest block voltage is connected in series at the time of discharge, and at the next switching, including the EDLC of the block to which the EDLC is connected in series at that time is returned in parallel,
- the optimum connection pattern is selected and switched.
- the voltage across all capacitors is measured at a certain interval (for example, 5 seconds) according to a command from the control circuit 17, and the optimal series-parallel operation is performed. Switching takes place. Keep measuring the voltage across all capacitors at all times without any interval.
- the charge control is started from a pattern in which all the EDLCs are connected in series.
- the output voltage of the power storage device approaches the upper limit of the input voltage range of the DC-AC inverter 18 (for example, 15 [v]), that is, when it reaches 14.9 [v]
- the block voltage is the highest. Since the EDLC of one large circuit block is connected in parallel and continues to be charged, the voltage across all capacitors (EDLC) is measured every certain interval (for example, 5 seconds), and each circuit block is evenly distributed.
- One optimal circuit block to which the ED LCs are connected in parallel is selected and the series-parallel switching is performed so that the electric charge is accumulated in the block and the variation in the block voltage is minimized.
- connection pattern force discharge is started in which all EDLCs are connected in parallel.
- the output voltage of the power storage device approaches the lower limit of the input voltage range of the DC-AC inverter 18 (eg, 10.5 [v]), that is, reaches 10.6 [v]
- the block voltage EDLC of one circuit block with the largest is connected in series and discharging continues.
- FIG. 15 shows the flow of series / parallel switching at the time of charging
- FIG. 16 shows the flow of series / parallel switching at the time of discharging.
- step S1 charging is started with the EDLCs of all the blocks of the capacitor group 13 being connected in series.
- the number of parallel blocks j which is the number of circuit blocks in which EDLC is connected in parallel, is “0”.
- step S 1 corresponds to the first process in the present invention.
- step S2 the output voltage V of the power storage device is measured.
- step S3 the output voltage V of the power storage device is measured.
- step S3A the process waits for an interval (for example, 5 seconds) to return to step S2.
- step S4 "1" is added to the number of parallel blocks j.
- step S5 each capacitor
- step S6 Measure the voltage between the terminals of (EDLC) to find the block voltage.
- step S6 EDLCs of j circuit blocks are switched to parallel connection in descending order of block voltage.
- step S7 the output voltage V of the power storage device is measured.
- step S8 the output voltage V of the power storage device
- step S10 the process waits for an interval (for example, 5 seconds) to return to step S5. If it reaches! /, The process proceeds to step S9.
- an interval for example, 5 seconds
- step S9 it is determined whether the number of parallel blocks j has reached the total number n of circuit blocks. If it has reached, the process proceeds to step S11, and if not, the process returns to step S4. Steps S3 to S9 correspond to the second process in the present invention, and steps S5 to S8 and S10 correspond to the third process in the present invention.
- step S11 supplying current to the capacitor group 13, that is, charging to the capacitor group 13 is stopped, and the main charging process is terminated.
- step S21 the discharge is started in a state where the EDLCs of all the blocks of the capacitor group 13 are connected in parallel.
- the number of serial blocks k which is the number of circuit blocks in which EDL C is connected in series! /, Is “0”.
- Step S21 corresponds to the fourth step in the present invention.
- step S22 the output voltage V of the power storage device is measured.
- step S23 the output voltage V of the power storage device is DC—AC input.
- step S23A waits for the elapse of an interval (for example, 5 seconds) in step S23A, returns to step S22, and if reached, proceeds to step S24.
- an interval for example, 5 seconds
- Step S24 “1” is added to the number of serial blocks k.
- step S25 the voltage between terminals of each capacitor (EDLC) is measured to obtain the block voltage.
- step S26 EDLCs of k circuit blocks are switched to series connection in descending order of block voltage.
- step S27 the output voltage V of the power storage device is measured.
- step S28 the power storage device is
- step S30 the process waits for an interval (for example, 5 seconds) to return to step S25. If it has reached, the process proceeds to step S29.
- an interval for example, 5 seconds
- step S29 it is determined whether or not the number k of serial blocks has reached the total number n of circuit blocks. If it has reached, the process proceeds to step S31, and if not, the process returns to step S24. Steps S23 to S29 correspond to the fifth process in the present invention, and steps S25 to S28 and S30 correspond to the sixth process in the present invention.
- step S31 the output from the capacitor group 13, that is, the discharge of the capacitor group 13 is stopped, and the main discharge process is terminated.
- step S41 charging is started in a state where the EDLCs of all the blocks of the capacitor group 13 are connected in series. That is, the number of parallel blocks j, which is the number of circuit blocks in which the output (discharge) of the power storage device is stopped and the EDLC is connected in parallel, is “0”.
- Step S41 corresponds to the first process in the present invention.
- step S42 the output voltage V of the power storage device is measured.
- step S43 the output voltage V of the power storage device is DC—
- step S44 the process proceeds to step S44. After the interval (for example, 5 seconds) elapses in step S44, the process returns to step S42.
- step S45 output (discharge) of the power storage device is started.
- step S46 “1” is added to the number j of parallel blocks.
- step S47 the voltage between terminals of each capacitor (EDLC) is measured to obtain the block voltage.
- step S48 the EDLCs of j circuit blocks are switched to parallel connection in descending order of block voltage.
- step S49 the input current I 1S from the DC current source 11 to the power storage device is also output from the DC—AC inverter 18.
- step S50 the output voltage V of the power storage device is measured.
- the output voltage V of the power storage device is set to the DC—AC inverter 18 input upper limit voltage V.
- step S53 Detect whether t tmax has been reached, and if not, proceed to step S53. In step S53, wait for an interval (for example, 5 seconds) to return to step S47. move on.
- an interval for example, 5 seconds
- step S52 it is determined whether or not the number of parallel blocks j has reached the total number n of circuit blocks. If it has reached, the process proceeds to step S54, and if not, the process returns to step S46.
- step S54 supplying current to the capacitor group 13, that is, charging to the capacitor group 13 is stopped (input stop). Steps S43 to S48 and S50 to S52 correspond to the second process in the present invention, and steps S47, S48, S50, S51 and S53 correspond to the third process in the present invention. Step S54 corresponds to the fourth process in the present invention.
- step S55 the output voltage V of the power storage device is measured.
- step S56 the output voltage V of the power storage device is measured.
- step S57 the process proceeds to step S57, waits for the elapse of an interval (for example, 5 seconds) in step S57, and returns to step S55.
- an interval for example, 5 seconds
- step S58 if charging to capacitor group 13 is stopped (input to the power storage device is stopped), charging to capacitor group 13 is resumed (input to the power storage device is resumed).
- step S59 the voltage between terminals of each capacitor (EDLC) is measured to obtain the block voltage.
- step S60 the EDLCs of the (n + 1-j) circuit blocks are switched in series in order of the block voltage!
- step S61 input current I power from DC current source 11 to the power storage device I force
- step S63 the output voltage V of the power storage device is measured.
- step S62 “1” is subtracted from the number of parallel blocks j.
- step S64 the output voltage V of the power storage device is DC—AC inverter 18 input lower limit.
- step S65 “1” is subtracted from the number of parallel blocks j. Then, go to step S66.
- step S66 it is determined whether or not the number of parallel blocks j is “0”. If it is “0”, the process proceeds to step S68, and if it is not “0”, the process returns to step S59. Steps S56, S59
- S60, S63 to S66 are steps S59, S60, S63, S64,
- S67 corresponds to the sixth step in the present invention.
- step S68 discharging of the capacitor group 13 is stopped (output of the power storage device is stopped), and the process returns to step S42.
- the control circuit 17 monitors the variation in the voltage between the terminals of each EDLC every constant interval (for example, 5 seconds) and controls the voltage equalization circuit group (parallel monitor circuit) 14. Therefore, the voltage between terminals of each EDLC is always corrected to be within a certain range. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the switch 24 from being broken by the cross current caused by the series-parallel switching. In addition, it is possible to suppress the pressure equalization loss by always correcting before the voltage between terminals varies greatly.
- This constant correction is performed for each circuit block in an operation for suppressing variations in the voltage between the terminals of the capacitors of each circuit block. That is, the EDLC terminal voltage V, which has the lowest terminal voltage among the EDLCs of each circuit block, is used as a reference, and the circuit block
- the EDLC is forcibly discharged.
- one circuit block consists of two capacitors (EDLC)
- the voltage across the terminals is high, the voltage across the terminals of the other capacitor is low, and the voltage across the terminals is low!
- the allowable value X is exceeded, the capacitor with high terminal voltage is forcibly discharged, and the voltage between the terminals of the two capacitors is made uniform.
- each capacitor (EDLC) displayed in Fig. 7 or the like has a plurality of capacitors connected in series and parallel, it is compulsorily released under the condition shown in the following equation (1).
- N is the total number of capacitors in the circuit block and i is the capacitor in the block No.
- V is the voltage across the EDLC of capacitor number i
- X is the allowable value.
- V min (V, V, ..., V)
- FIG. 18 shows the simulation results of the time change of charging and discharging.
- Figure 4 shows the simulation results of the time-dependent change in charge and discharge for each conventional capacitor under the same conditions as in the example device.
- Figure 4 shows the simulation of the time-dependent change in charge and discharge for the output voltage of the conventional power storage device. The results are shown in FIG.
- the input voltage range of the inverter was set to 10.5 to 15 [V].
- the terminal voltage measurement of all capacitors in this method and the selection and switching of blocks in which EDLCs are connected in series and parallel so that the charge of each block is charged and discharged equally are every interval (for example, 5 seconds). It was supposed to be done.
- Figs. 4 and 5 show the temporal transition of the voltage between the terminals of each of the 12 capacitors and the temporal transition of the output voltage of the power storage device in the conventional method, respectively.
- Figures 18 and 19 show the time transition of the voltage between the terminals of each of the 12 capacitors and the time transition of the output voltage of the power storage device when this method is used.
- the charging time is 16% or more shorter than in the conventional method (the charging time is 5015 seconds in the conventional method, and the charging time is 4210 seconds in this method).
- the direct current source 11 is a solar cell
- the area of the solar cell can be reduced by 16% or more, which has a great effect on the cost reduction of the entire photovoltaic power generation / storage system.
- the voltage between the terminals of each of the twelve capacitors varies, and the charge of the capacitor that has reached the withstand voltage is wasted by the resistance of the voltage equalizing circuit. I understand that. That is, it can be seen that the pressure equalization loss is large.
- the depth of discharge is one of the indexes representing the utilization efficiency of the stored energy stored in the EDLC, and is defined by the following equation (2).
- U is the maximum amount of stored energy
- U is the maximum amount of stored energy
- Max rem This is the amount of remaining stored energy.
- Discharge depth [%] (1—U / U) X 100 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (2)
- Equation (2) and Equation (3) Force Equation (4) is obtained.
- V is the maximum stored energy
- V The corresponding EDLC terminal voltage (withstand voltage), V is the E
- Discharge depth [%] (1— VV ⁇ ) X 100
- a switch 23 is provided between the blocks of each circuit block connected in series in the capacitor group 13, and the control circuit 17 includes E 23
- the switch 23 located between the circuit blocks to which the DLC is connected in parallel is de-energized, and the switch 23 is provided, which is superior to the following points in comparison with the case!
- Figure 20 (a) shows the system without the circuit in Fig. 1, that is, the circuit block switch
- Figure 20 (b) shows this system.
- the first stage block is connected in series.
- the capacitors in the second stage block are C and C
- the capacitors in the third block are C and C
- the switch between circuit blocks is used.
- the combined capacity C of the wavy line shown in Fig. 17 (a) in the no-chest method is given by equation (5).
- each circuit block of the capacitor group 13 includes two capacitors (E
- EDLC is employed as a capacitor in each circuit block of the capacitor group 13, but other types of capacitors may be used.
- the present invention does not depend on the capacitance error of each capacitor!
- a power storage device can be constructed, and a cheaper system with high charge / discharge efficiency can be constructed. This is also useful when the scale of power handled is large.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
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PCT/JP2005/019208 WO2007046138A1 (ja) | 2005-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | キャパシタを用いた蓄電装置とその制御方法 |
DK05795874.6T DK1947752T3 (da) | 2005-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | Ladningslagerindretning med brug af kondensatorer og dens styringsfremgangsmåde |
US12/089,603 US7898223B2 (en) | 2005-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | Electric power storage system using capacitors and control method thereof including serial-parallel switching means for each circuit block of batteries based on descending order of block voltages |
CN2005800518965A CN101297458B (zh) | 2005-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | 使用电容器的蓄电装置及其控制方法 |
EP05795874A EP1947752B1 (en) | 2005-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | Charge storing device using capacitors and its control method |
KR1020087011232A KR100991317B1 (ko) | 2005-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | 캐패시터를 이용한 축전장치와 그 제어방법 |
JP2007540858A JP4368924B2 (ja) | 2005-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | キャパシタを用いた蓄電装置とその制御方法 |
ES05795874T ES2394629T3 (es) | 2005-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | Dispositivo de almacenamiento de carga que usa condensadores y su método de control |
MYPI20064139A MY146871A (en) | 2005-10-19 | 2006-09-12 | Electric power storage system using capacitors and control method thereof |
TW095138150A TWI395389B (zh) | 2005-10-19 | 2006-10-17 | 使用電容器的蓄電裝置及其控制方法 |
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PCT/JP2005/019208 WO2007046138A1 (ja) | 2005-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | キャパシタを用いた蓄電装置とその制御方法 |
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US (1) | US7898223B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1947752B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4368924B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100991317B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101297458B (ja) |
DK (1) | DK1947752T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2394629T3 (ja) |
MY (1) | MY146871A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI395389B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007046138A1 (ja) |
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- 2005-10-19 KR KR1020087011232A patent/KR100991317B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-10-19 WO PCT/JP2005/019208 patent/WO2007046138A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-10-19 US US12/089,603 patent/US7898223B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-19 EP EP05795874A patent/EP1947752B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-10-19 ES ES05795874T patent/ES2394629T3/es active Active
- 2005-10-19 DK DK05795874.6T patent/DK1947752T3/da active
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- 2006-10-17 TW TW095138150A patent/TWI395389B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102007060329A1 (de) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-07-02 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Kondensatorenblock aus miteinander verschaltbaren Kondensatoren und Verfahren zum Be- und Entladen desselben |
WO2009077040A3 (de) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-08-20 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Kondensatorenblock aus miteinander verschaltbaren kondensatoren und verfahren zum be- und entladen desselben |
WO2009077040A2 (de) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-25 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Kondensatorenblock aus miteinander verschaltbaren kondensatoren und verfahren zum be- und entladen desselben |
WO2009127377A1 (de) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Verfahren zum laden und entladen eines kondensatorenblocks sowie ladestation zum laden und verbraucher zum entladen desselben |
JP2011030397A (ja) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-10 | Shinmaywa Industries Ltd | 蓄電装置を用いた電動システム |
US9112360B2 (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2015-08-18 | Makita Corporation | Power supply device |
WO2011052294A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | 株式会社マキタ | 電力供給装置 |
JP2011097766A (ja) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-12 | Makita Corp | 電力供給装置 |
WO2011132302A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-10-27 | 株式会社ジェイピーパワーモジュール | 蓄電装置の充電制御方法および放電制御方法 |
WO2012014281A1 (ja) | 2010-07-27 | 2012-02-02 | Takeda Harumi | 蓄電装置の充電制御方法および放電制御方法 |
CN103190056A (zh) * | 2010-07-27 | 2013-07-03 | 竹田佳史 | 蓄电装置的充电控制方法以及放电控制方法 |
KR101452778B1 (ko) | 2010-07-27 | 2014-10-22 | 요시후미 다케다 | 축전장치의 충전제어방법 및 방전제어방법 |
JP4977804B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-27 | 2012-07-18 | 佳史 竹田 | 蓄電装置の充電制御方法および放電制御方法 |
US9312703B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 | 2016-04-12 | Yoshifumi Takeda | Charge control method and discharge control method for electric storage apparatus |
JP2014524722A (ja) * | 2011-08-11 | 2014-09-22 | シズベル テクノロジー エス.アール.エル. | モジュール式直流電気エネルギー源によって生成された電気エネルギーを、貯蔵および供給するために生成および使用するシステム、および、システムの管理方法 |
WO2015189907A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-10 | 2015-12-17 | 株式会社Kagra | 蓄電素子の充電方法および蓄電装置 |
KR20160124233A (ko) | 2014-06-10 | 2016-10-26 | 가부시키가이샤 카그라 | 축전 소자의 충전 방법 및 축전 장치 |
JP6032516B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-11-30 | 株式会社Kagra | 蓄電素子の充電方法および蓄電装置 |
US10833523B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 | 2020-11-10 | Kagra Inc. | Electricity storage element charging method and electricity storage device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1947752B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
JP4368924B2 (ja) | 2009-11-18 |
US7898223B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 |
EP1947752A4 (en) | 2009-12-16 |
KR100991317B1 (ko) | 2010-11-01 |
EP1947752A1 (en) | 2008-07-23 |
TWI395389B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
TW200733514A (en) | 2007-09-01 |
ES2394629T3 (es) | 2013-02-04 |
MY146871A (en) | 2012-10-15 |
DK1947752T3 (da) | 2012-10-29 |
KR20080067342A (ko) | 2008-07-18 |
US20090134851A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
JPWO2007046138A1 (ja) | 2009-04-23 |
CN101297458B (zh) | 2012-05-16 |
CN101297458A (zh) | 2008-10-29 |
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