Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
  • A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/04—Antipruritics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/16—Emollients or protectives, e.g. against radiation
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/18—Antioxidants, e.g. antiradicals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
  • C07C59/42—Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
  • C07C59/42—Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
  • C07C59/56—Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups containing halogen

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives, as well as their dermocosmetological use.
• saturated hydroxy-fatty acids are known and described in the literature for their biological properties and more particularly for their cosmetic and pharmacological properties.
• the major lipid component of bee royal jelly is unsaturated hydroxy-fatty acid, namely 10-hydroxy-10-decene (trans) oic acid (Edward E. Smissman et al., 1964. JOU. 3517-3520).
• the present invention relates to unsaturated hydroxy-fatty acid derivatives corresponding to the general formula (I):
• R n represents independently of each other H or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being optionally substituted by a halogen atom, in particular fluorine, Ri represents H, F, Cl, Br, CF 3 ,
• R represents H or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being optionally substituted by a halogen atom, in particular fluorine, and . 3 ⁇ n ⁇ 14.
• the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I) satisfy the following criteria: R is H,
• R n represents independently of each other H or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being optionally substituted by a halogen atom, in particular fluorine,
• R 1 represents H, F, Cl, Br, CF 3 , 3 ⁇ n ⁇ 14. provided, however, that when n ⁇ 10, at least one of the radicals R 1 and R n does not represent hydrogen
• the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I) satisfy the following criteria:
• R 1 represents F, Cl, Br, CF 3 ;
• R n represent independently of each other H or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being optionally substituted by a halogen atom, in particular fluorine
• R represents H or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being optionally substituted by a halogen atom, in particular fluorine
• R represents H or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being optionally substituted by a halogen atom, in particular fluorine
• the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I) satisfy the following criteria:
• R n represents independently of each other H or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being optionally substituted by a halogen atom, in particular fluorine, .
• Ri represents H, F, Cl, Br, CF 3 ,
• R represents H or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being optionally substituted by a halogen atom, in particular fluorine, and 6 ⁇ n ⁇ 14, with the proviso that, when n ⁇ 10, at least one of the radicals R 1 and R n does not represent hydrogen.
• the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I) satisfy the following criteria:
• R 1 F, Cl, Br or CF 3 ,
• R n H, and. 3 ⁇ n ⁇ 14.
• the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I) satisfy the following criteria: Ri represents F, Cl, Br or CF 3 ,
• radicals R n representing a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and being optionally substituted by a halogen atom, in particular fluorine, and
• radicals R n represents a methyl group, the others being hydrogen atoms, and,
• the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I) previously defined can be used as active principle in combination with a suitable excipient to produce dermocosmetological compositions with anti-radical, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity.
• a suitable excipient to produce dermocosmetological compositions with anti-radical, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activity.
• the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I) are more particularly intended for compositions intended for the treatment of psoriasis, pruritus and / or atopic dermatitis, as well as for the treatment of cutaneous aging and skin stains. old age white or brown.
• the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I) are more particularly intended for compositions intended to cause a lightening of the skin.
• unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I) are also useful for preventing or limiting cutaneous photocarcinogenesis at early stages and therefore can be used in the prevention and treatment of various tumoral diseases of the skin.
• the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I) may be prepared:
• Ri is as defined with respect to formula (I);
• R 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is preferably an ethyl or methyl group, said groups R 2 being able to form a ring with the oxygen atoms of the groups OR 2 and the atom of adjacent phosphorus
• R 4 represents a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is preferably an ethyl group.
• R n and n being as defined above,
• the lactone obtained is a compound of formula:
• the hydroxy acid derivative obtained is a compound of formula:
• step 3 from the lactol (0.89 g, 7.7 mmol), the Wittig-Horner reaction is conducted in the presence of methyl diethylphosphonofluoroacetate (2.1 g, 9.2 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.6 g, 11.5 mmol) in ethanol (9 ml) at 40 ° C.
• Step 4 is carried out according to the previous protocol.
• the product obtained after recrystallization is in the form of a cis / trans mixture.
• the hydroxy acid derivative obtained is a compound of formula:
• the DHA synthesis protocol is applied to cycloheptanone to yield 9-hydroxy-nona-2f-enoic acid.
• Example 5 Procedure for Synthesis of 12-Hydroxy-dodeca-2f-enoic The synthesis protocol of DHA is applied to cyclodecanone to yield 12-hydroxy-dodeca-2f-enoic acid.
• the synthesis protocol of DHA is applied to oxacyclododecan-2-one to yield 13-hydroxy-tridec-2f-enoic acid.
• the synthesis protocol of DHA is applied to cyclopentadecanolide to yield 17-hydroxy-heptadec-2f-enoic acid.
• the DHA synthesis protocol is applied to hexacyclodecanolide to yield 18-hydroxy-octadec-2f-enoic acid. Characterization :
• the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives according to the invention have been the subject of a certain number of experiments which have demonstrated their interest as an active ingredient in dermatological and / or cosmetic compositions.
• EAO active oxygen species
• EAOs are considered as "second messengers" in cellular signaling of oxidative stress and thus as early mediators of inflammation (A. Van Der Vliet and A. Bast, 1992).
• oxidative stress Some cellular constituents are then the main targets of such oxidative stress: the lipid components of the plasma membrane (lipoperoxidation), the proteins (denaturation and degradation) and the genetic material or DNA (mutations) can be altered.
• the cells are capable to limit this oxidative damage through various antiradical defense systems (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) (BP Yu, 1994, H. Steiling et al., 1999).
• EAOs are produced in such quantity that cellular antioxidant activity is insufficient; these EAOs then become factors inducing inflammatory pathologies and tissue aging (Y. Miyachi et al, 1986, M. Kress et al, 1995).
• H2O2 chemical agents
• UVA physical agents
• H2O2 chemical agents
• UVA physical agents
• the produced EAO will alter various cellular targets (Membranes, DNA or Proteins) whose alteration can be analyzed by widely used biochemical methodologies such as the TBARS assay for lipid lipoperoxidation, or the in vitro assay of intracellular EAOs. using the H 2 DCF-DA probe.
• DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
• FCS Fetal calf serum
• the concentrations tested are non-cytotoxic concentrations. Cytotoxicity was performed by the neutral red method after incubation of the product for 3 hours.
• the reference anti-radical product is vitamin E or ⁇ -tocopherol (MW: 430.7) (SIGMA, ref: T-1539)
• the mother solution is prepared at 400 mg / ml in DMSO and stored at -20 ° C.
• the pretreatment solution is prepared extemporaneously at 400 ⁇ g / ml in culture medium without FCS.
• the dilutions are prepared in culture medium extemporaneously for a concentration range of 0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 ng / ml.
• the cells of the L929 fibroblast line are seeded in flat-bottomed 96-well microplates in 100 ⁇ l of DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS, and are then incubated overnight at 37 ° C. in a humid atmosphere at 5% CO 2 .
• the cell-free plate blank is evaluated on 6 wells. Pre-treatment of cells:
• the dilutions of the products to be tested and the reference molecule are carried out in the culture medium without FCS and then deposited in 7 wells at the rate of 100 ⁇ l per well.
• the cells are then incubated for 3 hours at 37 ° C. in a humid atmosphere at 5% CO 2.
• Control naturally fluorescence of the cells
• Control basic production of EAO
• simulated production of EAO after oxidative treatment
• Control cells are incubated with the probe but are neither pre-treated nor treated.
• Stimulated cells are incubated with the probe and treated but not pretreated.
• Control cells are neither pre-treated, nor incubated with the probe, nor processed.
• the cells are rinsed with 1X PBS at a rate of 100 ⁇ l per well. They are then incubated for 30 minutes at 37 ° C. in a humid atmosphere at 5% CO 2 with 50 ⁇ l of 5 ⁇ M H 2 DCF-DA probe.
• the cells are incubated for 30 minutes at 37 ° C. in a humid atmosphere at 5% CO 2 with the addition of 25 ⁇ l of H 2 O 2 at 800 ⁇ M and 25 ⁇ l of iron solution.
• the cells are then rinsed with 1 ⁇ PBS at a rate of 100 ⁇ l per well and then incubated for 30 minutes at 37 ° C. in a humid atmosphere at 5% CO 2 with 100 ⁇ l of 1 ⁇ PBS.
• the short-chain (C9 and C10) and non-fluorinated unsaturated fatty acid derivatives appear to be more particularly active in the anti-radical cell protection. Study of the anti-radical effect. Analysis of lipid peroxidation
• RLO Oxygen Free Radicals
• RLOs are considered as "second messengers" in cellular signaling of oxidative stress and thus as early mediators of inflammation (A. Van Der Vliet and A. Bast, 1992).
• the plasma membrane is the main and the first target of
• TBARS for Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
• the products were evaluated on the murine fibroblast line L929.
• the cells are pretreated with the different product concentrations for 16 hours and are then stimulated with the H 2 O 2 -Fe 2 VFe 3+ complex (200 ⁇ M-1 mM) for 1 hour.
• TBAR complexes for Thio Barbituric Acid Reactive Substance are formed between the lipid oxidation products (malondialdehyde or MDA) and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) which can be assayed in fluorescence by compared to a standard range with MDA.
• MDA lipid oxidation products
• TAA thiobarbituric acid
• the TBARS assay is then expressed in pmol / ⁇ g of proteins. Proteins and TBARS are assayed in the intracellular medium.
• Vitamin E at 400 ⁇ g / ml decreases the lipid peroxidation induced by the complex H 2 ⁇ 2 -Fe 2+ / Fe 3+ , and very effectively protects cell membranes.
• the in vitro model presented in this study reflects the consequences due to a major oxidative stress on the main cellular target that is the plasma membrane.
• the lipid peroxidation assay is a good marker of oxidative stress and allows the evaluation of the antioxidant action, with respect to the hydroxyl radical, of active principles at the level of the cell membrane.
• Vitamin E an antioxidant molecule, allows the validation of this model and effectively protects cell membranes from oxidative stress.
• the epidermis participates in the main function of the skin, which is to resist the environment and protect itself from it. It is a squamous cornified stratified epithelium in perpetual renewal. Tissue homeostasis and regeneration rely on keratinocyte cells, support cells, soluble factors, cell proximity favoring cell interactions with each other and with extracellular matrices.
• composition and the nature of the lipids vary according to the state of differentiation in which the keratinocytes are found.
• the differentiation program of keratinocytes is mainly focused on the evolution of structural proteins that are keratin and that contribute to the architectural integrity of the epidermis. Their expression varies according to the degree of maturation of the epidermal cells. In the suprabasal layers, basic keratin 1 and acid keratin appear, called terminal differentiating keratins.
• the keratins interact with histidine-rich proteins to form a relatively homogeneous mixture that fills the corneocytes.
• These proteins are derived from a precursor, profilaggrin, which is a large molecule ([PM]> 450 kDa) stored at the level of the granular layer. It is a protein whose N and C terminal domains bind calcium and whose dephosphorylation and partial proteolysis give filaggrin. This catalyzes the formation of disulfide bridges between the keratin filaments and contributes to their integration within the intracornéocyte matrix.
• corneocytes contain essentially keratin filaments inserted in a dense matrix, all surrounded by a thick and resistant protein wall: the horny envelope.
• the precursor proteins of this structure affixed to the inner surface of the plasma membrane, are synthesized by the keratinocytes from the spinous layer, but their bypass - by the action of enzymes, transglutaminases - is carried out between the layers. thorny and granular.
• cytosolic proteins associated with the membrane fraction of keratinocytes or stored in keratohyalin grains, participate in the development of the horny envelope. We can thus distinguish the involucrine (68 kDa), rich in glutamine and lysine.
• the impermeability of the stratum corneum is due, for the most part, to a hydrophobic lipid intercellular cement which unites the corneocytes.
• the lipid content of the epidermis is the final result of keratinocyte and sebaceous lipogenesis. In the normal epidermis, a mixture of neutral and polar lipids predominates in the deep layers to be progressively replaced by a more apolar content, including ceramides.
• the DES2 protein (Sphingolipid C4-hydroxylase / delta-4 desaturase) has been demonstrated: it has a dihydroceramide hydroxylase activity which is involved in the synthesis of phytoceramides and its expression is induced with differentiation (MIZUTANI Y. and Al , 2004).
• the lipids synthesized by the keratinocytes are delivered to the surface by the lamellar bodies, the keratinosomes. They are secreted in the intercellular spaces and organized into continuous sheets aligned parallel to the cell membranes of corneocytes.
• ABC Ading Cassette transporter
• FATP Fatty Acid Transport Protein
• keratinocytes can then be evaluated by studying the expression of several markers such as keratins 1 and 10, transglutaminase 1, desaturase DES2, involucrine, FATP4 and ABCG1 transporters.
• markers such as keratins 1 and 10, transglutaminase 1, desaturase DES2, involucrine, FATP4 and ABCG1 transporters.
• the plan of the study can be schematized as follows: in vitro differentiation of NHK and samples for analysis
• KSFM Bovine Pituitary Extract
• EGF Epidermal Growth Factor
• the total RNAs are extracted cold from the keratinocytes.
• the PCRs are carried out in a 96-well plate (iCycler quantitative PCR apparatus, BioRad). Expression of transglutaminase, desaturase (DES2), ABCG1 and FATP4 transcripts is normalized to the expression of reference genes (GAPDH, UBC, HPRT). The expression levels of the samples treated with calcium and the active ingredient are compared to the expression levels of the samples treated only with calcium.
• DES2 desaturase
• ABCG1 and FATP4 transcripts is normalized to the expression of reference genes (GAPDH, UBC, HPRT).
• Vitamin D3 at 10 ⁇ M induces the expression of transglutaminase 1, DES2, and ABCG1 transcripts by a factor of 8.3, 11.1 and 3.1 respectively, compared to the control treated solely with calcium.
• the expression of FATP4 on the other hand is not modulated by the vitamin D3 treatment. The effect of potentiation of the differentiation has therefore been demonstrated with regard to the unsaturated fatty hydroxy-acid derivatives according to the invention.
• the keratinocyte the most represented cell in the epidermis, releases, in response to numerous extracellular factors present in its environment, biologically active mediators, in particular prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which play an important role in initiation. and the modulation of inflammatory skin reactions, which are also involved in the regulation of the immune response.
• Prostaglandin PG6KF1 alpha is one of the major metabolites produced by the stimulated keratinocyte, and representative of the modulation of the production of metabolites of arachidonic acid metabolism from the cyclooxygenase pathway
• the keratinocyte suspension in DMEM 10% FCS is distributed in 6-well plates (1, 2.10 6 cells / well), and incubated for 16 hours at 37 ° C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere.
• the keratinocytes are then rinsed with PBS to remove the non-adherent cells and then exposed to the test products included in DMEM without FCS (which could interfere in the assay).
• the concentration tested in culture is 3 ⁇ g / ml. It was selected after a preliminary evaluation of cytotoxicity (neutral red) and is not cytotoxic.
• the cells are preincubated for 60 minutes with the test products and then a stimulating agent of the arachidonic acid cascade, the calcium ionophore, is added for 5 hours: the calcium ionophore A23187 is used at a concentration of 1 ⁇ M. After these 5 hours of culture, the culture media of each of the wells are recovered, centrifuged at 3000 rpm and stored at -80 ° C.
• the results are expressed as percentage of activity / stimulated control.
• Anti-inflammatory property Inhibition of the synthesis of an IL8 pro-inflammatory cytokine
• the barrier function of the skin provides protection against the external environment, and the keratinocytes of the epidermis can directly respond to a wide variety of irritants or allergens and participate actively in inflammatory and immune skin processes. , especially through the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, mediators of protein origin.
• proinflammatory cytokines mediators of protein origin.
• Nl_1 ⁇ Interleukin 1 ⁇
• TNF ⁇ Tumor Necrosis Factor ⁇
• the chemokine system controls leukocyte trafficking during the inflammatory response and is necessary for the interactions of innate and adaptive immune responses.
• chemokine - Interleukin 8 - which is strongly involved in the amplification of the inflammatory response and whose main function is to recruit and activate neutrophils, notably by stimulating their release of molecules. proinflammatory.
• PROTOCOL The keratinocyte suspension in complemented KSFM is distributed in 96-well plates (3.10 4 cells / well), and incubated for 16 hours at 37 ° C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere. The keratinocytes are then rinsed with PBS to remove the non-adherent cells and then exposed to the test products included in uncompleted KSFM (which could interfere in the assay).
• the concentration tested in culture is 3 ⁇ g / ml. It was selected after a preliminary evaluation of cytotoxicity (neutral red) and is not cytotoxic. For each treatment, 3 wells are made. The cells are preincubated for 60 minutes with the test products and then stimulated, along with negative controls without stimulant: Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA) 1 ⁇ M + lonophore calcium (A23187) 0.1 ⁇ M. Incubation for 6 hours at 37 ° C. in a humid atmosphere of air containing 5% of CO2.
• PMA Phorbol Myristate Acetate
• the culture media of each of the wells are recovered, centrifuged at 3000 rpm and stored at -80 ° C.
• Cytokine assay L 1 I L8 is assayed by an ELISA immunoenzymatic method (Immunotech).
• the results are expressed as percentage of activity / stimulated control.
• the compounds according to the invention were evaluated in terms of anti-inflammatory activity on the release of interleukin 8 by phorbol ester-stimulated NHK human kernelocytes PMA + calcium ionophore A23187.
• PAR-2 Protease-Activated Receptor-2
• PAR-2 is expressed by the different cell types of the skin: keratinocytes, myoepithelial cells of the sweat glands, hair follicle, dermal-like cells of the dermis and the endothelial cells of the lamina intestinal and dermis (Steinhoff et al., 1999 Santulli et al., 1995). Melanocytes do not express this receptor (Seiberg et al., 2000) although PAR-2 plays an important role in pigmentation by promoting melanin transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes (Sharlow et al., 2000).
• the serine proteases generated by the epidermis exert chemotactic effects inducing the recruitment of leucocytes into the skin. They are also involved in the regulation of epidermal homeostasis, mitogenesis and differentiation and modulate the barrier function of the skin.
• serine proteases contribute to the pathophysiology of cutaneous diseases related to inflammation, host defense, carcinogenesis, fibrosis and nerve stimulation.
• the cutaneous physiological and pathophysiological properties of serine proteases may be partly related to PAR receptors. Indeed, PAR-2 receptors are over-expressed in the epidermis, dermis and vessels of inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, lichen planus and psoriasis (Steinhoff et al., 1999). PAR-2 receptors also play a role in the development of pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis (Steinhoff et al., 2003).
• IL-8 chemokine-attractive chemokine for leukocytes
• This technique is based on the use of a fluorescent probe esterified by an AM group, facilitating its penetration by passive diffusion in the cell.
• the probe used is Fluo-4 / AM. Only the de-esterified and calcium ion-bound form is excitable in fluorescence (at 485 nm) and emits
• keratinocytes derived from a line (HaCaT) the hydroxy-acid derivatives of general formula (I), mentioned in the table above, exhibit an activity on the inhibition of calcium flux induced by trypsin, at a concentration of 10 ⁇ g / ml for the first, and at a concentration of 100 ⁇ g / ml for the following two compounds.
• the specific stimulation of PAR-2 receptors by trypsin leads to intra and extracellular calcium mobilization detected using the fluorescent probe.
• Melanocytes are star-shaped cells, present as a minority in the basal layer of the epidermis. Their main function is to ensure melanogenesis, a process by which melanin is synthesized in specialized organelles, melanosomes, and then transported and distributed to neighboring keratinocytes via their dendritic extensions. This contact with keratinocytes allows cutaneous pigmentation, a protective mechanism of the epidermis against the mutagenic effects of ultraviolet rays.
• Each melanocyte is related to approximately thirty-six keratinocytes, thus forming an "epidermal unit of melanization".
• Melanogenesis consists of a series of enzymatic and spontaneous reactions, the precursor of which is tyrosine. Three main enzymes participate in this process: tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2 (TRP 1 and 2) (1).
• Tyrosinase catalyzes the transformation of tyrosine into dopaquinone. From there, two synthetic routes are possible: eumelanogenesis and pheomelonogenesis. The conversion of dopaquinone to eumelanin is by a series of successive reactions of oxidation involving TRP-1 and TRP-2.
• Eumelanin is the dark brown, low sulfur pigment and provides photoprotective power.
• pheomelanogenesis high-sulfur molecules are incorporated into dopaquinone to give the yellow-orange pheomelanin found in the skin of redheads.
• the physiological stimulus of melanin synthesis is the sun, which leads to an increase in the number of melanocytes, a melanin neosynthesis, and morphological changes in melanocytes, associating an increase in their dendricity with an increase in the transfer of melanosomes to keratinocytes.
• sun exposure stimulates the synthesis and secretion of alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone.
• ⁇ -MSH increases the intramelanocytic concentration of cAMP, activating the transcription factor, Mitf, which in turn stimulates the transcriptional activity of the genes encoding tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2.
• Some exogenous molecules are also known to negatively regulate melanogenesis. Hydroquinone inhibits melanin synthesis by presenting itself as a tyrosinase substrate in order to divert its activity.
• the modulatory effect of unsaturated fatty acid hydroxy derivatives on melanogenesis was analyzed.
• a measurement of the melanin synthesis by colorimetric assay is carried out on a murine melanoma cell line: the B16-F10 line.
• the effect of the products is investigated in the basal situation and after stimulation of melanogenesis by ⁇ MSH to determine the depigmenting power.
• the extracellular and intracellular melanin level is then measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 405 nm according to the protocol (Anob et al, 1999).
• the amount of pigment is determined by a standard range of melanin and analysis on Microwin software (Berthold Biotechnologies).
• a total protein assay is performed for intracellular melanin samples by the BCA-Copper method at 540nm. The standard range is made with a standard protein, BSA (Serum Albumin Bovine).
• the alpha MSH at 1 ⁇ M increases the production of melanin by 100% compared with the control cells.
• depigmenting agents such as hydroquinone at 1 ⁇ g / ml or vitamin C at 40 ⁇ g / ml, which inhibit the action of alpha MSH by 60%.
• the inhibitory activity of these 2 acids on induction of melanogenesis by alpha MSH is of the order of 35%.

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  • 2008-04-18 TN TNP2008000172A patent/TNSN08172A1/fr unknown
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