WO2007043854A1 - Machine de recolte de legumes equipee d'un reservoir et d'un systeme de decharge - Google Patents

Machine de recolte de legumes equipee d'un reservoir et d'un systeme de decharge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007043854A1
WO2007043854A1 PCT/MX2006/000093 MX2006000093W WO2007043854A1 WO 2007043854 A1 WO2007043854 A1 WO 2007043854A1 MX 2006000093 W MX2006000093 W MX 2006000093W WO 2007043854 A1 WO2007043854 A1 WO 2007043854A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
machine
hopper
roots
frame
bars
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2006/000093
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
José Manuel CABRERA SIXTO
Ryszard Jerzy Serwatowski Hlawinska
Adrián FLORES ORTEGA
J. Concepción QUIROZ RAMÍREZ
J. Armando Juarez Guani
Original Assignee
Universidad De Guanajuato
Montellano Estructuras Y Construcciones S.A. De C.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad De Guanajuato, Montellano Estructuras Y Construcciones S.A. De C.V. filed Critical Universidad De Guanajuato
Publication of WO2007043854A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007043854A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
    • A01D33/08—Special sorting and cleaning mechanisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D25/00—Lifters for beet or like crops
    • A01D25/04—Machines with moving or rotating tools
    • A01D25/042—Machines with moving or rotating tools with driven tools
    • A01D25/048—Machines with moving or rotating tools with driven tools with endless chains
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
    • A01D33/10—Crop collecting devices, with or without weighing apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to vegetable harvesting equipment that have bulb root and aerial stem and are grown in furrows or rows.
  • Traction harvesters work by holding the plant by the foliage by means of two rubber belts facing each other, with a vertical contact plane and inclined to raise the plant once uprooted. At the same time that the plant is taken by the stem, a fence penetrates below the roots, loosening the ground, so that they do not offer tensile strength that the belts exert on the leaves. Good foliar development is needed so that field losses are not excessive.
  • a mechanism of bars or discs acts that separate the stem from the root.
  • the torn foliage is thrown to the ground; the roots, once leafless, fall on an elevator, which unloads them in a trailer or hopper, which accompanies the harvester.
  • the elevator can simultaneously perform preliminary cleaning.
  • Pull pull harvesters work mainly on a single line, requiring a medium power tractor to drive and drive, reaching working capacities of 0.15 to 0.2 ha / h.
  • Self-propelled machines that operate on the same principle can harvest up to five rows simultaneously; Its unloading system is continuous, although a large hopper design is known, which allows periodic unloading with an elevator that starts at the bottom of said hopper.
  • the push harvesters suitable for low-foliage varieties resemble beet harvesters and the sequence of their operations is to eliminate the foliage, lift the root along with the soil, separate and clean the soil, unload in a hopper.
  • Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show the general views of the machine: upper, right side, left side and rear, respectively.
  • Figure 5 shows views of the root boot and separation system.
  • Figure 6 shows views of the conveyor with some details on a larger scale.
  • Figure 7a shows views of the elevator with some details on a larger scale and 7b shows schematically the positions of the elevator during filling and emptying of the hopper, respectively.
  • Figure 8 a, b and c shows simplified views of the storage and unloading system of the harvested product in the working position, with the hopper raised and with the hopper raised and turned, respectively.
  • Figure 9 shows three views of the device of Figure 8a.
  • Figure 10 shows the diagram of the hydraulic circuit of the drive system of the machine mechanisms.
  • the present invention relates to a crop harvesting machine with bulb root and aerial stem.
  • the harvester has the shape of an implement, pulled by an agricultural tractor, whose power take-off is used as a power source for the drive of all the mechanisms of the same.
  • Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show the main assemblies and components of the combine: a main frame (1) with wheels with tires, supports to support all the machine components and an adjustable hitch with the tractor , which allows, by means of a hydraulic cylinder (9), the alignment of the implement with the row or harvested rows; a system of starting of the plant and separation of the root (2), characteristic for this class of machines; a multi-axis conveyor (3) with rotating elastic elements, whose function is to remove the soil adhered to the roots by scraping and shaking as they move forward; a chain hoist (4) with bars and slats, whose function is to fill the temporary storage hopper (5); a discharge device (6) that lifts and turns the hopper to empty it to a conventional means of transport; a hydraulic system for driving the mechanisms of the combine (7), which uses the tractor's power take-off as a power source; This complete system is shown in Figure 10; a folding mechanical jack (8), whose function is to provide additional support for the implement in the unloading phase and when it is not coupled to
  • the starter and separation device (2) is aligned with the row to be harvested by means of the hydraulic cylinder (9) of the shot, lowered by means of the cylinder (10) (see figure 2) the front end of said device (2) to the desired level, according to the height of the groove and foliage, the elevator (4) is placed in the lower position by the cylinder (11) (see figure 3).
  • Figures 2 and 3 show the single row crop but depending on the conditions of the crop and the tractor used, parallel devices (2) could be used to harvest more than one row at a time.
  • an adjustable blade (13) of the device (2) loosen the ground below the roots; said blade, with its rear end articulated in the fixed frame (1) and suspended laterally on the frame (12) of the device (2) is raised and lowered together with said device, additionally having a gradual vertical and horizontal adjustment, to adapt to the size of the harvested root and soil conditions.
  • the curved (eccentric) shape of its body seen from above (14), allows the free flow of soil and raised roots.
  • the frame (12) of the device (2) consists of two main longitudinal profiles that define the displacement duct of the uprooted plants and others that provide rigidity to the frame and support the components of the starting and separation system.
  • the device for separating the crop (15) of conventional design, whose function is to separate the foliage of the plants from the harvested row, from the foliage of the adjacent row, lift and guide it towards the feed throat, formed by the two front pulleys (16) of the two endless belts facing each other (17).
  • the device (15) is coupled to the end of the frame (12) so that it allows its free movement (rotation) in the vertical plane, to allow its skates to slide on the ground. It also has an opening adjustment to adapt to different crop conditions.
  • the pulleys (18) have individual cleaning knives (not shown), adapted to the trapezoidal groove on the periphery of the pulleys, for the purpose of scraping the adhered earth.
  • the bands (17) are driven by tension pulleys (19) placed at the rear end of the frame (12), by individual hydraulic motors (20), connected in series to match the speeds of both bands.
  • the grooves made in the base plates (21) of the pulley shafts (19) at the rear end of the frame (12), allow both longitudinal adjustment (tension of the bands), and transverse adjustment (separation of bands in the output), using simple screw mechanisms.
  • the bands move the uprooted plants upwards, making them pass through the foliage separation mechanism (22), to finally release the foliage at the rear end of the machine.
  • the separation device of conventional foliage based on the principle patented by William E. Urschel in 1933 (US Patent 1,894,802 N 0) and adapted with minor modifications for most harvesting machines with current root crops (Donald Mortensen, Root Crop Harvester, US Patent No. 4,173,257), consists of two sets of section bars. transverse elliptical and actuated through the inclined heads where the ends of said bars are connected.
  • the partial overlap between the bars of both sets requires a synchronization in the relative movement of both upper heads, driven by a hydraulic motor through a transmission by catarinas and chain (24 ).
  • the inclination of the heads with respect to the bars adds a longitudinal (axial) component to the movement in the contact area, which the bars print to the stems by the rotational movement.
  • the roots have a forward movement, with speed similar to that of the stems pulled by the bands and an upward transverse movement, which makes them approach and stick to the bands.
  • the function of the bar set is to align (match the roots) and a cutting disc is used to remove these surpluses (not shown in the figures).
  • the root is for direct consumption (for example carrot for fresh marketing)
  • the bars have the function of starting the stems fairly evenly and without mechanical damage, thanks to the bending and pulling action they exert on the stems without leaving Enter and without damaging the roots.
  • the kinematic parameters of the bar mechanism must be in accordance with the parameters of the belt lifting system.
  • the design of the suspension and the operation of the bar assemblies must take into account different sizes of both the root and foliage, depending on the variety and specific conditions of the crop.
  • adjustable springs (25) which define the position and mutual tightening of both sets, allows an automatic adaptation of the system to the variable parameters of the crop harvested.
  • the set of bars (22) In the working position of the starting and separating system (2) the set of bars (22) is just above the lower end of the conveyor (3), whose main function is to receive the separated roots, transport them and unload them in the lower end of the elevator (4); Its additional function is to clean the roots separately, eliminating the soil and other organic residues that may be attached.
  • the conveyor (3) extends at the rear of the machine, with a slight inclination to achieve an initial elevation of the mass of the product and consists (figure 6) of a structural frame (26) with two side walls and one front, a sufficient number of parallel shafts (27) supported by the foot bearings at their ends, rotating rubber elements (28) on each axis with axial positioning spacers and an axle drive system, consisting of a hydraulic motor (29 ) with a series of catarinas and chains (30) to transmit the same rotational movement to all axes.
  • the shown shape of the rotating elements (28) ensures an effective flow of the mass transported without causing blockages and exerts a cleaning action of the roots by rubbing without causing mechanical damage to the roots.
  • the cut made on the side walls of the structure (26) of the conveyor (3) allows the free flow of the roots and stems that were separated in the set of bars (22), with the greatest possible approach to the plane of operation of the rotating elements (28), in order to reduce the likelihood of mechanical damage from falling of the separated roots.
  • the conveyor (3) unloads the roots at the lower end of the elevator (4), placed on the back of the left side of the machine, whose function is to raise the roots to a sufficient height to unload them in the hopper of the implement for storage temporary.
  • the elevator (4) (figure 7) consists of a frame (31), a conveyor belt formed by the parallel bars (32) with rubber coating, screwed at its ends to the roller chains (33) with attachments, guided to turn by the catarinas (34). The spaces between the bars drop the earth and others impurities, which are detached from the roots at this stage of the process. At appropriate intervals, one of the bars (32) is replaced by a rubber-coated bar (35), to ensure the thrust of the material transported upwards.
  • Said fin or slat (35) supports its base in the adjacent bar (32) without rubber coating, to maintain its position.
  • the elevator belt is driven by a hydraulic motor (36) by means of a pair of catarinas wedged on the upper shaft (37).
  • the tension adjustment of the chains (33) is carried out by moving the lower axis (38) of the elevator, with the help of the threading mechanisms (39).
  • Walls (40) extend on both sides of the band, forming a conduit to control the flow.
  • the frame (31) of the elevator is articulated in the main frame (1) of the implement (figures 3 and 7b) and positioned by means of the hydraulic cylinder (11). This allows its overlap with the hopper (5) during work and its total withdrawal during the unloading operation; both positions are shown schematically in figure 7b.
  • the unloading device (6) (figures 8 and 9) consists of a fixed frame (41) attached to the main frame (1) of the implement, a scissor-like lifting mechanism (42), coupled to the fixed frame (41) by pivots.
  • the hydraulic cylinders (45) of the scissor mechanism are operated and the movable frame (46) together with the hopper is raised, until its upper edge exceeds the height of the truck rows (trailer), moving at the same time to the truck box.
  • the cylinders (50) are operated, forcing the hopper to rotate around the pivot (49), thus discharging the product to the means of transport. Having unloaded the material, the hopper and the movable frame are returned to their lower initial position.
  • the capacity of the hopper allows the material harvested to be stored in a path of not less than 400 m, according to the type of crop, its yield, as well as the usual size of the plots, in order to adjust the discharges to the trajectory of the harvest and at the head of the land.
  • the hydraulic cylinders which adjust the vertical (10) and horizontal (9) position of the starting system (2), according to the height of the groove and row harvested, are controlled by a double directional valve (54) (with two levers ) placed next to the directional control valve of the motors (52), to be used during the operation (advance) of the machine.
  • the triple directional valve (55) for actuation of Hydraulic cylinders of the elevator (11) and the unloading device (45 and 50), are placed in the front left corner of the main frame, next to the mechanical jack (8), which is also used in this operation. The above ensures visibility and comfort for good control of this periodic operation.
  • the pairs of cylinders (45) and (50) are fed through the respective flow divider valves (56) type 50:50, to ensure synchronization in their movement regardless of the load distribution in the hopper.
  • the individual relief valves (57) allow to limit the pressure (indicated by the manometer 58) and with it the maximum force developed in each pair of cylinders, in order to control the dynamic loads.
  • the speed of movement of the rod of the hydraulic cylinders can be controlled in general by the flow regulating valve (59) and in particular by individual levers of the respective directional valves (54 and 55).
  • the hydraulic cylinders (45) of the lift of the mobile frame (of the scissors) and of the rotation (50) of the hopper are interconnected with the positioning cylinder (11) of the main elevator.
  • the latter during the harvesting operation, is partially overlapped with the hopper ( Figure 3 and 7b), in order to achieve conditions that facilitate its complete filling.
  • To empty the hopper it is necessary to lift the lift first, that is, separate it from the hopper so that there is no overlap (figure 7b). If, due to an operator's carelessness, this movement is not carried out before operating the scissors (45) cylinders or (50) of the hopper, a collision and damage to the elevator structure could occur.
  • Figure 9 shows three views of the device of Figure 8a.
  • Figure 10 shows the diagram of the hydraulic circuit of the drive system of the machine mechanisms.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une machine de récolte de légumes à racine à bulbe et tige aérienne. La machine de récolte se présente sous la forme d'un outil, tiré par un tracteur agricole, se caractérisant par une structure à roues et pneus, des supports destinés à soutenir tous les composants de la machine et un dispositif d'attelage réglable connecté au tracteur, permettant d'aligner l'outil avec la ligne ou les lignes récoltées; un système d'extraction de la plante avec des bandes opposées dans le plan vertical, caractéristique de ce type de machines, avec une lame réglable pour affaiblir le sol en dessous des racines extraites; un dispositif de séparation de feuillage classique, basé sur le principe breveté par William E. Urschel en 1933 (Brevet américain N° 1 894 802) formé de deux jeux de barres positionnées et actionnées par des têtes inclinées; un transporteur à axes multiples avec des éléments élastiques rotatifs, dont la fonction est d'éliminer la terre qui adhère aux racines par raclage et agitation à mesure qu'ils avancent; un dispositif d'élévation de chaînes avec des barres et des pièces transversales, dont la fonction est de remplir la trémie de stockage temporaire; un dispositif de décharge destiné à élever et à faire basculer la trémie pour la vider dans un moyen de transport classique; et un système hydraulique propre d'actionnement des mécanismes de la machine de récolte, utilisant la prise de force du tracteur comme source de puissance.
PCT/MX2006/000093 2005-08-29 2006-08-29 Machine de recolte de legumes equipee d'un reservoir et d'un systeme de decharge WO2007043854A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MXGT05000009A MXGT05000009A (es) 2005-08-29 2005-08-29 Maquina cosechadora de hortalizas con deposito y sistema de descarga.
MXGT/A/2005/000009 2005-08-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007043854A1 true WO2007043854A1 (fr) 2007-04-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/MX2006/000093 WO2007043854A1 (fr) 2005-08-29 2006-08-29 Machine de recolte de legumes equipee d'un reservoir et d'un systeme de decharge

Country Status (2)

Country Link
MX (1) MXGT05000009A (fr)
WO (1) WO2007043854A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104641781A (zh) * 2015-02-13 2015-05-27 青岛理工大学 一种生姜清洗定量装箱与秸秆粉碎压块联合收获机
JP2017127265A (ja) * 2016-01-21 2017-07-27 井関農機株式会社 根菜類収穫機
CN107371556A (zh) * 2017-08-11 2017-11-24 玖和科技秦皇岛有限公司 牵引式多功能甜菜收获机
CN108353610A (zh) * 2018-02-05 2018-08-03 李翠平 割叶机构

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624997A (en) * 1945-04-09 1953-01-13 Int Harvester Co Beet harvester
GB1272504A (en) * 1969-09-05 1972-05-03 Deere & Co Tank for bulk material
US3685674A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-08-22 Fahr Ag Maschf Vehicle with selective load-height and dumping capabilities
GB1451700A (en) * 1973-11-15 1976-10-06 Comhlucht Siuicre Eireann Root crop harvesting machines
US4173257A (en) * 1977-08-11 1979-11-06 Fmc Corporation Root crop harvester
GB2033717A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-05-29 Hestair Farm Equip Ltd Tank for root crop harvesters
US4524572A (en) * 1983-08-18 1985-06-25 Wilde Bernard D Pickle harvester
US4662162A (en) * 1984-02-29 1987-05-05 Bettencourt Thomas S Tomato harvester
US4971594A (en) * 1989-09-22 1990-11-20 Anton Gallenberg Apparatus for harvesting ginseng roots
EP0586087A2 (fr) * 1992-08-06 1994-03-09 Kobashi Kogyo Co., Ltd. Récolteuse de tubercules
JPH06181619A (ja) * 1992-12-24 1994-07-05 Kubota Corp 藺草ハーベスタの積載構造
US5471823A (en) * 1994-06-24 1995-12-05 Case Corporation Electronic combine head float control system

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624997A (en) * 1945-04-09 1953-01-13 Int Harvester Co Beet harvester
US3685674A (en) * 1969-01-31 1972-08-22 Fahr Ag Maschf Vehicle with selective load-height and dumping capabilities
GB1272504A (en) * 1969-09-05 1972-05-03 Deere & Co Tank for bulk material
GB1451700A (en) * 1973-11-15 1976-10-06 Comhlucht Siuicre Eireann Root crop harvesting machines
US4173257A (en) * 1977-08-11 1979-11-06 Fmc Corporation Root crop harvester
GB2033717A (en) * 1978-10-12 1980-05-29 Hestair Farm Equip Ltd Tank for root crop harvesters
US4524572A (en) * 1983-08-18 1985-06-25 Wilde Bernard D Pickle harvester
US4662162A (en) * 1984-02-29 1987-05-05 Bettencourt Thomas S Tomato harvester
US4971594A (en) * 1989-09-22 1990-11-20 Anton Gallenberg Apparatus for harvesting ginseng roots
EP0586087A2 (fr) * 1992-08-06 1994-03-09 Kobashi Kogyo Co., Ltd. Récolteuse de tubercules
JPH06181619A (ja) * 1992-12-24 1994-07-05 Kubota Corp 藺草ハーベスタの積載構造
US5471823A (en) * 1994-06-24 1995-12-05 Case Corporation Electronic combine head float control system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104641781A (zh) * 2015-02-13 2015-05-27 青岛理工大学 一种生姜清洗定量装箱与秸秆粉碎压块联合收获机
JP2017127265A (ja) * 2016-01-21 2017-07-27 井関農機株式会社 根菜類収穫機
CN107371556A (zh) * 2017-08-11 2017-11-24 玖和科技秦皇岛有限公司 牵引式多功能甜菜收获机
CN108353610A (zh) * 2018-02-05 2018-08-03 李翠平 割叶机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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