WO2007028427A1

WO2007028427A1 - Tunnel construction

Info

Publication number: WO2007028427A1
Application number: PCT/EP2006/004853
Authority: WO
Inventors: Konrad Aurin; Svein Jonsson; Thomas Czychy
Original assignee: Xella Trockenbau-Systeme Gmbh
Priority date: 2005-05-23
Filing date: 2006-05-22
Publication date: 2007-03-15
Also published as: DE202005008250U1; NO338728B1; NO20074832L

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel construction below a tunnel profile of a tunnel structure, e.g. a rock or concrete pillar structure, with a multi-shell structure which comprises a) a vaulted, shell-type fire protection system (9), on the tunnel interior, having a frame rail construction (23) and fire protection panels (22) received thereon, b) a vaulted, shell-type heat-insulation system (12) with heat-insulating material, following as the next outer structure, c) a vaulted, shell-type water-protection system from e.g. water-impermeable or water-repelling material, on the tunnel profile end. The shell structures of the systems are preferably mounted one after the other on anchors (31), expediently each one in a manner so as to be immovable.

Description

Xella drywall Systerae GmbH

tunneling

The invention relates to tunneling in concrete and rock tunnels with a water shield, frost or heat insulation and fire protection.

In tunnels with increased traffic, tunnels with overbuilding and underwater tunnels are made more demanding. The mountain water must be able to be drained rearward and frost-free. Under no circumstances should any formation of ice within the tunnel occur (load on the construction, endangering the users of the tunnel) and the construction, whether rock or concrete, must be protected in a fire so that failure can not occur.

From practice it is known to use as a fire protection spray plaster or concrete with reinforcement. However, this is difficult to clean due to the rough surface and hardly inspectable.

From DE 296 01 777 Ul fire protection, the use of perforated plates is known. But these have the disadvantages that the intumescent is not moisture resistant, the installation is complex and only a low fire protection is guaranteed.

In addition, calcium silicate plates are used in practice. These are difficult to clean and only limited moisture resistance.

Further, ^'the use of concrete with added PP fibers is known. The fibers prevent the typical chipping behavior of concrete. The concrete is still damaged by the Teinperatureintrag and must be renovated consuming. Its use is only possible with new buildings.

For the construction of tunnels, sealing membranes made of various plastics or PE foam are used against mountain water. All these materials are flammable and are quickly destroyed in extreme weather in case of emergency and fall off eventually.

Antifreeze in tunnels is realized by plates made of glass foam granulate or PE foam. PE foam combines antifreeze and umbrella function but is flammable.

The invention has for its object to provide an improved tunnel construction available, which ensures both fire protection and frost insulation and water shielding.

The solution of this object is achieved with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, it is provided that a frame rail system, in particular for holding fire protection plates and possibly also for holding a Wärmeisoliereinrichtung is used for the tunnel construction. The frame rail system can also be used for attaching technical equipment. To reduce the structural strength of the tunnel construction and increase the stability of the system, the frame rail system can be embedded in a sprayed-on thermal insulation material. If a mineral bonded insulating material is used (EPS cement), the fire protection of the tunnel construction for mountain or Concrete linings still increased because the material also has good fire protection properties.

The use of a frame rail system in combination with the fire protection panels has the further advantage that structural details, such as. Movement joints trained, attachment and integration of technical equipment or changes in the theoretical tunnel profile can be easily performed.

In a first preferred embodiment of a tunnel construction according to the invention, it is provided that the insulation consists essentially of a thermoplastic material which is installed behind the fire protection boards foreclosed so that in case of fire behind the fire protection plates creates an overpressure, the oxygen access to the insulation and to prevent their ignition at least during a sufficient delay time. This design measure, which provides a partitioning system of the space between fire protection boards and rock or concrete cladding, allows to resort to known thermoplastic insulation material and its processing techniques and still provide with the invention, a secure tunneling available.

Regarding the type of arrangement of the insulation provided according to the first preferred embodiment, it should be noted that even with a laying of the fire protection plates with joints, zones form behind these plates even due to the size of the fire protection plates, which merely produce at their edges a gas supply or Gas outlet are open. In a fire, in which the fire protection panels are heated, first the humidity located behind the fire protection panels is in a gas phase transgress and thus prevent the access of oxygen as gas cushion. Further, after consumption of this moisture, the thermoplastic material of the insulation, which is preferably polyethyleri, will only decompose due to the shield formed by the fire shields and the lower temperature prevailing therefrom, thereby becoming continuously desired to that behind the fire protection panels Contribute overpressure, whereby an oxygen access to the insulation and thus their ignition is prevented.

As an alternative to the above-mentioned, consisting essentially of a thermoplastic material insulation is provided according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention that the insulation consists essentially of a substantially mineral building material. Such a substantially mineral lightweight construction material is, for example, a sprayed plaster or shotcrete in which pores are formed, these pores being e.g. by light aggregates or foaming agents or gas-forming pore formers, e.g. AI powder, also by thermoplastic particles, which are defects in relation to the mineral matrix, can be produced. Air voids formed by the foaming agents or by mechanical entrainment do not contribute to the fire load, and a mineral lightweight construction material is not combustible. Even if - as provided in a Äusführungsform of the invention - the pores are formed by thermoplastic particles, such insulation does not contribute to the fire, because a flaming of these particles is made difficult by the surrounding mineral material, which prevents ingress of air, the mineral material also has a cooling effect.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that for holding the fire protection panels Holding structures are provided which are formed as self-supporting framework or skeleton structures of profile rails. The term skeleton structure is expressed that these structures should not only be self-supporting, but also the load bearing or the essential task for the fire protection plates ^" meet, so that it is no longer - as in the prior art - required, the fire protection panels The skeletal structures indicate the interior shape of the tunnel structure, so that, for example, outbreaks in a mountain range no longer have a serious effect, as in the prior art.

If the support structures for the fire protection plates are formed as skeleton structures, it is also possible to perform a modular prefabrication outside the tunnel and possibly in specialized production plants, which considerably reduces the effort on the construction site.

If the skeleton structures form a preferred frame profile rail system, very high strengths can be achieved even with low material thicknesses or frame elements.

Because of the self-supporting Ξkelettstrukturen tunnel only a small amount of anchoring in the mountains or concrete is necessary because a large part of the loads on the foot points of the skeleton is removed into the bottom of the tunnel.

If the skeletal structures are set in relation to the mountain, this increases the safety during the construction phase.

If the support structures a matched to the weight and dimensions of the fire panels pitch have a particularly rational prefabrication and interchangeability can be achieved.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulation is at the same time designed as a drainage to drain drip, seepage and / or rainwater. In this way, the required different functions are met with the tunnel according to the invention according to the preferred embodiment, namely a particularly effective protection both against frost and against mountain water and a protection of the tunnel in the event of an accident against fire.

Preferably, the fire protection panels made of fiberglass light concrete, as this also has a good insulating effect due to its low density, is frost-resistant salt and can be easily edited.

The insulation is provided in one embodiment of the invention in the tunnel construction as an element of antifreeze and the water shield, in which the insulation also prevents _/ that escaping mountain water leads to ice formation. Due to the insulation, the mountain water can flow away and be discharged behind the fire protection plates even in frost in the interior of the tunnel. Preferably, an insulation is used which contains substantially waterproof polyethylene foam (PE foam), since such foam causes high thermal insulation and does not weather even when water is present.

Alternatively or in addition to the PE foam is provided that the insulation contains mineral pore material. Such porous material is incombustible and therefore particularly well suited for use in tunneling. This insulation may also contain plastic particles, in particular styrofoam beads. If the insulation can be applied in the manner of a shotcrete, it is possible to install the insulation with very little personnel expenditure. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an insulating sprayed lightweight concrete is provided as insulation.

If the insulation is designed as a plate-shaped building material, this has the advantage that even short tunnels can be equipped inexpensively with the tunnel construction according to the invention.

If, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, the mechanical properties of the insulation can be used constructively, other safety measures can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller, which leads to a reduced overall effort.

If a membrane is provided to protect the insulation from moisture penetration, excessive weight load on the tunnel lining can be prevented.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing by way of example. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a cross section through a tunnel construction according to the invention

Fig. 2 shows schematically and in perspective a partial view of a frame according to the invention in a tunnel construction

Fig. 3 is an illustration of a rail for an inventively used frame 4 shows a cross section through a partial region of a tunnel construction according to the invention in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention

5 shows a cross section through a partial region of a tunnel construction according to the invention in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention

6 shows a cross section through a partial region of a tunnel construction according to the invention in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention

7 shows a cross section through a partial region of a tunnel construction according to the invention in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention.

A tunnel construction 10 according to the invention can be executed under a tunnel profile 14 of either a rock tunnel construction 150 or a concrete pipe construction 15 and designed as a multi-shell structure.

Basically, the expansion adjacent to the tunnel profile 14 comprises a vault-like / bowl-shaped Wasserabschirm- and heat insulation system 12 and the interior 17 following a vault-like, cup-shaped fire protection system 9 (Fig.l), e.g. a vault-like frame rail construction 23 with fire protection plates 22 mounted thereon.

The arch-like frame construction 23 is supported on the tunnel sole 17a and preferably designed to be self-supporting and load-absorbing. Alternatively or additionally, the frame construction 23 may also be supported or held on the tunnel wall with anchors 31, wherein the frame construction 23, in particular with its frame struts, is arranged firmly on or on the anchors 31, for example by means of screwing.

The frame construction 23 (Fig. 2) is of a certain pitch, arranged in the particular horizontal or lateral spacing, upright and with e.g. Fußmfassungen 16c on a foundation of the tunnel sole 17a resting vault struts lβa and horizontal, attached to the vault struts 16a, arranged at a certain vertical distance stiffening transverse struts 18a constructed, resulting in a kind of skeleton structure 23 results.

The vault struts 16a, for example of sheet steel, for example, are substantially U-shaped rails 16, in particular so-called Halfen rails 90 (Figure 3) with a U-base web 96 and the two U-leg webs 92, wherein the rail 90 with its base web 96 is arranged to the tunnel profile 14 indicative. The leg webs 92 are umgehlagen at its end 94 in a U-shaped inward. This gives the frame rail construction 23 with low material usage a particularly high stability. The edge length a of the leg webs 92 as well as the base web 96 is eg a = 43.3 mm. The material thickness d of both the leg webs 92 and the base web 96 is eg 2.5 mm. The folded ends 94 extend for example about 9.5 mm to the profile central axis, this being indicated by b. As a result, the opening width c is 22.3 mm. The amount that the folded ends extend inward is, for example, about 7.5 mm, indicated by e. At their inner end edges, the turned-over ends 92 expediently each have a toothing 98 which, for example, has a height h of approximately 1.5 mm and a step size s of, for example, approximately 3 mm. All radii R have a radium of eg about 1 mm. The toothing 98 is also slightly chamfered at its flanks with, for example, about 0.4 mm, which is indicated by the letter f (Figure 3). The Qμerstreben 18a are also, for example, ü-profile rails 18 made of sheet steel with a ü-base web 18b and two side bars 18c. They are on the interior side with its base web 18 b against the vault struts 18 a abuttingly attached to this, for example screwed.

Between the tunnel section 14 or the rock 150a or the

Concrete lining 15a and the frame construction 23 is a

Gap 23a provided in which the Wasserabschirm- and heat insulation system are housed.

On the frame construction 23 fire protection plates 22 are attached, as will be explained below.

A first embodiment of a rock tunnel construction according to the invention is shown in FIG. 4 in the cross section of a partial area.

The space 23a arranged in front of or below the rock 150a frame construction 23 is composed of Halfen rails 90 and Ü-profile rails 18 which are screwed together with screws 30, wherein the screw head is received in the interior of the U-profile rail 18 and on the base web 18b stored. The screw shaft protrudes into the interior of the Halfen rail 90, wherein a lock nut with corresponding toothing on the toothing 98 of the Halfen rail 90 is supported.

The frame construction 23 is expediently anchored with positioning anchors 31 in the rock 150a, wherein the anchors pass through the Halfen rail 90. The armatures 31 have an anchor head 32, which bears against the Halfen rail 90 via, for example, a washer 90 a on the inside of the tunnel. The adjoining the anchor head 32 armature shaft 33 has following the anchor head 32 has a thread 34, which until shortly in front of the rock 150a is enough. On the thread, a nut 35 is screwed, which is supported on rock side on the Halfen rail 90.

Tunnel interior side against the frame structure 23 fire protection plates 22 are screwed with screws 36, wherein the screws 36 are screwed into the base web 18 b of the U-profile rail 18. The fire protection plates abut each other in the region of the U-profile rail 18, so that the space between the rock 150a and the fire protection plates 22 is closed relatively gastight because the U-profile rail 18 covers the impact gap between the plates 22. In particular, to improve this coverage of the interior of the U-profile rails 18 is filled with a sealing strip of material 42 which may protrude outwardly from the rail (the latter not shown).

Between the rock 150a and the frame structure 23, waterproof heat insulating sheets 37 are laid, e.g. Webs made of a closed-cell polyethylene foam (PE foam). The laying is advantageously carried out by the webs 37 are penetrated by the positioning anchors 31 and 37 on both sides of the web pressure-distributing retaining plates 38 are pressed against the surface of the web 37. The pressing is e.g. ensured with a nut 39, the rock side sits on the thread 34 and is screwed over the retaining plate 38 against the opposing nut 35.

Expediently, a largely insulating air space 40 remains between the rock 150a and the insulating material web 37. The positioning anchors 31 bridge the air space 40 and, with their correspondingly formed anchoring areas 41, are anchored in the rock 150a in a manner known per se. In the event of fire heat may act on the polyethylene sheet 37, but there is no ignition, because the space behind the fire protection panels 22 to the tunnel interior 17 is sealed and according to the invention extending parallel to the vault struts 16a / the interior space between rock 150a and the fire protection plates 22nd partitioning bulkheads are provided at a certain distance from each other (not shown). This causes that, although polyethylene decomposes, but the decomposition products hardly or only slowly penetrate into the tunnel interior 17. In addition, almost no air from the interior 17 penetrates into the compartmentalized space, because in the foreclosed space, an overpressure is generated by water vapor and / or decomposition products if necessary.

The foreclosed spaces are dimensioned such that the overpressure does not become so great that gases, e.g. Water vapor and decomposition products, get out of these spaces in the tunnel interior 17 and that no oxygen passes behind the fire protection plates 22, which could lead to a fire.

In this embodiment of the tunnel lining, the thermal insulation sheets 37 ensure both the desired thermal insulation {antifreeze protection) and the shielding or discharge of the water coming from the mountains.

Preferably, tunneling boards known per se are used as fire protection boards which conform to the fire protection standard DIN 4102 A1. Accordingly, a fire protection plate made from lightweight concrete with densities preferably less than 1000 kg / m ^3, preferably having bulk densities between 600 and 800 kg / m ^3, particularly suitable, for example, has a sandwich structure, and thereby has a relatively low bulk density, because of the relatively thick core of Plate is relatively light, while the relatively thin and denser cover layers have a higher bulk density and strength. The mineral-bonded, mineral fire-resistant board has a matrix enriched with hollow microglass spheres and / or expanded perlite, which is reinforced with glass fibers. The fire protection plates are expediently easy to process, frost-resistant and have a high strength. The flexural strengths are, for example, between 3 and 7.5 N / mm ² and the compressive strengths eg between 9 and 18 N / mm ² . Such tunneling panels are known as Aestuver T fire protection boards with sandwich construction or dicon tu fire protection boards. These plates are used in the context of the invention with standard size 625 x 3000 mm.

A second embodiment of a concrete pipe tunnel construction according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5 in the cross section of a partial area.

At this time, the waterproofing heat insulating sheet 37 is directly applied directly and without clearance to the concrete lining 15a of the concrete vault 15, e.g. glued or pinned. The fire protection device corresponds to the fire protection device shown in Fig. 4. Accordingly, in Fig. 5, the same reference numerals designate the same parts.

In contrast to the first embodiment of the tunnel construction according to the invention (Figure 4) of the Isolierstoffbahn 37 by cross-positioning anchor 31 on the concrete side expediently designed as a concrete screw 41 a anchoring area, which is screwed into the concrete lining 15 a. The nut 35 presses with a pressure washer 38, the WärrαeisolierStoffbahn 37 against the concrete lining. Preferably, between the pressure-distributing pressure washer 38 and the heat insulating material web 37 and / or between the surface of the Concrete lining 15 a and the heat insulating web 37 (Figure 5) a sealing disc 42, for example, from a permanently elastic sealing material arranged, which seals the Ankerdurchgriffsloch in the insulating sheet 37, so that from the concrete lining 15 a leaking water is not penetrated by the armature 31 through holes in the Heat insulating web 37 can penetrate.

A third preferred embodiment of a rock tunnel construction according to the invention results from FIG.

In this case, the same frame construction 23 is used as in the first two embodiments according to Fig.4 and Fig.5. Accordingly, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In contrast to the first two embodiments, a profiled rail 16, 90 is used, which has on the outside or on the rock side on its base web 96 in the direction of rock 150 a pointing spacer tabs or bolts 43. Against this spacer pin 43 is as Wasserabschirmelement a relatively inherently rigid plastic membrane 44 in eg 1 to 4 mm, in particular 2 to 3 mm thickness, for example made of polyethylene, set the surface 45 tunnel interior preferably has a rough support structure for lightweight concrete. Alternatively, other known holding structures such as nets or plug metal mats may be provided there. The bolts 43 have at the free end a parallel to the base web 96 extending surface element 46 to which the diaphragm 44 is supported and optionally attached, for example glued, may be. In this way, an open to the tunnel interior 17 receiving space 47 between the diaphragm 44 and the frame 23 is provided. This receiving space 47 is filled with a thermally insulating, eg mineral, preferably non-combustible, hardened lightweight concrete 48, wherein the rails 16,90 expediently in the lightweight concrete 48, 2.B. are embedded as far as possible, however, tunnel inside space on the surface of the lightweight concrete 48 are still accessible.

The bolts 43 continue to provide a permanent reinforcement between the lightweight concrete 48 and the frame 23 as well as the frame 23 is advantageously reinforcing when embedded in the lightweight concrete.

The anchors 31 pass through the lightweight concrete mortar 48 and the membrane 44, wherein on both sides of the membrane 44 in Durchgriffslochbereich holding plates 38 are pressed against the surfaces of the membrane. The pressure is ensured by the nut 39, which sits rock-wise on the thread 34 with respect to the membrane and is attracted via the holding plates 38 against the countermanding nut 35a which sits on the inside of the membrane with respect to the thread 34. In this case, at least on one side of the membrane 44 between the membrane 44 and a holding plate 38 a the Ankerdurchgriffsloch sealing gasket 42 is arranged. In this way, the membrane 44 is securely held.

In Figure 6, the arrangement of the tunnel construction according to the invention is shown arranged in a rock tunnel. This tunneling can also be arranged in a concrete pipe tunnel (Figure 7) by the expansion set with the water-shielding membrane 44 directly against the concrete lining 15a, eg glued, and the entire frame construction 23 including lightweight concrete concrete anchor anchors 31, which is a concrete screw 41a , is supported in the concrete lining 15a. In this case, the nut 35a presses the diaphragm 44 over the retaining plate 38 and the sealing washer 42 against the concrete lining 15a. As a lightweight concrete 48 for filling the receiving space 47, a so-called EPS cement is preferably used, for example, substantially 90 to 98 wt .-%, in particular 92 to 96 wt .-%, cement and 3 to 7, in particular 4 to 6 wt .-%, expanded polystyrene granules (Styrofoam) contains. From this EPS cement, a spray mortar is mixed in a conventional manner and injected into the receiving space 47. After hardening then there is a solid concrete. In case of fire, polystyrene decomposition products can escape. Toxic gases can, however, because of the foreclosure of the. Do not penetrate behind the fire protection panels 22 in damaging amounts in the tunnel interior 17. In addition, from the tunnel interior 17 due to the partitioning of the system behind the fire protection plates 22 but also no oxygen to solid concrete penetrate. The light-weight concrete is suitably reinforced with known reinforcing agents.

When using polyethylene foam sheets is controlled in case of fire behind the fire protection boards and decomposed without igniting the foam. The decomposition of the foam produces carbon dioxide and water, two non-flammable, non-toxic substances. Furthermore, water vapor and carbon dioxide prevent ignition, and the resulting overpressure limits the ingress of air or oxygen.

In the tunnel construction according to the invention thus the derivation of mountain water, the frost protection of the mountains / concrete and the non-freezing of the mountain water and fire protection are guaranteed. The tunnel construction is relatively simple and easy to install. In addition, almost all components of the tunnel construction consist of commercially available products and are thus available at relatively low cost. In addition, an inventive tunnel construction is relatively fast. An essential aspect of the invention is that the shell structures of the systems of tunnel construction according to the invention viewed from the interior of the tunnel are arranged one behind the other on anchors preferably immovable and optionally supported at a distance.

Claims

claims

1. Tunneling under a tunnel profile (14) of a tunnel structure, e.g. of a rock or concrete tube structure characterized by a multi-shell structure with

a) a tunnel-interior-side, vault-like, shell-shaped fire protection system (9) with a frame rail construction (23) with fire protection plates (22) mounted thereon,

b) an outwardly-following arched, shell-shaped heat insulation system (12) with heat-insulating material,

c) a tunnel profile side, arch-like, shell-shaped water shielding system of e.g. waterproof or water-repellent material,

in particular, the shell structures of the systems preferably successively on anchors (31) expediently e.g. are each held immovably held.

2. tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame rail construction (23) formed self-supporting and load-bearing and supported in the sole of the foot (17 a) of the tunnel structure and is preferably arranged also supported.

3. tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that the frame rail construction (23) is fixed to anchors (31) and is supported or supported with the anchors (31) in the wall of the tunnel profile (14).

4. tunnel construction according to claim 2 and / or 3, characterized in that the frame construction (23) is composed in a certain, in particular uniform, pitch composed of upright and laterally spaced vault struts (16 a) and horizontal, to the vault struts (16 a) , eg bolted, spaced, stiffening crossbars (18a), wherein expediently, the armature (31), the vault struts (16a) tightly pass through stock.

5. tunnel construction according to claim 4, characterized in that the vault struts (16a) e.g. consist of sheet steel and substantially U-shaped rails (16), in particular so-called Halfen rails (90).

6. tunnel construction according to claim 4 and / or 5, characterized in that the. Cross struts (16a) U-profile rails, e.g. made of sheet steel, are.

7. tunnel construction according to claim 5 and / or 6, characterized in that the U-shaped profile rails (16,90) of the vault struts (16a) are arranged with their ü-base web (96) tunnel profile side, and the U-profile rails (18) the transverse struts (18a) with their U-base web (18b) on the inside of the tunnel gen the vault struts (16 a) attached to this pushed, for example, screwed, are.

8. tunnel construction according to one or more of claims 1 to

7, characterized in that between the tunnel profile (14) and the frame rail construction (23) is provided a distance (23a) in which the Wasserabschirmsystem and the heat insulation system are housed at least with partial areas, preferably at least supported by the anchors (31) become.

9. tunnel construction according to one or more of claims 1 to

8, characterized in that the heat insulation system and the Wasserabschirmsystem are designed as a one-piece shell structure, and the shell structure substantially of water-impermeable foam plastic sheets, e.g. made of polyethylene, is constructed.

10. tunnel construction according to claim 9, characterized in that the one-piece shell structure at a distance from the tunnel profile (14) or directly on the tunnel profile (14) is arranged and with anchors (31) in the rock or in the concrete lining of the tunnel section (14) is supported ,

11. tunnel construction according to claim 10, characterized in that the shell structure with the same anchors (31) is supported, with which also the frame frame construction in the wall of the tunnel profile (14) is supported.

12. Tunnel construction according to one or more of claims 1 to 8 and 10 and 11, characterized in that

Thermal insulation system comprising a layer of lightweight concrete (48), e.g. consists of a lightweight concrete made of EPS cement, in which the frame construction (23) is expediently embedded.

13. tunnel construction according to claim 12, characterized in that the Wasserabschirmsystem in the form of a. self-stiffening e.g. largely self-supporting, waterproof plastic membrane (44) of e.g. 1 to 4 mm thick, e.g. made of polyethylene.

14. tunnel construction according to claim 13, characterized in that the membrane (44) is arranged tunnel profile side directly to the lightweight concrete shell and penetrated by the anchors (31) and advantageously also supported, wherein preferably the concrete-side surface is roughened adhesion with respect to the lightweight concrete.

15. tunnel lining according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that are used as fire protection plates (42) per se known mineral tunneling slabs, preferably bulk densities below 1000 kg / m ³ , in particular between 600 and 800 kg / m ³ , and are preferably designed in sandwich construction.

16. tunnel construction according to claim 15, characterized in that the tunneling panels are constructed in sandwich construction and have an enriched with glass microglass or expanded glass granules and / or expanded perlite granules, which is reinforced with glass fibers (Aestuver T fire protection boards or dicon tu fire protection boards), or so-called calcium cium silicate plates.

17. tunnel construction according to one or more of claims 7 to 16, characterized in that the fire protection plates (22) in the region of the Ü-profile rails (18) of the transverse struts (18 b) abut each other.

18. Tunnel construction according to claim 17, characterized in that the interior of the profile rails (18) is filled with a sealing material strip (42) which can protrude outwards over the rail.

19. tunnel construction according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the space between the fire protection plates (22) and the rock or the concrete lining with vertical bulkhead walls is partially sealed off.

20. tunnel construction according to one or more of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that the profiled rails (16, 90) on the outside at its base web (96) arranged outwardly projecting spacer tabs (43) against which the membrane (44) set, eg glued, is, with a tunnel interior (17) towards open receiving space (47) between the membrane (44) and the frame (23) or including frame (23) filled with the lightweight concrete (48).

21. tunnel construction according to one or more of claims 8 to 20, characterized in that the through holes of the armature (31) through the Wasserabschirmsystem and / or the thermal insulation system against penetration of water with sealing means, e.g. Sealing discs (42) made of an elastic material, are sealed.

22. tunnel construction according to one or more of claims 3 to 21, characterized in that the frame rail construction (23) and / or the Wasserabschirmschale and / or the heat insulating shell on the anchors (31) between two tightened, on a thread (34) of the armature shaft (33) seated, nuts (32, 35, 35a, 39) clamped or held with a nut (35) pressed against the concrete lining.

23. tunnel construction according to claim 22, characterized in that in the frame rail construction (23) the vault struts (16 a) are clamped.

24. tunnel lining according to claim 22 and / or 23, characterized in that the nuts (32, 35,35 a, 39) over larger, press pressure distributing holding plates (38) by clamping or pressing on the frame rail construction (23) and / or the water shielding shell and / or the heat insulating shell act.

25. tunnel construction according to one or more of claims 21 to 24, characterized in that between the holding plates (38) and the Wasserabschirmschale and / or the heat insulating shell, the sealing discs (42) are arranged.