Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C6/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a different number of carbon atoms by redistribution reactions
  • C07C6/02—Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond
  • C07C6/04—Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
  • C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
  • C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2531/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • C07C2531/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
  • C07C2531/24—Phosphines

Definitions

• ⁇ -functionalized internal olefins such as unsaturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acid esters
• ethylene produces valuable ⁇ , ⁇ -functionalized olefins and ⁇ -olefins as products, typically characterized by chain lengths intermediate between the chain lengths of the reactant olefins.
• methyl 9-octadecenoate methyl oleate
• ⁇ -Olefms such as 1- decene, find utility in the manufacture of ⁇ oly(olefm) polymers.
• Figure 2 illustrates a preferred embodiment of this invention for preparing methyl-9-decenoate and co-product 1-decene as illustrated for the input and output streams set forth in Table 2.
• the term "unfunctionalized” means that the ⁇ , ⁇ -terminal positions consist of methyl groups that are not substituted with any further functionality.
• the unfunctionalized internal olefin may be further characterized as symmetrical or unsymmetrical. In the symmetrical form the carbon chains on either side of the double bond are equal in length. The symmetrical form is referred to herein as an "unfunctionalized internal olefinic dimer.” hi the unsymmetrical form the carbon chains on either side of the double bond are unequal in length.
• step (d) introducing the second effluent stream from step (c) into a second separation zone under conditions sufficient to obtain a second output ⁇ -olefinic monomer stream represented by formula (2), an unconverted unfunctionalized internal olefinic dimer stream of formula (4), and an unconverted ethylene stream;
• each of R, R', w, w' and X is defined similarly to the respective definition set forth in formula (1), provided that each R, R', w, w', and X in formulas (2), (3), (4), and (5) is also identical to the corresponding group or number selected for formula (1).
• the invention provides for a continuous process of preparing methyl 9-decenoate and 1-decene comprising: (a) contacting in a first reaction zone methyl 9-octadecenoate (methyl oleate) and 1-decene in the presence of a ruthenium metathesis catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to prepare a first effluent stream comprising methyl 9-decenoate, 9-octadecene, unconverted methyl 9-octadecenoate, unconverted 1-decene, and optionally, dimethyl 9- octadecen- 1 , 18-dioate; (b) introducing the first effluent stream from step (a) into a first separation zone and recovering therefrom a methyl 9-decenoate stream, a 9-octadecene stream, an unconverted methyl 9-octadecenoate stream, a first output 1-de
• step (b) introducing the first effluent stream from step (a) into a first separation zone and recovering therefrom a methyl 9-decenoate stream, a 7-tetradecene stream, an unconverted methyl 9-hexadecenoate stream, a first output 1-octene stream, and optionally, a dimethyl 9-octadecen- 1,18-dioate stream;
• step (d) introducing the second effluent stream from step (c) into a second separation zone under conditions sufficient to obtain a second output 1-octene stream, an unconverted ethylene stream, and an unconverted 7-tetradecene stream; and (e) removing a portion of the first and/or second output 1— octene stream as product and cycling the balance of the first and second output 1-octene streams to the first reaction zone in step (a).
• An effluent stream comprising the ⁇ -olefin monomer having three or more carbon atoms, unconverted unfunctionalized olefin, and unconverted ethylene is obtained in effluent line (16) from the second metathesis reactor (13) and fed to the second separation zone (17).
• a top stream comprising unreacted ethylene is obtained in effluent line (18) from the second separation zone (17) and recycled via ethylene feed line (15) to the second metathesis reactor (13).
• a bottoms stream comprising unconverted unfunctionalized internal olefin is obtained via bottoms stream (22) and recycled to the second metathesis reactor (13) for further ethenolysis.
• a stream comprising the ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms (second output stream) is obtained from the second separation zone (17) through effluent line (20), a portion of which stream is recycled as feed to the first metathesis zone (3) via line (2).
• the balance of the ⁇ -olefinic monomer stream is typically bled off the second separation zone (17) via bleed line (19) as product for downstream utilities and for maintaining stoichiometry in the first metathesis zone (3).
• Any ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin that is capable of cross-metathesis with an ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms to form an ⁇ ,co-functionalized olefmic product may be employed in the process of this invention.
• ⁇ -functionalized internal olefins maybe represented by formula (1) hereinabove reproduced as follows:
• R and R' are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl diradicals, preferably, substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbyl diradicals, more preferably, alkylene or alkylidene diradicals, most preferably, methylene (-CH 2 -); w and w' are each independently a whole number ranging from 0 to about 20, preferably, from about 3 to about 12; and X is a polar functional group, preferably, a polar functional group selected from carboxylic acid, ester, formyl, and dialkylamide groups.
• R or R' each contains at least about 1 or 2 carbon atoms. IfR or R' is substituted, the substituent(s) may comprise any group or groups that are substantially non-reactive in the metathesis process. Suitable substituents include, without limitation, C 1-2O alkyl, C 2-2 O alkenyl, C 2-25 alkynyl, C 5-20 cycloalkyl, C 5-20 aryl, C 6-20 alkylaryl, C 6-20 arylalkyl, hydroxy, halo, ester, keto, ether, amide, and carbonate groups. More preferably, X is a carboxylic acid or an ester functionality; and the ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin comprises an unsaturated fatty acid or unsaturated fatty acid ester.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable unsaturated fatty acids that may be used in the process of this invention include 3-hexenoic (hydrosorbic), trans-2-heptenoic, 2- octenoic, 2-nonenoic, cis- and trans-4-decenoic, 9-decenoic (caproleic), 10-undecenoic
• an unsaturated fatty acid ester is an ester product of an unsaturated fatty acid and an alcohol.
• the alcohol can be any monohydric, dihydric, or polyhydric alcohol that is capable of condensing with the unsaturated fatty acid to form the corresponding unsaturated fatty acid ester.
• the alcohol contains from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms (C 1-2O ), preferably, from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms (C 1-12 ), and more preferably, from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms (Cu$).
• the alcohol is a C 1-12 mono-alkanol.
• a preferred ester is a methyl ester.
• Suitable unsaturated fatty acid esters can be obtained by transesterification of plant and vegetable oils, including castor, olive, peanut, rapeseed, corn, sesame, cottonseed, soybean, sunflower, safflower, linseed, canola, palm, and like seed oils, as well as animal fats, such as whale oils. Oils exist in nature as the triglyceride esters of fatty acids.
• transesterification of an oil is defined as a process wherein glycerol of the triglyceride is replaced with a different alcohol, preferably, a lower mono- alkanol, namely, a C 1-12 mono-alkanol.
• the term "monomer” shall refer to a molecule of single ⁇ -olefin, i.e., a form of lowest molecular weight; as contrasted, for example, with a “dimer” wherein two of the monomers are combined into a molecule of twice (or near twice) the molecular weight of the monomer.
• the ⁇ -olefinic monomer is not functionalized with polar groups, but may contain alkyl or other non-polar substituents along the carbon chain.
• suitable ⁇ -olefinic monomers include propylene, 1- butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, and the like.
• the ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms is a C 3-15 ⁇ -olefin. More preferably, the ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms is a C 6-12 ⁇ -olefin, and most preferably, either 1-octene or 1-decene. It should be appreciated by one skilled in the art that if R and w in formula (2) are not identical to R and w in formula (1), then the process of this invention is still valid and operable; but the process leads to additional olefinic products and additional separation requirements.
• the ⁇ — functionalized internal olefin and the ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms may be fed to the first reaction zone in any amounts that provide for an operable metathesis process.
• the molar ratio of ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin to ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms is greater than about 0.05/1.0, preferably, greater than about 0.3/1.0.
• the molar ratio of ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin to ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms is less than about 2.0/1.0, preferably, less than about 1.3/1.0, and more preferably, less than about 1.0/1.0.
• the first metathesis in step (a) in the first reaction zone can be started up with commercial feeds of the ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin and the ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms. While the ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin is a required feed, only a start-up quantity of the ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms is needed, for the reason that the overall process of this invention generates among other products the ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms. A portion of this ⁇ -olefinic monomer product maybe removed for downstream utilities; but the balance of the ⁇ -olefinic monomer product is cycled back to the first reaction zone for use as feed to process step (a).
• a suitable start-up quantity ot ⁇ -oletinic monomer is any quantity that satisfies the range set forth hereinbefore of the molar ratio of ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin to ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms.
• the first metathesis in the first reaction zone can be started up with a commercial feed of ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin absent the ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms.
• Homo-metathesis of the ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin produces unfunctionalized internal olefin, which in the second reaction zone produces ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms as a product.
• the process can be run for a time with only ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin fed to step (a), until the feed of ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms builds up to a useful quantity to sustain the process in the first reaction zone of step (a).
• a liquid diluent maybe desirably added to the reactant feed to step (a), although liquid diluents tend to increase recycle requirements and costs.
• a liquid diluent may be desirable, however, when the ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin and the ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms are not entirely miscible, that is, when they substantially do not exist as a one phase solution.
• the liquid diluent can be any thermally stable and chemically stable liquid that is also miscible with the reactant olefins.
• thermally stable means that the liquid diluent does not substantially decompose at the process temperature.
• chemically stable means that the liquid diluent is essentially non-reactive with the olefinic reactants and products; and also implies that the liquid diluent does not substantially coordinate with or bond to the metathesis catalyst in a manner that negatively impacts catalyst performance.
• miscible means that the liquid diluent and olefinic reactants form a homogeneous solution essentially without phase separation.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable liquid diluents include aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, and the like; chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably chlorinated benzenes, such as chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene; alkanes, such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, and the like; and chlorinated alkanes, such as methylene chloride and chloroform.
• the quantity of liquid diluent employed will depend upon the specific olefinic reactants and catalyst. One skilled in the art can readily determine an appropriate quantity of diluent. As a guideline, an amount of liquid diluent ranging from about 10 weight percent to about IUU weight percent, based on the weight of the ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin, may be suitably employed.
• the ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin is usually fed to the reactor as a neat liquid or in a solution with the liquid diluent.
• the ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms may be fed to the reactor in a gas or liquid phase depending upon the boiling properties of the ⁇ -olefin and the operating conditions in the reactor.
• the metathesis process in the first reaction zone can be conducted under an inert gaseous atmosphere, so as to minimize interference by oxygen. Suitable inert atmospheres include, without limitation, helium, neon, argon, nitrogen, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the metathesis process in the first reaction zone is conducted in a single liquid phase under sufficient hydrostatic pressure essentially to keep any reactant and product gases in solution.
• a stabilizing ligand may be added to the metathesis catalyst and/or process in the first reaction zone.
• the stabilizing ligand may be any molecule or ion that promotes catalyst stability in the metathesis process, as measured, for example, by increased activity or extended catalyst lifetime, as compared with a process run with identical reactants and an identical catalyst under identical process conditions but in the absence of stabilizing ligand.
• Non-limiting examples of stabilizing ligands include tri(alkyl)phosphines, such as tricyclohexylphosphine, tricyclopentylphosphine, and tributylphosphine; tri(aryl)phosphines, such as tri(phenyl)phosphine, tri(methylphenyl)phosphine (ortho, meta, and para substituted isomers), and tri(p- fiuorophenyl)phosphine; diarylalkylphosphines, for example, diphenylcyclohexylphosphine; dialkylarylphosphines, such as dicyclohexylphenylphosphine; ethers, such as anisole; pyridines, such as 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 2-t-butylpyridine, 2,6-difluoropyridine, and 2- methylpyridine; phosphine oxides, such as triphenylphosphine
• the stabilizing ligand is a tri(alkyl)phosphine, more preferably, tri(cyclohexyl) ⁇ hosphine.
• the quantity of stabilizing ligand can vary, however, depending upon the specific catalyst employed and its specific ligand components.
• the molar ratio of stabilizing ligand to catalyst is greater than about 0.05/1, and preferably, greater than about 0.5/1.
• the molar ratio of stabilizing ligand to catalyst is less than about 2.0/1, and preferably, less than about 1.5/1.
• the first metathesis catalyst may be any compound or complex that is capable of facilitating a cross-metathesis reaction of the ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin with the ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms to form an ⁇ , ⁇ -functionalized olefin.
• the catalyst may also promote homo-metathesis of the ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms to form an unsubstituted internal olefinic dimer, as described hereinafter.
• Suitable catalysts exhibit a tolerance to functional groups, such as carboxylic acid, ester, formyl, alcohol, and dialkylamide groups.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable catalysts include first-generation and second-generation Grubbs catalysts comprising ruthenium and osmium complexes, Hoveyda catalysts comprising ruthenium and osmium complexes, Schrock catalysts comprising molybdenum complexes, as known in the art and as disclosed in the following references, all incorporated herein by reference: M. Sholl, M., S. Ding, C. W. Lee, and R. H. Grubbs, Organic Letters, 1999, 1, 953; Kingsbury, J., et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1999, 121, pp. 791-799; W. A.
• a preferred metathesis catalyst comprises a ruthenium or osmium metathesis complex, more preferably, a first-generation or second-generation Grubbs ruthenium complex.
• a preferred form of the Grubbs catalysts may be represented by the following formula (6):
• Preferred examples of second- generation Grubbs catalysts include: tricyclohexylphosphine[l,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2- ylidene] [benzylidene]ruthenium dichloride; tricyclohexylphosphine[l,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2- ylidene] [benzylidene]ruthenium dibromide; tricyclohexylpriosphine[l,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2- ylidene] [benzylidene]ruthenium diiodide;
• ruthenium complexes represented by formula (7):
• Y being more preferably O, S, N, or P; each R 4 is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and substituted aryl radicals sufficient to satisfy the valency of Y, preferably such that Y is formally neutral; b is an integer, preferably 0 to about 2, representing the total number of R 4 radicals; and Z is an organic diradical that is bonded to both Y and the carbene carbon (C) so as to form a bidentate ligand, which ligand in connection with the M atom forms a ring of from about 4 to about 8 atoms.
• Z is selected from the following diradicals: ethylene (10), vinylene (11), phenylene (12), substituted vinylenes (13), substituted phenylenes (14), naphthylene (15), substituted naphthylenes (16), piperazindiyl (17), piperidiyl (18):
• each R" may be, as noted above, selected from hydrogen, alkyl, preferably, C 1-15 alkyl; cycloalkyl, preferably, C 3-8 cycloalkyl; and aryl, preferably, C 6-15 aryl, radicals; and wherein each n is an integer from 1 to about 4.
• each T is independently selected from Cl and Br, and PCy 3 is tricyclohexylphosphine.
• the first metathesis catalyst for process step (a) comprises, preferably, a homogeneous catalyst (i.e., a catalyst dissolved in the liquid reaction mixture)
• the catalyst may alternatively be bound to or deposited on any conventional catalyst support, such as silica, alumina, silica-alumina, aluminosilicates, titania, titanosilicates, carbon, reticulated cross-linked polystyrenes, and the like.
• a catalyst support is used, generally, the catalyst is loaded onto the support in an amount that is greater than about 0.01 weight percent catalytic metal, and preferably, greater than about 0.05 weight percent catalytic metal, based on the total weight of the catalyst plus support.
• the catalyst is loaded onto the support in an amount that is less than about 20 weight percent catalytic metal, and preferably, less than about 10 weight percent catalytic metal, based on the total weight of the catalyst and support.
• the metathesis process in the first reaction zone can be conducted in any conventional reactor suitably designed to accommodate such as process.
• the first reaction zone is run in the liquid phase only, as mentioned hereinbefore.
• the process temperature is greater than about -1O 0 C, preferably, greater than about 0 0 C.
• the process temperature is less than about 15O 0 C, preferably, less than about 12O 0 C.
• the total pressure in the reactor is sufficient to maintain ethylene in the liquid phase without substantial bubbling.
• the total pressure is greater than about 5 psig (34.5 kPa), more preferably, greater than about 100 psig (689 kPa), and most preferably, greater than about 200 psig (1,379 kPa).
• the total pressure is less than about 1,000 psig (6,895 kPa) for design considerations.
• the two functional substituents are identical.
• the metathesis of methyl oleate with 1-decene yields the cross-metathesis product methyl 9-deceneoate and metathesis products 9-octadecene and, optionally, dimethyl 9-octadecen-l,18-dioate. Since these processes run to equilibrium, the product mixtures usually further comprise unconverted ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin and unconverted ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms.
• the ⁇ , ⁇ -functionalized olefin may be represented by formula (3) hereinabove, reproduced as follows:
• R' is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl diradical, preferably, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbyl diradical, more preferably, an alkylene or alkylidene diradical, most preferably, methylene (-CH 2 -);
• w' is a whole number ranging from 0 to about 20, preferably, from about 3 to about 12; and
• X is a polar functional group, preferably, a polar functional group selected from carboxylic acid, ester, formyl, and dialkylamide groups; provided tnat eacn R', w', and X in formula (3) is identical to their respective counterpart selected in formula (1).
• unfunctionalized means that the ⁇ , co-terminal positions of the unfunctionalized internal olefin comprise methyl groups that are not substituted with any further functionality.
• internal carbon positions of the unfunctionalized internal olefin for example, represented by R in formula (4), are permitted to be substituted with a variety of substituents as noted hereinbefore.
• the ⁇ ,oo-difunctionalized internal olefinic dimer may be represented by formula (5) hereinabove, reproduced as follows:
• each R' is identical and is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl diradical, preferably, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbyl diradical, more preferably, an alkylene or alkylidene diradical, most preferably, methylene (-CH 2 -); each w' is identical and is a whole number ranging from 0 to about 20, preferably, from about 3 to about 12; and each X is identical and is a polar functional group, preferably, a polar functional group selected from carboxylic acid, ester, formyl, and dialkylamide groups; provided that each R', w', and X in formula (5) is also identical to its respective counterpart selected in formula (1). More preferably, X in the formulas is a carboxylic acid or ester functionality.
• the metathesis catalyst can be removed from the resulting product effluent by any method known in the art for such metal removal.
• a preferred method is described in WO-A2-2004/037754, incorporated herein by reference, which teaches removal of a metathesis catalyst, and preferably, ruthenium, from a metathesis product effluent by contacting the effluent with an adsorbent, such as carbon, or alternatively, by distilling the product effluent in a short-path wiped film evaporator to obtain a distillate essentially devoid of catalytic metal. Conditions for the adsorbent method and the distillation method are presented in WO-A2-2004/037754.
• the effluent stream from the first reactor comprising the ⁇ , ⁇ -functionalized olefin, the unfunctionalized internal olefin, unconverted ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin, unconverted ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms, and optional ⁇ , ⁇ >difunctionalized internal olefin, is introduced into a first separation zone for separation into substantially pure streams of each constituent component present in the effluent.
• the first separation zone is conventional in design and may include distillation, extraction, extractive distillation, crystallization, and/or chromatographic methods, as may be applicable to the organic compounds being separated.
• One skilled in the art will know how to design such a separation means for the specific effluent to be separated.
• a preferred embodiment of the first separation zone comprises a distillation train. Distillation of the metathesis product stream from the first reaction zone in a first distillation column produces a top stream comprising the ⁇ ,co-functionalized olefin and the unreacted ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms, and a bottoms stream comprising unreacted ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin, unfunctionalized internal olefin, and optionally, ⁇ , ⁇ -difunctionalized internal olefinic dimer.
• the top stream is preferably processed in a second distillation column to recover the desired ⁇ , ⁇ -functionalized olefin product stream and a first output stream of unconverted ⁇ -olefin having three or more carbon atoms, the latter of which is typically recycled at least in part back to the first metathesis reaction zone.
• the bottoms stream from the first distillation column is distilled in a third distillation column to recover an unconverted ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin stream, an unfunctionalized internal olefin stream, and if any, an ⁇ , ⁇ -difunctionalized internal olefinic dimer stream.
• a portion of the unconverted ⁇ -functionalized internal olefin stream and a portion of the ⁇ , ⁇ -difunctionalized internal olefinic dimer stream, if any, may be recycled to the first metathesis reactor of step (a).
• the quantities of recycled materials depend upon the mass balance and stoichiometry requirements of the metathesis process of the first metathesis reaction of step (a).
• distillation of the metathesis product stream in a tirst distillation column produces a top stream comprising the desired product methyl 9-decenoate and the unreacted 1-decene, and a bottoms stream comprising methyl 9-octadecenoate, 9-octadecene, and if any, dimethyl 9-octadecen-l,18- dioate.
• the bottoms stream from the first column is introduced into a third distillation column to recover an unconverted methyl oleate stream, a 9-octadecene stream, and if any, a dimethyl 9-octadecen-l,18-dioate stream.
• the third distillation column can be suitably operated at a temperature greater than about 150°C (423K) and less than about 252°C (525K) and at a pressure greater than about 0.13 kPa and less than about 6.6 kPa. Both unconverted methyl oleate and a portion of the dimethyl 9-octadecen-l,18-dioate stream, if any, maybe recycled to the first metathesis reactor of step (a).
• the unfunctionalized internal olefin preferably comprising 9-octadecene
• the unfunctionalized internal olefin is introduced with an ethylene feed into a second metathesis reaction zone wherein the aforementioned olefin reactants are contacted with a second metathesis catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to generate as a product ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms, preferably, 1-decene.
• Grubbs catalysts such as those disclosed in WO 96/04289 and WO 02/083742, are typically not used in the ethenolysis step.
• Suitable process conditions for the ethenolysis are also disclosed in the art.
• the molar ratio of ethylene to unfunctionalized internal olefin typically may range from about 0.4: 1 to about 10: 1.
• the process temperature of the ethenolysis is typically greater than about 120°C. Typically, the process temperature less than about 21O 0 C.
• the process pressure is typically greater than about 300 psig (2,068 IcPa).
• the process pressure is typically less than about 525 (3,619 fcPa).
• the effluent from the second reaction zone (ethenolysis) is fed to a second separation zone of conventional design for separating the effluent stream comprising ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms, unconverted ethylene, and unconverted unfunctionalized internal olefin.
• the second separation zone comprises at least one distillation column from which a top stream of unconverted ethylene is obtained, which typically is recycled to the second metathesis reactor for feed to the ethenolysis reaction.
• the distillation yields a fraction comprising a second output ⁇ -olefinic monomer stream, the monomer having three or more carbon atoms; while a bottom fraction is recovered comprising unfunctionalized internal olefin which is typically recycled to the second reaction zone for further ethenolysis.
• a portion of the second output stream comprising ⁇ -olefinic monomer having three or more carbon atoms may be removed as product; the balance may be cycled to the first metathesis reaction zone, the cycled portion depending upon the process stoichiometry in the first metathesis reaction zone.
• the feed to the second separation zone comprises 1-decene, unconverted ethylene, and unconverted 9-octadecene.
• Methyl oleate (Aldrich) was degassed and purified over a column of alumina. An amount of alumina was employed equal to 50 percent of the weight of the methyl oleate.
• the purified and degassed methyl oleate (6.0147g, 20.1 mmol) and 1-decene (6.277Og, 40.3 mmol) were combined with tetradecane (1.0549g, internal standard) and a stir bar in a heavy walled glass reactor (Ace #8648- 135), which was capped with a rubber septum.
• Tricyclohexylphosphine[ 1 ,3 -bis- (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]benzylidene ruthenium(IV)dichloride (1.16 mg, 0.00125 mmol), a Grubbs catalyst, was dissolved in toluene (2.50 mL) and the resulting catalyst solution (0.25 mL; 0.000116 mmol catalyst) was loaded in a gas tight syringe and capped. The molar ratio of methyl oleate to 1 -decene was 1/2. Both the reactor and syringe were removed from the glove box to a laboratory bench. The catalyst solution was added in one portion to the reactor through the septum.
• MDEC SEL 100 x ((MDEC + isoMDEC) ⁇ (MDEC + isoMDEC + 2*(c- DIESTER + 1- DIESTER)))
• MDEC is methyl 9-decenoate
• isoMDEC is isomerized methyl 9-decenoate i.e. methyl 8-decenoate
• c-DIESTER is cis diester
• t-DIESTER is trans diester
• c-OCTA is cis octadecene
• t-OCTA is trans octadecene
• iso-OCTA is an unidentified isomer of octadecene as found in the GC;

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=37311379

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (60)

Family Cites Families (17)

• 2006
  • 2006-06-02 BR BRPI0613242-1A patent/BRPI0613242A2/pt active Search and Examination
  • 2006-06-02 WO PCT/US2006/021232 patent/WO2006132902A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2006-06-02 JP JP2008515764A patent/JP5437628B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-06-02 EP EP06771803.1A patent/EP1896385B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2006-06-02 CN CN2006800201095A patent/CN101193840B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-06-02 US US11/915,794 patent/US7812185B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-06-02 CA CA2610571A patent/CA2610571C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events