WO2006121008A1 - 投影光学系、露光装置、および露光方法 - Google Patents
投影光学系、露光装置、および露光方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006121008A1 WO2006121008A1 PCT/JP2006/309253 JP2006309253W WO2006121008A1 WO 2006121008 A1 WO2006121008 A1 WO 2006121008A1 JP 2006309253 W JP2006309253 W JP 2006309253W WO 2006121008 A1 WO2006121008 A1 WO 2006121008A1
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- optical system
- optical element
- liquid
- optical
- projection optical
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70808—Construction details, e.g. housing, load-lock, seals or windows for passing light in or out of apparatus
- G03F7/70825—Mounting of individual elements, e.g. mounts, holders or supports
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/06—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of fluids in transparent cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0892—Catadioptric systems specially adapted for the UV
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2041—Exposure; Apparatus therefor in the presence of a fluid, e.g. immersion; using fluid cooling means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70341—Details of immersion lithography aspects, e.g. exposure media or control of immersion liquid supply
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/02—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/33—Immersion oils, or microscope systems or objectives for use with immersion fluids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a projection optical system, an exposure apparatus, and an exposure method, and in particular, a projection apparatus suitable for use in manufacturing a microdevice such as a semiconductor element or a liquid crystal display element by photolithography. It relates to an optical system.
- a photosensitive substrate (a wafer coated with a photoresist, a pattern image of a mask (or a reticle), a projection optical system, and the like, as in a photolithographic process for producing a semiconductor element, etc.
- An exposure apparatus for projecting and exposing onto a glass plate or the like is used. In the exposure apparatus, as the degree of integration of semiconductor elements and the like is improved, the resolution (resolution) required for the projection optical system is further increased.
- the resolution of the projection optical system is represented by k ′ ZNA (k is a process coefficient). Also, assuming that the refractive index of the medium (usually a gas such as air) between the projection optical system and the photosensitive substrate is n and the maximum incident angle to the photosensitive substrate is n. It is represented by n-sin ⁇ .
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. WO 2004 Z 019128 Pamphlet
- the image-side numerical aperture of the immersion type projection optical system is set to be larger than, for example, 1.2 while under force, a boundary lens in which the incident surface is in contact with gas and the emission surface is in contact with the liquid
- the holding tab for holding the boundary lens is located near the liquid on the exit surface side, and the liquid (immersion liquid) easily intrudes into the projection optical system.
- the liquid intrudes into the inside of the projection optical system the anti-reflection film on the optical surface is deteriorated, and the risk of impairing the imaging performance (generally, the optical performance) of the projection optical system becomes high.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and prevents immersion of a liquid (immersion liquid) into the inside of an optical system, and is capable of maintaining good imaging performance.
- the purpose is to provide a projection optical system.
- the present invention uses a high-resolution immersion projection optical system that can prevent liquid from entering the interior of the optical system and maintain good imaging performance, thereby achieving high precision for fine patterns. It is an object of the present invention to provide an exposure apparatus and an exposure method capable of performing stable and stable projection exposure.
- the image of the first surface is transferred through a liquid.
- the projection optical system includes a boundary optical element in which the first surface side is in contact with a gas and the second surface side is in contact with the liquid.
- the projection optical system is characterized in that the entrance surface of the boundary optical element has a convex shape toward the first surface, and a groove is formed so as to surround the effective area of the exit surface of the boundary optical element. provide.
- a projection optical system for projecting an image of a first surface onto a second surface through a liquid
- the projection optical system includes a boundary optical element in which the first surface side is in contact with a gas and the second surface side is in contact with the liquid.
- the boundary optical element includes an incident surface having a convex shape facing the first surface, and a holding tab provided on a holding surface perpendicular to the optical axis.
- a projection optical system is provided, wherein a space is formed between the holding tab and the optical axis.
- an illumination system for illuminating a pattern set on the first surface
- an projection system for projecting an image of the pattern on a photosensitive substrate set on the second surface
- an exposure apparatus comprising the projection optical system of the first form or the second form.
- an image of a pattern set on the first surface through the projection optical system of the first or second form is formed on the photosensitive substrate set on the second surface.
- the other optical surface of the optical element has a convex shape
- a groove is formed so as to surround an effective area of the one optical surface.
- An optical element is provided.
- one optical surface is in contact with a liquid, and the other optical surface has a convex shape.
- a holding tab provided on a holding surface perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical element for holding the optical element
- an optical element characterized in that a space is formed between the holding tab and the optical axis.
- an immersion objective optical system comprising the optical element of the sixth or seventh aspect,
- the present invention provides an immersion objective optical system characterized in that the optical element is disposed closest to the liquid side.
- the force holding optical fiber of the boundary optical element (boundary lens) is positioned near the liquid on the exit surface side.
- a groove is formed so as to surround the effective area of the exit surface of the projection, so that the action of the groove makes it difficult for the liquid to enter between the holding tab and the lens chamber hold, and further the inside of the projection optical system. Liquid is less likely to penetrate.
- the penetration of liquid (immersion liquid) into the interior of the optical system can be prevented, and good imaging performance can be maintained.
- the exposure apparatus and the exposure method of the present invention use a high resolution immersion projection optical system that can prevent the liquid from entering the inside of the optical system and maintain good imaging performance. Fine patterns can be projected and exposed with high precision and stability, and thus good microdevices can be manufactured with high precision and stability.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of an exposure apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing the positional relationship between a rectangular still exposure area formed on a wafer and a reference optical axis in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a view schematically showing a configuration between a boundary lens and a wafer in each example of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a lens configuration of a projection optical system which may be included in the first example of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing lateral aberration in the projection optical system of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a lens configuration of a projection optical system according to a second example of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 shows transverse aberration in the projection optical system of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a view for explaining a disadvantage when the image side numerical aperture of the liquid immersion type projection optical system is set large.
- FIG. 9 is a view schematically showing a characteristic main part configuration of a projection optical system according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10 This is a flowchart of the method for obtaining a semiconductor device as a microdevice.
- FIG. 11 It is a flowchart of the method at the time of obtaining the liquid crystal display element as a micro device.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of an exposure apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the X axis and the Y axis are set in a direction parallel to the wafer W, and the Z axis is set in a direction orthogonal to the wafer W. More specifically, the XY plane is set parallel to the horizontal plane, and the + Z axis is set upward along the vertical direction!
- the exposure apparatus of the present embodiment is, for example, an ArF exci-
- the illumination optical system 1 includes a laser light source, an optical 'integrator (homogenizer), a field stop, and a condenser lens and the like.
- An exposure light (exposure beam) IL consisting of ultraviolet pulse light with a wavelength of 193 nm from which the light source power is also emitted passes through the illumination optical system 1 and illuminates the reticle (mask) R.
- a pattern to be transferred is formed on reticle R, and a rectangular (slit-like) pattern area having a long side along the X direction and a short side along the Y direction out of the entire pattern area is illuminated. Be done.
- the light having passed through the reticle R is transferred to the exposure area on the wafer (photosensitive substrate) W coated with the photoresist through the immersion type projection optical system PL at a predetermined reduction projection magnification.
- a rectangular shape having a long side along the X direction and a short side along the Y direction on the wafer W so as to optically correspond to a rectangular illumination area on the reticle R.
- the pattern image is formed in the static exposure area (effective exposure area) of
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a positional relationship between a rectangular still exposure area (ie, effective exposure area) formed on a wafer in the present embodiment and a reference optical axis.
- a circular area (image circle) IF having a radius B centered on the reference optical axis AX (image circle) is placed in the IF, and an axis in the Y direction from the reference optical axis AX
- a rectangular effective exposure area ER having a desired size is set at a position separated by the removal amount A.
- the length in the X direction of the effective exposure region ER is LX
- the length in the Y direction is LY. Therefore, on the force reticle R (not shown), the effective exposure area ER is located at a distance from the reference optical axis AX in the Y direction by the distance corresponding to the off-axis amount A corresponding to the rectangular effective exposure area ER.
- a rectangular illumination area (that is, an effective illumination area) having a corresponding size and shape is formed.
- Reticle R is held parallel to the XY plane on reticle stage RST, and reticle stage RST incorporates a mechanism for finely moving reticle R in the X direction, Y direction, and rotational direction.
- reticle stage RST incorporates a mechanism for finely moving reticle R in the X direction, Y direction, and rotational direction.
- the positions in the X direction, Y direction and rotational direction are measured and controlled in real time by a reticle laser interferometer (not shown).
- Wafer W is fixed parallel to the XY plane on Z stage 9 via a wafer holder (not shown).
- Z stage 9 is moved along an XY plane substantially parallel to the image plane of projection optical system PL. It is fixed on the moving XY stage 10 and controls the focus position (position in the ⁇ direction) and the tilt angle of the wafer W. The position of the X direction, the ⁇ direction and the rotational direction is measured and controlled in real time by a wafer laser interferometer 13 using a movable mirror 12 provided on the ⁇ stage 9 and the ⁇ ⁇ stage 9 is controlled.
- the crucible stage 10 is mounted on the base 11 and controls the X direction, the wedge direction, and the rotational direction of the wafer W.
- the main control system 14 provided in the exposure apparatus of this embodiment is based on the measurement values measured by the reticle laser interferometer! /, The position of the reticle R in the X direction, Make adjustments. That is, the main control system 14 transmits a control signal to a mechanism incorporated in the reticle stage RST and moves the reticle stage RST finely to adjust the position of the reticle R.
- the main control system 14 aligns the surface on the wafer W with the image plane of the projection optical system PL by the autofocus method and the auto leveling method, the focus position (position in the Z direction) of the wafer W and Adjust the tilt angle. That is, the main control system 14 transmits a control signal to the wafer stage drive system 15 and drives the Z stage 9 by the wafer stage drive system 15 to adjust the focus position and the inclination angle of the wafer W.
- the main control system 14 adjusts the position of the wafer W in the X direction, the Y direction, and the rotational direction based on the measurement values measured by the wafer laser interferometer 13. That is, the main control system 14 transmits a control signal to the wafer stage drive system 15 and drives the XY stage 10 by the wafer stage drive system 15 to adjust the position of the wafer W in the X direction, Y direction and rotation direction. Do.
- main control system 14 is incorporated in reticle stage RST, and sends a control signal to the mechanism, and sends a control signal to wafer stage drive system 15, thereby projecting the projection magnification of projection optical system PL.
- the pattern image of the reticle R is projected and exposed in a predetermined shot area on the wafer W while driving the reticle stage RST and the XY stage 10 at a speed ratio according to the above.
- the main control system 14 transmits a control signal to the wafer stage drive system 15 to drive the XY stage 10 by the wafer stage drive system 15 to step-move another shot area on the wafer W to the exposure position.
- the pattern image of the reticle R is transferred onto the wafer W by the step 'and' scan method.
- the operation of scanning and exposing upward is repeated. That is, in the present embodiment, while controlling the position of reticle R and wafer W using wafer stage drive system 15 and wafer laser interferometer 13 etc., the short side direction of the rectangular static exposure area and static illumination area is detected.
- the reticle stage RST and the XY stage 10 along the Y direction are moved (scanned) synchronously with the reticle scale and the wafer W, so that the long side of the still exposure area on the wafer W
- a reticle pattern is scan-exposed to a region equal to LX and having a width and a length corresponding to the scanning amount (moving amount) of the wafer W.
- FIG. 3 is a view schematically showing a configuration between the boundary lens and the wafer in each example of the present embodiment.
- the surface on the reticle R side (object side) is in contact with the second liquid Lm2
- the surface on the wafer W side (image side) is the first.
- the in-liquid parallel flat plate Lp in contact with the liquid Lml is disposed closest to the wafer.
- a boundary lens (boundary optical element) Lb is disposed adjacent to the in-liquid parallel flat plate Lp with the surface on the reticle R side in contact with the gas and the surface on the wafer W side in contact with the second liquid Lm2.
- pure water readily available in large quantities at a semiconductor manufacturing plant etc. as a first liquid Lml and a second liquid Lm2 having a refractive index greater than 1.1 (deionized water ) Is used.
- the boundary lens Lb is a positive lens having a convex surface on the reticle R side and a flat surface on the reticle W side.
- the boundary lens Lb and the liquid parallel flat plate Lp are both made of quartz and quartz. This is because when the boundary lens Lb or the liquid parallel flat plate Lp is formed of fluorite, the fluorite has the property of being soluble in water (soluble), and it is difficult to stably maintain the imaging performance of the projection optical system. It is because
- fluorite in fluorite, it is known that the internal refractive index distribution has a high frequency component, and variations in the refractive index including this high frequency component may cause the occurrence of flare, and thus imaging of the projection optical system It is easy to reduce the performance.
- fluorite is known to have intrinsic birefringence, and in order to maintain good imaging performance of the projection optical system, it is necessary to correct the influence of the intrinsic birefringence. Therefore, it is preferable to form the boundary lens Lb and the in-liquid parallel flat plate Lp of quartz from the viewpoint of solubility of fluorite, high frequency component of refractive index distribution and intrinsic birefringence.
- the boundary lens of the projection optical system PL from the start to the end of the scanning exposure
- the technology disclosed in International Publication No. WO 99 Z 49 504 and the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-303114. Etc. can be used.
- a liquid adjusted to a predetermined temperature from a liquid supply device through a supply pipe and a discharge nozzle is used as an optical path between a boundary lens Lb and a mirror W.
- Supply to fill, and the liquid supply device collects the liquid on the wafer W through the recovery pipe and the inflow nozzle.
- the wafer holder table is configured in a container shape so as to be able to store the liquid, and the center of the inner bottom portion ,) Wafer W is positioned and held by vacuum suction. Further, the end of the lens barrel of the projection optical system PL extends into the liquid, so that the optical surface on the wafer side of the boundary lens Lb extends into the liquid.
- the first water supply / drainage mechanism 21 is used to circulate pure water as the first liquid Lml in the optical path between the in-liquid parallel flat plate Lp and the wafer W. I am doing it.
- pure water as the second liquid Lm2 is circulated in the light path between the boundary lens Lb and the in-liquid parallel flat plate Lp using the second water supply / drainage mechanism 22.
- pure water as the immersion liquid at a small flow rate, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the liquid by the effects such as antiseptic and antifungal.
- the aspheric surface has a height in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis as y, and the tangential force at the vertex of the aspheric surface is the optical axis up to the position on the aspheric surface at the height y.
- Letting z be the distance (sag amount) along r, r be the radius of curvature of the apex, K be the conical coefficient, and C be the aspheric coefficient of order ⁇ , it is expressed by the following equation (a).
- a lens surface formed in an aspheric surface shape is marked with an * mark on the right side of the surface number.
- the projection optical system PL is disposed on the object surface (first surface).
- a second intermediate image of the reticle pattern based on a first imaging optical system Gl for forming a first intermediate image of the pattern of the reticle R placed and a light of the first intermediate image power (an image of the first intermediate image Therefore, based on the light of the second imaging optical system G2 for forming the secondary image of the reticle pattern and the light of the second intermediate image power, on the wafer W disposed on the image surface (the second surface)
- a third imaging optical system G3 for forming a final image of the reticle pattern (a reduced image of the reticle pattern).
- the first imaging optical system G1 and the third imaging optical system G3 are both dioptric systems
- the second imaging optical system G2 is a catadioptric system including a concave reflecting mirror CM.
- a first plane reflecting mirror (first deflection mirror) Ml is disposed, and a second imaging optical system is provided.
- a second plane reflecting mirror (second deflecting mirror) M2 is disposed in the light path between G2 and the third imaging optical system G3.
- the first imaging optical system G1 and the third imaging optical system G3 have an optical axis AX1 and an optical axis AX3 linearly extending along the vertical direction.
- the optical axis AX1 and the optical axis AX3 coincide with the reference optical axis AX.
- the second imaging optical system G2 has an optical axis AX2 (vertical to the reference optical axis AX) extending linearly along the horizontal direction.
- first plane reflector M1 and the second plane reflector M2 have reflecting surfaces set to form an angle of 45 degrees with the reticle plane, and the first plane reflector M1 and the second plane
- the reflecting mirror M2 is integrally configured as one optical member.
- the projection optical system PL is substantially telecentric on both the object side and the image side.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a lens configuration of a projection optical system which is the same as the first example of this embodiment. Ru.
- the first imaging optical system G1 has a convex surface facing the reticle side, the plane-parallel plate P1, the biconvex lens L11, and the reticle side sequentially from the reticle side.
- the second imaging optical system G2 has a negative meniscus lens L21 having a concave surface facing the reticle side and a concave surface facing the reticle side sequentially from the reticle side (that is, the incident side) along the light traveling forward path.
- the negative meniscus lens L22 and a concave reflecting mirror CM having a concave surface facing the reticle are included.
- the third imaging optical system G3 has, in order from the reticle side (that is, the incident side), a positive mescus lens L31 having a concave surface facing the reticle side, a biconvex lens L32, and a positive surface having a convex surface facing the reticle side.
- a positive meniscus lens L310 with a spherical concave surface, a biconvex lens L311, an aperture stop AS, a planoconvex lens L312 with a flat surface facing the wafer, and a positive meniscus lens with a nonspherical concave surface facing the wafer It comprises a lens L313, a positive mesh lens L314 having an aspheric concave surface facing the wafer,
- the optical path between the boundary lens (boundary optical element) Lb and the plane parallel plate (parallel plane plane plate in liquid) Lp and the optical path between the plane parallel plate Lp and the wafer W are used
- Light exposure light
- Lml, Lm2 pure water
- central wavelength E 193. 306
- It is formed of quartz (SiO 2) having a refractive index of 61.
- Table 1 shows values of specifications of the projection optical system PL that are the key to the first example.
- ⁇ is the central wavelength of the exposure light
- j8 is the size of the projection magnification (imaging magnification of the whole system)
- ⁇ A is the image side (wafer side) numerical aperture
- B is the wafer
- A is the off-axis amount of the effective exposure area ER
- LX is the dimension along the X direction of the effective exposure area ER (dimension of the long side)
- LY is the effective exposure area ER
- the dimensions along the Y direction (dimensions of the short side) of each are shown.
- the surface number indicates the order of the surface of the reticle side force along the traveling path of the light beam to the wafer surface which is the reticle surface force image surface (the second surface) which is the object surface (the first surface).
- r is the radius of curvature of each surface (apex radius of curvature in the case of an aspheric surface: mm)
- d is the axial spacing of each surface, ie, the surface spacing (mm)
- n is the refractive index for the central wavelength.
- the interplanar spacing d changes its sign each time it is reflected. Therefore, the sign of the surface separation d is negative in the optical path from the reflecting surface of the first plane reflecting mirror M1 to the concave reflecting mirror CM and in the optical path to the image plane, and the other optical paths Inside is positive.
- the curvature radius of the convex surface is positive toward the reticle side, and the curvature radius of the concave surface is negative toward the reticle side.
- the curvature radius of the concave surface is positive along the forward path of the light toward the incident side (reticle side), and the curvature radius of the convex surface is negative toward the incident side.
- a force is directed toward the reticle side to make the radius of curvature of the concave surface positive, and a force toward the reticle side is radius of curvature of the convex surface.
- Table (1) is the same as in the following Table (2).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing lateral aberration in the projection optical system of the first embodiment.
- Y is the image height
- the solid line is the center wavelength 193.
- 3060 nm is the center wavelength 193.
- 306 nm + 0.2 p m 193.
- 3062 ⁇ the dot-and-dash line is 193.
- 306 nm ⁇ 0.2 pm 193.
- 3058 nm is shown respectively.
- the notation in FIG. 5 is the same as in FIG. 7 below. As apparent from the aberration diagrams in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a lens configuration of a projection optical system according to a second example of the present embodiment.
- the first imaging optical system G1 has a convex surface facing the reticle side, the plane-parallel plate P1, the biconvex lens L11, and the reticle side sequentially from the reticle side.
- a positive meniscus lens L16 having a concave surface on the reticle side, a negative meniscus lens L17 having a concave surface on the reticle side, a positive meniscus lens L18 having an aspheric concave surface on the reticle side, and a reticle surface on the reticle side Consisting of a concave surface-facing positive mesh lens L19, a biconvex lens L110, and a positive mesh lens LI11 with an aspheric concave surface facing the lens side!
- the second imaging optical system G2 has a negative meniscus lens L21 having a concave surface facing the reticle side and a concave surface facing the reticle side in this order from the reticle side (that is, the incident side) along the light traveling forward path.
- the negative meniscus lens L22 and a concave reflecting mirror CM having a concave surface facing the reticle are included.
- the third imaging optical system G3 has, in order from the reticle side (that is, the incident side), a positive mescus lens L31 having a concave surface facing the reticle side, a biconvex lens L32, and a positive surface having a convex surface facing the reticle side.
- all light transmitting members including the boundary lens Lb and the plane parallel plate Lp are made of quartz having a refractive index of 1.5603261 with respect to the central wavelength of the used light.
- Table 2 below summarizes values of specifications of the projection optical system PL according to the second example.
- FIG. 7 shows transverse aberration in the projection optical system of the second embodiment.
- a large actual size can be obtained.
- a relatively large effective imaging area can be secured while securing an effective image side numerical aperture. That is, in each example, while securing a high image-side numerical aperture of about 1.3 for ArF excimer laser light with a center wavelength of 193.306 nm, a 26 mm ⁇ 5 mm rectangular effective exposure area Region) ER can be secured, and for example, a circuit pattern can be scanned and exposed at high resolution in a rectangular exposure region of 26 mm ⁇ 33 mm.
- the curvature of the convex entrance surface Lba of the boundary lens Lb is set as shown in FIG. 8 (a). Even if it is not so large, it is possible to avoid the reflection of incident light at the entrance surface Lba. As a result, since the holding tab Lbb for holding the boundary lens Lb can be positioned sufficiently away from the liquid (immersion liquid: not shown) on the injection surface Lbc side, the holding tab Lbb and the lens chamber There is a low risk that liquid may enter between Hd and Hd and may also enter the inside of the projection optical system.
- the entrance surface Lba of the boundary lens Lb In order to avoid reflections of incident light on it, it is necessary to make the entrance surface Lba a convex shape with a fairly large curvature. In this case, inevitably, the holding tab Lbb of the boundary lens Lb is located near the liquid on the exit surface Lbc side, and the liquid easily intrudes between the holding tab Lbb and the hold Hd, Furthermore, the liquid can easily enter the inside of the projection optical system.
- FIG. 9 is a view schematically showing a characteristic main part configuration of a projection optical system according to the present embodiment.
- the effective area (area through which the effective imaging light beam passes) of the exit surface Lbc of the boundary lens (boundary optical element) Lb is surrounded.
- the groove Gr (in other words, space) is formed.
- groove Gr is continuously formed so as to surround the effective region of emission surface Lbc over the entire circumference, and connects the outer periphery of the effective region of entrance surface Lba and the outer periphery of the effective region of emission surface Lbc. It has an inclined surface Gra corresponding to the effective outer peripheral surface Lbd (for example, approximately parallel to the effective outer peripheral surface Lbd).
- the image-side numerical aperture is set to a value (1.32 or 1.3) substantially larger than 1.2
- the incident surface of the boundary lens Lb is Although the curvature of Lba is large, the holding tab Lbb is necessarily located near the liquid Lm2 (not shown) on the injection surface Lbc side, but the groove Gr extends deeper than the holding tab Lbb to the incident surface Lba side ing.
- the holding tab Lbb is provided on a holding surface (virtual plane indicated by a two-dot chain line in the figure) perpendicular to the optical axis AX, and the space as the inside of the groove Gr is the holding tab Lbb and the optical axis It is formed between AX.
- “groove” is a broad concept including a recess and a rounded portion, and, for example, the level of the inner surface (that is, injection surface Lbc) of groove Gr and the level of outer surface Lbe A configuration in which there is a step between the two is also possible.
- the liquid holding mechanism LH for holding the liquid Lm2 in the light path between the effective area of the exit surface Lbc of the boundary lens Lb and the in-liquid parallel flat plate Lp.
- the liquid holding mechanism LH is formed of, for example, titanium, stainless steel or the like, and a part thereof protrudes inside the groove part Gr (in other words, a space). More specifically, the liquid holding mechanism LH has an opposite surface LHa opposite to the inclined surface Gm of the groove Gr at a distance, and at least one of the inclined surface Gra and the opposite surface LHa is water repellent-treated A water repellent film is formed on at least one of the force or the inclined surface Gra and the opposite surface LHa.
- the holding tab Lbb is positioned near the liquid Lm2 on the emission surface Lbc side.
- the groove Gr is formed so as to surround the effective area of the light emission surface Lbc, the holding tab Lbb and the lens chamber holder are formed by the action of the groove Gr even without providing the liquid holding mechanism LH. It becomes difficult for the liquid Lm2 to enter between Hd and for the liquid Lm2 to enter the inside of the projection optical system PL.
- the immersion of the liquid (immersion liquid) into the inside of the optical system Therefore, good imaging performance can be maintained.
- the exposure apparatus of this embodiment uses the high resolution immersion projection optical system PL which can prevent the liquid from entering the inside of the optical system and maintain good imaging performance.
- the fine pattern can be projected and exposed with high precision and stability.
- a plurality of grooves Gr may be provided intermittently so as to surround the effective area of the exit surface Lbc of the boundary lens Lb, in order to effectively prevent the liquid Lm2 from reaching the holding tab Lbb.
- the groove Gr is continuously formed so as to surround the effective region of the emission surface Lbc over the entire circumference, and the groove Gr extends deeper than the holding tab Lbb toward the incident surface Lba. Preferred to be formed on.
- a plane parallel plate (generally, an optical member with substantially no refractive power) Lp is disposed in the optical path between the boundary lens Lb and the wafer W. Even if pure water as the immersion liquid is contaminated by outgassing from the photoresist applied to the wafer W, the action of the plane parallel plate Lp interposed between the boundary lens Lb and the wafer W causes contamination. It is possible to effectively prevent the contamination of the image-side optical surface of the boundary lens Lb with pure water. Furthermore, since the difference in refractive index between the liquid (pure water: Lml, Lm2) and the plane parallel plate Lp is small, the attitude and position accuracy required for the plane parallel plate Lp are significantly relaxed.
- the optical performance can be easily restored by performing member replacement as needed.
- the pressure fluctuation at the time of scanning exposure of the liquid Lm2 in contact with the boundary lens Lb and the pressure fluctuation at the step movement can be suppressed small by the action of the plane-parallel plate Lp, the liquid can be held with a relatively small space. It will be possible.
- the liquid Lm2 can be reliably held in the optical path between the effective region of the light exit surface Lbc of the boundary lens Lb and the plane parallel plate Lp. .
- the liquid Lm2 reaches the holding tab Lbb along the gap between the inclined surface Gra of the groove Gr and the opposing surface LHa of the liquid holding mechanism LH. There is a fear.
- the pressure change more than expected occurs in the liquid Lm2 in contact with the boundary lens Lb.
- at least one of the hydrophilic inclined surface Gra and the opposite surface LHa is used. It is preferable to perform a water repellent finish or to form a water repellent film on at least one of the inclined surface Gra and the opposite surface LHa.
- the groove Gr corresponds to the effective outer peripheral surface Lbd connecting the outer periphery of the effective region of the incident surface Lba and the outer periphery of the effective region of the emission surface Lbc It is preferable to have an inclined surface Gm (having an inclination corresponding to the outer peripheral surface Lbd).
- the effective region of the exit surface Lbc of the boundary lens Lb is formed in a planar shape, and therefore, the liquid layer between the boundary lens Lb and the plane parallel plate Lp
- the thickness of Lm 2 is constant.
- the plane parallel plate Lp is disposed in the optical path between the boundary lens Lb and the wafer W, but a modification of FIG. 9 (b) is not limited thereto. As shown in the figure, a configuration is also possible in which the installation of the parallel flat plate Lp is omitted. Also in the modification of FIG. 9 (b), the same effect as that of the present embodiment can be obtained by forming the groove Gr (in other words, a space) so as to surround the effective region of the exit surface Lbc of the boundary lens Lb. You can get it.
- the groove Gr in other words, a space
- pure water (Lml, Lm2) is used as the liquid to be filled in the optical path between the boundary lens Lb and the wafer W.
- the refractive index is higher than that.
- a liquid for example, a liquid having a refractive index of 1.6 or more
- a high refractive index liquid for example, glycenol (CH 2 [OH] CH [OH] CH [OH]), heptane (C 2 H 5), etc.
- Water mixed with fine particles of oxide, isopropanol, hexane, decane or the like can also be used.
- a high refractive index liquid in order to suppress the size of the projection optical system PL, in particular, the size in the diameter direction, a part of lenses of the projection optical system PL, in particular the image plane ( Near the wafer W), it is preferable to form the lens with a high refractive index material.
- a high refractive index material it is preferable to use, for example, calcium oxide or magnesium oxide, barium fluoride, strontium oxide, barium oxide or mixed crystals containing these as main components.
- a high numerical aperture can be realized under a feasible size. For example, even when using an ArF excimer laser (wavelength 193 nm), it is possible to realize a high numerical aperture of about 1.5 or more.
- an F 2 laser with a wavelength of 157 nm is used as the exposure light IL
- a liquid capable of transmitting F laser light for example, an excess light, is used as the liquid.
- PFPE fluorinated polyether
- oil a fluorinated oil
- the reticle (mask) is illuminated by the illumination device (illumination step), and the transfer pattern formed on the mask is exposed on the photosensitive substrate using the projection optical system.
- microdevices semiconductor elements, imaging elements, liquid crystal display elements, thin film magnetic heads, etc.
- FIG. 10 the flowchart of FIG. 10 is shown as an example of a method for obtaining a semiconductor device as a micro device by forming a predetermined circuit pattern on a wafer as a photosensitive substrate using the exposure apparatus of the present embodiment. Refer to the description.
- a metal film is vapor-deposited on one lot of wafers.
- photoresist is applied on the metal film on the one lot wafer.
- the image of the pattern on the mask is sequentially exposed and transferred to each shot area on the wafer of one lot through the projection optical system.
- the pattern on the mask is etched in Step 305 by using the resist pattern as a mask on the wafer of one lot. Circuit pattern force corresponding to is formed in each shot area on each wafer.
- a device such as a semiconductor element is manufactured.
- a semiconductor device manufacturing method a semiconductor device having a very fine circuit pattern can be obtained with high throughput.
- metal is vapor-deposited on the wafer, a resist is applied on the metal film, and the force of performing each of the exposure, development, and etching steps is performed on the wafer prior to these steps. It is needless to say that after forming a silicon oxide film, a resist may be coated on the silicon oxide film, and then each process such as exposure, development and etching may be performed.
- a liquid crystal display device as a microdevice can also be obtained by forming a predetermined pattern (circuit pattern, electrode pattern, etc.) on a plate (glass substrate).
- a predetermined pattern circuit pattern, electrode pattern, etc.
- a photosensitive substrate such as a glass substrate coated with a resist
- Ru a photosensitive substrate
- a set of three dots corresponding to R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue) are arrayed in a matrix, or R, G,
- a color filter is formed by arranging a plurality of B stripe filters in the direction of horizontal scanning lines.
- a cell assembly step 403 is performed.
- a liquid crystal panel liquid crystal cell
- liquid crystal is injected between the substrate having the predetermined pattern obtained in the pattern forming step 401 and the color filter obtained in the color filter forming step 402, Manufacture panels (liquid crystal cells). Thereafter, in a module assembling step 404, components such as an electric circuit for performing a display operation of the assembled liquid crystal panel (liquid crystal cell), a backlight and the like are attached to complete a liquid crystal display element. According to the above-described method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal display device having a very fine circuit pattern can be obtained with high throughput.
- the ArF excimer laser light source is used in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and another suitable light source such as an F laser light source can also be used.
- F laser light when F laser light is used as the exposure light, F laser light can be transmitted as the liquid.
- a fluorinated liquid such as fluorinated oil or perfluoropolyether (PFPE).
- the present invention is applied to the immersion type projection optical system mounted on the exposure apparatus in the above-mentioned embodiment, other general immersion type not limited to this.
- the invention can also be applied to projection light systems of the type.
- the present invention is applied to the off-axis type catadioptric optical system in which the effective visual field does not include the optical axis in the above-described embodiment, other general projections which are not limited to this are also applicable.
- the present invention can also be applied to an optical system.
- the present invention is applied to the immersion type projection optical system, but the present invention is also applied to the immersion type objective optical system which is not limited to this. It is a good thing to do.
- the boundary lens Lb and the in-liquid parallel flat plate Lp are formed of quartz of an amorphous material, but it is assumed that the material forming the boundary lens Lb and the in-liquid parallel flat plate Lp is For example, it is not limited to quartz, and, for example, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, barium fluoride, sodium 'lithium' fluoride (BaLiF),
- t3 ⁇ 4 material such as Tetium aluminum garnet ([Lutetium Aluminum Garnet] LuAG) or spinonele ([crystalline magnesium aluminum spinel] MgAl O).
- pure water is used as the first liquid and the second liquid, but the first and second liquids are not limited to pure water.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
- Lenses (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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JP2007528268A JP5055566B2 (ja) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-05-08 | 投影光学系、露光装置、および露光方法 |
EP06746084A EP1881520A4 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-05-08 | OPTICAL PROJECTION SYSTEM, EXPOSURE DEVICE, AND EXPOSURE METHOD |
US11/920,331 US7936441B2 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-05-08 | Projection optical system, exposure apparatus, and exposure method |
HK08106397.8A HK1111813A1 (ja) | 2005-05-12 | 2008-06-10 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2005139343 | 2005-05-12 | ||
JP2005-139343 | 2005-05-12 |
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WO2006121008A1 true WO2006121008A1 (ja) | 2006-11-16 |
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ID=37396517
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PCT/JP2006/309253 WO2006121008A1 (ja) | 2005-05-12 | 2006-05-08 | 投影光学系、露光装置、および露光方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7936441B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1881520A4 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5055566B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20080005428A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100539020C (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1111813A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006121008A1 (ja) |
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US8902401B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2014-12-02 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optical imaging device with thermal attenuation |
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US9772478B2 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2017-09-26 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Catadioptric projection objective with parallel, offset optical axes |
DE102016224400A1 (de) | 2016-12-07 | 2018-06-07 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Katadioptrisches Projektionsobjektiv und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
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NL1035757A1 (nl) | 2007-08-02 | 2009-02-03 | Asml Netherlands Bv | Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method. |
DE102011077784A1 (de) | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-20 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Projektionsanordnung |
JP6261357B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-30 | 2018-01-17 | オリンパス株式会社 | 顕微鏡および観察方法 |
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US11360293B2 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2022-06-14 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Catadioptric projection lens and method for producing same |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2006121008A1 (ja) | 2008-12-18 |
EP1881520A4 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
EP1881520A1 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
KR20080005428A (ko) | 2008-01-11 |
JP5561563B2 (ja) | 2014-07-30 |
CN100539020C (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
US7936441B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 |
HK1111813A1 (ja) | 2008-08-15 |
JP5055566B2 (ja) | 2012-10-24 |
CN101171667A (zh) | 2008-04-30 |
US20090092925A1 (en) | 2009-04-09 |
JP2012164991A (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
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