WO2006117848A1 - 装飾部材およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
装飾部材およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006117848A1 WO2006117848A1 PCT/JP2005/008029 JP2005008029W WO2006117848A1 WO 2006117848 A1 WO2006117848 A1 WO 2006117848A1 JP 2005008029 W JP2005008029 W JP 2005008029W WO 2006117848 A1 WO2006117848 A1 WO 2006117848A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- pattern
- resin sheet
- resin
- substrate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
Definitions
- the present invention forms a colored pattern on the surface of a base material made of an inorganic material, such as a metal decorative panel used for an elevator landing door, an elevator fence door, a fence chamber wall, or the like.
- the present invention relates to a decorative member and a manufacturing method thereof.
- a metal having a base coating layer applied to the surface is used as a conventional method for producing a metal decorative panel used for an elevator landing door, a door of an elevator (elevator room), or a wall of a fence.
- a metal having a base coating layer applied to the surface is used.
- the pattern sheet used in this method is manufactured by forming an ink receiving layer on a transparent polyester film and printing a colored pattern with a pigment ink on the ink receiving layer.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-130196 discloses a transparent hydrophilic resin and pigment fine particles having a secondary particle diameter of OOnm or less mixed and aggregated in the hydrophilic resin.
- a process for producing a pattern sheet by adhering an ink-receiving layer having an adhesive layer to a thermoplastic resin sheet via an adhesive layer and printing a colored pattern on the ink-receiving layer, on a substrate made of an inorganic material A step of forming a coating layer as a base with a resin coating, a step of roughening the surface of the coating layer, a step of stacking a pattern sheet on a substrate so that a thermoplastic resin sheet is bonded to the coating layer, and A method for producing a decorative member is described which includes a step of welding a thermoplastic resin sheet to a coating layer by heating the pattern sheet.
- This decorative member includes a "base material made of an inorganic material, formed on the base material, and the surface is roughened.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-130196 (FIG. 1, paragraphs 0005 and 0012)
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and allows a large-area pattern sheet to be firmly bonded to a substrate made of an inorganic material without using an adhesive.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a decorative member capable of simplifying the manufacturing process and capable of greatly reducing the manufacturing time, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the decorative member according to the present invention is a pattern sheet composed of a first resin sheet made of a transparent thermoplastic resin and a colored pattern formed on the surface of the first resin sheet, The surface of the pattern sheet on which the colored pattern is formed and the second resin sheet composed of the welded thermoplastic resin and the surface on the side facing the pattern sheet are roughened. And a substrate made of an inorganic material having the second resin sheet welded to the surface.
- the decorative member according to the present invention is such that a coating layer containing organosilane is formed on the roughened surface of the substrate.
- the method for manufacturing a decorative member according to the present invention produces a pattern sheet in which a colored pattern is formed by printing a colorant on the surface of the first resin sheet made of transparent thermoplastic resin.
- Pattern sheet manufacturing process base material surface roughening process for roughening the surface of the base material made of inorganic material, and surface of the base material roughened by the base material surface roughening process.
- a second resin sheet arranging step in which a second resin sheet made of thermoplastic resin is placed on top of each other, and the surface on which the colored pattern of the pattern sheet is formed is in contact with the second resin sheet.
- the pattern sheet arranging step of arranging the pattern sheet on the second resin sheet and the first resin sheet and the pattern sheet are arranged on the surface of the base material.
- a panel body configured to be heated in a vacuum-bonded state, and to weld the substrate, the second resin sheet, the first resin sheet, and the pattern sheet. It is.
- the coating layer containing organosilane is formed on the roughened surface of the substrate before the second resin sheet arranging step. It has a coating layer forming step.
- the conventional decorative member that is, the decorative member disclosed in JP-A-2001-130196
- the ink-receiving layer of the manufacturing method is not necessary, and the second resin sheet in which the surface on which the colored pattern of the pattern sheet is formed is welded directly to the surface of the roughened substrate. Since it is worn, the structure is very simple because the conventional paint film and adhesive layer are not required.
- a large-area pattern sheet can be firmly and evenly bonded to the substrate surface.
- the coating layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, a large-area pattern sheet can be more firmly bonded to the substrate surface.
- the conventional process of forming the ink receiving layer that is, the decorative member disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-130196 or the manufacturing method thereof
- adhesive There is no need for a layer forming process or a coating film forming process, and the manufacturing process can be greatly simplified, and a large-area pattern sheet can be firmly bonded to the surface of an inorganic material substrate.
- the process includes the step of forming a coating layer on the surface of the base material. Can be pasted together.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing the configuration of a decorative member (for example, a decorative panel for an elevator) manufactured by the decorative member manufacturing method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a decorative member for example, a decorative panel for an elevator
- reference numeral 11 denotes a base material that is bent and molded into a desired panel shape.
- the base material 11 is formed of, for example, metals such as copper, iron, titanium, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel, and inorganic materials such as glass, alone or in combination.
- the surface of the base material 11 is roughened by forming minute irregularities by plastic deformation. For example, by sand shot processing, hairline force, non-directional sanding force, vertical and horizontal sanding, or a combination of these
- the surface of the substrate 11 is roughened.
- a coating film is formed on the surface of the base material 11 as in the prior art (that is, the decorative member disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-130196 or a manufacturing method thereof), and the surface of the coating film is roughened. There is no need. That is, it is not necessary to form a coating film.
- Reference numeral 13 denotes a first resin sheet made of a transparent thermoplastic resin. On one surface of the first resin sheet 13, a colored pattern 16 by a colorant is formed by a method described later. Is formed.
- the pattern sheet 18 is a pattern sheet, and the pattern sheet 18 is composed of a first resin sheet 13 made of a transparent thermoplastic resin and a colored pattern 16 formed on the surface of the first resin sheet 13. It is.
- Reference numeral 14 denotes a second resin sheet to be described later.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part showing the configuration of the pattern sheet 18.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the pattern sheet 18.
- reference numeral 20 denotes a first resin sheet 13 made of a transparent thermoplastic resin, which is previously cylindrical. It is a roll that is rolled up into a shape.
- Reference numeral 21 denotes a microcomputer
- 22 denotes an ink jet printer connected to the microcomputer 21.
- the first resin sheet 13 is pulled out from the roll 20 and attached to the ink jet printer 22.
- the ink jet printer 22 is controlled by the microcomputer 21 so that the predetermined colored pattern 16 is formed on the surface of the first resin sheet 13 while feeding the first resin sheet 13 in the direction of the arrow. Then, the colorant is sprayed on the surface of the first resin sheet 13.
- the reason why the colored pattern can be formed by directly spraying the colorant on the surface of the first resin sheet is due to recent advances in printing technology using the ink jet method.
- FIG. 4 is a view for explaining a state when the first resin sheet 14 and the pattern sheet 18 are overlaid on the surface of the base material 11.
- a first resin sheet 14 made of thermoplastic resin is superposed on the roughened surface of the substrate 11, and further, a colored pattern is formed on the first resin sheet 14.
- Pattern sheets 18 are stacked so that 16 touches.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an evacuation table used for manufacturing the decorative member shown in FIG.
- a flat vacuum evacuation table 31 includes a flat portion 31a on which the base material 11 is placed, a plurality of recesses 31b provided on the flat surface portion 31a, and a plurality of evacuations for exhausting the inside of the recesses 31b. And an exhaust passage 31c.
- a packing 32 for keeping the air tightness of the flat surface portion 31a is provided continuously around the entire circumference at the peripheral portion of the flat surface portion 31a.
- FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing a main part of the decorative member manufacturing apparatus (ie, vacuum pressing apparatus) having the vacuum evacuation table 31 shown in FIG.
- reference numeral 31 denotes a vacuum exhaust stand, and a plurality of exhaust pipes 33 for connecting an exhaust passage 31c to an exhaust pump (not shown) are connected to the side surface of the vacuum exhaust stand 31.
- a panel body 34 formed by stacking the pattern sheet 18 on the base material 11 is placed on the flat surface portion 31a of 31, a panel body 34 formed by stacking the pattern sheet 18 on the base material 11 is placed.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the panel body 34.
- the panel body 34 has a first surface on the surface of the substrate 11 roughened to a predetermined surface roughness.
- the oil sheet 14 is overlaid, and the pattern sheet 18 is overlaid on the first resin sheet 14.
- a sheet-like elastic body 35 having air permeability is covered.
- Examples of the material of the elastic body 35 include silicone rubber caponji, Teflon (registered trademark) sponge, polyamide sponge, silicon fiber sheet, Teflon (registered trademark) fiber sheet, polyamide fiber sheet, glass fiber sheet, and glass fiber cotton.
- Stainless steel wool, titanium wool, or aluminum wool, such as resin, glass, metal, etc., having heat resistance and flexibility are used.
- a sheet-like cover 36 that covers the packing 32 over the entire circumference and keeps airtight between the flat surface portion 31a is covered.
- cover 36 for example, a rubber sheet, a polyethylene sheet, or a silicon sheet is used.
- the peripheral edge of the cover 36 is sandwiched between the holding frame 37 and the packing 32. Be held.
- the material of the presser frame 37 for example, a material having sufficient rigidity and heat resistance such as metal, FRP, polyamide resin, or cement is used.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a state when the vacuum pressure bonding apparatus shown in FIG. 6 is assembled.
- a plurality of pressers 38 for pressing the presser frame 37 against the packing 32 are attached to the side of the assembly of the vacuum exhaust table 31 and the presser frame 37.
- Each presser bar 38 is provided with a pressure adjusting mechanism 39 such as a spring.
- one side of the holding frame 37 and one side of the vacuum evacuation table 31 may be connected by a hinge mechanism. Matching becomes easy and workability is improved.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an assembled state of the vacuum pressure bonding apparatus shown in FIG. 6. In this state, evacuation has not yet started.
- the cover 36 is at atmospheric pressure and the panel body 34 (that is, the first resin sheet on the surface of the substrate 11). 14 and the pattern sheet 18 are stacked), and the elastic body 35 is compressed. Further, the pattern sheet 18 and the second resin sheet 14 are also deaerated, and the pattern sheet 18 and the second resin sheet 14 are brought into close contact with each other.
- the vacuum pressure bonding apparatus is placed in a drying furnace (not shown) while being evacuated, and the panel body 34 is heated together with the vacuum pressure bonding apparatus.
- Such heating increases the flexibility of the cover 36, and the cover 36 is pressed against the panel body 34 at atmospheric pressure to a finer portion.
- the pattern sheet 18 in which the colored pattern 16 is formed on the surface of the first thermoplastic resin 13 has the colored pattern 16 in contact with the second resin sheet 14 via the elastic body 35.
- the second resin sheet 14 is welded by pressing uniformly over the entire surface.
- thermoplastic resin 13 and the second resin sheet 14 are made of the same material, so that the first thermoplastic resin 13 and the second resin sheet 14 are welded by thermocompression bonding. With thermoplastic rosin 13 The bonding strength with the second resin sheet 14 is increased.
- the conventional adhesive layer that is, the decorative member disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-130196 or the manufacturing method thereof.
- the second resin sheet 14 is uniformly pressed over the entire surface of the roughened surface of the substrate 11 through the elastic body 35 in a heated state.
- the surface of the second resin sheet 14 softened by heating is a concave portion on the surface of the substrate 11.
- the second resin sheet 14 and the base material 11 are firmly welded.
- the decorative member according to the present embodiment has the first resin sheet 13 made of a transparent thermoplastic resin and the coloring pattern formed on the surface of the first resin sheet 13.
- the pattern sheet 18 composed of the above-mentioned pattern, the surface of the pattern sheet 18 on which the colored pattern 16 is formed, the second resin sheet 14 made of a thermoplastic resin welded, and the pattern sheet 18 are opposed to each other.
- a substrate 11 made of an inorganic material having a roughened surface and a second resin sheet 14 welded to the roughened surface.
- the method for manufacturing a decorative member according to the present embodiment includes a pattern sheet 18 in which a colored pattern 16 is formed by printing a colorant on the surface of the first resin sheet 13 made of a transparent thermoplastic resin.
- the pattern sheet manufacturing process to be manufactured, the base material surface roughening process for roughening the surface of the base material 11 made of an inorganic material, and the base material 11 roughened by the base material surface roughening process A second resin sheet arrangement step in which a second resin sheet 14 made of thermoplastic resin is superposed on the surface and the surface on which the colored pattern 16 of the pattern sheet 18 is formed is the second resin sheet.
- the panel body 34 is heated in a vacuum-bonded state, and the base material 11 and the second plate And a welding step of welding and ⁇ sheet 14 and pattern sheet 18 - sheet 14 and the.
- the second sheet on which the pattern sheet 18 is welded without using an adhesive that is, without forming an adhesive layer. It is possible to weld the fat sheet 14 uniformly and firmly over the entire surface of the base material 11. it can.
- the pattern sheet 18 can be evenly and firmly welded (fixed) to the surface of the substrate 11 via the second resin sheet 14.
- the first resin sheet 13 which is a transparent thermoplastic resin and the plastic resin
- the first resin sheet 13 serves as a protective film for the colored pattern 16. There is a function.
- the colored pattern 16 can be maintained for a long period of time as a decorative member without being peeled off or scratched by scratching or cleaning work that is not easily affected by external forces.
- the structure is simpler than that of the conventional one (that is, the decorative member disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-130196 or a method for manufacturing the decorative member), vacuum bonding without an adhesive application process is only required once. The manufacturing process is simplified and the manufacturing time can be greatly reduced.
- the decorative member according to the present embodiment is characterized in that, in the decorative member according to the first embodiment, a coating layer containing organosilane is further formed on the roughened surface of the base material.
- the method for manufacturing a decorative member according to the present embodiment is the same as the method for manufacturing a decorative member according to the first embodiment. It has a coating layer forming step of forming a coating layer containing silane.
- the method for forming the coating layer will be mainly described. That is, since the method other than the method for forming the coating layer is the same as that of the first embodiment, the method for forming the coating layer will be mainly described.
- the present embodiment is the same as the first embodiment, and therefore, in the present embodiment, the coating layer forming method will be described in detail.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part showing the configuration of a decorative member (for example, an decorative panel for an elevator) manufactured by the decorative member manufacturing method according to the second embodiment.
- reference numeral 12 denotes a coating layer
- the coating layer 12 is a base material made of an inorganic material (metal such as copper, iron, titanium, aluminum alloy, stainless steel, or glass) that is folded into a desired panel shape. 11 is formed on the surface.
- the surface of the base material 11 is roughened by forming minute concaves and convexes by plastic deformation.
- the coating layer 12 is obtained by applying a coating agent called organosilane to the surface of the base material 11, and the film thickness of the coating layer 12 is sufficiently thin with respect to the unevenness of the surface of the base material 11. .
- organosilane used as the material of the coating layer 12 examples include butyltrimethoxysilane, bi-triethoxysilane, burtris (j8 methoxyethoxy) silane, 13- (3,4 epoquine, ⁇ -glycid.
- Xylpropylmethyljetoxysilane ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxy pill Methyljetoxysilane , ⁇ - ⁇ (aminoethyl) ⁇ -aminopropylmethyljetoxysilane , ⁇ - ⁇ (aminoethyl) ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ - ⁇ (aminoethyl) ⁇ -aminopropyltri Methoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysila ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, or ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
- a coating layer forming step for forming a coating layer will be described.
- the substrate 11 whose surface is roughened is immersed in a bath of acetone, surfactant, alcohol, or the like, which is set to room temperature to a boiling point, for about several minutes to ten and several minutes. Degrease.
- the degreased substrate 11 is washed with water by spraying tap water or immersing it in tap water.
- the temperature of the tap water at this time is about room temperature.
- the substrate 11 is washed with water by a method such as spraying with pure water or immersion in pure water.
- the temperature of the pure water at this time is also about room temperature.
- the substrate 11 After rinsing with pure water! / Soaking, the substrate 11 is dried for a few minutes to a few dozen minutes. [0035] After the base material 11 is dried, the base material is sprayed, for example, by dipping liquid organosilane diluted to about 1 to 10% using a low boiling point material such as alcohol or ether. 11 roughened coating on the surface.
- the drying process is started, and the substrate 11 coated with the organosilane is dried in a drying chamber at room temperature of about 50 to 100 degrees for several minutes for several tens of minutes.
- the coating layer 12 is formed on the roughened surface of the substrate 11.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the action of the organosilane contained in the coating layer 12.
- Organosilane has a structure having an inorganic silyl group and an organic functional group.
- the organic functional group is, for example, an amino group, a methacryloxy group, or a vinyl group.
- the molecular arrangement on the base material 11 side is such that Fe and O are alternately arranged (acid iron iron), and a hydroxyl group is bonded to the surface. .
- the second resin sheet 14 made of thermoplastic resin for example, a carboxyl group or an ester carbo- yl exists.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing a state in which the substrate 11, the coating layer 12, and the second resin sheet 14 made of thermoplastic resin shown in FIG. 13 are bonded.
- the organic functional group of the organosilane reacts with the carboxyl group or ester carbonyl group of the second resin sheet 14 made of thermoplastic resin, and discharges alcohol and water to form, for example, an amide. Make chemical bonds.
- the inorganic silyl group reacts with the hydroxyl group on the surface of the substrate 11 to discharge the alcohol and form an organic bond, for example, in the form of oxygen sharing.
- the second resin sheet 14 made of organic thermoplastic resin is firmly bonded to the base material 11 of the inorganic material via the coating layer 12.
- organosilane works effectively to the extent that a monomolecular layer covers the surface of the substrate 11, so that the physical shape of the surface of the substrate 11 is reduced. Hard to be affected.
- the coating layer 12 containing organosilane is used, so that the inorganic base material is interposed through the second resin sheet 14 and the coating layer 12.
- the pattern sheet 18 can be further firmly and evenly bonded to the top 11.
- the surface of the base material 11 is roughened, the surface area of the base material 11 is increased, and the pattern sheet 18 can be bonded more firmly.
- the coating layer 12 further containing organosilane is formed on the roughened surface of the base material 11. It is characterized by that.
- the decorative member manufacturing method according to the present embodiment is the same as that of the decorative member manufacturing method according to the first embodiment. It has a coating layer forming step for forming a coating layer containing silane.
- the large-area pattern sheet 18 can be bonded to the base material 11 more firmly. It becomes.
- a pattern sheet having a large area can be firmly bonded to a substrate made of an inorganic material without using an adhesive, and the manufacturing process can be simplified and the manufacturing time can be reduced. This is useful for providing a decorative member that can be significantly shortened or a method for manufacturing the decorative member.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing a configuration of a decorative member according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main part showing the configuration of the pattern sheet of the decorative member.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing a pattern sheet.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a state when a first resin sheet and a pattern sheet are overlaid on the surface of a substrate.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an evacuation table used for manufacturing a decorative member.
- FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing a main part of a decorative member manufacturing apparatus (vacuum pressure bonding apparatus) having a vacuum exhaust stand.
- FIG. 7 Shows the structure of the panel body in which the first resin sheet and the pattern sheet are stacked on the surface of the substrate.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an assembled state of the vacuum pressure bonding apparatus.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the vacuum pressure bonding apparatus.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an assembled state of the vacuum pressure bonding apparatus before starting evacuation.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an assembled state of the vacuum pressure bonding apparatus when evacuated.
- ⁇ 12 A cross-sectional view of the relevant part showing the configuration of the decorative member according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the action of organosilane contained in a coating layer.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing a state in which a base material, a coating layer, and a second resin sheet are bonded together.
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006549205A JPWO2006117848A1 (ja) | 2005-04-27 | 2005-04-27 | 装飾部材およびその製造方法 |
PCT/JP2005/008029 WO2006117848A1 (ja) | 2005-04-27 | 2005-04-27 | 装飾部材およびその製造方法 |
CN2005800259072A CN1993238B (zh) | 2005-04-27 | 2005-04-27 | 装饰构件及其制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2005/008029 WO2006117848A1 (ja) | 2005-04-27 | 2005-04-27 | 装飾部材およびその製造方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006117848A1 true WO2006117848A1 (ja) | 2006-11-09 |
Family
ID=37307655
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/008029 WO2006117848A1 (ja) | 2005-04-27 | 2005-04-27 | 装飾部材およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPWO2006117848A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1993238B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006117848A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0326539U (ja) * | 1989-07-24 | 1991-03-18 | ||
JPH04140133A (ja) * | 1990-10-01 | 1992-05-14 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 化粧材 |
JP2001113895A (ja) * | 1999-10-18 | 2001-04-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 装飾部材及びその製造方法 |
-
2005
- 2005-04-27 CN CN2005800259072A patent/CN1993238B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-04-27 JP JP2006549205A patent/JPWO2006117848A1/ja active Pending
- 2005-04-27 WO PCT/JP2005/008029 patent/WO2006117848A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0326539U (ja) * | 1989-07-24 | 1991-03-18 | ||
JPH04140133A (ja) * | 1990-10-01 | 1992-05-14 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 化粧材 |
JP2001113895A (ja) * | 1999-10-18 | 2001-04-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 装飾部材及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1993238A (zh) | 2007-07-04 |
CN1993238B (zh) | 2010-05-12 |
JPWO2006117848A1 (ja) | 2008-12-18 |
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