WO2006112475A1 - 時刻基準点情報伝送システムおよび受信器 - Google Patents
時刻基準点情報伝送システムおよび受信器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006112475A1 WO2006112475A1 PCT/JP2006/308212 JP2006308212W WO2006112475A1 WO 2006112475 A1 WO2006112475 A1 WO 2006112475A1 JP 2006308212 W JP2006308212 W JP 2006308212W WO 2006112475 A1 WO2006112475 A1 WO 2006112475A1
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 211
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
- G01C3/02—Details
- G01C3/06—Use of electric means to obtain final indication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
- G01S11/04—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves using angle measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
- G01S11/08—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves using synchronised clocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/14—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
Definitions
- the present invention restricts the frequency band that can be used for communication because the communication path can communicate in a predetermined frequency band (for example, the phase propagation characteristic and the amplitude propagation characteristic change depending on the frequency).
- the present invention relates to a time reference point information transmission system for transmitting information on a time reference point from a transmitter to a receiver in a communication channel) and a receiver used in the time reference point information transmission system.
- timing information (corresponding to the time reference point in the present invention) at high speed and strictly.
- the phase of horizontal / vertical scanning is synchronized in image communication
- the phase of detecting the timing for switching each bit information in synchronous digital data communication and the distance based on the signal delay time in measurement.
- the angle is measured.
- the above-described system uses the wave phenomenon of electromagnetic waves propagating in space, optical fibers, waveguides, and communication cables, and the wave phenomenon of sound waves propagating in gas, liquid, and solid. Communicate information.
- the waveform generator, wave propagation medium, and waveform receiver used in the above-described system have sufficiently wide amplitude range and phase transfer characteristics over a wide frequency range!
- the timing information you want to convey with the leading edge of a rectangular electrical signal pulse or the leading edge of a rectangular ultrasonic burst
- the timing information can be accurately and easily transmitted from the waveform generator to the waveform receiver. It can.
- the amplitude can be obtained simply by detecting the envelope amplitude.
- the electrical signal pulses and ultrasonic bursts described above have an infinite spread in the frequency spectrum!
- the measurement accuracy of distance and angle is directly related to the transmission accuracy (detection accuracy) of timing information.
- the distance and angle measurement accuracy depends on the timing information transmission accuracy (detection accuracy). Therefore, it is important to transmit timing information accurately (strictly) in the field of measurement.
- an ultrasonic rangefinder that measures the distance between a transmitter and a receiver by detecting the leading edge of a 40 kHz carrier burst envelope.
- the distance measurement accuracy of the ultrasonic distance meter is about several centimeters to several tens of centimeters.
- a piezoelectric ceramic element is used as an ultrasonic transmission / reception element.
- the transmission accuracy of timing information in the ultrasonic rangefinder is 0.1 ms to: Lms, which is the waveform that has passed through the narrowband communication path. This is a representative value of accuracy that can be achieved using the envelope of.
- the piezoelectric ceramic element used in the ultrasonic distance meter described above has a narrow band frequency characteristic, the received waveform is subjected to strong distortion.
- the ultrasonic distance meter described above uses a region where the transient response characteristics are strongly influenced in terms of signal, such as the leading edge of an ultrasonic burst, variations in the characteristics of the transmitting and receiving elements are subject to measurement accuracy and timing information. This is likely to affect the accuracy of transmission.
- the waveform envelope is affected by both the amplitude frequency characteristic and the phase frequency characteristic of the transmission line, the shape of the envelope is likely to change when a transmission line having these characteristics is used. As a result, the transmission accuracy of timing information may be reduced.
- the timing information can be transmitted using only the phase information, it is possible to improve the transmission accuracy compared to the method of transmitting the timing information using the envelope, and as a result, There is a possibility of more accurate measurement and communication.
- an angle meter that measures a distance between two relatively close points and obtains an angle with a signal source by obtaining a phase difference has been put into practical use.
- a micro displacement meter for obtaining a displacement within a narrow distance has been put into practical use, and the micro displacement meter has a measurement accuracy of about lmm.
- the phase when the timing information is transmitted using only the phase information, the phase must also extract a periodic phenomenon force such as a sine wave, and the waveform has a phase value of 2 ⁇ radians (in the case of time) Is repeated with a period or a wavelength in the case of distance), the phase obtained at the receiving end is a remainder obtained by dividing the absolute value by 2 ⁇ (the remainder when the absolute value is divided by 2 ⁇ ). This makes it impossible to measure the absolute value of the distance, for example, even if trying to measure the distance by extracting the phase.
- the wavelength of an ultrasonic wave of 40 kHz is about 8.5 mm in air (corresponding to a phase value of 2 ⁇ radians), but the phase is extracted using the ultrasonic wave and the distance is determined. However, only the remainder when the distance is divided by the wavelength of 8.5 mm is required, and the absolute value of the distance cannot be measured.
- Patent Document 1 is disclosed as an invention in which an ultrasonic displacement meter using a phase has a measurement range exceeding 8.5 mm corresponding to the wavelength of 40 kHz ultrasonic waves in air.
- phase delay measurement using two different frequencies f and f (f> f) is performed.
- the phase was actually measured using the frequency of “f f” by performing various processes.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-191145
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is used in a time reference point information transmission system capable of transmitting a time reference point accurately and in a short time, and the time reference point information transmission system.
- An object is to provide a receiver.
- the time reference point information transmission system transmits information related to the time reference point from a transmitter to a receiver in a communication path capable of communication in a predetermined frequency band.
- a time reference point information transmission system wherein the transmitter is configured to generate a plurality of frequency signals communicable through the communication channel, and a plurality of the frequency signals generated by the frequency signal generation unit. Based on the defined time point, the time point is defined as the time reference point, and based on the defined time reference point, the frequency signal phase of each frequency signal is determined.
- a phase adjusting unit that adjusts the phase, and a plurality of frequency signals after the phase is adjusted by the phase adjusting unit are combined, and the combined plurality of frequency signals are transmitted as communication signals to the receiver.
- Transmitting means and the receiver is included in the communication signal based on the receiving means for receiving the communication signal transmitted from the transmitter and the communication signal received by the receiving means.
- Phase extraction means for extracting the phase of each of the frequency signals to be obtained, and a time point at which each of the phases has a predetermined relationship based on the plurality of phases extracted by the phase extraction means, and the obtained time point Time reference point determination means for determining the time reference point.
- the time reference point information transmission system according to the present invention is the time reference point information transmission system described above, wherein the phase extraction means is based on the communication signal received by the reception means and Equation 1! Then, the phase of each frequency signal included in the communication signal is extracted.
- ⁇ 2 is the frequency of the frequency signal generated by the frequency signal generator.
- ⁇ is the length of time for extracting the communication signal.
- e is the base in natural logarithm.
- j is an imaginary unit.
- p and p are each of frequency f
- a and a are each the frequency signal of frequency f
- ⁇ s (t), "> push ⁇ 3), e j co 2t > are the inner product of 3) and" and the inner product of s (t) and e j co 2t , respectively.
- the time reference point information transmission system is the time reference point information transmission system described above, wherein the phase extraction means is included in the communication signal based on the communication signal received by the reception means.
- the phase of each of the frequency signals and the angular frequency of each of the frequency signals included in the communication signal are extracted, and the time reference point determination unit is configured to extract the plurality of phases and the plurality of phases extracted by the phase extraction unit.
- a time point at which each of the phases becomes a predetermined relationship based on the angular frequency of The determined time point is determined as the time reference point.
- the time reference point information transmission system is the time reference point information transmission system described above, wherein the transmission means superimposes the combined frequency signals as the communication signals. Transmitting to the receiver by any one of sound wave, electromagnetic wave, and light, and the receiving means transmits the communication signal transmitted from the transmitter by any one of the ultrasonic wave, the electromagnetic wave, and the light. It is characterized by receiving.
- the present invention also relates to a time reference point information transmission method, and the time reference point information transmission method according to the present invention includes: A transmitter reference power transmission method for transmitting information on a time reference point to a receiver, wherein the transmitter generates a plurality of frequency signals communicable on the communication path; and Based on the plurality of frequency signals generated in the frequency signal generation step, a time point at which the phase of each frequency signal has a predetermined relationship is determined, and the determined time point is defined as the time reference point A phase adjusting step for adjusting the phase of each of the frequency signals based on the time reference point, and a plurality of the frequency signals after adjusting the phase in the phase adjusting step are combined, and a plurality of the combined frequency signals are combined.
- the time reference point information transmission method according to the present invention is the time reference point information transmission method described above, wherein the phase extraction step is based on the communication signal received in the reception step and Equation 1. Therefore, the phase of each of the frequency signals included in the communication signal is extracted.
- T is the length of time for extracting the communication signal.
- e is the base in natural logarithm.
- j is an imaginary unit.
- a and a are the frequency signals of frequency f.
- the time reference point information transmission method is the time reference point information transmission method described above, wherein the phase extraction step is based on the communication signal received in the reception step.
- the phase of each of the frequency signals included in the communication signal and the angular frequency of each of the frequency signals included in the communication signal are extracted, and the time reference point determination step includes a plurality of the extracted in the phase extraction step.
- a time point at which each of the phases has a predetermined relationship is obtained based on a phase and a plurality of the angular frequencies, and the obtained time point is determined as the time reference point.
- the time reference point information transmission method is the time reference point information transmission method described above, wherein the transmitting step includes ultrasonic waves using the synthesized plurality of frequency signals as the communication signals. , Electromagnetic wave, or light is transmitted to the receiver, and the receiving step includes transmitting the communication signal transmitted from the transmitter to the ultrasonic wave, The electromagnetic wave and the light are received by one of them.
- the present invention relates to a transmitter, and the transmitter according to the present invention is a transmitter that transmits information on a time reference point in a communication path capable of communication in a predetermined frequency band, Based on the frequency signal generating means for generating a plurality of frequency signals communicable on the communication path and the plurality of frequency signals generated by the frequency signal generating means, the phases of the frequency signals have a predetermined relationship.
- Phase adjustment means for defining the time point to be defined, defining the time point as the time reference point, and adjusting the phase of each of the frequency signals based on the defined time reference point, and the phase adjustment means Transmitting means for combining the plurality of frequency signals after adjusting the frequency and transmitting the combined plurality of frequency signals as communication signals to the receiver.
- the transmitting means uses the synthesized plurality of frequency signals as the communication signal to transmit to the receiver by one of ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, and light. It is characterized by transmission.
- the present invention also relates to a receiver, and the receiver according to the present invention is a receiver that receives information about a time reference point in a communication channel capable of communication in a predetermined frequency band, Based on the time reference point defined as the point in time when the phase of the signal becomes a predetermined relationship, a plurality of frequency signals, each of which is adjusted in phase, and synthesized after the adjustment, are used as communication signals.
- Receiving means for receiving, based on the communication signal received by the receiving means and Equation 1, the phase extracting means for extracting the phase of each of the frequency signals included in the communication signal, and the phase Time reference point determining means for determining a time point at which each of the phases has a predetermined relationship based on the plurality of phases extracted by the extracting means, and determining the determined time point as the time reference point.
- ⁇ 2 is the frequency of the frequency signal generated by the frequency signal generator.
- ⁇ is the length of time for extracting the communication signal.
- e is the base in natural logarithm.
- j is an imaginary unit.
- p and p are each of frequency f
- a and a are each the frequency signal of frequency f
- ⁇ s (t), "> ⁇ ⁇ 3), e j co 2t > are the inner product of 3) and" and the inner product of s (t) and e j co 2t , respectively.
- each of the phase extraction units is included in the communication signal based on the communication signal received by the receiving unit.
- the phase of the frequency signal and the angular frequency of each of the frequency signals included in the communication signal are extracted, and the time reference point determination unit is configured to extract the plurality of phases and the plurality of angular frequencies extracted by the phase extraction unit Based on the above, a time point at which each of the phases has a predetermined relationship is obtained, and the obtained time point is determined as the time reference point.
- the receiver according to the present invention is characterized in that in the receiver described above, the receiving means receives the communication signal by any one of an ultrasonic wave, an electromagnetic wave, and light.
- the invention's effect [0028]
- the transmitter power in a communication channel that can communicate in a predetermined frequency band (a communication channel in which the frequency band that can be used for communication is limited), the transmitter power also transmits information about the time reference point to the receiver. .
- the transmitter generates a plurality of frequency signals communicable over the communication path, determines a time point at which the phase of each frequency signal has a predetermined relationship based on the generated frequency signals, and sets the determined time point as a time reference point.
- the receiver receives the communication signal transmitted from the transmitter, extracts the phase of each frequency signal included in the communication signal based on the received communication signal, and extracts each phase based on the extracted plurality of phases.
- the time point at which the phase becomes a predetermined relationship is obtained, and the obtained time point is determined as the time reference point.
- the receiver extracts the phase of each frequency signal included in the communication signal based on the received communication signal and Equation 1! As a result, only the frequencies related to information transmission are handled without using the general FFT, thereby reducing the effects of noise and enabling high-speed detection operations.
- the amplitude reference of each carrier wave from Equation 1 it is possible to efficiently demodulate quadrature amplitude modulation using a plurality of carriers.
- the phase information and amplitude information of the element frequency can be extracted at high speed and with high accuracy compared to the conventional frequency decomposition method such as FFT.
- the receiver is based on the received communication signal, and the phase of each frequency signal included in the communication signal and the frequency signal included in the communication signal.
- An angular frequency is extracted, a time point at which each phase has a predetermined relationship is obtained based on the extracted phases and a plurality of angular frequencies, and the obtained time point is determined as a time reference point.
- the receiver determines the time point when the phases of the two frequency signals match based on the observed phase difference at an arbitrary time point.
- the formula “t one (p—p) ⁇ ( ⁇ — ⁇ )” ( ⁇ and ⁇ are phase,
- the time reference point can be determined in a short time and with high accuracy.
- the transmitter transmits a plurality of synthesized frequency signals to the receiver as one of ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, and light as communication signals.
- the transmitted communication signal is received by one of ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, and light.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the basic principle of a time reference point information transmission system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the definition of a time reference point.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the configuration of an ultrasonic distance measurement system to which a time reference point information transmission system is applied.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a specific configuration of the transmission node 102.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of a specific configuration of the receiving node 104.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of processing performed in the transmission node 102.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing performed in the reception node 104. Explanation of symbols
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the basic principle of a time reference point information transmission system that is useful in the present invention.
- the present invention provides a communication channel capable of communicating in a predetermined frequency band (for example, a communication channel in which a frequency band that can be used for communication is restricted due to a change in phase propagation characteristic or amplitude propagation characteristic depending on frequency).
- a predetermined frequency band for example, a communication channel in which a frequency band that can be used for communication is restricted due to a change in phase propagation characteristic or amplitude propagation characteristic depending on frequency.
- a transmitter generates a plurality of frequency signals that can be communicated on a communication path (step S-1: frequency signal generation step).
- step S-1 frequency signal generation step.
- the time points at which the phases of the frequency signals have a predetermined relationship are determined, and the determined time points are defined as time reference points.
- the phase of each frequency signal is adjusted based on the defined time reference point (Step S—2: Phase adjustment step).
- the time reference point is defined as the time point at which the phases of the plurality of frequency signals generated in step S 1 have a predetermined condition relationship
- the frequency signal relationship is defined as the predetermined condition of the time reference point. Align the phases of multiple frequency signals so that they match.
- the period of the number signal is 2ms.
- phase ⁇ and phase ⁇ will reciprocate between ⁇ radians and ⁇ radians many times (2 d in Fig. 2).
- phase difference " ⁇ - ⁇ " passes through the range from 1 ⁇ radians to ⁇ radians only once.
- the transmitter synthesizes a plurality of frequency signals whose phases are adjusted in step S-2, and transmits the synthesized frequency signals to the receiver as communication signals (step S-3).
- step S-3 Sending step).
- a plurality of synthesized frequency signals may be transmitted to the receiver as communication signals modulated by carrier waves of other frequencies.
- the receiver receives a communication signal transmitted from the transmitter (step S-4: reception step).
- step S-3 when a plurality of synthesized frequency signals are transmitted as direct carrier wave communication signals, the direct carrier wave communication signal may be received in step S-4.
- step S-3 when the synthesized multiple frequency signals are transmitted as communication signals modulated by carrier waves of other frequencies, they are modulated by carrier waves of other frequencies in step S-4.
- the communication signal may be received and demodulated.
- Step S—5 Phase extraction step
- the individual phase information is extracted by decomposing the frequency components of the communication signal received in step S-4.
- step S-5 the phase of each frequency signal included in the communication signal may be extracted based on the received communication signal and Equation 1 below.
- the frequency component of the received communication signal may be decomposed based on Equation 1 below to extract individual phase information.
- e is the base in natural logarithm.
- j is an imaginary unit.
- p and p are the phase and phase corresponding to the frequency signal of frequency f, respectively.
- phase corresponds to a frequency signal of 2.
- s (t) is a function representing the waveform of the received communication signal, and is defined as “ s (t) a sin (c t + p) + a sin (o> t + p)”.
- 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 and a are the amplitude corresponding to the frequency signal at frequency f and the frequency at frequency f, respectively.
- t is a variable representing time.
- ⁇ s (t), e j co "> and S (t), e j ⁇ 2t > are the inner product of s (t) and e j ⁇ " and s (t) and e j ⁇ 2t , respectively. It is an inner product.
- the receiver obtains a time point at which each phase has a predetermined relationship based on the plurality of phases extracted in step S-5, and determines the obtained time point as a time reference point (step S-6). : Time reference point determination step). In other words, a plurality of phase information extracted in step S-5 is compared, and the time point when the relationship is in a predetermined condition is determined as the time reference point. Determine.
- step S-6 the time when the receiver starts reading the communication signal based on the time reference point determined in step S-6 and the predetermined time length! It is also possible to set the reading start time and read the communication signal power received in step S-4 for a predetermined time length from the set reading start time. In this case, the receiver again executes step S-5 based on the read communication signal to extract a plurality of phases, and based on the extracted plurality of phases! Execute S-6 to determine the time reference point.
- the location and length of the waveform for the phase extraction process are arbitrary, so the transient response disturbance at the beginning of the received communication signal waveform is excluded, and the part with a large amplitude is used with priority.
- step S-5 based on the received communication signal,! /, The phase of each frequency signal included in the communication signal and each frequency signal included in the communication signal.
- step S-6 the time points at which the respective phases have a predetermined relationship are obtained based on the extracted plurality of phases and the plurality of angular frequencies, and the obtained time points are determined as time reference points. May be.
- the receiver determines the point in time when the phases of the two frequency signals match based on the observed phase difference at any point in time. Then, it may be obtained by Equation 6 described later, and the obtained time point may be determined as the time reference point.
- the time reference point can be determined in a short time and with high accuracy.
- a plurality of frequency signals synthesized in step S-2 may be transmitted as communication signals to the receiver using ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, light, or the like. Specifically, a plurality of frequency signals whose phases are aligned in step S-2 may be transmitted directly as carrier wave communication signals using ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, or light. A plurality of arranged frequency signals may be transmitted as ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, light, or the like as communication signals modulated by carrier waves of other frequencies.
- the communication signal transmitted from the transmitter May be received by ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, light, or the like. Specifically, the direct carrier wave communication signal transmitted from the transmitter may be received by ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, light, or the like.
- the modulated communication signal transmitted from the transmitter may be received by ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, or the like. It may be received and demodulated with light.
- the present invention can be applied to anything that can be expressed by linear waves, such as ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, and light.
- step S-5 not only phase information but also amplitude information (amplitude reference information) may be extracted. Thereby, for example, quadrature amplitude modulation using a plurality of carriers can be efficiently demodulated.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the configuration of the ultrasonic distance measuring system 100.
- the ultrasonic distance measurement system 100 includes a transmission node (transmitter) 102 and a reception node (receiver) 104, and is a communication channel (communication channel (communication in a predetermined frequency band)).
- a communication channel communication channel (communication in a predetermined frequency band)
- the time reference point from the transmitting node 102 to the receiving node 104 using a communication path in which the frequency band that can be used for communication is restricted due to changes in phase propagation characteristics and amplitude propagation characteristics depending on the frequency.
- the information about is transmitted with ultrasonic waves.
- the transmission node 102 mainly generates a plurality of frequency signals communicable through the communication path, and determines a time point at which the phases of the frequency signals have a predetermined relationship based on the generated frequency signals.
- the defined time point is defined as the time reference point
- the phase of each frequency signal is adjusted based on the defined time reference point
- the frequency signals after adjusting the phase are combined, and the combined multiple frequencies
- the signal is transmitted as a communication signal to the receiver by ultrasonic waves.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a specific configuration of the transmission node 102. As shown in FIG.
- the transmission node 102 includes a measurement instruction switch 102a, a timing generation unit 102b, an address generation unit 102c, a waveform storage unit (waveform ROM) 102d, a DZA conversion unit 102e, and an amplification unit 102f. And an ultrasonic transmission element 102g, which are connected via an arbitrary communication path. It is.
- the measurement instruction switch 102a is a switch for the user to instruct the start of distance measurement.
- the timing generation unit 102b reads out a combined waveform obtained by pre-adjusting (aligning) the phases of waveforms corresponding to a plurality of frequency signals from a waveform storage unit 102d described later, and starts transmission of the combined waveform At the same time, a measurement instruction signal for instructing the start of distance measurement and a strobe signal used for calculating the propagation delay time of the ultrasonic wave are electrically transmitted to the receiving node 104.
- the address generation unit 102c generates a memory one read address in accordance with the sampling frequency.
- the waveform storage unit 102d stores a combined waveform obtained by adjusting (aligning) the phases of waveforms corresponding to a plurality of frequency signals in advance.
- the DZA converter 102e converts a digital signal into an analog signal.
- the amplifier 102f amplifies the analog signal.
- the ultrasonic transmission element 102g is a commercially available piezoelectric ceramic vibrator.
- the communication sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the element are good.
- the communication band is narrow and is approximately 39.0 to 41.OkHz. Note that the amplitude and phase propagation characteristics have a strong frequency dependence even within the communication band.
- the reception node 104 mainly receives the communication signal transmitted from the transmission node 102 by ultrasonic waves, and based on the received communication signal, each frequency included in the communication signal is received.
- the phase of the signal is extracted, a time point at which each phase has a predetermined relationship is obtained based on the extracted plurality of phases, and the obtained time point is determined as a time reference point.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a specific configuration of the reception node 104. As shown in FIG.
- the reception node 104 includes an ultrasonic reception element 104a, an amplification unit 104b, an AZD conversion unit 104c, a waveform storage unit (waveform memory) 104d, an address generation unit 104e, and a timing generator.
- the ultrasonic receiving element 104a is a commercially available piezoelectric ceramic vibrator.
- the amplifying unit 104b amplifies the communication signal (analog signal) received by the ultrasonic receiving element 104a.
- a ZD converter 104c converts an analog signal into a digital signal.
- the waveform storage unit 104d stores the waveform of the received communication signal and the waveform of the electrically transmitted strobe signal.
- the address generation unit 104e generates a memory storage address in accordance with the sampling frequency.
- the timing generation unit 104f acquires the measurement instruction signal transmitted from the transmission node 102.
- the signal processing unit 104g acquires the communication signal stored in the waveform storage unit 104d, decomposes the frequency component of the communication signal, extracts individual phase information, compares the plurality of extracted phase information, and compares them. Is determined as the time reference point, the propagation delay time between the determined time reference point and the electrically transmitted strobe signal is calculated, and the transmission node 102 and the reception node 104 Calculate the distance between.
- the distance display unit 104h displays the value of the distance between the transmission node 102 and the reception node 104 calculated by the signal processing unit 104g.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing performed in the transmission node 102.
- the timing generation unit 102b monitors whether or not the measurement instruction switch 102a is pressed (that is, whether or not there is a measurement instruction), and when there is a measurement instruction (step SA—1: Yes) For this, the measurement instruction signal is driven (step SA-2).
- the timing generation circuit 102b starts the timing generation circuit (step SA-3).
- the frequency signal of the composite waveform is converted into an analog signal by the ZA converter 102e, the analog signal is amplified by the amplifier 102f, and the amplified signal is transmitted by the ultrasonic transmission element 102g (step SA— Four).
- step SA-5 when the timing generation unit 102b monitors the timing at which the composite waveform is read and transmits a time reference point (for example, the time when the phase difference “ ⁇ — ⁇ ” becomes 0) (step SA-5).
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing performed at the reception node 104.
- the timing generation unit 104f monitors whether or not the measurement instruction signal transmitted from the transmission node 102 has been acquired.
- the measurement instruction signal is acquired (step SB—1: Yes)
- the timing is generated.
- the amplifier 104b amplifies the communication signal received by the ultrasonic receiving element 104a
- the AZD conversion unit 104c converts the amplified communication signal into a digital signal and stores it in the waveform storage unit 104d (step SB-2).
- the bit resolution and time resolution of AZD conversion affect the accuracy of the time reference point to be reproduced. Specifically, good bit resolution is achieved by performing 8-bit linear quantization and AZD conversion at 1 Msample per second. And time resolution can be obtained.
- the frequency component of the communication signal read by the time length T in step SB-3 is decomposed to extract individual phase information, and the extracted phase information is compared. Temporarily determine the point in time when they are in a predetermined condition as a time reference point (Step SB-4) 0
- step (5) the phase of the signal of each element is separated therefrom by the following steps (1) to (4), and the time reference point is Estimated in step (5).
- the data (numerical string) read in step SB-3 is handled as a vector (s).
- the f and f used in the node 102 are known at the receiving node 104. Number
- Equation 2 j is an imaginary unit.
- li 2i is a complex conjugate of li and e.
- N is the number of dimensions of each vector.
- phase p phase p
- Amount Not only each phase (phases p and p) but also each amplitude (amplitudes a and a) are extracted.
- ⁇ 2 is the frequency of each frequency signal.
- ⁇ is the length of time to extract the communication signal.
- e is the base in natural logarithm.
- j is an imaginary unit.
- p and p are the phase and frequency corresponding to the frequency signal at frequency f, respectively.
- the phase corresponds to a frequency signal of several f. s (t) represents the waveform of the received communication signal
- t is a variable representing time. ⁇ S (t), ⁇ 0 ) "> Oyobi ⁇ 3 (1;), e j ⁇ 2t> , respectively, s (t) and e j ⁇ " and the inner product and s (t) of e j ⁇ The inner product of 3 ⁇ 4 .
- the extracted phases are compared, and the time point at which they are in a predetermined condition is temporarily determined as the time reference point. Specifically, based on the phases p and p, the time reference point t is
- the signal processing unit 104g resets the start time of the time length T so that the time reference point temporarily determined in step SB-4 is near the center, and As in step SB-3, the communication signal is read for the time length T from the reset start time (step SB-5).
- the signal processing unit 104g determines the time reference point again in the same manner as in step SB-4 (step SB-6). Theoretically, the same time reference point can be obtained no matter where the received beat waveform s (t) is read. However, there is an error due to the transient response of the element near the start of the waveform, and both ends of the beat waveform are easily affected by background noise with small amplitude. Therefore, in Step SB-4, the time reference point is estimated once, then the start time of time length T is reset so that the time is near the center, and the time reference point is calculated. By using the time reference point obtained in this second calculation, good reproducible results can be obtained.
- the signal processing unit 104g calculates the propagation delay time between the time reference point determined in step SB-6 and the strobe signal, and based on the calculated propagation delay time and the ultrasonic velocity. Accordingly, the distance between the transmitting node 102 and the receiving node 104 is determined (step SB-7).
- the transmission node 102 always transmits a measurement instruction signal and a strobe signal to the reception node 104, and the reception node 104 enters the communication range. These signals may be received. That is, in the ultrasonic measurement system 100, the transmission node 102 is always in operation, and the reception node 104 may receive a signal sent from the transmission node 102 when entering the communication area and start measurement. .
- the transmitter generates a plurality of frequency signals communicable through the communication path, and generates the generated plurality of frequencies. Based on the signal, determine the time when the phase of each frequency signal has a predetermined relationship, define the time as the time reference point, and adjust the phase of each frequency signal based on the defined time reference point. Then, a plurality of frequency signals whose phases have been adjusted are synthesized, and the synthesized plurality of frequency signals are transmitted as communication signals to the receiver.
- the receiver receives the communication signal transmitted from the transmitter, extracts the phase of each frequency signal included in the communication signal based on the received communication signal, and based on the extracted plurality of phases.
- a time point at which each phase is in a predetermined relationship is obtained, and the obtained time point is determined as a time reference point.
- the time reference point can be transmitted accurately and in a short time while suppressing the influence of received waveform distortion.
- timing information In communication systems, there are many stations that transmit and measure timing information precisely at high speed. For example, the aspect of synchronizing horizontal and vertical scanning in image communication, and detection of switching timing of each bit information in synchronous digital data communication.
- radar, laser, and ultrasonic measuring instruments In the field of measurement, there are radar, laser, and ultrasonic measuring instruments that measure distance and angle based on signal delay time, and the measurement accuracy basically depends on how precisely the timing information can be detected. Can be considered.
- timing information is transmitted by wave phenomena of electromagnetic waves propagating in space, optical fiber, waveguide, communication cable, and acoustic waves propagating in a gas 'liquid' solid. is doing. If used waveform generator, wave propagation medium, waveform receiver However, accurate transmission of timing information is easy if it has sufficiently uniform amplitude and phase transfer characteristics in a wide frequency range. For example, it is only necessary to express the timing conveyed by the leading edge of a simple rectangular electric signal pulse or the leading edge of a rectangular ultrasonic burst.
- the accuracy of timing measurement appears directly as a distance measurement error.
- an ultrasonic rangefinder that measures the distance between a transmitter and a receiver by detecting the leading edge of a 40kHz carrier burst envelope.
- the received waveform is strongly distorted because it has particularly poor (narrowband) frequency characteristics.
- the typical accuracy of this type of instrument is about several centimeters to several tens of centimeters, which is 0.lms to lms for 40kHz ultrasonic burst waveform timing detection when converted to the velocity of sound waves propagating in the air.
- Another problem with the envelope method is that it uses a signal-affected area such as the leading edge of a burst that strongly influences the transient response characteristics. There is also a point that is easy to adjust.
- the waveform envelope is affected by both the amplitude frequency characteristic and the phase frequency characteristic of the transmission line, the influence of the characteristics on the envelope shape is large. If timing can be transmitted using only phase information, more accurate communication may be possible. However, it is difficult to transmit information by phase, because it is necessary to extract a periodic phenomenon force such as a sine wave, and the waveform repeats with a phase value of 2 ⁇ radians. It's just the remainder divided by ⁇ ! [0073]
- the wavelength of the 40 kHz ultrasonic wave is about 8.5 mm in air, which corresponds to a phase of 2 ⁇ radians.
- a displacement meter that only needs to determine the displacement within a narrow distance may not work even if there is an indefinite period of 8.5 mm in air. This method has a measurement accuracy of about lmm. A displacement meter is in practical use.
- the timing indefinite due to the phase period remains even though it is expanded.
- it is necessary to perform multiple measurements by switching the frequency, which takes a long time, and the accuracy deteriorates if there is a change in the transmission medium due to movement of the object, wind direction or temperature during that time.
- it can be used as a displacement meter for a relatively static object in an adjusted environment, but it is not necessary for a distance meter that requires an absolute distance or a displacement meter that is used outdoors or a high-speed moving object. Not suitable.
- Multipath is a particularly difficult timing transmission using the phase of electromagnetic waves and sound waves propagating in space.
- an object that reflects, diffracts, or scatters electromagnetic waves or sound waves in the propagation space both the direct wave of the transmitting end force and the indirect wave reflected and diffracted by these objects arrive at the receiving end, and timing accuracy is improved. I'll make you evil.
- Consideration of multipath is indispensable for timing transmission.
- the desire to send timing accurately over a bandwidth-limited path (transmitter, signal medium, and receiver as a whole) can be found throughout communications applications.
- ultrasonic rangefinders that use a 40 kHz piezoelectric ceramic vibrator, but in this case, the purpose of communication is to convey the exact timing using a transmittable waveform.
- the constraint conditions were not fully examined, such as using a method using lines, and the detection accuracy was poor. Also, it took time to make adjustments to compensate for instrumental errors.
- the method using the phase of the carrier wave has a timing detection accuracy exceeding that of the envelope method.
- the phase of force phase 2 ⁇ radians (period in time, wavelength in distance) is indeterminate, making it a short-distance displacement detector. Although it could be used, it could not be used for general timing transmission or rangefinders that require absolute distance. It was also strongly influenced by multipath.
- a specific time reference point is set in the communication waveform.
- communication is performed in a form in which a plurality of carrier waves that can be transmitted through a narrowband communication channel are simultaneously overlapped.
- the phase of each subcarrier is strictly controlled by the transmission means, and the phase is matched only at a specific timing, which is used as a time reference point.
- the receiving means receives a composite signal of each frequency, separates each carrier wave by calculation, and detects the phase.
- the time reference point is obtained by calculating the timing at which the phases match.
- the time reference point can be transmitted even in a narrow-band, poor amplitude frequency characteristic, phase frequency characteristic and a weak communication path. It can also be transmitted in a short time.
- the timing accuracy that exceeds the accuracy of the envelope method and comparable to the phase method can be obtained. The instability of the phase period seen in the phase system is avoided, and it is not easily affected by multipath.
- the receiver extracts the individual phase information by decomposing the frequency components of the received communication signal based on Equation 1! .
- the frequencies related to information transmission are handled without using general FFT, thereby reducing the effects of noise and enabling high-speed detection operations.
- the amplitude reference of each carrier from Equation 1, it is possible to efficiently demodulate quadrature amplitude modulation using a plurality of carriers.
- the present invention when the present invention is applied as a data communication system, the present invention can obtain a strict time reference point. Therefore, by cutting out the subsequent bit information in accordance with the time reference point, the performance can be improved. An asynchronous communication system can be realized.
- the phase reference and the amplitude reference can be obtained in accordance with the time reference point (see Equation 1), these references can be used for digital demodulation when the data is expressed in phase amplitude modulation. It can be used as a reference signal.
- a time reference point be obtained by phase matching from a synchronization pattern based on carrier superposition of multiple frequencies, but also the amplitude of the reference signal (a and
- phase (p and p in Equation 1) can be obtained. And they are common digital
- a synchronization pattern is placed at the beginning of a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM modulation) data packet, it is sufficient to use the amplitudes (a and a) obtained with the synchronization pattern force as the reference amplitude for demodulation.
- QAM modulation quadrature amplitude modulation
- the data packet can be divided into symbols, if the symbol rate (bit rate) is fixed, it can be performed very precisely using the time reference point, and highly reliable data demodulation is possible. is there.
- the receiver reads out the communication signal starting time! A start time is set, a communication signal for a predetermined time length is read from the set read start time, the received communication signal power is read, a plurality of phases are extracted anew based on the read communication signal, and the extracted plurality of phases are extracted. A time reference point is determined anew based on the phase.
- the phase of each frequency signal included in the communication signal and the communication based on the communication signal received by the receiver extract the angular frequency of each frequency signal included in the signal, determine the time when each phase has a predetermined relationship based on the extracted multiple phases and multiple angular frequencies, and use that time as the time reference Determine as a point.
- the receiver determines the point in time when the phases of the two frequency signals match based on the observed phase difference at any point in time. Then, use Equation 6 to determine the relevant time point as the time reference point.
- the time reference point can be determined in a short time and with high accuracy.
- the present inventors have found that the transmission of the timing signal can be performed by a method equivalent to the measurement of the group delay time in the filter.
- the present invention is characterized by the use of a complex frequency complex waveform for measuring the phase difference ⁇ necessary for determining the group delay time, and the time reference point can be determined in a short time and with high accuracy.
- a transmitter directly transmits a plurality of frequency signals having the same phase to one of ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, and light.
- a communication signal it is transmitted as a communication signal modulated with a carrier wave of another frequency or transmitted as a communication signal, and at the receiver, the communication signal of the carrier wave is directly received or modulated by any one of ultrasonic waves, electromagnetic waves, and light.
- the received communication signal is received and demodulated.
- the present invention can be applied to what can be expressed by a general linear wave.
- Equation 1 the solution of Equation 1 will be described.
- Equation 1 becomes two sets of equations (Equation 9 and Equation 10 below) with respect to the real part and the imaginary part.
- Equation 9 ( ⁇ - ⁇ ) ⁇ 2... (Equation 9) ⁇ 2 cos ⁇ , I ⁇ 5 (ri, sini3 ⁇ 4 ( ⁇ +... (Equation 1 0)
- the phases p and p correspond to the phase transfer characteristics, and the time from the coincidence time
- the reference point can be reproduced.
- Equation 1 is an equation for analyzing a composite wave (communication signal) obtained by combining (combining) two frequency signals
- the Equation 1 uses a 2 ⁇ 2 matrix.
- the present invention exhibits high performance (extraction speed, extraction accuracy, etc.) with respect to phase extraction in many applications, but when analyzing a composite wave composed of n frequency signals.
- Equation 1 can be expanded to an equation using an n X n matrix. The extension is easy for those skilled in the art.
- the distance between the transmission node 102 and the reception node 104 was measured using the ultrasonic distance measurement system 100 in the above-described embodiment.
- This measurement is quite accurate (accuracy is a fraction of the wavelength), given that the ultrasonic wavelength in air is 8.5 mm.
- this result shows that the time reference point can be transmitted with an accuracy of approximately ⁇ 3 s, which is difficult to achieve with the conventional envelope detection.
- there is no indefinite timing information transmission due to the phase period which is a problem of the method using the phase.
- the distance can be continuously measured until the zero force is about 10 m (measurement limit due to attenuation of sound waves).
- the distance measurement since the distance measurement only receives a beat waveform of about 2 ms, the time reference point can be transmitted and the distance can be measured in a very short time.
- the single beat waveform transmitted in the present invention exists only in the space as a wave packet of about 70 cm (in the case of a supersonic wave of 40 kHz). Therefore, according to the present invention, even when an obstacle exists.
- the path difference is 70cm
- the wave is not detected directly and the accuracy of measurement can be maintained without being affected by multipath. If the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is increased, the time reference point can be transmitted and the distance can be measured without being affected by the path difference.
- the instrumental error is compensated, only the phase characteristics at a specific frequency need be compensated.
- the time reference point information transmission system and the receiver used in the time reference point information transmission system that are relevant to the present invention can transmit the time reference point accurately and in a short time. It is possible to measure the distance and angle between nodes.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2007528168A JP4621924B2 (ja) | 2005-04-19 | 2006-04-19 | 時刻基準点情報伝送システムおよび受信器 |
GB0721628A GB2441667B (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2006-04-19 | Time reference point information transmitting system and receiver |
US11/874,231 US7881669B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2007-10-18 | Time reference point information transmitting system and receiver |
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US11/874,231 Continuation US7881669B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2007-10-18 | Time reference point information transmitting system and receiver |
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Cited By (4)
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WO2011087088A1 (ja) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | 大学共同利用機関法人情報・システム研究機構 | 速度・距離検出システム、速度・距離検出装置、および速度・距離検出方法 |
JP2013007647A (ja) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-01-10 | Jtekt Corp | びびり振動検出方法 |
US8845530B2 (en) | 2007-01-02 | 2014-09-30 | Isense Corporation | Resposable biosensor assembly and method of sensing |
US10452157B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2019-10-22 | Xyz Interactive Technologies Inc. | Device and method for orientation and positioning |
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JP5593062B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-30 | 2014-09-17 | 大学共同利用機関法人情報・システム研究機構 | 計測装置、計測システム、および計測方法 |
FR3040497B1 (fr) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-10-13 | Valeo Comfort & Driving Assistance | Procede de determination d'une distance entre un vehicule et un identifiant d'acces et de demarrage du vehicule |
CN106209290B (zh) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-10-09 | 清华大学 | 一种传输时延和传输距离测量系统和方法 |
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JP2003222675A (ja) * | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-08 | Fujitsu Ltd | 超音波距離測定装置及び方法 |
-
2006
- 2006-04-19 WO PCT/JP2006/308212 patent/WO2006112475A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-04-19 JP JP2007528168A patent/JP4621924B2/ja active Active
- 2006-04-19 GB GB0721628A patent/GB2441667B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2007
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JPS60218086A (ja) * | 1984-04-13 | 1985-10-31 | Nec Corp | 距離測定装置 |
JPH03233395A (ja) * | 1990-02-08 | 1991-10-17 | Marine Instr Co Ltd | 音波伝播時間測定方法 |
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US8845530B2 (en) | 2007-01-02 | 2014-09-30 | Isense Corporation | Resposable biosensor assembly and method of sensing |
WO2011087088A1 (ja) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-21 | 大学共同利用機関法人情報・システム研究機構 | 速度・距離検出システム、速度・距離検出装置、および速度・距離検出方法 |
JP5739822B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-15 | 2015-06-24 | 大学共同利用機関法人情報・システム研究機構 | 速度・距離検出システム、速度・距離検出装置、および速度・距離検出方法 |
JP2013007647A (ja) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-01-10 | Jtekt Corp | びびり振動検出方法 |
US10452157B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2019-10-22 | Xyz Interactive Technologies Inc. | Device and method for orientation and positioning |
US10996768B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2021-05-04 | Xyz Interactive Technologies Inc. | Device and method for orientation and positioning |
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GB0721628D0 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
US20080273642A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
US7881669B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 |
GB2441667B (en) | 2011-01-12 |
GB2441667A (en) | 2008-03-12 |
JPWO2006112475A1 (ja) | 2008-12-11 |
JP4621924B2 (ja) | 2011-02-02 |
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