WO2006100726A1 - 可変減衰器及び集積回路 - Google Patents
可変減衰器及び集積回路 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006100726A1 WO2006100726A1 PCT/JP2005/004986 JP2005004986W WO2006100726A1 WO 2006100726 A1 WO2006100726 A1 WO 2006100726A1 JP 2005004986 W JP2005004986 W JP 2005004986W WO 2006100726 A1 WO2006100726 A1 WO 2006100726A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- variable attenuator
- resistance element
- variable
- transmission
- output
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 22
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nobelium Chemical compound [No] ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/22—Attenuating devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a variable attenuator having broadband characteristics and an integrated circuit using the same.
- a T-type variable attenuator configured by connecting a field effect transistor (FET) in a T shape or a ⁇ shape is used.
- FET field effect transistor
- a ⁇ -type variable attenuator is known.
- a variable attenuator has been proposed that can switch between a type and a ⁇ type by controlling the gate voltage of the FET (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a broadband variable attenuator is required to have good input / output characteristics and a large attenuation.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a conventional variable attenuator.
- the variable attenuator 100 has transmission lines 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d connected in series between the input terminal 1 and the output terminal 2.
- Transmission lines 3a-3d are transmission lines with a quarter-wavelength ( ⁇ / 4).
- the variable attenuator 100 functions as a variable resistance element, and includes FETs 4a, 4b, and 4c for adjusting the impedance (AC resistance) in the variable attenuator 100, that is, the amount of attenuation by the variable attenuator 100.
- FET4a-4c is provided to correspond to each interconnection point (between 3a-3b, 3b-3c, and 3c-3d) of the transmission line.
- the drains of FETs 4a and 4c are connected to the interconnection points between transmission lines 3a and 3b and 3c and 3d via resistance elements 101 and 102, and the drains of FET 4b are connected to each other between transmission lines 3b and 3c. Connected to the connection point.
- the source of FET4a—4c is connected to ground (grounded)
- the gates of the FETs 4a-4c are connected to the control terminal 6 via resistance elements 5a-5c, respectively.
- the resistance elements 101 and 102 are inserted to improve the input / output reflection characteristics by the variable attenuator 100 to obtain good input / output characteristics, and their resistance values (impedances) are ZO (eg about 50 ohms each).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit at the time of maximum attenuation of the conventional variable attenuator 100 shown in FIG. During maximum attenuation, FE T4a- 4c is turned on by a control voltage supplied through a control terminal 6 (the ON resistance value and RON.) 0
- the resistance value Z0 of the resistance elements 101 and 102 is set between the on-resistance RON of the FET between the signal line constituted by the transmission lines 3a to 3d and the ground. Join. For this reason, the impedance seen from the node Nil in the signal line is sufficiently large. The impedance seen from the node N12 does not increase due to the influence of the resistance element 102, and the force that cannot sufficiently increase the attenuation. I got it.
- variable attenuator when a variable attenuator is configured by inserting a resistance element in series between the signal line and the ground in order to obtain good input / output characteristics, the inserted resistance element Suppresses the increase in impedance in the force signal line. As a result, the amount of attenuation (attenuation performance) in the variable attenuator deteriorated, and a large amount of attenuation could not be obtained.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-112767
- An object of the present invention is to provide a variable attenuator having good input / output characteristics and improved maximum attenuation.
- the variable attenuator of the present invention includes a plurality of transmission lines connected in series between an input terminal and an output terminal, and first and second resistance elements for improving input / output characteristics. .
- the first resistance element is connected in parallel to the transmission line connected to the input terminal, and the second resistance element is connected in parallel to the transmission line connected to the output terminal.
- the first and second resistance elements connected in parallel to the transmission line can suppress the reflection at the input / output and obtain a good input / output characteristic, and the first attenuation at the time of maximum attenuation.
- impedance in the signal line without being suppressed by the second resistance element Increases and a large attenuation can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration example of a variable attenuator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the variable attenuator shown in FIG. 1 at maximum attenuation.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing characteristics (maximum attenuation) of the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing characteristics (maximum attenuation) of a conventional variable attenuator.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a reflection characteristic (at the time of minimum attenuation) of the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a reflection characteristic (at the maximum attenuation) of the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a layout example of a variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of an integrated circuit capable of configuring the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another circuit configuration example of the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a transistor applicable to the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a transceiver device using the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a conventional variable attenuator.
- FIG. 11 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the conventional variable attenuator shown in FIG. 10 at the maximum attenuation.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration example of a variable attenuator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the variable attenuator 10 according to the present embodiment is a wideband variable attenuator having a wideband characteristic in a high frequency region and capable of adjusting the attenuation, and as shown in FIG. 1, the transmission lines 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d And field effect transistors (FETs) 4a, 4b, and 4c, and resistance elements 7 and 8 [0018]
- the plurality of transmission lines 3a to 3d are connected in series between an input terminal (IN) 1 to which a signal is input and an output terminal (OUT) 2 to output the attenuated signal.
- Each of the transmission lines 3a-3d has a line length (electric length) of a quarter wavelength ( ⁇ / 4).
- the reflection at the input end and the transmission line are The transmission and reflection reflected at the output end and returned to the input end cancel each other, and the reflection is apparently lost.
- the FETs 4a-4c are provided corresponding to the respective interconnection points of the transmission lines 3a-3d.
- Each FET 4a-4c has its drain and source connected in series between the interconnection point of the transmission lines 3a-3d and the ground (ground).
- the drain force of the FET 4a is connected to the interconnection point of the transmission lines 3a and 3b, and the source is connected to the ground (grounded).
- the drain of the FET 4b is connected to the interconnection point between the transmission lines 3b and 3c
- the drain of the FET 4c is connected to the interconnection point between the transmission lines 3c and 3d
- the sources of the FETs 4b and 4c are connected to the ground.
- the gates of FET4a-4c are connected to control terminals (CONT) 6 to which a control voltage is supplied through resistance elements 5a-5c, respectively.
- CONT control terminals
- the resistance value of the FET 4a-4c is controlled according to the control voltage supplied from the control terminal 6.
- FET4a-4c is connected in series between the interconnection point of transmission lines 3a-3d and the ground, and adjusts the impedance of variable attenuator 10, that is, the amount of signal attenuation by variable attenuator 10.
- Function as a variable resistance element Function as a variable resistance element.
- FET field-effect transistor
- the resistance value can be adjusted electrically. It is not limited to this as long as it is a variable resistance element.
- the resistance elements 7 and 8 are for matching input / output and improving input / output reflection characteristics, and their resistance values (impedances) are Z0 (for example, about 50 ohms each).
- the resistance element 7 is connected in parallel to a transmission line 3 a having one end connected to the input terminal 1, and the resistance element 8 is connected in parallel to a transmission line 3 d having one end connected to the output terminal 2.
- the resistance element 7 has one end connected to the interconnection point between the input terminal 1 and the transmission line 3a, and the other end connected to the interconnection point between the transmission lines 3a and 3b.
- Resistive element 8 One end is connected to the interconnection point between the transmission lines 3c and 3d, and the other end is connected to the interconnection point between the transmission line 3d and the output terminal 2.
- variable attenuator 10 shown in Fig. 1 has the gate voltage of FET4a-4c applied from the control terminal 6
- variable attenuator 10 By controlling the resistance of FET4a-4c based on (control voltage), the impedance of the signal line in variable attenuator 10 is adjusted. That is, in the variable attenuator 10, the attenuation amount at the variable attenuator 10 is controlled by the control voltage applied from the control terminal 6 so that the signal is attenuated by a desired attenuation amount, and is input from the input terminal 1. The signal is attenuated and output from output terminal 2.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit at the time of maximum attenuation of the variable attenuator 10 shown in FIG.
- the FET 4a-4c is turned on by the control voltage applied from the control terminal 6, and its resistance value (ON resistance) becomes RON.
- variable attenuator 10 uses the transmission lines 3a-3d as shown in FIG.
- the only impedance between the configured signal line and ground is the on-resistance RON of the FET.
- variable attenuator 10 can improve the maximum attenuation compared to the conventional case in which the input / output characteristics are deteriorated.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagram showing the characteristics (maximum attenuation) of the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing the characteristics (maximum attenuation) of the conventional variable attenuator for comparison and reference. is there.
- the horizontal axis represents signal input power
- the vertical axis represents signal output power and attenuation (difference between output power and input power).
- OP1 indicates the output power according to the input power
- MAI indicates the maximum attenuation according to the input power.
- OP2 and MA2 indicate the output power and the maximum attenuation according to the input power, respectively.
- the maximum attenuation (about 12 dB) of the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment is the maximum attenuation (about 1 dB) of the conventional variable attenuator.
- the maximum attenuation of the variable attenuator larger than 8dB) is improved.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing the reflection characteristics of the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4A shows the case of the minimum attenuation
- FIG. 4B shows the case of the maximum attenuation.
- the horizontal axis represents the signal frequency
- the vertical axis represents the reflection amount (right axis) and the loss amount (left axis).
- S11 indicates the amount of reflection
- S21 indicates the amount of loss.
- variable attenuator can obtain a good input / output characteristic with a small amount of reflection at both the minimum attenuation and the maximum attenuation.
- amount of reflection is preferably (-10 dB) or less.
- the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment has a reflection amount of (1 OdB) in the microwave band (about 3 GHz or more). And has very good input / output characteristics.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a layout example of the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- 51 is an input terminal
- 52 is an output terminal
- 56 is a control terminal, which correspond to the input terminal 1, output terminal 2, and control terminal 6 shown in FIG. 53a-53d is a quarter-wave transmission line, and corresponds to the transmission lines 3a-3d shown in FIG.
- Reference numerals 54a to 54c denote FETs, which correspond to the FETs 4a to 4c shown in FIG.
- FET 54a-54c for example, a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) using gallium nitride (GaN) is applied.
- HEMT high electron mobility transistor
- GaN gallium nitride
- HBT hetero-junction bipolar transistor
- Reference numerals 57 and 58 denote resistors having a resistance value of 50 ohms, which correspond to the resistance elements 7 and 8 shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the connection between the gate of the FET 54a-54c and the control terminal 56 Wiring etc. are not shown in the figure.
- variable attenuator has a circuit element on the same semiconductor plate such as an MMIC (microwave monolithic integrated circuit) shown in a schematic sectional view in FIG. It can be configured as a monolithic integrated circuit monolithically integrated.
- MMIC microwave monolithic integrated circuit
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a part of the MMIC that can configure the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- GaN HEMT is shown as an example, 61 is a substrate (for example, SiC), 62 is a (high purity) channel layer (for example, GaN), 64 is a carrier supply layer (operation layer), 63 is an insulating layer (for example, SiO 2). 65 is connected to the drain electrode D
- Wiring 66 is a wiring (for example, ground wiring) connected to the source electrode S, and 67 is an arbitrary wiring. In FIG. 6, the wiring connected to the gate electrode G is not shown.
- variable attenuator according to the present embodiment can also be configured as a monolithic integrated circuit using these.
- variable attenuator uses GaN, InP, GaAs, Si, and the like to integrate active elements such as FETs on a semiconductor substrate and integrate passive elements on an insulating substrate such as an alumina substrate. It can also be configured as a multi-chip integrated circuit in which a semiconductor substrate on which active elements are integrated and an insulating substrate on which passive elements are integrated.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another circuit configuration example of the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment.
- components having the same functions as those shown in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- variable attenuator 70 shown in FIG. 7 is configured in the same manner as the variable attenuator 10 shown in FIG. 1.
- a resistive element 7 for matching input / output and improving input / output reflection characteristics
- variable resistance elements 71 and 72 are used as a resistive element for matching input / output and improving input / output reflection characteristics.
- the variable resistance elements 71 and 72 are composed of transistors such as FETs, for example.
- the variable resistance element 71 is connected in parallel to the transmission line 3 a having one end connected to the input terminal 1, and the variable resistance element 72 is connected in parallel to the transmission line 3 d having one end connected to the output terminal 2.
- the operating principle is the same as that of the variable attenuator 10 shown in FIG. Is omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an apparatus for an RF transceiver configured using the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment described above.
- 81 is a high output voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), 82 is a mixer (up-comparator), 83 is dry, 84 is a bandpass filter (BPF), 85 is a variable attenuator, 86 is High power amplifier (AMP), 87 is an antenna. 88 is a low noise amplifier (LNA), 89 is a bandpass filter (BPF), 90 is a variable attenuator, 91 is a mixer (down converter), SW1 and SW2 are SPDT (single pole double throw) switches.
- VCO voltage controlled oscillator
- 82 is a mixer (up-comparator)
- 83 is dry
- 84 is a bandpass filter (BPF)
- 85 is a variable attenuator
- 86 is High power amplifier (AMP)
- 87 is an antenna.
- 88 is a low noise amplifier (LNA)
- 89 is a bandpass filter (BPF)
- 90 is a variable attenuator
- 91 is a mixer
- Transmission signal input terminal The transmission IF signal (intermediate frequency signal) input from the SS is transmitted by the up-converter 82 based on the oscillation signal of the high output VC081 supplied via the switch SW 1. RF signal Converted to (high frequency signal). The transmission RF signal output from the up-converter 82 is filtered by the BPF 84 via the driver 83, and unnecessary frequency components are cut.
- the transmission RF signal output from BPF 84 is attenuated by a predetermined attenuation amount by variable attenuator 85, the output level is adjusted, and further amplified by AMP 86.
- the transmit RF signal amplified by AMP86 is supplied to antenna 87 via switch SW2 and transmitted from antenna 87.
- the output level can be adjusted by providing the variable attenuator according to this embodiment on the transmission side.
- the received RF signal received by antenna 87 is sent to LNA 88 via switch SW2. Supplied and amplified by LNA88.
- the received RF signal amplified by LNA 88 is supplied to down converter 91 after being filtered by BPF 84.
- the received RF signal supplied to the down converter 91 is converted into a reception IF signal by the down converter 91 based on the local oscillation signal based on the oscillation signal of the high output VC081, and output from the reception signal output terminal RS.
- the local oscillation signal supplied to the down converter 91 is a signal obtained by attenuating the oscillation signal of the high output VC081 by the variable attenuator 85 with a predetermined attenuation amount.
- the oscillation signal of the high output VC081 is also used to downconvert the received RF signal by the down converter 91. If the output is too large, inconvenience may occur in the reception side processing.
- the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment between the high output VC081 and the down converter 91, the level of the local oscillation signal supplied to the down converter 91 can be adjusted.
- FIG. 9 shows the RF transceiver device using the variable attenuator according to the present embodiment on both the transmission side and the reception side, but this embodiment is implemented on either the transmission side or the reception side.
- a variable attenuator can be applied depending on the configuration.
- the resistance element for improving the input / output reflection characteristics is connected in parallel to the transmission line connected to the input terminal and the output terminal.
- the amount of attenuation without deteriorating the input / output characteristics of the variable attenuator can be increased compared to the conventional case, and the maximum attenuation can be improved while having good input / output characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/004986 WO2006100726A1 (ja) | 2005-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | 可変減衰器及び集積回路 |
JP2007509080A JP4202405B2 (ja) | 2005-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | 可変減衰器及び集積回路 |
US11/902,065 US7453329B2 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2007-09-18 | Variable attenuator and integrated circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2005/004986 WO2006100726A1 (ja) | 2005-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | 可変減衰器及び集積回路 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/902,065 Continuation US7453329B2 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2007-09-18 | Variable attenuator and integrated circuit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006100726A1 true WO2006100726A1 (ja) | 2006-09-28 |
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PCT/JP2005/004986 WO2006100726A1 (ja) | 2005-03-18 | 2005-03-18 | 可変減衰器及び集積回路 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7453329B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4202405B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006100726A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2302738A2 (en) | 2009-09-28 | 2011-03-30 | Fujitsu Limited | Communication device |
RU2461920C1 (ru) * | 2011-08-03 | 2012-09-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-производственное предприятие "Исток" (ФГУП НПП "Исток") | Широкополосный аттенюатор свч с непрерывным управлением |
JP2015055529A (ja) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-23 | 株式会社東芝 | レーダ装置の受信モジュール |
CN115622586A (zh) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-01-17 | 西安博瑞集信电子科技有限公司 | 一种高集成度射频开关芯片 |
US11848647B2 (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2023-12-19 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Doherty amplifier |
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US7936210B2 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2011-05-03 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Gallium nitride traveling wave structures |
FR2931300B1 (fr) * | 2008-05-16 | 2016-10-21 | Thales Sa | Commutateur hyperfrequence et module d'emission et de reception comportant un tel commutateur |
US7893791B2 (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2011-02-22 | The Boeing Company | Gallium nitride switch methodology |
US10027366B2 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2018-07-17 | Raytheon Company | High power radio frequency (RF) antenna switch |
KR101684027B1 (ko) | 2014-12-24 | 2016-12-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 차량 모터 제어 장치 및 방법 |
EP3324540B1 (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-07-31 | HENSOLDT Sensors GmbH | Apparatus and method for varying amplitude and phase of signals along multiple parallel signal paths |
US10064119B2 (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-08-28 | Google Llc | Attenuation device in transmitter system |
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EP2302738A2 (en) | 2009-09-28 | 2011-03-30 | Fujitsu Limited | Communication device |
US8326235B2 (en) | 2009-09-28 | 2012-12-04 | Fujitsu Limited | Communication device |
RU2461920C1 (ru) * | 2011-08-03 | 2012-09-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Научно-производственное предприятие "Исток" (ФГУП НПП "Исток") | Широкополосный аттенюатор свч с непрерывным управлением |
JP2015055529A (ja) * | 2013-09-11 | 2015-03-23 | 株式会社東芝 | レーダ装置の受信モジュール |
US11848647B2 (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2023-12-19 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Doherty amplifier |
CN115622586A (zh) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-01-17 | 西安博瑞集信电子科技有限公司 | 一种高集成度射频开关芯片 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7453329B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 |
JPWO2006100726A1 (ja) | 2008-08-28 |
JP4202405B2 (ja) | 2008-12-24 |
US20080032653A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
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