WO2006098086A1 - 飛行時間質量分析計 - Google Patents
飛行時間質量分析計 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006098086A1 WO2006098086A1 PCT/JP2006/301150 JP2006301150W WO2006098086A1 WO 2006098086 A1 WO2006098086 A1 WO 2006098086A1 JP 2006301150 W JP2006301150 W JP 2006301150W WO 2006098086 A1 WO2006098086 A1 WO 2006098086A1
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- electrode
- time
- mass spectrometer
- flight mass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/34—Dynamic spectrometers
- H01J49/40—Time-of-flight spectrometers
- H01J49/401—Time-of-flight spectrometers characterised by orthogonal acceleration, e.g. focusing or selecting the ions, pusher electrode
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mass spectrometer that analyzes the mass of particles and ions, and more particularly to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
- ions are accelerated in an accelerating unit by an electric field, and then a flight time is measured until a certain distance is made to fly and reach a detector. Since the time of flight is proportional to the mass-to-charge ratio, the time-of-flight measurement force mass can be determined.
- an electric field lens, a reflected electric field (reflector), or the like is arranged in the middle of the path from the acceleration unit to the detector.
- the ion acceleration part used in the conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer is composed of a flat plate or a mesh-structured push-out electrode and a flat plate or mesh-plate extraction electrode having a hole in the center. Consists of It has a structure in which these electrodes are installed in parallel. In addition to these electrodes, a plurality of electrodes may be provided. Different potentials are applied to these electrodes, and ions are accelerated by an electric field generated between the electrodes (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- FIG. 2 and 3 are conceptual diagrams showing a conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer in cross section.
- Fig. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer of a linear type (in the case of a two-stage acceleration unit, lens system and detector), and
- Fig. 3 is a reflector type (a single-stage acceleration unit, lens system and detector).
- It is a conceptual diagram of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
- the potential of the extraction electrode is zero, that is, the ground potential, and a predetermined voltage is applied to the extrusion electrode.
- 11 is neutral particles or ions to be introduced
- 12 extrusion electrode 13 is intermediate electrode
- 14 is ground electrode
- 15 is lens system
- 16 detector
- 17 extraction electrode
- 18 is a reflector.
- the voltage applied to the extrusion electrode 12 may be a steady voltage.
- a method is used in which neutral particles are ionized with a laser pulse at a predetermined position (acceleration start position) between the extrusion electrode 12 and the extraction electrode 17. Neutral particles become ions. Instantaneous force is accelerated by the electric field between the extrusion electrode 12 and the extraction electrode 17.
- the voltage of the extrusion electrode 12 is initially set to zero. At the moment when the ion reaches the acceleration start position described above, a predetermined voltage is applied to the push-out electrode 12 in a step shape. In the case of FIG. 3, the ion is accelerated by the electric field between the extrusion electrode 12 and the extraction electrode 17 from the moment when the voltage is applied to the extrusion electrode 12.
- the acceleration start position is actually a finite size, not a point, the flight distance of ions and the kinetic energy obtained by accelerating the ions with an electric field have a distribution.
- a Wiley-McLaren type two-stage acceleration unit and a reflected electric field (reflector) are used.
- a technique of accelerating ions perpendicularly to the direction of introduction in the acceleration unit is often used. Since ION has introduced energy, a lens system 15 is required after the acceleration unit to control the ion trajectory and guide it to the detector. Conventionally, an XY deflection lens, a Weinzel lens, or a quadrupole lens is used as the lens system 15. An electric field is generated by applying a predetermined voltage to these lenses, and ion trajectories are controlled. In reality, the introduced energy has a distribution, so it is necessary to use an excellent ion lens system.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-36282
- the extrusion-side electrode is a quadratic curved surface or a cubic curved surface
- the extraction-side electrode has a hole or a pinhole, and is wide in the acceleration section.
- a technique for forming an electric field that focuses strong ions into holes or pinholes is disclosed.
- this technique requires a lens system to reach the detector because the ion trajectory after the pinhole is widened.
- the technology described in the publication is aimed at improving detection sensitivity by increasing ion intensity and reducing noise. It is important to correct orbital changes due to introduced energy and as an analyzer. Time has been studied to improve convergence (mass resolution)!
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-140047 describes a hot cathode, an anode, and an ion.
- the anode In an electron impact ion source with a three-electrode structure of the extraction electrode, the anode is formed in a hemispherical shape, and a closed hemisphere in which a metal lattice or a metal mesh is joined to the open end side of the hemispherical anode to form an integral structure.
- a hot cathode disposed on the outer circumference of the anode on the hemispherical side, and an ion extracting electrode disposed on the cross-sectional side of the anode are disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-212254 uses an ion source for a quadrupole mass analyzer and has a first extraction electrode having a spherical surface and a central orifice having a relatively large width.
- a disk-shaped second coaxial electrode and a disk-shaped third electrode force having a relatively small central orifice so as to form a hemispherical equipotential surface between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- This adjustment is disclosed.
- this technique has an electric field shape that converts an asymmetric ion beam introduced into an ion source into a beam that can pass through a small circular orifice, and thereby the ion source. It is characterized by using a large ionic volume that spreads throughout to improve sensitivity. For this reason, the optimum electrode shape and electric field shape force S are determined so that ions spreading over the entire ion source can be efficiently extracted as a beam.
- Patent Document 5 (US Pat. No. 3,678,267) describes gas ions ionized by an electron beam as an ion source comprising a concave shaped repeller. Techniques relating to an ion source for efficiently cutting out a bow I are disclosed. These ions are generated in the extraction gap (ionization space) between the extraction electrode and the extrusion electrode with a concave inner surface. These ions pass through the extraction electrode and are extracted by the electric field generated by the acceleration electrode.
- the concave shape of the extrusion electrode is a hemispherical shape, a cylindrical shape, etc., and generates a potential in the ionization space that can efficiently extract ions regardless of the acceleration potential. In other words, it has three electrodes: a push-out electrode, a lead-out electrode, and an acceleration electrode whose inner surface is concave, and is characterized by an electric field that can efficiently extract ions.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-346704
- Patent Document 2 JP 2000-36282 A
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-140047
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-212254
- Patent Document 5 U.S. Pat.No. 3,678,267
- a conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer uses a Wiley-McLaren two-stage accelerator and a reflected electric field (reflector) to correct the distribution of acceleration start positions of ions and obtain high mass resolution.
- the Wiley-McLaren type two-stage accelerating unit consists of three or more electrodes, and these electrodes must be given different voltages.
- the conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer is a method of accelerating ions perpendicularly to the direction of introduction thereof, and therefore a lens system for controlling the ion trajectory is required after the acceleration unit.
- such a lens system is configured with a plurality of electrode forces, and it is necessary to apply different voltages to these electrodes.
- a new method that simplifies the acceleration unit and the lens system while maintaining high performance characteristics has been desired.
- the main object of the present invention is to simplify the accelerating unit in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer and to perform accurate mass analysis without using a lens system.
- the accelerating portion includes an extrusion electrode and an extraction electrode having a hole, and the inner surface of the extrusion electrode on the extraction electrode side has a curved shape,
- the accelerating unit converges the time-of-flight distribution associated with the deviation of the ion acceleration start position, and corrects the ion introduction energy distribution to perform trajectory control.
- another time-of-flight mass spectrometer according to the present invention is the time-of-flight mass spectrometer, wherein the curved surface shape of the push-out electrode is a substantially paraboloid shape, a substantially hyperboloid shape, and a substantially hemispherical surface. It is formed into a shape or the like.
- the accelerating portion includes a push-out electrode and a lead-out electrode having a hole, and the push-out electrode includes a plurality of electrodes, and the push-out electrode
- the equipotential surface in the vicinity has a curved surface shape, and the accelerating unit converges the time-of-flight distribution accompanying the shift of the acceleration start position of the ions and corrects the distribution of the ion introduction energy to control the trajectory. It is characterized by performing.
- time-of-flight mass spectrometer is the time-of-flight mass spectrometer, wherein the curved surface shape of the equipotential surface of the push-out electrode is a substantially paraboloidal shape or a substantially hyperboloidal shape. It is formed in a substantially hemispherical shape or the like.
- time-of-flight mass spectrometer is the time-of-flight mass spectrometer, wherein the extraction electrode with the hole is a circle, an ellipse or an oval, a rectangle, etc. It is a flat plate with a polygonal hole.
- another time-of-flight mass spectrometer according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer, the lead-out electrode having a hole has a mesh structure.
- time-of-flight mass spectrometer is characterized in that a plurality of the extraction electrodes are provided in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
- another time-of-flight mass spectrometer is characterized in that, in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer, an opening is formed in a central portion of the push-out electrode opposite to the extraction electrode arrangement side.
- a sample holding base is disposed opposite to the opening, and the particles held on the sample holding base are ionized and emitted by laser irradiation.
- time-of-flight mass spectrometer is characterized in that, in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer, ions that are also released from the extraction electrode force are reflected by a reflector and guided to a detector.
- another time-of-flight mass spectrometer provides a neutral particle or ion to be introduced into the push-out electrode composed of the plurality of electrodes V, in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It introduce
- the present invention is configured as described above. In the technique of Patent Document 2, as described in the publication, the lead-side electrode is a hole or a pinhole, and the mesh is formed.
- the technique of Patent Document 5 is a technique for efficiently using ions that are widely spread in the ionization space, and an electrode shape is formed so as to form an electric field that can efficiently use these ions. And the position between electrodes, and the applied potential are adjusted.
- Large and wide in the ion source Therefore, in the present invention, only ions existing in the vicinity of a certain point on the Z axis are used, and ions that are widely spread in the ion source are not used. The point is very different. Also, in the present invention, for ions starting from a certain point on the Z-axis, the trajectory of ions with introduced energy is made parallel to the Z-axis, and the start position distribution is corrected and time converged to achieve mass resolution.
- the present invention is configured as described above, the effects of both the conventional acceleration unit and the ion lens system can be realized with only the push-out electrode and the extraction electrode.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of an acceleration unit in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a conventional linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a conventional reflector type time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer having a one-stage acceleration unit.
- FIG. 5 Schematic diagram of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a Wiley-McLaren type two-stage accelerator shown with potential distribution.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer of the present invention shown with a potential distribution.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the device dimensions and voltage when the inner surface of the extruded electrode has a parabolic shape.
- FIG. 8 In the same figure, the device dimensions and voltage are shown in a standardized manner.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a simulation result of the specific example shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of calculation results of the electric field and ion trajectory of the acceleration part of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer using the acceleration electrode as a paraboloid in the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the electric field and ion trajectory of the acceleration part of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer in which the acceleration electrode is a hyperboloid in the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the electric field and ion trajectory of the acceleration part of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer in which the acceleration electrode has a hemispherical shape in the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing another example of calculation results of the electric field and ion trajectory of the acceleration part of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer using the acceleration electrode as a paraboloid in the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer with one-stage acceleration according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer using two-stage acceleration according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a reflector type time-of-flight mass spectrometer of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example in which an opening is formed in the center of the acceleration electrode in the present invention, a holding base for holding sample particles is provided on the back side, and ionized ions are emitted.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the acceleration unit in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of calculation results of the electric field and ion trajectory of the acceleration unit of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of calculation results of the electric field and ion trajectory of the acceleration unit of a conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the results of a prototype of a mass analyzer with a total length of about 50 cm and an analysis experiment of a metal cluster beam in order to confirm the operation and effect of the present invention.
- the problem that the functions of both the conventional acceleration unit and the ion lens system are realized by only the extrusion electrode and the extraction electrode is an issue in which the acceleration unit has an extrusion electrode and a bow with a hole.
- the inner surface of the push-out electrode on the extraction electrode side has a curved surface shape, and the accelerating unit converges the time-of-flight distribution accompanying the deviation of the ion acceleration start position and introduces ions. This was realized by correcting the energy distribution and performing trajectory control.
- the neutral force introduced from the outside of the accelerating unit is ionized with a laser to produce a monovalent positive ion. /.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an acceleration unit in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer of the present invention.
- the X-axis is the direction in which the neutral particle 1 to be measured is introduced, and this is ionized with a laser at the acceleration start position 6, and the ion 1 is perpendicular to the X-axis by the extruded electrode 2 shown in the longitudinal section. Accelerate in the Z-axis direction.
- the Y axis is the direction perpendicular to both the X and Z axes.
- the extraction electrode 3 preferably has a flat plate structure having a hole in the center and a flat plate or a mesh structure.
- FIG. 1 shows a parallel plate having a mesh structure 4.
- the lead electrode with the hole may be a flat plate with a polygonal hole such as a circle, ellipse, oval, or rectangle in the center, and the ellipse, oval, or rectangle hole is in the X-axis direction.
- the major axis The major axis.
- the inner surface 2a of the portion facing the lead electrode side forms a curved shape
- A is an arbitrary parameter.
- A is preferably such that the inner diameter force of the front end portion 2b of the push-out electrode is approximately the same as the diameter and length of the detection surface of the detector.
- the shape of the portion that does not face the extraction electrode side is an arbitrary shape, and in FIG.
- the curved shape of the extrusion electrode may be a substantially hyperboloid shape as shown in FIG. 11 or a substantially hemispherical shape as shown in FIG. It was confirmed that the same effect was obtained.
- Neutral particles 1 are introduced from introduction path 5 to acceleration start position 6.
- ion start positions For example, in the case of laser ions, since the laser condensing diameter is finite, ion starting positions (acceleration starting positions) are distributed. When the ion start position (acceleration start position) is distributed, the energy that the ions obtain from the electric field force is distributed and the flight speed is distributed.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer having a one-stage acceleration unit.
- the accelerating electrode is composed of an extruded electrode having a potential VI and a ground electrode cable having a ground potential.
- ion 19 black circle
- ion 20 white circle
- ion 20 white circle
- ion 20 (white circle) is closer to the extraction electrode and starts from the position, so it passes through the extraction electrode at an earlier time. Therefore, after passing through the extraction electrode, there are positions where the ion 19 (black circle) and force ion 20 (white circle) are added, attached, added and removed. This position is called space focus. By disposing the detector at this space focus position, it is possible to correct the acceleration start position and accurately measure the ion mass without reducing the mass resolution.
- the time-of-flight mass analyzer that measures the quantity requires a certain long flight distance, and when the detector is placed at 2 L, the flight distance is too short and the ion mass is correctly adjusted.
- Wiley-McLaren type two-stage accelerator is a means to overcome this.
- Figure 5 shows a conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a Wiley-McLaren two-stage accelerator.
- a schematic diagram is shown.
- Fig. 5 (e) is a graph showing the potential distribution on the central axis (z-axis) corresponding to Fig. 5 (a)-(d). Is also shown.
- the acceleration electrode is composed of an extrusion electrode 12 having a potential VI, an intermediate electrode 13 having a potential V2, and a ground electrode 14 having a ground potential.
- Two ions 19, 20 with the same mass and charge but different acceleration start positions are indicated by black and white circles, respectively.
- the ion flight process is shown in order from the acceleration start position (a) to the detector (d) in (a)-(d).
- the space focus position can be made far enough, and ions can fly for the flight distance necessary for mass separation.
- the time-of-flight difference between ions with different masses is increased, and ions with different acceleration start positions are reached simultaneously with the same mass and charge. Can be made. Since a high mass resolution can be obtained in this way, the Wiley-McLaren two-stage accelerator is often used as an accelerator for mass analyzers.
- FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are explanatory views of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 of the present invention, in which an accelerating portion composed of the extrusion electrode 2 and the extraction electrode 3 at the potential VI is shown.
- FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a detector 16.
- FIG. 6 (b) shows the potential distribution on the Z-axis in the calo speed electrode at the bottom corresponding to FIG. 6 (a). It is shown. This potential distribution approximates the Wiley-McLaren type two-stage accelerator shown in Fig.
- the acceleration start position Different ions can reach the detector at the same time. It can also be seen from this electrode distribution that the space focus position is far enough away.
- the space focus position can be set far away.
- Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the device dimensions and voltage when the inner surface of the extruded electrode is a parabolic shape
- Fig. 8 is a diagram expressing the device dimensions and voltage in a normalized manner. is there.
- the space focus position is the distance between the extrusion electrode and extraction electrode in Fig. 8 and the radius of the open end of the extrusion electrode! : Depends on the acceleration start position s.
- acceleration start position s is 0.2
- space focus position d is 19.
- the space focus position can be made sufficiently far away.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the calculation results of the electric field and ion trajectory of the acceleration unit of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer according to the present invention.
- Figure 10 shows the electric field calculation results when the potential of the extruded electrode 2 is 1,048V.
- the inner surface 2a of the extrusion electrode 2 has a parabolic shape, an electric field gradient and a position distribution in the direction thereof are reflected.
- 8 indicates an equipotential line of the electric field.
- the potential at the ion acceleration start position 6 is 1, OOOV. This force is also a monovalent ion accelerated by an electric field.
- the potential of the extraction electrode 3 is OV.
- FIG. 10 also shows an orbital curve for ions having an introduction energy of 0 to 50 eV.
- 21 is an OeV orbit
- 22 is a 10 eV orbit
- 23 is a 20 eV orbit
- 24 is a 30 eV orbit
- 25 is a 40 eV orbit
- 26 is a 50 eV orbit.
- the ions are only accelerated by the electric field, and the trajectory is corrected by the distribution of the gradient and direction of the electric field.
- An ion with zero introduced energy is accelerated only in the z-axis direction from the acceleration start position 6 to the extraction electrode 3, and the trajectory also travels along the z-axis.
- the trajectory of ions having an introduction energy of up to about 50 eV is controlled,
- the orbit after the acceleration part can be guided almost parallel to the z axis.
- the orbit of the ion can be controlled to guide the orbit after the acceleration part to the detector 16 almost in parallel to the z-axis.
- Such a characteristic can be realized by a pair of electrodes in the present invention, which has been realized by a combination of an acceleration unit and a quadrupole lens.
- Fig. 10, 9 indicates a neutral particle or ion guide.
- Fig. 13 shows the ion trajectory with the potential at the acceleration start position of ions of 1, OOOV and the introduction energy of 0 to 200eV.
- 27 represents the ion orbit of introduced energy lOOeV
- 28 represents the orbit of ion of introduced energy 150eV
- 29 represents the path of ion of introduced energy 200eV. Note that description of symbols that are the same as those in FIG. 10 is omitted.
- FIGS. 14 to 16 are conceptual views showing examples of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer of the present invention in cross section.
- Fig. 14 shows a linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer with one-stage acceleration
- Fig. 15 shows a linear-type time-of-flight mass spectrometer with two-stage calorie speed
- Fig. 16 shows a reflector-type time-of-flight mass spectrometer. 14 to 16
- the reference numerals are the same as those in FIGS. In the conventional time-of-flight mass spectrometer shown in FIGS.
- the acceleration unit and the ion optical system require many electrodes, whereas in the present invention, the acceleration unit and the ion optical system are extruded electrodes. With only a pair of electrodes 2 and extraction electrode 3, particles and ions 1 can fly to the detector 16.
- any conventional members of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer can be used for members other than the acceleration and ion optical systems.
- the acceleration unit according to the present invention can make the space focus position far away, and even if there is a distribution of energy introduced into the acceleration unit, the trajectory is controlled and led to the detector. Has a lens effect that can be.
- a detector is arranged at the space focus position.
- the extrusion electrode may be formed of a plurality of electrodes without integrating the extrusion electrode, and the equipotential surface in the vicinity of the electrode may have a substantially parabolic shape. An effect equivalent to that of the embodiment can be obtained.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the acceleration unit in this embodiment, and FIG. 19 shows the calculation results of the electric field and ion trajectory of the acceleration unit.
- FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of the accelerating portion as in FIG.
- the front end of the extrusion electrode is composed of a plurality of hollow disk-shaped electrodes 2c. Other reference numerals are the same as those shown in FIG. Again, a voltage is applied to the extrusion electrode 2 from the power source 7 and the ions 1 are accelerated by an electric field generated between the extrusion electrode 2 and the extraction electrode 3.
- Fig. 19 shows the electric field in the case where the potential of the extrusion electrode 2 composed of a plurality of electrodes shown in the cross section is 1, 048V, the potential of the ion acceleration start position 6 is 1, OOOV, and the potential of the extraction electrode 3 is OV.
- the calculation results are shown.
- the reference numerals in FIG. 19 are the same as those shown in FIG.
- the equipotential line indicating the equipotential surface 8 in the vicinity of the extrusion electrode has a parabolic shape. The surface shape. Even in this case, a trajectory similar to that of ions in the ion optical system using the conventional acceleration unit and the two-stage quadrupole lens 31 shown in FIG. 20 can be drawn.
- FIG. 12 those similar to those shown in FIG. 10 are not described.
- the number of electrodes constituting the extrusion electrode is not particularly limited, but is preferably composed of two electrodes arranged with an ion introduction path therebetween.
- the method of dividing the acceleration electrode as described above is the same when the acceleration electrode has a hyperboloid shape or a spherical shape.
- Mass spectrometry could be performed with moderately high mass resolution (about 1,200 in terms of half-value width) and wide mass range (1-: LOO, OOOuZe). Where u is the electron mass unit and e is the elementary charge.
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JP2007508025A JP4691712B2 (ja) | 2005-03-17 | 2006-01-25 | 飛行時間質量分析計 |
US11/908,758 US20080290269A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2006-01-25 | Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4691712B2 (ja) | 2011-06-01 |
US20080290269A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
JPWO2006098086A1 (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
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