Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
  • C07K5/08—Tripeptides
  • C07K5/0815—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being basic
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
  • C07K5/06—Dipeptides
  • C07K5/06086—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being basic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K7/50—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link
  • C07K7/54—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring
  • C07K7/60—Cyclic peptides containing at least one abnormal peptide link with at least one abnormal peptide link in the ring the cyclisation occurring through the 4-amino group of 2,4-diamino-butanoic acid
  • C07K7/62—Polymyxins; Related peptides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K7/64—Cyclic peptides containing only normal peptide links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
  • Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

• novel peptides and novel protected peptides derived from polymyxin and octapeptin peptides including, e.g., colistin, circulin A, polymyxin A, polymyxin B 1 polymyxin D, octapeptin B, octapeptin C, and [Ile 7 ]polymyxin B-i.
• the novel peptides and novel protected peptides have antibacterial properties.
• pharmaceutical compositions containing the novel peptides and novel protected peptides, as well as methods for preparing the novel peptides and novel protected peptides are also disclosed.
• Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to aminoglycoside, ⁇ -lactam, and fluoroquinolone antibiotics are increasingly common. These bacteria are often susceptible to the polymyxins and related peptides having antibacterial properties (Refs. 1 , 10, 23). As a result, there is interest in the use of polymyxins for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in humans (Ref. 23).
• Peptides such as polymyxin B and the related colistin (polymyxin E) have been administered to humans as antibacterial agents. However, their use has been previously restricted because of their toxicity. These peptides comprise a seven amino acid cyclic peptide attached to an exocyclic three amino acid chain, wherein the N-terminal amine of the exocyclic chain is linked to a "side chain” or "tail". The tail is most commonly an acyl group.
• novel peptides such as peptide antibiotics and/or other peptides having antibacterial properties, and methods for preparing the peptides.
• the compounds disclosed herein can provide structural diversity in the exocyclic region (the exocyclic amino acids and tail) of the cyclic peptide. Definitions
• Acyl refers to a carbonyl radical attached to an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl group.
• acyls include, but are not limited to: (1 ) "unsubstituted alkanoyl,” which is defined as carbonyl radical attached to an unsubstituted alkyl group; (2) “unsubstituted alkenoyl,” which is defined as carbonyl radical attached to an unsubstituted alkenyl group; (3) “substituted alkanoyl,” which is defined as a carbonyl radical attached to a substituted alkyl group, in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent group selected from acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyamido, carboxyamino, cyano, disubstituted amino, formyl, guanidino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, imino
• Acylamino refers to an amino group bonded to an acyl group.
• acyloxy refers to an oxygen radical substituted with an acyl group.
• acyloxy is substituted with an acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyamido, carboxyamino, cyano, disubstituted amino, formyl, guanidino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, iminoamino, monosubstituted amino, nitro, oxo, phosphonamino, sulfinyl, sulfonamino, sulfonyl, thio, thioacylamino, thioureido, or ureido group.
• an "addition reagent,” as used herein, is a compound that can react with an amino group such as the N-terminus of a peptide, thereby chemically modifying the amino group by addition of all, or a component, of the addition reagent to the amino group.
• An addition reagent may also be, for example, an isocyanate, isothiocyanate, activated ester, acid chloride, sulfonyl chloride, activated sulfonamide, activated heterocycle, activated heteroaryl, chloroformate, cyanoformate, thioacylester, phosphoryl chloride, phosphoramidate, imidate, or lactone.
• An addition reagent may also be an aldehyde or ketone that reacts with an amine under reductive conditions to form an alkylated amine.
• An addition reagent may also be an activated amino acid, or an amino acid and a peptide coupling reagent, such as, e.g., PyBOP ® (benzotriazole-1 -yl-oxy-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate), HBtU (2-(1 H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate), HBtU/HOBt (2-(1 H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate / N-hydroxybenzotriazole), or DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide).
• PyBOP ® benzotriazole-1 -yl-oxy-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
• HBtU 2-(1 H
• alkenyl refers to linear or branched radicals having 2-20 carbon atoms, such as 2-12, 2-10, or 2-6 carbon atoms, and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
• One or more hydrogen atoms can also be replaced by a substituent group selected from acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyamido, carboxyamino, cyano, disubstituted amino, formyl, guanidino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, iminoamino, monosubstituted amino, nitro, oxo, phosphonamino, sulfinyl, sulfonamino, sulfonyl, thio, thioacylamin
• the double bond portion(s) of the unsaturated hydrocarbon chain may be either in the cis or trans configuration.
• alkenyls include "unsubstituted alkenyl,” which is defined as an alkenyl group that bears no substituent groups.
• alkenyl groups include ethenyl, 2-phenyl-1-ethenyl, prop-1-en-2-yl, prop-2-en-1-yl (allyl), prop-1-en-1-yl, cycloprop-1-en-1-yl; cycloprop-2-en-1-yl, but-1-en-1-yl, but-1-en-2-yl, 2-methyl-prop-1-en-1-yl, but-2-en-1-yl, but-2-en-2-yl, buta-1 ,3-dien-1-yl, buta-1 ,3-dien-2-yl, cyclobut-1-en-i-yl, cyclobut-1-en-3-yl, cyclobuta-1 ,3-dien-1 -yl.
• Alkoxy refers to an oxygen radical substituted with an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl group. Nonlimiting examples include methoxy, tert-butoxy, benzyloxy, and cyclohexyloxy.
• Alkyl refers to a linear or branched saturated radicals having at least one carbon atom, such as 1-20 carbon atoms, 1-12, 1-10, or 1-6 carbon atoms, or at least 6 carbon atoms, at least 7 carbon atoms, at least 8 carbon atoms, at least 9 carbons atoms, or at least 10 carbon atoms, unless otherwise specified.
• a “lower alkyl” is defined as an alkyl group containing 1-4 carbon atoms.
• One or more hydrogen atoms can also be replaced by a substituent group selected from acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyamido, carboxyamino, cyano, disubstituted amino, formyl, guanidino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, iminoamino, monosubstituted amino, nitro, oxo, phosphonamino, sulfinyl, sulfonamino, sulfonyl, thio, thioacylamino, thioureido, and ureido.
• Nonlimiting examples of alkyl groups include methyl, butyl, tert-butyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, nonyl, undecyl, octyl, dodecyl, methoxymethyl, 2-(2'-aminophenacyl), 3-indolylmethyl, benzyl, and carboxymethyl.
• alkyls include, but are not limited to: (1 ) "unsubstituted alkyl,” which is defined as an alkyl group that bears no substituent groups; and (2) “substituted alkyl,” which denotes an alkyl radical in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by a substituent group selected from acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyamido, carboxyamino, cyano, disubstituted amino, formyl, guanidino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, iminoamino, monosubstituted amino, nitro, oxo, phosphonamino, sulfinyl, sulfonamino, sulfonyl, thio,
• Exemplary alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyls such as ethanyl (ethyl), propyls such as propan-1-yl (n-propyl), propan-2-yl (isopropyl), butyls such as butan-1-yl (n-butyl), butan-2-yl (s-butyl), 2-methyl-propan-1-yl (iso-butyl), 2-methyl-propan-2-yl (tert-butyl), , trifluoromethyl, nonyl, undecyl, octyl, dodecyl, methoxymethyl, 2-(2'-aminophenacyl), 3-indolylmethyl, benzyl, and carboxymethyl.
• ethyls such as ethanyl (ethyl)
• propyls such as propan-1-yl (n-propyl), propan-2-yl (isopropyl)
• Alkynyl refers to linear and branched radicals having from 2-10 carbon atoms, and containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
• One or more hydrogen atoms can also be replaced by a substituent group selected from acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyamido, carboxyamino, cyano, disubstituted amino, formyl, guanidino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, iminoamino, monosubstituted amino, nitro, oxo, phosphonamino, sulfinyl, sulfonamino, sulfonyl, thio, thioacylamino, thioureido, and urei
• alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, prop-1-yn-1-yl, prop-2-yn-1-yl, but-1-yn-1-yl, but-1-yn-3-yl, and but-3-yn-1-yl.
• Amino refers to an NR1R2 radical, in which R ⁇ and R 2 may be selected from hydrido, acyl, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, formyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, imino, nitro, oxo, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and thio.
• a monosubstituted amino refers to an NR1R 2 radical wherein Ri is hydrido and R 2 is selected from acyl, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, formyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, imino, nitro, oxo, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and thio.
• a disubstituted amino refers to an NR 1 R 2 radical wherein Ri and R 2 are each independently selected from acyl, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, formyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, imino, nitro, oxo, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and thio.
• amino acid refers to a compound containing a carboxylic acid group and an amino group and having the formula H 2 N[C(R)(R')] n - C(O)OH, where n is an integer greater than equal to one, and R and R 1 are independently selected from hydrogen and amino acid side chains.
• amino acid of the formula H 2 N[C(R)(R')]C(O)OH is an alpha amino acid
• the amino acid of the formula H 2 N-C(R 1 )(R 1 ')-C(R 2 )(R 2 ')-C(O)OH is a beta amino acid, where R 1 , R 1 1 , R 2 , and R 2 ' are each independently chosen from amino acid side chains.
• amino acid residue refers to an amino acid that is part of a peptide or protein, and having the formula -N(H)C(R)(R')C(O)-.
• amino acid side chain refers to any side chain from a naturally-occurring or synthetic amino acid.
• methyl may be referred to as an alanine side chain
• 2-amino-1 -ethyl may be referred to as the side chain of 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid.
• Exemplary amino acids may be chosen from the twenty encoded amino acids and derivatives thereof, as well as from, e.g., other ⁇ -amino acids, ⁇ - amino acids, ⁇ -amino acids, ⁇ -amino acids, and ⁇ y-amino acids.
• An amino acid may have R or S chirality at any chiral atom.
• amino acid may be chosen from, e.g., alanine, ⁇ -alanine, ⁇ -aminoadipic acid, 2-aminobutanoic acid, 4-aminobutanoic acid, 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid, 6-aminohexanoic acid, 2-aminoheptanedioic acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, aminomethylpyrrole carboxylic acid, 8-amino-3,6-dioxa-octanoic acid, aminopiperidinecarboxylic acid, 3-amino-propionic acid, aminoserine, aminotetrahydropyran-4-carboxylic acid, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, azetidine carboxylic acid, benzothiazolylalanine, butylglycine, carnitine, 4-chlorophenylalanine, citrulline, cycl
• N-protected ⁇ -amino acids for peptide synthesis having L- or D- chirality at Ca are commercially available, e.g., from Novabiochem ® (San Diego, CA) and Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland).
• the synthesis of chiral ⁇ -amino acids and other amino acids is also well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and is described, e.g., in Arnstein Synthesis of amino acids and proteins, University Park Press, 1975; Enantioselective Synthesis of Beta-Amino Acids, Juaristi et al., Eds., Wiley-VCH: New York, 2005; and Williams Synthesis of optically active ⁇ -amino acids, Pergamon Press, 1989.
• amino protecting group refers to any substituent that may be used to prevent an amino group on a molecule from undergoing a chemical reaction while chemical change occurs elsewhere in the molecule. An amino protecting group can be removed under the appropriate chemical conditions. Numerous amino protecting groups are known to those skilled in the art, and examples of amino protecting groups, methods for their addition, and methods for their removal can be found in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis” by Theodora W. Greene,
• Nonlimiting examples of amino protecting groups in ⁇ lude phthalimido, trichloroacetyl, STA-base, benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, t-amyloxycarbonyl, isobornyloxycarbonyl, adamantyloxycarbonyl, chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, and nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl.
• Other exemplary amino protecting groups include "carbamate amino protecting groups,” which are defined as a carbonyl containing protecting group that when bound to an amino group forms a carbamate.
• Nonlimiting exemplary amino carbamate protecting groups include 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc), allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc), carbobenzyloxy (CBZ), and t-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protecting groups.
• Other exemplary protecting groups include 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) substituted with acidic substituents, such as 2-sulfo-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylcarbonyl, 2-carboxymethyl-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, and 4-carboxy-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl.
• amino protecting group reagents refer to addition reagents that can react with an amino group such as the N-terminus of a peptide, thereby chemically modifying said amino group by addition of an amino protecting group.
• Aryl refers to a mono-, bi-, or other multi-carbocyclic, aromatic ring system.
• the aryl group can optionally be fused to one or more rings selected from aryls, cycloalkyls, and heterocyclyls.
• Aryls can have from 5-14 ring members, such as from six to ten ring members.
• One or more hydrogen atoms may also be replaced by a substituent group selected from acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, azido, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyamido, carboxyamino, cyano, cycloalkyl, disubstituted amino, formyl, guanidino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, iminoamino, monosubstituted amino, nitro, oxo, phosphonamino, sulfinyl, sulfonamino, sulfonyl, thio, thioacylamino, thioureido, and ureido.
• aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, and anthracenyl.
• Aryloxy refers to an oxygen radical substituted with an aryl or heteroaryl group.
• An exemplary aryloxy includes, but is not limited to, phenoxy.
• luzoj uarbamoyl refers to a nitrogen radical of the formula
• R* 2 is selected from hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl
• R x3 is selected from alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
• Carboalkoxy refers to a carbonyl radical bonded to an alkoxy or aryloxy group.
• Carboxy refers to a COOH radical.
• Carboxyamino refers to a CONH 2 radical.
• Carboxyamido refers to a carbonyl radical bonded to a monosubstituted amino or dis ⁇ bstituted amino group.
• Cycloalkyl refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic ring in a single or fused carbocyclic ring system having from three to twelve ring members, such as a ring system having from three to seven ring members.
• One or more hydrogen atoms may also be replaced by a substituent group se.lected from acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyamido, carboxyamino, cyano, cycloalkyl, disubstituted amino, formyl, guanidino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, iminoamino, monosubstituted amino, nitro, oxo, phosphonamino, sulfinyl, sulfonamino, sulfonyl, thio, thioacylamino, thioureido, and ureido.
• Nonlimiting exemplary cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexy
• Fmoc is a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group.
• Halo refers to a bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo radical.
• Heteroaryl refers to an aromatic radical having from one to four hetero atoms or hetero groups selected from O, N, NH, S, or SO in a single or fused heterocyclic ring system, having from five to fifteen ring members, such as a heteroaryl ring system having from six to ten ring members.
• One or more hydrogen atoms may also be replaced by a substituent group selected from acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyamido, carboxyamino, cyano, cycloalkyl, disubstituted amino, formyl, guanidino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, iminoamino, monosubstituted amino, nitro, oxo, phosphonamino, sulfinyl, sulfonamino, sulfonyl, thio, thioacylamino, thioureido, and ureido.
• a substituent group selected from acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl,
• heteroaryl groups include indolyl, pyridinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazoyl, isoquinolinyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, and pyrrolyl groups.
• Heterocyclyl or “heterocyclic,” as used herein, refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated ring containing one to four hetero atoms or hetero groups selected from O, N, NH, N(alkyl, such as lower alkyl), S, SO or SO 2 , in a single or fused heterocyclic ring system having from three to twelve ring members, such as a heterocyclyl ring system having from three to seven ring members.
• One or more hydrogen atoms may also be replaced by a substituent group selected from acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, carbamoyl, carboalkoxy, carboxy, carboxyamido, carboxyamino, cyano, cycloalkyl, disubstituted amino, formyl, guanidino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, iminoamino, monosubstituted amino, nitro, oxo, phosphonamino, sulfinyl, sulfonamino, sulfonyl, thio, thioacylamino, thioureido, and ureido.
• heterocyclyl groups include morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl and succinimidyl.
• Phosphonamino refers to wherein R x13 and R x14 are independently selected from alkoxy, alkyl, amino, aryl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, disubstituted amino, halo, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, hydroxy, monosubstituted amino, and thio.
• each of R* 24 is selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl,' heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl
• R ⁇ 5 is selected from alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
• Sulfonyl refers to a hexavalent sulfur radical substituted with two oxo substituents and a third substituent selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl.
• Thio refers to a radical containing a substituent group independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, attached to a divalent sulfur atom, such as methylthio and phenylthio.
• Thioacyl refers to a thiocarbonyl radical attached to an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycyl, aryl or heteroaryl group.
• Thioacylamino refers to an amino radical bonded to a thioacyl group.
• Thioacylester refers to a thiocarbonyl radical attached to an alkoxy group.
• R x5 and R x6 are independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R x7 is selected from an alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
• Reido refers to a nitrogen radical of the formula -N(R" 21 J-C(O)-NR ⁇ 2 R" 23 , wherein each of R ⁇ 1 and R ⁇ 2 is independently selected from hydrido, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and R x23 is selected from an alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl.
• the compounds of the present invention may be used in the form of salts or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts derived from inorganic or organic acids.
• the present invention includes all such salts and all crystalline forms of such salts.
• pharmaceutically-acceptable salt is meant those salts that are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic response, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• Pharmaceutically-acceptable salts are well known in the art.. For example, S. M. Berge, et al. describes pharmaceutically-acceptable salts in J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66:1-19. All of these salts may be prepared by conventional means from the corresponding compound of the invention by treating, for example, the compound with the appropriate acid or base.
• the salts or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts may be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of the invention, or separately by reaction of a free base function with a suitable acid.
• basic addition salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of compounds of this invention by combining a carboxylic acid-containing group with a suitable base such as the hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate of a pharmaceutically-acceptable metal cation, or with ammonia or an organic primary, secondary, or tertiary amine.
• Nonlimiting examples of organic acids may be selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, aryl, heterocyclic, carboxylic and sulfonic classes of organic acids, examples of which include, without limitation, formic, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, gluconic, maleic, embonic (pamoic), methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic, pantothenic, benzenesulfonic, toluenesulfonic, sulfanilic, mesylic, cyclohexylaminosulfonic, stearic, algenic, ⁇ -hydroxybutyric, malonic, galactic, and galacturonic acid.
• Organic acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate (isethionate), lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, phosphate, glutamate, bicarbonate, p-toluenesulfonate and undecanoate addition salts.

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• 2004
  • 2004-07-01 US US10/881,160 patent/US20060004185A1/en active Pending
• 2005
  • 2005-07-01 EP EP10184953A patent/EP2332965A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-07-01 BR BRPI0512941-9A patent/BRPI0512941A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-07-01 JP JP2007519447A patent/JP2008505858A/ja active Pending
  • 2005-07-01 RU RU2007103811/04A patent/RU2428429C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-07-01 AU AU2005326770A patent/AU2005326770B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-07-01 CN CNA2005800294199A patent/CN101010336A/zh active Pending
  • 2005-07-01 US US11/630,847 patent/US8889826B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-07-01 CA CA002571944A patent/CA2571944A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-07-01 EP EP05856867A patent/EP1761554A2/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2005-07-01 KR KR1020077002649A patent/KR20070047770A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2005-07-01 NZ NZ579261A patent/NZ579261A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-07-01 MX MXPA06015239A patent/MXPA06015239A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2005-07-01 NZ NZ552730A patent/NZ552730A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-07-01 WO PCT/US2005/023343 patent/WO2006083317A2/en not_active Ceased
• 2006
  • 2006-12-21 ZA ZA200610818A patent/ZA200610818B/en unknown
  • 2006-12-31 IL IL180458A patent/IL180458A0/en unknown
• 2007
  • 2007-01-30 NO NO20070563A patent/NO20070563L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2011
  • 2011-04-15 RU RU2011115077/04A patent/RU2011115077A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2011-08-01 JP JP2011168634A patent/JP2011256189A/ja active Pending

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