WO2006079266A1 - Unité thérapeutique ultrasonique guidée par irm - Google Patents

Unité thérapeutique ultrasonique guidée par irm Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006079266A1
WO2006079266A1 PCT/CN2005/001366 CN2005001366W WO2006079266A1 WO 2006079266 A1 WO2006079266 A1 WO 2006079266A1 CN 2005001366 W CN2005001366 W CN 2005001366W WO 2006079266 A1 WO2006079266 A1 WO 2006079266A1
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Prior art keywords
mri
magnetic field
ultrasound
treatment
magnet
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2005/001366
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Mu Mu
Wenzhi Chen
Hai Wang
Long Wang
Original Assignee
Chongqing Ronghai Medical Ultrasound Industry Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Chongqing Ronghai Medical Ultrasound Industry Ltd. filed Critical Chongqing Ronghai Medical Ultrasound Industry Ltd.
Priority to AU2005326352A priority Critical patent/AU2005326352B2/en
Priority to BRPI0519799-6A priority patent/BRPI0519799A2/pt
Priority to EP05781830A priority patent/EP1854508B1/en
Priority to CA002593131A priority patent/CA2593131C/en
Priority to JP2007552490A priority patent/JP2008528139A/ja
Priority to AT05781830T priority patent/ATE509666T1/de
Priority to US11/883,096 priority patent/US8224420B2/en
Publication of WO2006079266A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006079266A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
    • A61N7/02—Localised ultrasound hyperthermia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00022—Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
    • A61B2017/00084—Temperature
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
    • A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
    • A61B2090/374—NMR or MRI
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ultrasonic treatment apparatus, and more particularly to an MRI-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment apparatus.
  • HIFU high intensity focused ultrasound
  • Focused ultrasound therapy is a non-invasive, non-invasive treatment, especially suitable for the treatment of cancer patients, less damage to patients than traditional surgery or chemotherapy, so its application is very rapid development, indications include liver cancer, osteosarcoma, breast Cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, soft tissue tumors, and pelvic tumors.
  • the prior art focused ultrasound therapy mostly uses B-ultrasound equipment for positioning and monitoring treatment.
  • B-ultrasound monitoring has the following advantages: low cost, real-time image, and the same acoustic channel as therapeutic ultrasound, which can be observed by changes in image gray scale
  • High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has the advantages of deformation and necrosis of tissue after irradiation.
  • HIFU high-intensity focused ultrasound
  • the B-ultrasound image is only a plane image of a certain angle, and cannot fully represent the relationship between the treatment target area, the therapeutic sound channel, and the rear of the treatment area.
  • the three-dimensional structure, even with a three-dimensional ultrasound system still has limitations in its viewable area.
  • the observable depth of the ultrasound image is limited, and the bone substance has a particularly large effect on the image, and the tissue behind the bone can hardly be seen. In the treatment monitoring, there are serious artifacts. Further, ultrasound images have poor recognition ability for tissue boundaries, especially for small tumors and deep tumors.
  • MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • CT nuclear magnetic resonance CT
  • the simple principle is that the patient is placed in the imaging volume, and a video signal is applied thereto.
  • the hydrogen nucleus of the target region is excited by the RF signal, and a weak RF signal is emitted, which is called a nuclear magnetic resonance signal.
  • an appropriate gradient is applied to the magnetic field, and magnetic resonance signals are selectively obtained, and the tissue is imaged by processing the information to obtain tissue characteristics of each point.
  • Magnetic resonance images have extremely high tissue resolving power, can easily distinguish between normal tissues and tumor tissues, determine the boundaries of tumor tissues, and obtain a certain volume from magnetic resonance images.
  • the stereo data inside can be used to image some parts of the body and the whole body, so it is very suitable for positioning and formulating treatment plans for HIFU treatment.
  • the current magnetic resonance equipment can obtain real-time tissue images, and is a 3D image of a certain volume, which provides a good technical means for real-time monitoring during the treatment process.
  • the temperature image provides the non-invasive implementation of temperature measurement required for thermal therapy. It is of great significance for dose control of HIFU therapy, timely treatment of target location and energy control.
  • MRI imaging to monitor and guide ultrasound in the treatment of patients in vivo.
  • the patient can be scanned before surgery to determine the location of the target area, or the ultrasound beam can be guided to reach the target area during the operation, and the temperature change of the tissue can be monitored to ensure that only the target area is heated. Without damaging surrounding healthy tissue.
  • the advantages of MRI imaging are apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • Japanese Patent No. 3,322,649 discloses a treatment system in which an MRI is combined with an ultrasound treatment apparatus, which first uses MRI to determine the location of the tumor, and then removes the patient from the magnetic field of the MRI for ultrasound treatment.
  • Such treatment requires repeated movement of the patient, multiple positioning, complicated positioning system, long positioning time, and difficult real-time monitoring or online monitoring during the treatment process.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,275,165 entitled “Magnetic resonance guided ultrasound therapy system with inclined track to move transducers in a small vertical space”
  • the focused ultrasound transducer focuses the energy at the focus in the area of tissue that needs to be destroyed.
  • a non-magnetic motion positioning device has a vertical movement and the motion mechanism is small enough to be easily mounted in the MRI magnetic field air gap.
  • the motion device drives the energy transducer in a limited vertical space.
  • the motion positioning device uses a plurality of hydraulic motion positioning devices and a An inclined plane that positions the ultrasound focus under the control of the operator.
  • the MRI system utilizes a temperature sensitive pulse sequence to produce an image of the tissue and heated area to allow the operator to adjust the position of the ultrasonic transducer to direct ultrasonic energy to the appropriate location.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,443,068, entitled “Mechanical positioner for magnetic resonance guided ultrasound therapy” discloses a non-magnetic positioning device for an ultrasonic energy applicator that can operate in the magnetic field air gap of the system.
  • the main objective is also to provide a simplified positioner that operates within a magnetic field and avoids magnetic field interference from the motion device material to the MRI system.
  • a similar patent also has a magnetic resonance guided ultrasound therapy system with inclined track to move transducers in a small vertical space.
  • the solution is to place the ultrasound therapy transducer and the motion device in the static magnetic field of the MRI system, move the therapeutic transducer through the motion device, cover the tumor with focus, and treat the disease and
  • the purpose of real-time monitoring is mainly to make a non-magnetized design for the motion device of the therapeutic transducer and the therapeutic transducer, and structurally reduce the volume of the moving device and the required operating space as much as possible to meet the ultrasonic energy application.
  • the working requirements of the device in the MRI magnetic field is mainly to make a non-magnetized design for the motion device of the therapeutic transducer and the therapeutic transducer, and structurally reduce the volume of the moving device and the required operating space as much as possible to meet the ultrasonic energy application.
  • This type of technical solution mainly has the following shortcomings: 1) Due to the high requirements of non-magnetized design and processing of the therapeutic device for the therapeutic transducer and the therapeutic transducer, the technical complexity and cost are increased; 2) Since the motion device is located in the magnetic field, the range of motion of the ultrasonic transducer is limited.
  • Chinese Patent 98805359.4 entitled "MRI-guided Therapeutic Devices and Methods” discloses a novel MRI device.
  • the static magnetic field (main magnetic field) of the MRI device is different from the closed or semi-closed static magnetic field used in the conventional MRI device, and the core of the technology is to provide a superconducting single-sided magnetic field, thus providing a highly open state.
  • the magnetic field has great advantages for guiding the movement of the treatment device, and can solve the problem of the above-mentioned U.S. patents. Foot.
  • the technical solution of the magnetic field design still has less ideals: 1) the magnetic field strength is weak, the magnetic field lines are unevenly distributed, which affects the image quality; in the low field, the imaging time is very long, it is difficult to realize real-time imaging, and it is difficult to achieve temperature measurement.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to use the existing mature and relatively low cost MRI system in combination with the prior art ultrasonic treatment equipment to minimize the interference of the ultrasonic equipment on the MRI and realize the MRI guided ultrasound treatment;
  • an object of the present invention to provide an MRI-guided ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus that is particularly suitable for high intensity focusing;
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an MRI-guided ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus capable of coupling a subject with an ultrasonic energy application device using an open flexible container to further ensure the safety and ideality of high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy. treatment effect;
  • the further object of the present invention is to realize MRI real-time monitoring and guiding ultrasonic therapy by using MRI system to acquire information and related digital technology processing.
  • the present invention provides an MRI-mounted ultrasound therapy apparatus comprising:
  • a static magnetic field magnet for constituting a magnetostatic field within a magnetic resonance volume of a predetermined region
  • At least one ultrasonic energy application device for use in a predetermined energy application area Apply energy
  • the static magnetic field magnet is open at both ends and side opening, the side opening is upward or downward, and the movement and positioning means of the ultrasonic energy applying means are adjacent to and outside the side opening.
  • the open magnet used in the present invention has various options in the prior art, and may be a C-type magnet or a U-shaped magnet; a permanent magnet type magnet having a field strength of 0.3 T or more is preferable. Further, the prior art superconducting open magnets are capable of providing a magnetic field facing each other, and having both ends and one side opening to be 0.5 T or more are also preferable.
  • the patient is fixed in the magnetic field of the static magnetic field magnet. If the magnetic gap is opened upward, the ultrasonic energy application device can be placed over the opening; if the magnetic gap opening is downward, the ultrasonic energy application device can be placed under the opening. To further reduce magnetic interference, the ultrasonic energy application device may also be located outside the side opening of the static magnet.
  • the present invention adopts a magnetic gap opening upward or downward because the high-intensity focusing ultrasonic device mostly requires a fluid coupling agent, and the container is preferably made of a flexible material, and the container should be in close contact with the body of the subject to avoid undesired ultrasonic waves.
  • the reflecting surface is formed; thus, technically, the ultrasonic transducer is above, and the subject is located in the air gap of the opening upward; or, the ultrasonic transducer is below, the air gap of the magnet located in the opening of the subject Easy to implement, especially suitable for high-intensity ultrasound treatment devices.
  • a magnetic gap opening downward mode is preferred, and a treatment bed for moving and fixing the subject can be used.
  • the treatment bed has an opening, and the opening can be rectangular or circular to partially accommodate the ultrasonic wave.
  • the couplant container of the treatment device which adopts an open flexible fluid container, and the patient can be in direct contact with the fluid to couple with the ultrasonic energy application device of the treatment device, thereby eliminating the sound-permeable membrane between the skin and the container, and is easy Heat dissipation reduces the patient's ultrasonic energy deposition on the skin surface of the ultrasound channel.
  • the coupling agent in the container is deaerated water.
  • the flexible fluid container When the side of the static magnetic field magnet is open upward, the flexible fluid container is closed with a flexible sound permeable membrane material and serves as a contact surface with the patient.
  • the closed side can also serve as a fixed bed for the patient.
  • the invention improves the interference problem between the MRI system and the ultrasonic treatment system, and can adopt MRI images were used to treat targeted area localization, ultrasound channel examinations, and to develop treatment plans.
  • the present invention also provides a therapeutic apparatus for performing ultrasonic energy application monitoring and/or ultrasonic channel inspection of a target region using a real-time MRI fast image.
  • the apparatus provided by the present invention further includes local temperature information receiving and processing means for acquiring a subject's targeted area and/or ultrasound channel within the magnetic resonance volume from the MRI system. '
  • the present invention provides an ultrasonic therapy device guided by an MRI apparatus, the ultrasonic energy application device being located outside the one side opening of the static magnet, which can further reduce interference with the MRI magnetic field and provide more accurate imaging support.
  • the present invention provides a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus whose static magnetic field magnet is an open type magnet having an open end and an opening on one side of the section, and the open type magnet has a section opening upward or downward, preferably a section opening downward. Further preferably, the static magnetic field magnet is made of a permanent magnet. Such a static magnetic field magnet arrangement with the opening facing up or opening downward is not available in prior art nuclear magnetic resonance devices, and is particularly suitable for use in conjunction with high intensity ultrasonic therapeutic devices for real time monitoring therapy or online therapy.
  • the invention adopts the non-magnetized design and the magnetic field operation for the prior art, and instead uses the open magnetic field of the prior art, and places the motion positioning device of the ultrasonic transducer outside the main magnetic field, and the ultrasonic transducer
  • the motion and positioning device space limitations are reduced.
  • the non-magnetic requirements for the movement and positioning device of the ultrasonic transducer are greatly reduced, and in particular, the interference of the magnetic field generated by the operating current of the transducer power line on the MRI system is solved. Further, it is also possible to place the ultrasonic transducer outside of the main magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field generated by the power consumption of the ultrasonic device further reduces the MRI interference, and solves the interference of the magnetic field generated by the positioning device and the transducer power line on the MRI magnetic field in the above-mentioned U.S. patent.
  • the medical staff can also perform a certain degree of posture change, posture fixation, monitoring and operation on the patient.
  • Prior art high intensity focused ultrasound devices are readily adapted for use in the present invention.
  • MRI technology With the development of MRI technology, the choice of open magnetic field has been increasing. A large amount of magnetic materials are produced in northern China, and China's overall technology in permanent magnet open MRI systems The aspect has reached the world advanced level. If we choose China's superior MRI technology combined with ultrasonic therapy technology, it can greatly reduce the application cost and has a good market prospect.
  • the invention can improve the application range of the traditional high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy, and is particularly suitable for the complicated tumor treatment situation, and has good social benefits.
  • an arrangement of the MRI system of the present invention is particularly suitable for the technical solution disclosed in the Chinese Patent Application No. 98100283.8, entitled "High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Tumor Scanning Therapy System", which is the first of the present invention.
  • the ultrasonic treatment system with open flexible water container ensures the safety and good effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound for treatment.
  • the present invention can largely or completely retain the examination area in an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) apparatus, which is difficult to achieve in Chinese Patent No. 98805359.4 entitled "MRI-guided treatment apparatus and methods". Larger inspection areas are more intuitive and convenient for clinical observation, and MRI systems retain more functionality, increasing device compatibility and utilization.
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of a system according to another embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the ultrasonic energy applicator of the present invention is specifically a focused ultrasonic transducer.
  • the transducer may be a single-piece circular piezoelectric ceramic wafer plus lens focusing, or a single spherical shell-shaped piezoelectric ceramic, or a ball composed of a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic units of the same or different sizes.
  • the shell-shaped transducer can be driven by a single signal, or the multi-channel signal can be driven in a phase-controlled manner.
  • the transducer can also change its surface shape, area and focal length, frequency, and focus shape according to the treatment site. And other parameters.
  • the magnet 1 is a 0.3T permanent magnet (for example, a 0.3T nuclear magnetic resonance permanent magnet produced by Ningbo Heli Magnetic Materials Co., Ltd.), and its opening is downward, and the magnetic field is subjected to x ⁇ y ⁇ z three-dimensional space coding using a gradient field unit.
  • the imaging sequence signal is transmitted by the RF unit, and the magnetic resonance response signal of the human body is received, and the tissue structure image and the temperature image are reconstructed by the MRI image processing device 11.
  • the therapeutic transducer 5 is a piezoelectric transducer with a spherical shell focusing, with a focal length of 100 mm to 150 mm and a diameter of 120 mm to 150 mm.
  • the operating frequency is from 0.5MHz to 2MHz.
  • the therapeutic transducer 5 is coupled to the therapeutic transducer motion mechanism 51, which, under the motion mechanism, can move the therapeutic transducer 5 by ⁇ 100 mm on three axes x, y, z. And rotate ⁇ 45 degrees around the x ⁇ y ⁇ z axis.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 5 and the body of the subject 7 are degassed and deionized pure water as the ultrasonic medium, and the temperature is controlled at about 25 degrees Celsius.
  • the treatment bed 2 is located outside the opening of the magnet 1 and is made of a non-magnetic substance to minimize interference with the magnetic field. There is a hole in the middle of the treatment bed 2 for allowing the therapeutic ultrasound to pass through, and the water bladder 4 is connected under the hole, and the treatment bed 2 is supported by the treatment bed movement structure 21, and the treatment bed 2 can be horizontally driven by the treatment bed movement structure 21
  • the direction moves ⁇ 200mm along the axial direction of the human body and ⁇ 200mm in the vertical direction.
  • the MRI image processing device 11, the treatment bed movement mechanism 21, the therapeutic transducer motion mechanism 51, and the control system 6 are connected, and the control system 6 drives the treatment bed movement mechanism 21 to move the treatment bed 2 so that the lesion of the subject 7 is located in the magnetic resonance image.
  • the MRI image processing device 11 then images the lesion, and the control system 6 drives the therapeutic transducer motion mechanism 51 so that the focus of the therapeutic transducer 5 and the lesion of the treatment target area overlap within the magnetic resonance volume region, and the therapeutic ultrasound is emitted. , treatment of patients.
  • the treatment bed 2, the water bladder 4, the treatment transducer 5, the control system 6, the treatment bed movement mechanism 21, and the therapeutic transducer motion mechanism 51 are located outside the magnet to avoid relatively large interference to the magnetic field.
  • the system shown in Fig. 2 includes a magnet 1, a treatment bed 2, a water bladder 4, a treatment transducer 5, a system 6, an MRI image processing device 11, a treatment bed movement mechanism 21, a sound permeable membrane 41, a therapeutic transducer
  • the motion mechanism 51, the control, in which the subject 7 is placed, the system magnet 1 is a 0.3T permanent magnet (for example, a 0.3T nuclear magnetic resonance permanent magnet produced by Ningbo Heli Magnetic Materials Co., Ltd.), and its opening is upward.
  • the treatment bed 2 is located in the gap of the magnet 1 for supporting the subject 7, and the water bladder 4 and the therapeutic transducer 5 are mounted on the therapeutic transducer moving mechanism 51.
  • the surface of the water bladder 4 has a sound-permeable membrane 41, which is transparent. The membrane prevents the overflow of the medium water.
  • the patient is applied with ultrasound treatment from top to bottom.
  • Other components and functions of this embodiment are similar to those of Embodiment 1, and will not be described again.

Description

MRI引导的超声波治疗装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超声波治疗装置， 具体而言， 涉及 MRI引导的 高强度聚焦超声波 （HIFU) 治疗装置。 背景技术
聚焦超声治疗是一种非介入式无创伤治疗方法， 尤其适合对肿 瘤患者进行治疗， 比传统外科手术或化疗对患者的损伤小， 因而其应 用发展非常迅速， 适应症包括肝癌、骨肉瘤、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、 肾癌、 软组织肿瘤和盆腔肿瘤。
现有技术的聚焦超声治疗多采用 B 超设备进行定位和监控治 疗， 采用 B超监控有如下优点： 成本低， 图像实时， 具有与治疗超 声相同的声通道， 可以用图像灰度的变化观察受高强聚焦超声波 (HIFU) 照射后组织的变形坏死等优点， 但是， B 超图像仅是一定 角度的平面图像， 不能全面地表示出治疗目标区域、治疗声通道、 治 疗区域后方等相关组织的关系和立体结构， 即使利用三维超声系统， 其可视区域仍然存在局限。此外， 超声图像的可观察深度有限， 骨性 物质对图像的影响特别大，几乎不能看到骨后方的组织，治疗监控中， 存在严重的伪影。进一步， 超声图像对组织边界的识别能力较差， 尤 其是对小肿瘤和深部肿瘤的分辨更为困难。
在生物学和医学方面的一项重要应用是 MRI ( Magnetic Resonance Imaging)原子核磁共振成像， 简称核磁共振成像， 又称核 磁共振 CT(CT是计算机化层析术的英文缩写)。 其简单原理为， 将患 者置于成像体积内， 向其施加视频信号，靶区域氢原子核受到射频信 号激励， 发出微弱的射频信号， 称为核磁共振信号。在其过程中对磁 场施加适当梯度，可有选择地获得磁共振信号，通过对信息进行处理 获得各点的组织特性而对组织成像。
磁共振图像具有极高的组织分辨能力， 能较容易地区分正常组 织和肿瘤组织，确定肿瘤组织的边界，磁共振图像得到的是一定体积 内的立体数据， 可以对人体某部分以至全身成像， 因此十分适合用来 为 HIFU治疗进行定位和制订治疗计划。 同时， 随着技术的发展， 现 在的磁共振设备已经可以得到实时的组织图像，而且是一定体积的 3 维图像，为治疗过程中的实时监控提供了很好的技术手段。特别是温 度图像， 提供了热治疗所期望的非侵入实施测温手段， 对 HIFU治疗 的剂量控制， 及时的治疗目标位置和能量控制具有非常重要的意义。
本领域已有关于利用 MRI成像监控、 引导超声波实施患者体内 治疗方面的披露。在超声聚焦切除手术中，可以先在术前对患者扫描 成像， 确定靶区的位置， 也可以在术中来引导超声波束到达靶区， 同 时监控组织的温度变化，以保证只有靶区被加热而不损伤周围健康组 织。 MRI成像的优点是本领域技术人员明了的。
目前， 使用 MRI 来引导超声治疗装置焦点的主要问题是 MRI 系统与聚焦超声治疗系统之间存在干扰。 MRI 系统的运行要求稳定 的强磁场，为保证磁场的强度和稳定，尤其对于相对封闭的磁场形式， 在磁场内操作超声波换能器，给运动定位装置提供的空间会受到相当 的限制。 本领域已有一定数量的专利申请目的在于提供相关解决方 案。
日本专利第 3322649号披露了一种 MRI与超声治疗设备进行联 合的治疗系统， 该系统首先利用 MRI确定肿瘤的位置， 然后把病人 从 MRI的磁场中移出来进行超声治疗。此种治疗需要反复移动患者， 多次定位， 其定位系统复杂， 定位时间长， 并且治疗过程中难以实现 实时监控或在线监控。
美国专利 5275165 号 （题目为 " Magnetic resonance guided ultrasound therapy system with inclined track to move transducers in a small vertical space" ) 提供了一种 MRI外科手术系统， 该手术系统 采用一个聚焦超声换能器有选择性地破坏靶区中的组织。聚焦超声波 换能器将能量聚焦于需要破坏的组织区域内的焦点处。一非磁性的运 动定位装置具有一垂直方向的运动，且运动机构足够小， 以便能容易 地安装在 MRI磁场气隙之中。 该运动装置在一有限的垂直空间内驱 动能量换能器。该运动定位装置使用了多个液压运动定位装置和一个 倾斜式平面， 在操作人员的控制下定位超声焦点。 MRI 系统利用温 度敏感脉冲顺序，从而产生组织和被加热区域的图像， 以便让操作人 员调整超声换能器的位置， 将超声能量引导到适当的位置。
美国专禾 U 5443068 (题目为 Mechanical positioner for magnetic resonance guided ultrasound therapy )类似地， 披露了一种超声波能量 施加器的无磁定位装置，可以在系统的磁场气隙中操作。其主要目也 在于提供一种简化的定位器，在磁场内操作， 并避免运动装置材料对 MRI系统的磁场干扰问题。类似的专利还有美国专利 5275165号（题 目为 Magnetic resonance guided ultrasound therapy system with inclined track to move transducers in a small vertical space ) 等。
上文提到的多件美国专利， 解决方案都是将超声波治疗换能器 和运动装置放置在 MRI系统的静磁场中， 通过运动装置移动治疗换 能器， 用焦点覆盖肿瘤， 达到治疗疾病和实时监控的目的。其解决技 术问题的手段主要是针对治疗换能器和治疗换能器的运动装置进行 无磁化设计， 以及在结构上尽可能减小该运动装置的体积和需要的 操作空间， 以满足超声波能量施加器在 MRI磁场内的工作要求。 这 类技术方案主要存在以下不足之处： 1)由于要对治疗换能器和治疗换 能器的运动装置进行高要求的无磁化设计和处理，所以技术复杂性和 成本都要增加； 2) 由于运动装置位于磁场内， 超声波换能器运动范 围受到较严格的局限， 进一步， 高强度超声波治疗， 需要很精确的定 位系统， 实际应用于临床设备的运动装置通常是比较大的， 因而该技 术方案提高了设备生产制造的难度和实际应用的难度； 3 )由于向换 能器供电的导线有一部分在磁场内，其工作电流所产生的磁场将对磁 信号敏感 MRI系统产生较大干扰； 4)操作者难以进行辅助的手动操 作， 并且不利于操作者的临床观察。
中国专利 98805359.4题为 《由 MRI引导的治疗装置和方法》 ， 披露了一种新型 MRI装置。 该 MRI装置的静磁场 （主磁场）不同于 传统的 MRI装置采用的封闭或半封闭静磁场， 其技术核心是提供一 种超导型单侧磁场， 因此提供的是一种开放程度很大的磁场，对于引 导治疗装置的运动具有很大的优势，能够解决上述美国专利存在的不 足。
但是， 该磁场设计的技术方案仍然存在不够理想之处： 1 )磁场 强度弱，磁力线分布不均匀，影响图像质量；低场下，成像时间很长， 很难实现实时成像，很困难实现温度测量；可用来提供适合磁共振成 像的磁场， 即有效的磁共振体积仅为几个厘米； 2 ) 需要应用更为复 杂的超导技术实现， 因此其设备复杂程度高， 实施难度大， 离成熟的 应用技术有较大的距离。
因此， 希望能够提供一种相对低成本， 易于操作的 MRI引导的 超声波治疗系统，特别是适用于髙强度聚焦的超声波治疗系统，从而 能够对超声波治疗技术进一步改进，以提高安全性并有效缩短治疗时 间。 发明内容
本发明的目的和技术方案
本发明的目的之一是利用已有的较成熟、 成本相对低的 MRI系 统与现有技术的超声波治疗设备结合，尽可能减少超声波设备对 MRI 的干扰， 实现 MRI引导的超声波治疗；
进一步， 本发明的目的在于提供一种特别适合进行高强度聚焦 的 MRI引导的超声波治疗装置；
本发明的另一个目的，是在一种 MRI引导的超声波治疗装置中， 能够采用开放式柔性容器将被治疗者与超声波能量施加装置耦合，以 进一步保障高强度聚焦超声波治疗的安全性和理想的治疗效果；
在解决了 MRI 与高强度超声波治疗系统结合应用的干扰问题 后， 本发明进一步的目的在于， 利用 MRI系统获取信息及相关数字 化技术处理实现 MRI实时监控和引导超声波治疗。
为实现本发明目的以及解决现有技术存在的问题， 本发明提供 了一种 MRI装亶引导的超声波治疗装置， 其包括：
a. 一静磁场磁体， 用于构成预定区域的磁共振体积内的静磁 场；
b. 至少一个超声波能量施加装置， 用于在预定的能量施加区域 施加能量； 以及
C. 该超声波能量施加装置的运动及定位装置， 使能量施加区域 与磁共振体积在治疗靶向区域交叉；
在该装置中， 静磁场磁体为两端开口以及侧面开口， 该侧面开 口向上或者向下， 以及，超声波能量施加装置的运动及定位装置靠近 并位于该侧面开口之外。
本发明采用的开式磁体在现有技术中有多种选择， 可以是 C型 磁体， 也可以是 U型磁体；优选场强 0.3T以上的永磁型磁体。另外， 现有技术的超导型开放式磁体， 能够提供彼此面对的磁场，有两端和 一侧开口， 达到 0.5T以上， 也是优选的方案。
治疗过程中， 患者被固定置于静磁场磁体磁隙内。 如果磁隙开 口向上，可以将超声波能量施加装置置于开口之上；如果磁隙开口向 下，可以将超声波能量施加装置置于开口之下。为进一步减小磁干扰， 超声波能量施加装置也可以位于静磁体的侧开口外。
本发明采用磁隙开口向上或向下方式， 是因为高强聚焦超声波 装置大多需要流体耦合剂，其容器最好为柔性材料构成，容器应当与 被治疗者身体充分紧密接触， 以避免不希望的超声波反射面形成；因 而，技术上釆用超声波换能器在上方，被治疗者位于开口向上的磁体 气隙内； 或者， 超声波换能器在下方， 被治疗者位于开口向下的磁体 气隙内容易实施， 特别适合高强度超声波治疗装置。
进一步， 上述装置中， 优选磁隙开口向下方式， 可采用一治疗 床用于移动和固定被治疗者， 该治疗床有开口， 开口可以是矩形， 也 可以是圆形，用来部分容纳超声波治疗装置的耦合剂容器，此方案可 采用开放式柔性流体容器，患者可与流体直接接触，从而与治疗装置 的超声波能量施加装置耦合，可省去皮肤与容器之间的透声膜，并且 容易散热， 减小患者在超声波通道的皮肤表面超声波能量沉积。 容 器中的耦合剂为脱气水。
静磁场磁体侧面开口向上时， 柔性流体容器采用柔性透声膜材 料封闭， 并作为与患者的接触面。 封闭侧可以兼做患者的固定床。
本发明改善了 MRI系统与超声波治疗系统的干扰问题， 可以采 用 MRI图像进行治疗靶向区域定位、 超声通道检査以及制订治疗计 划。
本发明还提供了一种治疗装置， 采用实时 MRI快速图像进行靶 向区域超声波能量施加监控和 /或超声波通道检査。
本发明提供的装置， 还包括用于从所述 MRI系统获取磁共振体 积内部的被治疗者靶向区域和 /或超声通道的局部温度信息接收和处 理装置。 '
进一步， 本发明提供 MRI装置引导的超声波治疗装置， 超声波 能量施加装置位于所述静磁体的所述一侧开口外，这样可以更进一步 减少对于 MRI 磁场的干扰， 提供更为准确的成像保障。
最后， 本发明提供了一种核磁共振装置， 其静磁场磁体为两端 开口及截面一侧开口的开式磁体，并且该开式磁体的截面开口向上方 或者向下方，优选截面开口向下。进一步优选该静磁场磁体釆用永磁 体。这样的开口朝上或者开口朝下的静磁场磁体布置形式是现有技术 核磁共振装置所没有的，其特别适合与高强度超声波治疗装置结合使 用， 以实现实时监控治疗或在线治疗。
本发明的有益效果
本发明针对现有技术较多采用无磁化设计和磁场内操作， 改为 釆用现有技术的开放型磁场，将超声波换能器的运动定位装置放在主 磁场之外，对超声波换能器的运动及定位装置空间局限性降低，同时， 对于超声波换能器的运动及定位装置的无磁性要求大大降低，尤其解 决了换能器电源线工作电流产生的磁场对 MRI系统的干扰。进一步， 还可以将超声波换能器也放在主磁场之外。这样，超声波设备的用电 所产生的磁场对 MRI干扰更进一步减小， 解决了上文提到的美国专 利中定位装置和换能器电源线产生磁场对 MRI磁场的干扰。 同时， 采用本发明， 医护人员还可以对患者进行一定程度的体位变化、体位 固定、 监护、 操作。
现有技术的高强度聚焦超声波装置容易为本发明所改造采用。 随着 MRI技术的发展， 开放式磁场的选择已越来越多。 大量的 磁性材料在中国北方生产，中国在永磁开放式 M R I系统的总体技术 方面已达到世界先进水平。 如果选择我国的优势 MRI技术与超声波 治疗技术结合， 能极大地降低应用成本， 具有很好的市场前景。
本发明可以提高传统的高强聚焦超声治疗应用范围， 特别适合 较复杂的肿瘤治疗情形， 具有很好的社会效益。 特别地， 本发明中 MRI 系统的一种设置， 特别适合本发明人在先提交的中国专利申请 98100283.8 , 题为 "高强度聚焦超声肿瘤扫描治疗系统"所披露的技 术方案， 使本发明的选择中有开放式柔性水容器的超声波治疗系统， 从而保障高强度聚焦超声波应用于治疗的安全性和良好效果。
本发明可以较大部分、或者完全保留 MRI(磁共振成像)装置中的 检査区域， 这是中国专利 98805359.4题为 《由 MRI引导的治疗装置 和方法》比较难于做到的。较大的检查区域对于临床观察更为直观和 便利， MRI 系统可以保留较多的功能， 从而提高设备兼容性和利用 率。 附图说明
上文已经概述了本发明， 通过下面结合附图和具体实施例对本 发明进一步详细描述， 本领域技术人员可以更容易理解本发明的实 施， 以及更为明了本发明的目的和优点。
图 1所示为本发明一个实施例的系统结构布置说明图； 以及 图 2所示为本发明另一个实施例的系统结构布置说明图。 具体实施方式
本发明的超声波能量施加器， 具体而言是一种聚焦超声换能器。 该换能器可以是单片圆形的压电陶瓷晶片加透镜聚焦，也可以是单个 球壳形的压电陶瓷，也可以是由多个同一或不同尺寸的压电陶瓷单元 组合成的球壳形换能器，其驱动方式可以是单一信号驱动，也可是多 路信号按相位控制方式驱动，该换能器还可以根据治疗部位的不同改 变其表面形状、 面积和焦距、 频率、 焦点形状等参数。
实施例 1
如图 1所示的系统， 包括磁体 1、 治疗床 2、 水囊 4、 治疗换能 器 5、 控制系统 6、 MRI图像处理装置 11、 治疗床运动机构 21、 治 疗换能器运动机构 51， 其中安置有被治疗者 7。 磁体 1为 0.3T的永 磁体 （例如宁波合力磁材技术有限公司生产的 0.3T的核磁共振永磁 体） ， 其开口向下， 使用梯度场单元， 将磁场进行 x\y\z三维空间编 码， 由 RF单元发射成像序列信号， 并接受人体的磁共振反应信号， 由 MRI图像处理装置 11重建组织结构图像和温度图像。
治疗换能器 5为球壳聚焦的压电换能器， 焦距 100mm-150mm， 直径 120mm-150mm。 工作频率为 0.5MHz到 2MHz。 治疗换能器 5 和治疗换能器运动机构 51相连， 在该运动机构带动下， 治疗换能器 5可以在 x， y， z三个轴线上运动 ±100mm。并绕 x\y\z轴转动 ±45度。
超声换能器 5与被治疗者 7身体间以脱气去离子的纯水为超声 波介质， 温度控制在 25摄氏度左右。
治疗床 2位于磁体 1开口的外侧， 釆用无磁性物质， 以尽量减 少对磁场的干扰。 治疗床 2中间开有一孔， 以便让治疗超声波穿过， 孔下面连有水囊 4， 治疗床 2由治疗床运动结构 21来支撑， 在治疗 床运动结构 21 带动下， 治疗床 2 可以在水平方向沿人体轴向运动 ±200mm， 垂直方向运动 ±200mm。
MRI图像处理装置 11、 治疗床运动机构 21、 治疗换能器运动机 构 51和控制系统 6相连，控制系统 6驱动治疗床运动机构 21使治疗 床 2运动， 使被治疗者 7的病灶位于磁共振体积内， 然后 MRI图像 处理装置 11对病灶成像， 控制系统 6驱动治疗换能器运动机构 51， 使治疗换能器 5的焦点和治疗靶区的病灶在磁共振体积区域内重叠， 发射治疗超声波， 对患者进行治疗。
本实施例中， 治疗床 2、 水囊 4、 治疗换能器 5、 控制系统 6、 治疗床运动机构 21、 治疗换能器运动机构 51， 位于磁体外， 以避免 对磁场产生比较大的干扰。 实施例 2
如图 2所示的系统， 包括磁体 1、 治疗床 2、 水囊 4、 治疗换能 器 5、 系统 6、 MRI图像处理装置 11、 治疗床运动机构 21、 透声膜 41、 治疗换能器运动机构 51、控制， 其中放置有被治疗者 7， 该系统 磁体 1为 0.3T的永磁体（例如宁波合力磁材技术有限公司生产的 0.3T 的核磁共振永磁体） ， 其开口向上。
治疗床 2位于磁体 1间隙内，用于支撑被治疗者 7，水囊 4和治 疗换能器 5安装在治疗换能器运动机构 51上， 水囊 4表面有透声膜 41, 该透声膜可以防止介质水的外溢。
此实施例中， 对患者是从上向下施加超声波治疗， 本实施例其 他组成部分和功能与实施例 1相似， 这里不再赘述。
本领域技术人员可以容易地对上述实施方案进行多种修改和改 进,或应用于其它领域。 本发明申请包括各种实施方案与应用。 尽管 本发明申请按照某些优选实施方案的内容进行描述，本发明的范围不 受此限制， 而是在本发明权利要求的范围内。 附图标记一览表
1 磁体
2 治疗床
4 水囊
5 治疗换能器
6 控制系统
7 被治疗者
11 MRI图像处理装置
21 治疗床运动机构
41 透声膜
51 ' 治疗换能器运动机构

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种 MRI装置引导的高强度聚焦超声波治疗装置， 包括： a. 一静磁场磁体，用于构成预定区域的磁共振体积内的静磁场； b. 至少一个超声波能量施加装置， 用于在预定的能量施加区域 施加能量； 以及
c 所述超声波能量施加装置的运动及定位装置， 使所述能量施 加区域与所述磁共振体积在治疗靶向区域交叉；
其特征在于， 所述静磁场磁体为两端开口以及侧面开口， 所述 侧面开口向上或者向下， 以及，所述超声波能量施加装置的运动及定 位装置靠近并位于所述侧面开口之外。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的装置， 其中所述的超声波能量施加装 置也位于所述静磁体的侧开口外。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的装置， 当其中所述的静磁场磁体侧面 开口向下时，进一步包括一开放式柔性流体容器，使所述被治疗者与 所述流体直接接触。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的装置，进一步包括固定患者的治疗床， 所述治疗床有开口，所述柔性流体容器通过幵口与患者耦合，其中所 述的流体为脱气水。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的装置， 当其中所述的静磁场磁体侧面 开口向上时，所述柔性流体容器采用柔性透声膜材料封闭，并作为与 患者的接触面。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的装置， 所述磁体的封闭侧可以用做患 者的固定床。
7. 根据权利要求 1-6中任一权利要求所述的装置， 其特征在于 采用 MRI图像进行治疗靶向区域定位、超声通道检查， 以及制订治疗 计划。
8. 根据权利要求 1-6中任一权利要求所述的装置， 其特征在于 采用实时 MRI快速图像进行靶向区域超声波能量施加监控和 /或超声 波通道检查。
9. 根据权利要求 1-6中任一权利要求所述的装置， 还包括用于 从所述 MRI系统获取磁共振体积内部的被治疗者靶向区域和 /或超声 通道的局部温度信息接收和处理装置。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的装置， 其特征在于进一步采用温度 图像进行治疗监控。
PCT/CN2005/001366 2005-01-31 2005-08-31 Unité thérapeutique ultrasonique guidée par irm WO2006079266A1 (fr)

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