WO2006075967A1 - Procede d'utilisation de cameras numeriques et de cameraphones - Google Patents

Procede d'utilisation de cameras numeriques et de cameraphones Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006075967A1
WO2006075967A1 PCT/SE2006/000073 SE2006000073W WO2006075967A1 WO 2006075967 A1 WO2006075967 A1 WO 2006075967A1 SE 2006000073 W SE2006000073 W SE 2006000073W WO 2006075967 A1 WO2006075967 A1 WO 2006075967A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cameraphone
symbol
server
information
user
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PCT/SE2006/000073
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English (en)
Inventor
Jacob Weitman
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Jacob Weitman
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Publication of WO2006075967A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006075967A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a method for the use of digital cameras and cameraphones equipped with intelligence for the detection and recognition of a symbol displayed in an arbitrary environment on any media, such as newspapers, magazines, brochures, posters, billboards, LCD- and other electronic screens and presentation means.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method according to the pre-characterizing portion of claim 1, wherein the above problems are solved.
  • the method according to the invention shows a number of approaches, by which the above mentioned problem can be overcome in a very efficient way, greatly facilitating the rapid introduction of practically very important and robust every day life uses of intelligent digital cameras and cameraphones.
  • the Use case # 1 elucidates the application of cameraphones for fully mobile, quick and effortless booking & reservation of tickets and seats to any type of events, such as cinemas, theatres, rock concerts, sport events, last minute flights, etc.
  • the Use case # 2 similarly elucidates the application of cameraphones and digital cameras equipped with communication means to computers (including communication via, e.g., IR, Bluetooth and cables) for ordering of goods and services within the mail order and distance selling fields.
  • the Use case # 1 will be described in more detail and implied reference will be made to this information when describing the Use case # 2.
  • the use of a cameraphone it will include the use of any digital camera equipped with communication means to a computer or server with a data base.
  • An excellent high volume application for intelligent cameraphones is for booking and reserving tickets for cinemas, operas, theaters, rock concerts, sport events, last minute flights, etc.
  • the common denominator for these types of events is that only a few parameters are required to specify on the one side the offer by the event organizer, on the other side the requirements of the user, namely name and date of the event, number of tickets required and placement requested.
  • the booking and ordering applications can easier achieve a high degree of automation, efficiency and speed if the advertisement contains some unique digital codes, such as the ones introduced below.
  • the targeting codes are markers resembling standard bar codes but for technical reasons are preferably designed as framed planar digital bit structures of, e.g., 8 x 8 or more bi-tonal (typically black and white) areas or dots with, preferably, inherent error correcting and redundancy characteristics, which are not the subject of this patent application.
  • the targeting codes may involve check sums and various error correction techniques, such as forward error and Reed Solomon error correction, use edge linking methods to give lighting variation insensitivity and be designed in order to make possible correction for perspective distortion and allow homography mapping.
  • An 8x8 or 10x10 bit quadrilateral structure will give enough redundancy to also correct for rotational ambiguity.
  • the quadrilateral contours may be found by edge based methods, which have robust detection properties.
  • the targeting codes in the following examples are, respectively, the
  • • i - code which is also a logotype which instantly tells the cameraphone user that the offer he sees can be read and recognized by his unit, while its coded information immediately targets the camera to the realm or main set of intelligent digital camera applications involving symbol recognition for preferably, but not exclusively, commercial purposes, and the • a - code, which is the application and offer specific code, directing the camera to a particular application or subset in the realm of intelligent applications
  • the i - and a - codes can be said to have a similar function as the www - prefix and the home page address have, respectively, on the Internet. It can be shown that by using two codes, a booster effect is achieved in the sense that false signals, and in particular false positive signals which might target the user to a wrong application, can be almost completely avoided.
  • event organizers and suppliers of goods and services are licensed to use the i - logotype and code and will receive from time to time over the Internet from the operator of the server which carries the service, as explained in the following, the a - code by which any special offer to the public is tagged in context with advertising the offer.
  • the captured image is now processed fully automatically by the software of the cameraphone, using one of several available computer vision techniques to first find the i - code.
  • correlation techniques may be used, but the code envisaged herein allows more robust identification techniques to be applied.
  • a - code (resembling the bar code identifying a product in a shop), which the program uses to automatically call and connect to the applicable service on the server via the mobile phone network, as illustrated by the left (bottom) part of Figure 3, and to detect that it is an advertisement for a specific movie at a given cinema and location.
  • the server uses the information contained in the a - code to establishes contact with the event organizer's internet service, as illustrated by the right (upper) part of Figure 3.
  • the event organizer's business system returns via the server a message to the cameraphone, as illustrated by Figure 2, and the cameraphone now displays an adapted Internet web page, on which the user can select date, number of tickets and number of seats.
  • the server is located at the event organizer's or suppliers premises and/or is part of his business critical system, which would allow communication via, e.g., a LAN.
  • the end user After having selected everything according to his preferences, the end user submits the information to the server.
  • the server processes it, looking for available seats for the particular cinema and date, performs a preliminary reservation and then within seconds sends a confirmation page back to the end user with the preliminary reservation and statement of ticket prices, as further illustrated by Figure 2. (For the sake of simplicity, the ticket price information has been left out in Fig. 2).
  • the cameraphone user accepts the reservation by submitting that page and the server books the tickets and finally sends a confirmation e-mail to the end user, with all necessary information about the booking, as shown at the bottom of Figure 2.
  • the server based application will automatically transform and adapt the format of the information from the cameraphone into a protocol, which is readily acceptable to the supplier's Internet link.
  • the booking or orders transmitted on the Internet link between the application server and the supplier's data base and business system will have a structure identical to that of booking orders entered directly via Internet, which greatly facilitates the introduction of image based services.
  • information such as order confirmation returned to the cameraphone from the supplier, will be transformed by the server to a format suitable for display on the cameraphone and easily recognizable to the user, making the dialogue between user and supplier efficient and optimally adapted to each party's needs.
  • the pre-filtered image is then operated upon for the detection of the i - code by one of several available marker identification techniques, such as scale-invariant correlation computer vision techniques or edge based techniques for the detection of quadrilateral structures, the interior of which is then sampled for its digital content, assuring to a high degree that the image is indeed taken of an i - mode enabled object, and it also enables the software to know more precisely where to look in the next step for the a - code.
  • marker identification techniques such as scale-invariant correlation computer vision techniques or edge based techniques for the detection of quadrilateral structures, the interior of which is then sampled for its digital content, assuring to a high degree that the image is indeed taken of an i - mode enabled object, and it also enables the software to know more precisely where to look in the next step for the a - code.
  • the pre-filtered image and the location information from the previous step is now used to find the a - code, which contains the specific information about which type of application it is and which particular event is involved, etc.
  • the application specific symbol is recognized from a set of known symbols, using a recognition technique similar to the one in the previous step.
  • the application With the information retrieved from the above steps, the application now enters into a web application mode, in which the user in addition to his booking also can choose to select more specific information about the event.
  • these pages can be developed in Java Servlet pages with output in a format suitable for cameraphones (WAP or similar), and the access is done via GPRS.
  • the cameraphone only captures and prefilters the image, whereupon it sends it to the server for further processing.
  • the cameraphone uses the prefiltered image to find by itself the probable location of the targeting codes, whereupon it sends the part of the image containing these symbols to the server.
  • the cameraphone uses itself the image part mentioned under Type 2 and recognizes the targeting codes and then sends the information contained in the a - code to the server.
  • the Type 4 i.e. most advanced cameraphone will interact with the system in the same way as a Type 3 unit, since the booking must be performed on a server.
  • the network capacity utilized in the application is largely determined by the capability of the particular cameraphone used.
  • the cameraphone will itself identify its model and capability category to the server, allowing the process to be conducted accordingly and fully automatically, with no requirement on the user to make any special input characterizing the capability of his unit.
  • the booking and reservation application requires additional data transfer in course of the conversation which results in a final confirmation from the event organizer to the cameraphone user, as described in the Use Case section above.
  • Web pages for cameraphones would typically be very small, around 1-5 kB, and since there are four pages back and forth the ensuing traffic amounts to 4-20 kB. However, in case the image of the original advertisement is included in the final confirmation, which may be of interest to some users, 1 - 5 MB will be transferred either from the server back to the cameraphone, or as an e-mail to the end-user.
  • End User The end user captures an image to be used as input to the application.
  • a hypothesis can correspond to either whole lines of characters or other symbols or a single character or symbol.
  • Type 1 corresponds to the most primitive model of a mobile unit, whereby all interpretation and processing is performed externally
  • Type 4 corresponds to the most advanced high-end model, where all interpretation and processing is performed within the cameraphone.
  • the operations prefiltering, segmentation and recognition will be executed by the software within the mobile unit, while the service is performed on an external server.
  • the amount of data to be transferred between the sequential operations described above is very different, due to a consecutively higher degree of interpretation and therefore abstraction of the information. Consequently, the typical system cases described above will generate different amounts of network traffic.
  • the whole image is transferred (1-5 MB).
  • the Type 2 system only hypotheses in the form of image data (0.2-1 MB) will be transferred to the recognition step on a server, but there will also be a feedback flow of information (10-100 KB) from the server to the cameraphone for improved recognition. The feedback might further be performed in multiple steps.
  • data is transferred as text (1-5 KB) to the server which performs the service, such as ordering goods via mail-order.
  • the Use case # 2 explains the application of cameraphones and digital cameras equipped with communication means to computers, for ordering of goods and services within the mail order and distance selling fields.
  • the distance selling field has long traditions. Worldwide, it accounts for about 10% of total sales volumes and its share is growing. In Europe, GB, Germany and the Nordic countries are leaders in the field of distance selling. In USA, the per capita volumes in this field are almost twice the European average.
  • the cameraphone or digital camera user switches the camera into the intelligent mode via a menu or by pressing a key and takes a snapshot of an offer from a book club, a mail order catalogue, an advertisement in a magazine or a news paper or some other printed medium.
  • the offer is frequently, but not always, formalized as an order sheet or slip according to Figure 5, which shows an order sheet from a Swedish book club.
  • the format of the offer is not a determining factor and even offers on placards and bills in shop windows or on poster pillars can be captured by the cameraphone and transmitted, promoting impulse buying.
  • a precondition is, however, that the supplier has specified the offer in a suitable way, preferably by, e.g., an alphanumeric interpretable text or code or a bar code, such that the product or service offered can be identified by the camera, and that the buyer has filled in the order sheet or slip clearly enough to be interpretable by the OCR or HWR (Hand Writing Recognition) functions of the mail order application.
  • This is not a critical constraint because in many cases, such as when ordering a book or a CD, the article number (which may be stated as a bar code) uniquely defines the product, relieving the buyer from any other effort than, e.g.., marking by a cross in a square what he requests, in case there are several options.
  • the image is analyzed by the system with respect to all relevant information regarding the offer, be it products or services the user is identified either by the information stored in the cameraphone or by name and address printed by him on the order sheet/slip the information is transmitted to the supplier's data base and business system for automatic attendance, without manual handling upon processing in the supplier's system for checking of stock balance, prices, etc., a confirmation of the order is sent to the cameraphone, requesting acceptance in case of acceptance, a final confirmation is submitted to the buyer's cameraphone and, optionally and at the same time, to his e-mail address the legal aspect is satisfied by storage in the supplier's data base of the buyer's signature ("signature of file”) or by suitable usage of electronic signatures and/or PIN codes
  • the parties involved in the mail order supply chain include the mail order company, the cameraphone user, the mobile network operator and the server operator.
  • the introduction of the intelligent digital camera as a terminal for entering orders in the mail order field offers advantages to all parties involved, because: • the cameraphone user can instantly and with the minimum effort required to take a snapshot of an advertised offer and order goods or services wherever he is located, without going to his computer or a mailbox and without spending time on the telephone
  • the server which is the link between the cameraphone, i.e., between the end user and the mail order company may be operated by a network operator or by a third party.
  • the application can easily be tailored to the requirements of each particular mail order company. Consequently, the server operator can charge a fee for the service, commensurable to the advantages and cost savings it offers to the mail order company.
  • the three- code- arrangement used in an Advertising and Booking Application comprises in consecutive order and preferably arranged in one row with a quiet zone between and around the codes, the:
  • • i - code which is also a logotype which instantly tells the camera phone user that the information he sees can be read and recognized by his unit, but also and according to the present invention is designed such that it is not only instrumental in helping the camera to localize the relevant (i.e., the code carrying) part of the image, but also carries important geometric information derived from its orientation and size, telling the ABA programme where to find the remaining codes and thus directing their segmentation
  • a - code which is the offer specific code, e.g., a specific film or event advertised.
  • the i - and z - codes are invariant in the sense that they remain unchanged, when the message or offer advertised or otherwise communicated to the public varies.
  • the i - code may be compared to the prefix www on the Internet, while the z - code may be regarded as equivalent to the name of a home page on the Internet.
  • the z - code may be chosen as a standard EAN barcode or as a standardized ECC 200 matrix code, it is much more important that the a - code, which will be frequently changed and must be in the hands of the suppliers/advertisers, is a standardized and publicly available code. Accordingly, it is a preferred embodiment of the code structure according to the present patent application, that the variable and offer specific code be an officially standardized and publicly or commercially available code.
  • a code preferably the z - code as defined above, is used - when printed on forms, such as, e.g., order sheets from mail order companies - to trigger the downloading into the MOA of the user's camera phone the correct template sheet against which the order sheet completed by the user is interpreted, before it is submitted to the server and data base of the mail order company.
  • forms such as, e.g., order sheets from mail order companies - to trigger the downloading into the MOA of the user's camera phone the correct template sheet against which the order sheet completed by the user is interpreted, before it is submitted to the server and data base of the mail order company.
  • the mail order application it is an intentional property of the mail order application, as defined and understood here, that it not only relates to the traditional mail order field, but essentially comprises any business activities involving the offer of goods or services in a format which can be readily captured by a cameraphone.
  • any subway passenger reading a newspaper like Metro or City in Sweden and attracted by an ad therein for a product or a service can immediately and instantly under full mobility place his order by just taking a snapshot of the ad by means of his intelligent cameraphone, provided that the ad is suitably tagged as disclosed herein.
  • a further illustration of the versatility of the visual interface to computers, and an example of an important general class of camera phone applications according to my invention, is the case of paying train- or underground tickets, parking fees, etc.
  • a possibly illuminated entrance poster or other type of display with sufficiently large codes unique for the specific railway station, parking house, or similar public facility is set up such that a train passenger, a car driver, etc., when passing into the station, the parking house, etc., can take a snapshot of the "entrance codes”.
  • the passenger and car driver will similarly take a snapshot of the "exit codes”.
  • the entrance and exit cases will be registered by servers communicating with the camera phones of the passenger and car driver, whereby the type of service and the appropriate fee will be uniquely determined by the codes captured.
  • the z - code as defined above is particularly well suited.
  • the billing solution for the service in question is not part of this application, but several viable billing and payment solutions for mobile services are available and already practiced.
  • a further similar application based on posters or displays carrying geographic information, is the ordering of, e.g., a taxi to a given location.
  • the camera phone will establish contact with the taxi company's server or switchboard, indicating that a cab is required to the location of the poster.
  • An important further extension of the ABA is the use of the camera phone as a ticket, implying that not only the booking of an event is made via the camera phone, as illustrated by the use case # 1 of my referenced Swedish patent application, but also that the confirmation from an event organizer, a cinema, an airline company, a supplier of goods, etc., is submitted to the user's camera phone in such a format, that it can serve and be read as a ticket, a dispatch note for collection of parcels, etc.
  • the ticket codes be designed such that a given code displayed on the camera phone may represent several tickets or that booking can be made by one party but - at the request of the booking party - the tickets may be distributed to several camera phones, allowing uncoordinated admissions.
  • the visual interface will encompass all aspects of the ABA, from responding to the advertisement, through booking, to ticketing and admission control, allowing considerable savings and efficiency gains on the supplier's side and freeing the camera phone users from queuing for tickets, etc.
  • the ticket function may be used with any type of mobile phone with a display and for any type of visually - be it by laser or other types of scanners , CCD or CMOS cameras or even the human eye of a third party - readable confirmation method, allowing transactions of a commercial type requiring that the mobile phone user is able to prove that he is entitled to some service or goods booked or prepaid by him in advance from the supplier of the service or goods, irrespective of whether said booking or prepayment has been made by the Internet, telephone or mobile phone, fax, mail or personally over the counter.
  • blur One of the most critical aspects in imaging by mobile digital cameras is blur, as blurred images make interpretation of codes difficult or even impossible. Blur may be caused by optical defects, such as bad focusing. However, motion blur is the most common cause for un-interpretable codes. It is therefore important to have diagnostic means in the mobile camera, which will give he user feedback on the quality of pictures taken, making it possible for the user to improve his imaging technique.
  • An approach for detecting blur in images is based on the fact that blurred images frequently display various degrees of sharpness in perpendicular directions. In a blurred direction gradients are small, whereas in a non-blurred direction gradients are large.
  • the images captured by the mobile camera can be used either for connecting instantly to the web site of interest or can be stored as a bookmark for later action. This can be important if, e.g., a decision to order tickets or similar is subject to approval by a third party, as a family member.
  • the bookmark function is achieved by either storing the captured image as a special file or by just postponing the submission of the image temporarily stored in the application.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'utilisation de caméras numériques et de caméraphones équipées d'une intelligence pour la détection et la reconnaissance d'un symbole affiché dans un environnement arbitraire sur des supports quelconques, tels que journaux, revues, brochures, posters, panneaux d'affichage, écrans LCD et autres écrans électroniques et moyens de présentation. Le symbole est structuré de façon qu'au moins une partie de ce symbole soit conçue pour la recherche et la segmentation d'une partie, porteuse d'information, codée dudit symbole, après quoi ladite information codée est utilisée pour diriger automatiquement la caméra intelligente ou la caméraphone vers un site Internet spécifique d'intérêt pour l'utilisateur et/ou pour identifier le support ou le porteur spécifique affichant ledit symbole.
PCT/SE2006/000073 2005-01-15 2006-01-16 Procede d'utilisation de cameras numeriques et de cameraphones WO2006075967A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0500166 2005-01-15
SE0500166-4 2005-01-15
SE0501473 2005-06-15
SE0501473-3 2005-06-15

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