综合人造鱼礁 技术领域 Integrated artificial reef technical field
本发明涉及一种海产养殖、 捕捉装置, 特别是一种人造鱼礁。 背景技术 The invention relates to a mariculture and catching device, in particular to an artificial fish reef. Background technique
近年许多国家都实施休渔期,其原因主要是由于鱼获逐年减少而鱼类需求 则不断增加。远洋捕鱼设备昂贵, 并消耗石油能源, 而鱼获也在减少, 因为近 岸捕鱼滥捕小鱼虾而破坏渔场的生态平衡令鱼获急剧减少。 目前有些国家、地 区(如香港、深圳等)用废旧铁船、 旧轮胎或三合土柱状体作为人工鱼礁, 虽 然可以保护渔场, 但安装时往往要出动大型的起重车 /船, 而且成本高, 因此 难以大面积的推广应用, 同时这类人造鱼礁也破坏了海底景观,使海滩变成一 个大垃圾场。 发明内容 In recent years, many countries have implemented fishing moratoriums, mainly because of the decreasing number of fish and the increasing demand for fish. Offshore fishing equipment is expensive and consumes oil energy, and fish catches are also decreasing, as the near-shore fishing catches small fish and shrimp and destroys the ecological balance of the fishery, resulting in a sharp reduction in fish. At present, some countries and regions (such as Hong Kong, Shenzhen, etc.) use scrap iron, old tires or triple-rock columns as artificial reefs. Although they can protect fisheries, large cranes/boats are often required for installation, and the cost is high. Therefore, it is difficult to promote and apply it on a large scale. At the same time, such artificial reefs also destroy the underwater landscape and turn the beach into a large garbage dump. Summary of the invention
为解决上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种新型综合人造鱼礁,其不会破 坏海底景观, 同时组装容易, 运输方便, 使用寿命长。 In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel integrated artificial reef which does not break the seabed landscape, is easy to assemble, has convenient transportation, and has a long service life.
本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种综合人造鱼礁,包括木材及三合土鱼礁 主体以及内置的辅助设施,其中,所述的鱼礁主体由三合土板通过固定元件固 接而成, 三合土板内外两侧面设有防止贝类粘贴的薄膜胶片。 The object of the present invention is achieved by an integrated artificial reef comprising a wood and a triad reef main body and a built-in auxiliary facility, wherein the reef main body is formed by fixing a three-way earth plate through a fixing member, and the three-way earth plate Film film for preventing shellfish sticking is provided on both inner and outer sides.
上述的综合人造鱼礁,所述三合土板上分布有通孔, 内外薄膜胶片上对应 三合土板通孔的位置也设有通孔。 In the above-mentioned integrated artificial reef, the three-dimensional soil plate is provided with through holes, and the inner and outer film films are also provided with through holes corresponding to the through holes of the three-layer earth plate.
上述的综合人造鱼礁,所述的鱼礁主体为三角形、梯形、圆拱形或多角形 中的任意一种。 In the above synthetic artificial reef, the fish reef body is any one of a triangle, a trapezoid, a dome, or a polygon.
上述的综合人造鱼礁,所述的鱼礁主体内置的辅助设施为鱼笼,所述鱼笼 是金属鱼笼或木材鱼笼中的任意一种。 In the above-mentioned integrated artificial reef, the auxiliary facility built in the main body of the reef is a fish cage, and the fish cage is any one of a metal fish cage or a wood fish cage.
上述的综合人造鱼礁, 当所述鱼笼的材料是木材时, 鱼笼内设有重物。 In the above-mentioned integrated artificial reef, when the material of the fish cage is wood, the fish cage is provided with a heavy object.
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确认本
上述的综合人造鱼礁, 所述的重物是灌入沙石的沙包、 胶樽或胶罐。 上述的综合人造鱼礁, 所述的鱼笼设置有垂直的鱼类入口或扁平的蟹类 / 鱿鱼类入口中的至少一种。 Confirmation In the above-mentioned integrated artificial reef, the heavy object is a sandbag, a plastic bottle or a plastic can filled with sandstone. In the above synthetic artificial reef, the fish cage is provided with at least one of a vertical fish inlet or a flat crab/salmon inlet.
上述的综合人造鱼礁,所述的鱼礁上连接一板形浮标,板形浮标的外壳为 塑胶, 内里下部为三合土板块, 上部为泡沬胶板, 使浮标保持垂直但又减小海 浪对连接绳的拉扯, 其顶端设有电灯位。 In the above-mentioned integrated artificial reef, the fish reef is connected with a plate-shaped buoy, the outer shell of the plate-shaped buoy is plastic, the inner lower part is a triple-soil plate, and the upper part is a foaming rubber plate, so that the buoy is kept vertical but the wave pair is reduced. The pull of the connecting rope is provided with a lamp position at the top.
上述的综合人造鱼礁,所述的鱼礁主体内置的辅助设施还包括隐蔽式渔场 监测装置。 In the above-mentioned integrated artificial reef, the auxiliary facilities built in the main body of the reef include a concealed fishery monitoring device.
上述的综合人造鱼礁,所述的隐蔽式渔场监察装置包括装有防水保护罩的 摄像镜头、 吸水装置、 水流计或温度计中的至少一种。 In the above integrated artificial reef, the concealed fishery monitoring device includes at least one of an image pickup lens, a water suction device, a water flow meter or a thermometer equipped with a waterproof protective cover.
上述的综合人造鱼礁,所述三合土板通过塑胶板或木板或金属板中的任意 一种穿孔连接。 In the above synthetic artificial reef, the three-way earthboard is connected by a plastic plate or a perforation of any one of a wood board or a metal plate.
本发明的人造鱼礁组装拆卸容易,运输方便,只须小型船只即可运送安装, 而且由于设有防止贝类粘贴的薄膜贴片,可快速轻松地去除粘贴于鱼礁上的贝 类, 延长鱼礁的使用寿命, 成本较低, 形状多样, 可根据实际需要而设置, 可 形成一定规模的海底农场,又不会破坏海底的生态平衡和景观,可在广泛地区 大面积推广使用。 附图说明 The artificial reef of the invention is easy to assemble and disassemble, convenient to transport, can be transported and installed only by a small vessel, and can be quickly and easily removed from the shellfish adhered to the reef by providing a film patch for preventing shellfish sticking, and prolonging The life of the reef, the cost is low, and the shape is diverse. It can be set according to actual needs. It can form a submarine farm of a certain scale without destroying the ecological balance and landscape of the seabed. It can be widely used in a wide area. DRAWINGS
图 1是本发明第一实施例的综合人造鱼礁的立体图; Figure 1 is a perspective view of a synthetic artificial reef according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
图 2是本发明第一实施例中鱼笼的结构示意图; 2 is a schematic structural view of a fish cage in a first embodiment of the present invention;
图 3是本发明第一实施例中外薄膜胶片的结构示意图; 3 is a schematic structural view of an outer film film in the first embodiment of the present invention;
图 4是本发明第一实施例中内薄膜胶片的结构示意图; 4 is a schematic structural view of an inner film film in the first embodiment of the present invention;
图 5是本发明第一实施例的综合人造鱼礁的横截面图; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the integrated artificial reef of the first embodiment of the present invention;
图 6是本发明浮标的立体图; Figure 6 is a perspective view of the buoy of the present invention;
图 7是本发明第二实施例的集装板块鱼礁的立体图; Figure 7 is a perspective view of a stacked plate fish reef according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
图 8是本发明第二实施例的集装板块鱼礁的分解图; Figure 8 is an exploded view of a slab fish reef according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
图 9是本发明第二实施例中带有薄膜胶片的三合土板的示意图;
图 10是本发明第二实施例中三合土板的侧视图; Figure 9 is a schematic view of a three-way earthboard with a film film in a second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 is a side view of a three-way earthboard in a second embodiment of the present invention;
图 11是本发 ^第二实施例中金属板的示意图; Figure 11 is a schematic view of a metal plate in the second embodiment of the present invention;
图 12是本发明'通口竹鱼笼立体图; Figure 12 is a perspective view of the 'mouth bamboo fish cage of the present invention;
图 13是本发明通口竹鱼笼正视图; Figure 13 is a front view of the bamboo fish cage of the present invention;
图 14是本发明通口竹鱼笼侧视图 Figure 14 is a side view of the bamboo fish cage of the present invention
图 15是本发明单边闭口竹鱼笼正视图; Figure 15 is a front elevational view of the single-sided closed bamboo fish cage of the present invention;
图 16是本发明单边闭口竹鱼笼侧视图; Figure 16 is a side view of the unilateral closed bamboo fish cage of the present invention;
图 17是本发明单边闭口竹鱼笼剖视图; Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a single-sided closed bamboo fish cage of the present invention;
图 18是本发明带活动门的竹制鱼笼侧视图; Figure 18 is a side view of a bamboo fish cage with a movable door of the present invention;
图 19是本发明带活动门的竹制鱼笼正视图; Figure 19 is a front elevational view of a bamboo fish cage with a movable door of the present invention;
图 20是本发明第三实施例的结构图 (内置有隐蔽式渔场监察装置); 图 21是本发明的使用状态图。 实现本发明的最佳方式 Fig. 20 is a structural view showing a third embodiment of the present invention (with a concealed fishery monitoring device built therein); and Fig. 21 is a view showing a state of use of the present invention. The best way to implement the invention
如图 1-5所示,本发明的第一实施例中,一种新型综合人造鱼礁包括鱼礁 主体以及内置的辅助设施。 鱼礁主体由三合土板 1通过固定元件如螺丝 14固 接, 形成立体中空结构。 在三合土板 1上均匀分布有通孔 13, 使小鱼能够逃 避大鱼的追捕以及让阳光射入。在三合土板 1内外两侧面设有可防止贝类粘贴 的薄膜胶片(如 PVC、 PU等), 内薄膜胶片 3上对应三合土板通孔 13的位置设 有通孔 31, 外薄膜胶片 2上对应三合土板通孔 13的位置也设有凹位 22及通 孔 21。 贝类慢慢黏附到人造鱼礁的薄膜胶片 2、 3上繁殖, 在适当时间将薄膜 胶片 2、 3拉出, 即可取走粘在上面的贝类, 而又不会损坏三合土板 1表面, 以延长鱼礁的使用寿命, 同时将贝类敲碎放入鱼笼内,便可作诱饵诱捕吃贝类 的鱼类 (如青衣、 苏眉等)。 防止贝类粘贴的薄膜胶片除了应用于鱼礁, 还可 应用于其它水下建筑, 如, 钻油台、 轮船或游艇的船身下部等, 通过粘贴薄膜 胶片或高密度高拉力的化纤布, 再涂上油漆美化船身,经过一段时间贝类黏附 后, 撕掉薄膜胶片或化纤布, 再重新铺上即可, 费用低廉, 无须费时费力用铁 铲进行铲除, 又不会破坏船底。
在三合土板 1上设有穿锚绳小孔, 一板形浮标 5通过锚绳 51连接其上。 如图 6所示, 板形浮标 5以塑胶为外壳, 上轻下重, 底部为三合土块, 上部为 发泡胶层或空气, 顶端还设有一电灯位 52。 板形浮标 5不怕风浪冲击, 减少 对锚绳 51及船锚的拉扯力, 还可在板形浮标 1上粘贴防水告示。 As shown in FIGS. 1-5, in a first embodiment of the present invention, a novel integrated artificial reef includes a fish reef body and a built-in auxiliary facility. The main body of the fish reef is fixed by the three-way earth plate 1 through a fixing member such as a screw 14, thereby forming a three-dimensional hollow structure. A through hole 13 is evenly distributed on the triple soil plate 1, so that the small fish can escape the pursuit of the big fish and let the sunlight enter. A film film (such as PVC, PU, etc.) for preventing shellfish sticking is provided on both inner and outer sides of the three-way soil board 1. The inner film film 3 is provided with a through hole 31 at a position corresponding to the through hole 13 of the three-layer soil plate, and the outer film film 2 corresponds to The position of the triple hole through hole 13 is also provided with a recess 22 and a through hole 21. The shellfish slowly adheres to the film strips 2 and 3 of the artificial reef, and the film strips 2, 3 are pulled out at the appropriate time to remove the shellfish adhered thereto without damaging the surface of the sandwich panel 1 In order to prolong the service life of the reef, and at the same time break the shellfish into the fish cage, it can be used as a bait to trap fish that eat shellfish (such as Tsing Yi, Su Mei, etc.). In addition to being applied to fish reefs, film film for preventing shellfish sticking can also be applied to other underwater buildings, such as the bottom of the hull of a rig, a ship or a yacht, by attaching a film film or a high-density high-strength chemical fiber cloth. Then paint and beautify the hull. After a period of shellfish adhesion, tear off the film film or chemical fiber cloth, and then re-lay it. It is cheap, no need to use time and effort to eradicate with the shovel, and will not damage the bottom of the ship. A small anchor hole is provided in the three-way earthboard 1, and a plate-shaped buoy 5 is connected thereto by the anchor rope 51. As shown in Fig. 6, the plate-shaped buoy 5 is made of plastic as the outer casing, and is lightly weighted. The bottom is a triple-concrete clod, the upper part is a foamed rubber layer or air, and the top end is also provided with an electric lamp position 52. The plate-shaped buoy 5 is not afraid of wind and wave impact, reducing the pulling force on the anchor rope 51 and the anchor, and also sticking a waterproof notice on the plate-shaped buoy 1.
如图 7-11所示, 在本发明的第二实施例中, 一种集装板块鱼礁包括鱼礁 主体以及内置的辅助设施。 鱼礁主体 7 由四个带有内外薄膜胶片的三合土板 71通过固定元件如螺丝等固接, 形成立体中空结构。 在三合土板 71上均匀分 布有通孔 72, 使小鱼能够逃避大鱼的追捕以及让阳光射入。 在三合土板 71内 外两侧面设有可防止贝类粘贴的薄膜胶片, 内、外薄膜胶片上对应三合土板通 孔 72的位置设有通孔。 在每个三合土板 71的两端, 设有螺孔 73。 在金属板 74上, 设有与螺孔 73相对应的螺孔 75。 组装时, 只需将带有内外薄膜胶片的 三合土板 71上的螺孔 73与金属板 74上的螺孔 75对准,再用螺丝锁定, 即可 形成鱼礁主体 7的一个面, 将多个面固接, 即可构成鱼礁主体。这种鱼礁便于 组装, 只需单一小型模具及可制造, 渔民可自行制造及安装, 另外, 无需起重 吊臂车及船运送, 节省了成本。 As shown in Figures 7-11, in a second embodiment of the present invention, a container slab reef includes a reef body and a built-in auxiliary facility. The reef main body 7 is fixed by three fixing plates 71 with inner and outer film films through fixing members such as screws to form a three-dimensional hollow structure. A through hole 72 is evenly distributed on the three-way earth plate 71, so that the small fish can escape the pursuit of the big fish and let the sun shine. On both the inner and outer sides of the three-way earth plate 71, a film film for preventing the sticking of the shellfish is provided, and the inner and outer film films are provided with through holes at positions corresponding to the through holes 72 of the three-soil plate. At both ends of each of the three soil plates 71, screw holes 73 are provided. On the metal plate 74, a screw hole 75 corresponding to the screw hole 73 is provided. When assembling, it is only necessary to align the screw hole 73 on the triple soil plate 71 with the inner and outer film film with the screw hole 75 on the metal plate 74, and then lock with a screw to form a face of the reef body 7, which will be more The surface is fixed to form the main body of the reef. This reef is easy to assemble and requires only a single small mold and can be manufactured. Fishermen can manufacture and install it themselves. In addition, there is no need to lift the crane and ship to save costs.
在三合土板形成的鱼礁内部空间设置的辅助设施可为捕捉水产用的鱼笼 4, 鱼笼 4由金属制成, 形状与鱼礁形状相匹配, 设有胶片入口, 例如垂直的 鱼类入口 41、 扁平的蟹类 /鱿鱼类入口 42等。 不设置鱼笼的鱼礁, 在其底部 铺上砂层, 供大鱼栖息或产卵用。如图 12- 14所示, 可根据需要将鱼礁和鱼笼 设置成拱形, 两者形状相匹配, 鱼笼 81由木材制成, 如竹木等, 两端带有通 孔 811, 在鱼笼底部铺上砂层, 供大鱼栖息或产卵用。 如图 15- 17所示, 鱼笼 也可设置成单边闭口, 由竹木制成, 在鱼笼 82底部放上重物 821, 如胶袋沙 包等, 防止因鱼笼重量较轻而引起的飘移。 如图 18- 20所示, 鱼笼 83也可设 置成带活动门 831, 根据需要, 可将活动门 831关闭, 即形成如图 2所示的封 闭鱼笼, 活动门 831打开时, 即形成如图 15所示的单边开口鱼笼。 The auxiliary space provided in the interior of the reef formed by the three-soil plate may be a fish cage 4 for catching aquatic products. The fish cage 4 is made of metal and has a shape matching the shape of the reef, and has a film inlet, such as a vertical fish inlet. 41. Flat crab/salmon inlet 42 and so on. There is no fish reef with a fish cage, and a sand layer is placed on the bottom for large fish to inhabit or lay eggs. As shown in Figure 12-14, the reef and the fish cage can be arched as needed, and the shapes of the two are matched. The fish cage 81 is made of wood, such as bamboo and wood, with through holes 811 at both ends. The bottom of the cage is covered with a sand layer for large fish to inhabit or lay eggs. As shown in Figure 15-17, the fish cage can also be set as a single-sided closed, made of bamboo and wooden, and placed on the bottom of the fish cage 82 with heavy objects 821, such as plastic bags and sandbags, to prevent the fish cage from being lighter. Drifting. As shown in Figures 18-20, the fish cage 83 can also be provided with a movable door 831. The movable door 831 can be closed as needed, that is, a closed fish cage as shown in Fig. 2 is formed, and when the movable door 831 is opened, it is formed. A single-sided open fish cage as shown in FIG.
由于木材资源分布广泛, 尤其是竹子, 在世界各地均有生长, 采用竹制鱼 笼可降低成本, 另外, 有许多废弃的竹箩、 竹笼可利用, 也进一步降低了鱼笼 的成本。 在竹制鱼笼中放置的重物可以是胶袋沙包、 胶樽、 胶罐等, 里面填充
沙石, 成本低廉, 同时可有效防止竹制鱼笼的漂移。 Due to the wide distribution of wood resources, especially bamboo, which grows all over the world, the use of bamboo fish cages can reduce costs. In addition, many discarded bamboo rafts and bamboo cages can be used, which further reduces the cost of fish cages. The heavy objects placed in the bamboo fish cage can be plastic bags, sandbags, plastic bottles, plastic cans, etc. Sandstone, low cost, can effectively prevent the drift of bamboo fish cages.
如图 20所示, 在鱼礁 9 (也可为鱼笼式鱼礁) 内置的辅助设施还可包括 隐蔽式渔场监察装置, 对渔场进行全天候的监察, 为避免钓鱼者的破坏, 该装 置安装于鱼礁 9内部。 装置采用现有的闭路电视系统, 并在摄像镜头 91外加 装一防水保护罩即可, 鱼礁 9内部装设有照明灯 94以利于摄像。 还可根据需 要安装吸水装置 95、水流计 92、温度计 93等。影像和数据实时传送回监察室, 可防止人为破坏鱼礁或盗取鱼获, 同时可获知鱼群觅食、产卵等的时间从而减 少捕不到鱼的机会,收集到的数据资料也可以用来研究以增加渔业资源及改善 海洋环境。 As shown in Figure 20, the auxiliary facilities built in the Reef 9 (which can also be a fish cage reef) can also include a concealed fishery monitoring device to monitor the fishery all-weather, in order to avoid the destruction of the fishermen, the installation of the device Inside the fish reef 9. The device adopts the existing closed-circuit television system, and a waterproof protective cover is added outside the camera lens 91. The fish reef 9 is equipped with an illumination lamp 94 to facilitate the camera. Water absorbing devices 95, water flow meters 92, thermometers 93, etc. can also be installed as needed. Images and data are transmitted back to the monitoring room in real time to prevent man-made damage to fish reefs or stealing fish. At the same time, the fish can be informed of the time of foraging and spawning, thus reducing the chances of catching fish. The collected data can also be collected. Used to study to increase fishery resources and improve the marine environment.
鱼礁可根据需要设置成不同形状以及设置鱼笼, 如图 21所示, 包括有三 角形鱼礁 6、 不设鱼笼的三角形鱼礁 61、 梯形鱼礁 10、 不设鱼笼的梯形鱼礁 101、 圆拱形鱼礁 84、 方形鱼礁、 多角形鱼礁等等。 三角形的鱼礁可以撕破鱼 网, 阻止渔民在禁拖网地区拖鱼虾、 扒蚬等。 方形、 梯形鱼礁可方便叠合组装 成 2-3层高的鱼礁, 阻慢急流的水域, 使之前不适宜养鱼的水域也可以养鱼。 圆拱形鱼礁不易破坏拖网, 因此在某些地方适用。
Fish reefs can be set to different shapes and fish cages as needed, as shown in Figure 21, including triangular reefs 6, triangular reefs without fish cages 61, trapezoidal reefs 10, trapezoidal reefs without fish cages 101, arched fish reef 84, square fish reef, polygonal fish reef and so on. The triangular reef can tear the nets and prevent fishermen from towing fish, shrimps, etc. in the trawl area. The square and trapezoidal reefs can be easily assembled into a 2-3-layered reef, which slows down the rapids of the water, so that fish that were previously unsuitable for fish farming can also raise fish. Round arched reefs do not easily damage trawls and are therefore suitable in some places.