JP6709937B2 - Submarine-mounted net cage for abalone cultivation - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an undersea installed net cage for growing abalone that is difficult to be buried in sand even if it is installed on a seabed with a lot of sand for a long time.

Due to various reasons such as eating damage to sea urchins, sea urchins, small snails, influx of domestic wastewater and sediment, change of ocean current, seaweed growing on the seabed decreases or disappears, it does not recover as it is, the seabed becomes a desert, so-called It may be in a state of rock burning. When the seabed becomes such a state, the seafood will decrease from the sea, and the seafood will not be caught. Then, the economic situation of the community having such a seabed will be significantly deteriorated.

At present, the seabed in such a state is located in various parts of Japan, and the economic conditions of the communities having such a seabed have deteriorated significantly, and there is a strong demand for their recovery.

In order to recover the economy of a community with such a seabed, it is necessary to utilize such seabed to generate as much profit as possible. One example of a method of utilizing the seabed to generate as much profit as possible is to culture abalone. Abalones sell at high prices and provide great economic benefits to farmers.

However, since there are almost no brown algae that feed on abalone on such seabeds, it is necessary to feed the cultured abalone, but if only the abalone of the abalone is released, the abalone of the abalone will be hidden. They escape to the surroundings in search of a place and cannot feed.

In addition, if abalone juveniles are released to the seabed as they are, there is no place to hide them, and they will be eaten by natural enemies (octopus, starfish, puffer fish, spatula, crab, spiny lobster) and grow. Abalone harvest cannot be expected.

In order to prevent the escape of the abalone of the abalone and to protect the abalone of the abalone from natural enemies, it is conceivable to put the abalone of the abalone together with the fish reef block in the cage and cultivate the abalone by sinking this cage to the seabed. ..

However, if you try to cultivate abalone by sinking such a cage to the seabed, the abalone cultivation period will be long, so during the cultivation of abalone, sand on the seabed will move due to tidal currents and waves, or drifting sand in the sea. However, the cage and the fish reef block may be buried in these sands, and the abalone culture may not be able to continue halfway.

JP 2004-305042A JP, 2014-150770, A

Satoshi Kambara, Katsuya Hattori, Yasuhiro Okamura, Yoshiaki Miyake, Junpei Arakawa “Fisheries Experiment Station 2005 Business Report 1 Sea Surface Aquaculture Technology Test (Cultivation and Fisheries Group) (5) Lame seaweed regeneration emergency technology development test” Proving Ground 2006

The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the seabed that has been shore-burned is not used for fishing, and when seafood is cultivated in a cage that is installed on the seabed with a lot of sand, the cage is buried in the sand during cultivation. This means that the aquaculture can no longer be cultivated, and once the seabed is in a state of shore-burning, the seaweed beds cannot be easily restored by natural power alone.

The seabed installation type net cage for abalone cultivation according to the present invention comprises a plurality of fish reef blocks, a fish reef block support that supports the fish reef blocks from below, and an upper net that covers the fish reef blocks from above, The fish reef block support comprises a lower net that supports the fish reef block from below, and a support frame that supports the lower net in a pulled state, and the upper net and the lower net are made of a net material, The uppermost net and the lower net form a space surrounding the fish reef block, and the main feature is that the lower net is provided at a distance from the seabed.

Here, the central portion of the lower net is supported by a central anchor penetrating substantially the central portion of the lower net, and a space is formed between the lower net and the seabed. As the support frame, for example, four pipes assembled in a rectangular shape in a cross shape and fixed at the intersection with a binding band or a rope can be used, but other than this, a solid rectangular frame can be used. A support frame formed by the method may be used.

Further, the cage is preferably 5 to 20 m below the sea level. The abalone habitat is said to be 2 to 6 m below sea level for black abalone, 4 to 15 m below sea level for mega abalone, and 10 to 30 m below sea level for medaka abalone, and it is possible to choose between a target species and a cage. On the other hand, if it is deeper than 12 m below the sea level, it is difficult for the violent waves and tidal currents caused by typhoons to affect the live cage, and the vigorous waves and tidal currents caused by typhoons are unlikely to move or destroy the cage. However, at 5 to 12 m, it is possible to install with increased anchor strength in a water area that does not face the open ocean. The setting depth of the cage is preferably up to the depth where fishermen can normally dive, and the lower limit is 16 m below the sea level and at most 20 m.

The mesh of the net material forming the upper net is preferably 4 cm to 6 cm. If the mesh size is less than 4 cm, the upper net will be clogged with dirt or attached organisms in seawater, and if the mesh size exceeds 6 cm, abalone may escape, but the mesh size should be in the range of 4 cm to 6 cm. For example, seawater outside the upper net easily flows into the upper net through the upper net, and the seawater in the upper net is constantly exchanged for fresh seawater, so that the abalone growth environment is kept good. ..

The lower net is composed of an intermediate layer, a surface layer laminated on the front surface side of the intermediate layer, and a back surface layer laminated on the back surface side of the intermediate layer. Is 1.5 cm to 2 cm, and the mesh size of the front surface layer and the back surface layer is larger than that of the intermediate layer. The mesh of the net material of the intermediate layer is set to 1.5 cm to 2 cm so that the tensile strength of the lower net can be increased as much as possible and the lower net can be strongly stretched to the support frame to support the heavy fish reef block. This is because it is possible to pass through the sand.

Further, the upper net is provided with an opening, and the opening is provided with a door so that a fisherman can open the door to catch the abalone in the cage.

In addition, four anchors are driven into the seabed around the cage, and the supporting frame of the cage is moored to these anchors via ropes so that the cage does not move due to waves or tidal currents.

Since the lower net and the upper net of the abalone-raising net cage according to claim 1 are made of a net material, sand on the sea floor or sand in the sea moves through the lower net and the upper net or moves. Since the lower net is located at a distance from the seabed, the lower net is not filled with slipped sand or dropped sand. Therefore, even if a long time has passed since the cage was installed, the cage will not be buried by the sand that moves on the seabed or drift sand in the sea, and the cage can be installed on the seabed for a long period of time. There are advantages.

In the abalone-raised net cage according to claim 1, the lower net and the upper net are made of net material, and the tidal current in the sea flows through the lower net and the upper net. Even if there are strong waves and tidal currents caused by typhoons, the cages have the advantage that they are hard to be pushed and moved by the waves and tidal currents.

The seabed-installed net cage according to claim 1, further comprising the upper net above the lower net, the upper net covering the fish reef block, and the space surrounding the fish reef block with the lower net and the upper net. Is formed, and the cultured abalone living in the gaps of the fish reef block or the back surface of the fish reef is protected from natural enemies, there is an advantage that the survival rate of the cultured abalone does not deteriorate due to the natural enemies outside the cage.

The seabed-installed net cage according to claim 1, further comprising the upper net above the lower net, the upper net covering the fish reef block, and the space surrounding the fish reef block with the lower net and the upper net. Are formed and the juveniles of brown algae that have grown on the reef block are protected from algae-eating fish, the grown brown algae can be used as bait for abalone, which can reduce the feeding work for cultured abalone. There is an advantage that you can.

The seabed-installed net cage according to claim 1, further comprising the upper net above the lower net, the upper net covering the fish reef block, and the space surrounding the fish reef block with the lower net and the upper net. Are formed, and the juveniles of brown algae that have landed on the fish reef block are protected from algae-eating fish, there is an advantage that the sea reef bed is restored using the fish reef block as a base.

Further, in the abalone-raised net cage according to claim 2, since the central portion of the lower net is supported by the central anchor, the center of the lower net that is going to hang down by the weight of the fish reef block. There is the advantage that a space can be provided between the section and the seabed.

In addition, the abalone cage for growing abalone according to claim 3 is installed deeper than 12 m below the sea level because it is hard to be affected by severe waves and tidal currents caused by typhoons and the like. Since it is difficult for the fish and tidal current to affect the cage, there is an advantage that the cage cannot be easily moved or destroyed by the strong waves and tidal currents caused by typhoons.

Further, in the net bottom cage for abalone cultivation according to claim 4, the mesh material forming the upper net has a mesh of 4 cm to 6 cm, and the mesh of the upper net due to dirt or adherent organisms in seawater. Since clogging is unlikely to occur, seawater outside the upper net easily flows into the upper net through the upper net, and the seawater in the upper net is constantly exchanged for fresh seawater. It has the advantage of being kept well.

Further, in the net-bottom net-type cage for abalone cultivation according to claim 5, since the lower net is reinforced by a rope in a diagonal position, the fish reef block on the lower net is more firmly fixed by the lower net. It has the advantage of being able to support.

Further, in the net bottom cage for abalone cultivation according to claim 6, since the lower net is formed by three resin nets and the tensile strength of the lower net is enhanced, the lower net is strongly pulled. There is an advantage that the fish reef block on the lower net can be firmly supported by the lower net by tensioning the supporting frame to the support frame.

Further, in the net-bottom fish cage of the abalone-cultivating type according to claim 7, the upper net is provided with an opening, and the opening is provided with a door. Therefore, a fisherman opens the door to open the fish cage from the opening. There is an advantage that you can easily release the abalone of the abalone and get the abalone in the cage easily.

Further, since the support frame of the abalone-raising net cage according to claim 8 is anchored to the anchor, even if the cage is agitated by a strong wave or tidal current caused by a typhoon, etc. It has the advantage of not moving to a location.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a seabed cage for abalone cultivation according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an arrangement state of a plurality of fish reef blocks supported by a fish reef block support of an abalone-raising net net cage according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a fish reef block support of a net-bottom cage for abalone cultivation according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the seabed and the seabed installed on the seabed for abalone cultivation according to the present invention installed on the seabed. FIG. 5: is a perspective view which shows the other example of the seabed installation type net cage for abalone cultivation which concerns on this invention.

For the purpose of cultivating abalone in the seabed installed type net cage for abalone cultivation installed on the sandy seabed that has become shore-burned and using the seabed for abalone cultivation, leave the net cage from the seabed. With the simple configuration of installation, it was realized so that the cage could not be filled with sand moving on the seabed or drift sand in the sea.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an abalone-raising net-bottom cage for abalone cultivation according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plurality of supports supported by a fish reef block support of an abalone-raising sea-bottom fish cage according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an arrangement state of individual fish reef blocks, FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a fish reef block support of a net bottom cage for abalone cultivation according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is the present invention in a state of being installed on the sea bottom. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the seabed installed type net cage for abalone cultivation which concerns, and the seabed.

As shown in FIG. 1, a cage 10, which is an example of a seabed-installed net cage for abalone cultivation according to the present invention, includes a plurality of fish reef blocks 12 and a fish reef block support 14 that supports the fish reef blocks 12 from below. , An upper net 16 that covers a plurality of fish reef blocks 12 from above. A space surrounding the fish reef block 12 is formed by the fish reef block support 14 and the upper net 16.

Here, it is preferable that the fish reef block 12 has a shape in which a gap in which abalone can live is formed on the lower side (back side), for example, an H-shaped section, a U-shaped section, or an L-shaped section, and an irregular shape. Etc., various shapes can be used. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of fish reef blocks 12 are placed on the fish reef block support body 14 with their front and back sides staggered at a predetermined interval. Adjacent fish reef blocks 12 are connected to each other by a rope or the like (not shown) so that the fish reef blocks 12 do not gather in one place even if the cage is disturbed by a storm such as a typhoon.

As shown in FIG. 3, the fish reef block support 14 includes a support frame 18 and a lower net 20 stretched by the support frame 18. The support frame 18 is composed of four pipes each having a length of 5 m and a thickness of 8.5 cmφ. The four pipes are assembled in a cross beam shape, and the intersecting parts are fixed by connecting fittings or binding bands.

A through hole 24 is formed in the center of the lower net 20, and a reinforcing rope 26 is attached to a diagonal position of the lower net 20. The lower net 20 is formed by integrally laminating an intermediate layer, a surface layer laminated on the front surface side of the intermediate layer, and a back surface layer laminated on the back surface side of the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer, the front surface layer, and the back surface layer are made of a net material. The mesh material of the intermediate layer has a mesh of 1.5 cm, the surface layer has a mesh of 5 cm, and the back surface has a mesh of 5 cm.

The upper net 16 is made of a net material, and the mesh of the net material forming the upper net 16 is 5 cm. The upper net 16 in this example is formed in a box shape, and the upper surface and the side surface of the box-shaped upper net 16 are integrally formed. A reinforcing rope 28 is attached to the upper surface of the upper net 16 at a diagonal position. An opening (not shown) is formed on the upper surface of the upper net 16, and a door (not shown) is attached to the opening.

Corner anchors 30 are driven into the seabed in the vicinity of the respective connecting portions at the four corners of the support frame 18. The corner anchor 30 is composed of four pipes each having a length of 3 m and a thickness of 8.5 cmφ. The corner anchor 30 is driven into the seabed for 2 m, and 1 m above the seabed.

The central anchor 32 is driven into the seabed in a state of penetrating the through hole 24 in the central portion of the lower net 20. The central anchor 32 is a pipe having a length of 4 m and a thickness of 8.5 cmφ and is driven into the seabed for 2 m, and 2 m above the seabed. The central portion of the lower net 20 is supported by a central anchor 32 penetrating the through hole 24, as shown in FIG. 4, so as to be spaced from the seabed 22.

One end of the reinforcing rope 26 of the lower net 20 is connected to the central anchor 32, and the other end of the reinforcing rope 26 is connected to the corner anchor 30. Further, one end of the reinforcing rope 28 of the upper net 16 is connected to the central anchor 32, and the other end of the reinforcing rope 28 is connected to the corner anchor 30.

The upper net 16 is not limited to a flat rectangular parallelepiped shape as shown in FIG. 1, but a tent-like (shade-like) shape made of a quadrangular pyramid on top of a flat rectangular parallelepiped as shown in FIG. It may have a shape in which an object is placed. When the upper net having such a shape is used, there is an advantage that the fisherman can easily perform the work when entering the fish cage 10. Further, as the material of the support frame 18 and the anchors 30 and 32, synthetic resin or metal can be used. When a synthetic resin is used, one having high strength is preferable, and when a metal is used, one having corrosion resistance such as stainless steel is preferable. Further, it is more preferable to attach a battery metal for corrosion prevention to the stainless anchor pile.

Next, a description will be given of how to install the above-mentioned net-bottom cage for abalone cultivation and how to use the net cage.

Installation of cages: The fish reef block support 14 in which the lower net 20 is attached to the support frame 18 is prepared in advance on land. Here, four reinforcing ropes 26 are integrally attached in advance to the diagonal positions of the lower net 20, and a through hole 24 is formed in the central portion of the lower net 20 in advance.

Next, the fish reef block support body 14 is carried to the sea where the fish cage is desired to be installed, the fish reef block support body 14 is lowered into the sea, and the fish reef block support body 14 is laid on the seabed 22. The central anchor 32 is penetrated through the through hole 24 at the center of the lower net 20 of the fish reef block support 14 and driven into the seabed 22. The fish reef block 12 is placed on the lower net 20 of the fish reef block support 14. Adjacent fish reef blocks 12 are connected to each other by ropes or binding bands (not shown).

Next, each corner anchor 30 is driven into the seabed 22 near the four corners of the support frame 18 of the fish reef block support 14. With respect to the four reinforcing ropes 26 attached to the lower net 20, one end of each is firmly tied to the central anchor 32 and each other end is tightly tied to the corner anchor 30.

Next, the upper net 16 is lowered from the ship into the sea, the upper net 16 is placed on the fish reef block support 14, and the lower frame of the upper net 16 is connected to the support frame 18 of the fish reef block support 14. For the four reinforcing ropes 28 attached to the upper net 16, one end of each is tightly tied to the central anchor 32 and the other end of each is tightly tied to the corner anchor 30.

A floating ball (not shown) is attached to the central anchor 32 via a rope (not shown). The float floats over the sea and informs the location of the cage.

Release of juvenile abalone: Fishermen releasing juvenile abalone go to the place of the cage by boat. The location of the cage should be a float. The fishermen who went to the place of the cages dive into the sea with the released juvenile abalone. The fisherman who dived opens the door to the entrance to the cage, enters the cage through the entrance, and releases the juvenile abalone from the reef block 12. The fishermen who released the juvenile abalone go out through the doors of the cage and close the doors of the cage, then ascend and return to the boat.

Feeding abalone: Fishermen feeding abalone go to the cage by boat. The location of the cage should be a float. Pull up the rope with the float attached to it and attach the bucket to the rope. The brown algae prepared as abalone bait is crushed with seawater in a mixer, and the obtained slurry of brown algae (a liquid mixture consisting of crushed pieces of brown algae and seawater) is put in a bucket. The bucket containing the slurry is dropped into the sea along with the rope, and the bucket dropped into the sea is turned over on a cage. The slurry in the bucket slowly drops toward the cage by its own weight, passes through the upper net of the cage and enters the cage, and falls on the fish reef block 12. The slurry that has fallen on the fish reef block 12, that is, the fragments of brown algae, is eaten by the abalone juveniles living in the gaps of the fish reef block 12.

Abalone Retrieval: Abalone harvest fishermen ship to the cage. The location of the cage should be a float. A fisherman who goes to the place of the cage holds a net bag for harvesting and dives under the sea. The fisherman who dived opens the door of the cage door, enters the cage through the doorway, flips the fish reef block 12 over the fish reef block 12, and removes the abalone attached to the back side of the fish reef block 12. The fisherman who harvested the abalone goes out through the door of the cage, closes the door of the cage, floats up, and returns to the boat.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to aquaculture of seafood other than abalone living on the seabed, such as shrimp, crab, and scallop.

10 Fish cage 12 Fish reef block 14 Fish reef block support 16 Upper net 18 Support frame 20 Lower net 22 Seabed 24 Through hole 26 Reinforcing rope 28 Reinforcing rope 30 Corner anchor 32 Central anchor

Claims (9)

The cage consists of a cage placed on the seabed of the sand and an anchor driven into the ocean floor. The cage is a fish reef block support, a fish reef block placed on the fish reef block support, and the fish reef block. The fish reef block support includes a lower net that supports the fish reef block from below and a support frame that supports the lower net in a pulled state. The block support is provided near the seabed and spaced from the seabed, the anchor includes a plurality of corner anchors and a central anchor, and the fish reef block support is moored and fixed to the corner anchor . An undersea net cage for abalone cultivation characterized by. The seabed-mounted net cage according to claim 1, wherein a central portion of the lower net is supported by a central anchor penetrating substantially the central portion of the lower net. The seabed cage for abalone cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the cage is installed 5 to 20 m below the sea level. The submarine-installed net cage for abalone cultivation according to claim 1, which is installed 12 to 20 m below the sea level. The sea bottom installed type net cage for abalone cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the mesh material forming the upper net has a mesh size of 4 cm to 6 cm. The seabed installed type net cage for abalone cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the lower net is reinforced by a rope in a diagonal position. The lower net comprises an intermediate layer, a surface layer laminated on the front surface side of the intermediate layer, and a back surface layer laminated on the back surface side of the intermediate layer, and the mesh of the mesh material of the intermediate layer is 1. It is 5 cm to 2 cm, and the mesh between the front surface layer and the back surface layer is larger than the mesh between the intermediate layers. The submarine-installing net cage according to claim 1, wherein the upper net is provided with an opening, and the opening is provided with a door. The seabed cage for abalone cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the anchor driven into the seabed is moored with a rope.

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