Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
  • C09D127/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
  • C09D127/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
  • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
  • G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
  • G02B1/111—Anti-reflection coatings using layers comprising organic materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
  • C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to fluoropolymer coatings.
• the coatings contain fluorinated telomers, and are useful in providing low- reflectance layers having abrasion and scratch resistance.
• fluoropolymer coatings often do not have sufficient abrasion resistance such as scratch resistance because fluoropolymer is itself soft. There is a need for coatings having relatively low reflective index and adequate adhesion. It is desirable to be able to form such coatings using fluoropolymer solutions.
• the present invention is directed to these, and other, important ends.
• One aspect of the present invention is a coating comprising a fluorinated telomer and one or more fluorinated copolymers selected from: a fluorinated copolymer of the formula VF2/TFE/HFP wherein the molar ratio of TFE to HFP is from about 0.1 to about 1.9 and the VF2 content is from about 12 to about 60 mole %; a fluorinated copolymer of the formula VF2/HFP wherein the VF2 content is from about 40 to about ⁇ O mole %; a fluorinated copolymer of the formula VF2/TFE/PMVE wherein the VF2 content is from about 18 to about 60 mole % and the TFE/PMVE mole ratio is from about 0.1 to about1.9.
• the amount of telomer is up to 80% by weight.
• the telomer comprises tetrafluoroethylene or perfluoroalkylpolyether units.
• the telomere has the formula (C 2 F 4 ) n or F-(CFCF 3 -CF 2 -O) n -CF 2 CF 3 wherein n is 2 to 500.
• the telomere is endcapped.
• Substrates that can be coated with the coating include PMMA, PC, PET, PS, TAC and glass.
• Another aspect of the present invention is a two-layer coating system for coating substrates comprising an upper layer containing a fluorinated telomer and one or more fluorinated copolymers selected from: a. poly(TFE/HFP) wherein the molar ratio of HFP to TFE is from about 0.3 to about 1.9; b. VF2/TFE/HFP terpolymer, wherein the molar ratio of HFP to TFE is from about 0.3 to about 1.9 and the concentration of VF2 is about 19 mole %; and c.
• a fluorinated telomer selected from: a. poly(TFE/HFP) wherein the molar ratio of HFP to TFE is from about 0.3 to about 1.9; b. VF2/TFE/HFP terpolymer, wherein the molar ratio of HFP to TFE is from about 0.3 to about 1.9 and the concentration of VF2 is about 19 mole %; and c.
• poly(VF2/TFE/HFP) wherein the ratio of TFE to HFP is from about 0.3 to about 1.9 and the concentration of VF2 is from about 18 to about 60 mole % on PMMA substrates and from about 12 to about 40 mole % on PC, PET, and PS substrates
• poly(VF/TFE/HFP) wherein the ratio of TFE to HFP is from about 0.9 to about 2.1 and the concentration of VF is from about 42 to about 58 mole %; c. poly(VAc/TFE/HFIB) wherein the concentration of VAc is from to 69 mole % and the concentration of HFIB is from 14 to 52 mole %; and d. a TFE/PVOH graft comprising about 46 mole percent TFE.
• the amount of telomer is up to 80% by weight.
• the telomer comprises tetrafluoroethylene or perfluoroalkylpolyether units.
• the telomere has the formula (C 2 F 4 ) n or F-(CFCF 3 -CF 2 -O) n -CF 2 CF 3 wherein n is 2 to 500.
• the telomere is endcapped.
• Another aspect of the present invention is a method of increasing the hardness of a coating comprising a fluorinated copolymer , comprising incorporating into the coating a fluorinated telomer.
• a further aspect of the present invention is a method of coating a substrate, comprising: a. providing a substrate having a surface; b. dissolving a fluorinated copolymer in a solvent to form a product; c. adding to the product a dispersion comprising a fluorinated telomer in a fluorinated solvent to form a mixture; and applying the mixture of step b) to the surface of the substrate to form a coating.
• the present invention provides coating systems that show improved hardness as compared to conventional coatings made from fluoropolymers, and methods of preparing such coatings.
• the coating systems comprise fluorinated copolymers and fluorinated telomers. It has been discovered that the abrasion resistance of fluoropolymer coatings is improved by addition of a fluorinated telomer.
• the coatings provide an anti-reflectance (AR) coating having desirable abrasion resistance and adhesion properties without the need to apply primers or surface protection layers.
• AR anti-reflectance
• telomer a low-molecular weight fluorinated polymer, preferably with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 500. Telomers can have a wide variety of degrees of polymerization such as, for example, 18 or more, up to 100, 400, or 500.
• fluorinated means that at least 90% of the combined total of halogen and hydrogen atoms are fluorine atoms.
• the polymer is perfluorinated, which means that substantially or exactly 100% of the combined total of halogen and hydrogen atoms on the backbone are fluorine atoms.
• the fluorinated telomer is derived from polytetrafluoroethylene oligomers or perfluoroalkylpolyethers oligomers, such as those having formula (C 2 F 4 ) n or F-(CFCF 3 -CF 2 -O) n -CF 2 CF 3 , excluding end-capping, where n is typically within the range of 2 to 500 but can be, for example from about 18 to 50, 100 or 200.
• the telomer chains can be end-capped by any group that does not significantly affect the properties of the telomer, such as H, alkyl groups and fluorinated alkyl groups.
• the telomers can be a mixture of two or more fluorinated telomere compositions and/or molecular weights. Such telomers are well-known and can be prepared by any known methods such as those disclosed in Ameduri, B et al, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry (2001 ), 107(2), 397-409 and Topics in Current Chemistry (1997), 192, Organofluorine Chemistry: Fluorinated Alkenes and Reactive Intermediates, 165-233. Telomers suitable for use in the instant invention can also contain small amounts of additives, such as , for example, silica, rust-preventive agents, molybdenum disulfide, sodium nitrite and/or graphite.
• additives such as , for example, silica, rust-preventive agents, molybdenum disulfide, sodium nitrite and/or graphite.
• Telomers useful in the instant invention can also be obtained commercially from various sources.
• fluorinated telomers are those in the Krytox® perfluoroalkylpolyethers family such as Krytox® 143 and Krytox® GPL, and those in the DuPontTM DryFilm family such as DuPontTM DryFilm RA and DuPontTM DryFilm 1000, all available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Wilmington, DE.
• Krytox® and DuPontTM Dry Film compounds are particles that are sold commercially as dispersions in a solvent.
• the telomer can be dispersed in a solvent for ease of addition to the coating system.
• Typical solvents in which the telomer can be dispersed include, for example, isopropyl alcohol, fluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons such as those in the Vertrel® family of solvents, as well as mixtures thereof.
• the dispersion can contain about 0.01 % to 20%, and usually about 0.1 to 5% by weight of the telomer.
• the amount of telomer in the coating can be any amount, preferably up to about 80% by weight, or up to about 20 % by weight, respectively.
• telomere based on tetrafluoroethylene such as those in the DryFilm family
• the preferred range is from about 0.1 to aboutiO wt% and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 5 wt%.
• telomere based on perfluoroalkylpolyethers such as those in the Krytox® family
• the preferred range is from about 0.1 to about 80 wt% and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 50 wt%.
• Substrates suitable for coating with the coating compositions disclosed herein can be any optically clear plastic or glass substrate.
• Preferred substrates are glass, PMMA, PC, PET, TAC and PS; more preferred are glass and PMMA.
• the thickness of the coating is preferably from10 nm to 1000 nm; more preferably from 70 nm to 120 nm.
• the fluorinated copolymer is preferably selected from: a fluorinated copolymer of the formula VF2/TFE/HFP wherein the molar ratio of TFE to HFP is from about 0.1 to about 1.9 and the VF2 content is from about 12 to about 60 mole %; a fluorinated copolymer of the formula VF2/HFP wherein the VF2 content is from about 40 to about ⁇ O mole %; a fluorinated copolymer of the formula VF2/TFE/PMVE wherein the VF2 content is from about 18 to about 60 mole % and the TFE/PMVE mole ratio is from about 0.1 to abouti .9.
• the polymer has the formula VF2/HFP with a molar ratio of TFE to HFP from 0.1 to 1.9 and a VF2 content of about 40 to 80 mole %, preferably 47 to 60%.
• the VF2 content is from about 40 to about50% and the substrate is preferably PMMA.
• the VF2 content is from about 70 to about 80% and the substrate is preferably glass.
• the polymer has the formula VF2/TFE/PMVE wherein the VF2 content is from about 18 to about 60 mole % and the TFE/PMVE mole ratio is from about 0.1 to about 1.9. In another embodiment the VF2 content is from about 30 to about 35 mole %, the TFE/PMVE mole ratio is from about 0.2 to about 0.3, and the substrate is preferably PMMA.
• the coating system has the formula VF2/TFE/HFP with a VF2 content of about 12 to 40 mole % with a PMMA substrate, and a VF2 content of 18 to 40 mole % when the substrate is selected from the group consisting of PC, PET, and PS.
• the VF2 content is 47 to 60 mole %, the molar ratio of TFE to HFP is between 0.1 and 1.9, and the substrate is PMMA, and where the VF2 content is 47 to 60 mole %, the molar ratio of TFE to HFP is between 0.1 and 1.5, and the substrate is selected from the group consisting of PET, PC, PS and glass.
• the VF2 content is greater than 50 mole % to 60 mole %.
• the molar ratio of TFE to HFP is between 0.4 and 1.9, the VF 2 content is about 12-50%, and the substrate is PMMA, or the molar ratio of TFE to HFP is between 0.4 and 1.9, the VF 2 content is about 18 to 50 mole % and the substrate is selected from the group consisting of PC, PET, and PS.
• telomer is contained withinin the top (outer) layer.
• the substrates and fluorinated telomer suitable for this coating system are as described herein.
• the upper layer comprises a fluorinated telomer and one or more fluorinated copolymers selected from: a. poly(TFE/HFP) wherein the molar ratio of HFP to TFE is from about 0.3 to about 1.9; b. VF2/TFE/HFP terpolymer, wherein the molar ratio of HFP to TFE is from about 0.3 to about 1.9 and the concentration of VF2 is about 19 mole %; and c.
• the lower layer comprises one or more selected from: a. poly(VF2/TFE/HFP) wherein the ratio of TFE to HFP is from about 0.3 to about 1.9 and the concentration of VF2 is from about 18 to about 60 mole % on PMMA substrates and from about 12 to about 40 mole % on PC, PET, and PS substrates; b. poly(VF/TFE/HFP) wherein the ratio of TFE to HFP is from about 0.9 to about 2.1 and the concentration of VF is from about 42 to about 58 mole %; c.
• the two-layer coating system is used to coat
• the ratio of TFE to HFP is from about 0.9 to about 1.9 in both the lower and upper layer, and the concentration of VF 2 is from about
• the thickness of the upper layer can be, for example, from about 10 to about 1000 nm, from about 30 to about 120 nm, or from about 70 to about 120 nm.
• compositions disclosed herein can provide increased hardness in a coating comprising a fluorinated polymer. Increased hardness is provided by incorporating into the coating a fluorinated telomere, as disclosed herein.
• the fluorinated copolymers, substrates, and fluorinated telomer are as described above.
• the coating system can be a one or two layer system, also as described above.
• the invention is also directed to a method of preparing a coating on a substrate, comprising: a. dissolving a fluorinated copolymer in a solvent to form a product; b. adding to the product a dispersion containing a fluorinated telomer in a solvent to form a mixture; and c. applying the mixture to the surface of the substrate to form a coating.
• the fluorinated copolymers, substrates, and tetrafluoroethylene telomer are as described above.
• the coating system can be a one or two layer system, also as described above. Any solvent can be used to dissolve the fluorinated copolymer and/or disperse the telomer provided that it is inert to the substrate, polymers and other solvents used. A mixture of solvents may also be used for either the copolymer or telomer.
• Typical solvents for both include, for example, isopropyl alcohol, fluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons such as those in the Vertrel® family, Novec TM family of solvents and ketone solvent such as methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone, or the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
• the solvent is itself fluorinated.
• the dispersion will contain about 0.01 % to 20% and usually about 0.1 to 5%, by weight of the telomer.
• the fluorinated is also dissolved in a solvent at a concentration of about 0.01 % to 20% and usually about 0.1 to 5%, by weight of the copolymer.
• the polymers described herein can be made using known methods. Preferably, such methods provide desirably high fluorine content, optical clarity and solution coatability known for fluorinated copolymer coatings. Suitable methods include emulsion and bulk polymerization methods as disclosed, for example, in , Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 1989, Vol. 16, pg 601-613 and Vol. 7, pg. 257-269, John Wiley & Sons.
• copolymers used in the Examples below were made by polymerization at 14,000 psi and 200-400°C as disclosed in US Patent Nos. 5,478,905 and 5,637,663, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• Hardness was measured in conformity to JIS K5400. Hardness of the coating was checked by scratching with the lead of a pencil and shown by concentration signs . 6B, 5B, 4B, 3B, 2B, B, HB, F, H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, where 6B is the softest and 6H is the hardest.
• the test piece was turned up on a painted surface and fixed on a level stand. A pencil was held at an angle of 45 degrees, and pressed against the painted surface as strongly as possible to the extent that the lead does not break, pushed out about 1 cm with constant speed ahead of a tester to scratch the coating. The speed to push out was set to 1 cm/s.
• a tool with 10 razor blades separated by a distance of 1 mm was used to cut the coating down to the plastic substrate, drawing the razor blade tool first in one direction and then a second time in a perpendicular direction. This resulted in 100 crosshatched squares. Scotch® brand adhesive tape was applied to the crosshatched area with moderate pressure and pulled off rapidly. Adhesion was scored as the number of squares out of 100 still attached to the substrate.
• the fluoropolymer used in the examples was a 52/22/26mol% VF2/HFP/TFE terpolymer. This was compounded with varying amounts of DupontTM DryFilm Dispersions -RA" (E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Wilmington, DE), a TFE telomer having the average molecular weight of 3,000 dispersed in Vertrel® XF solvent.
• the chemical structure of the DupontTM Dryfilm is (C 2 F 4 ) n , where n is typically 10-500.
• PMMA and glass plates measuring 2.5 cm by 5.0 cm by 3 mm thick were used for testing.
• the plates were coated by lowering the plates into the polymer solution at a rate of 300mm/min. and then, 30 seconds later, raising the plates back out of the solution at 225mm/min. After 5-10 minutes air drying, the plates were dried for 10 minutes in an air oven. The temperature was 80 degree C for PMMA, and 300 degree C for glass plates. The results are shown below in Table 1.
• PC plates measuring 2.5 cm by 5.0 cm by 3 mm thick were used for testing.
• the plates were coated by lowering the plates into the polymer solution at a rate of 300mm/min. and then, 30 seconds later, raising the plates back out of the solution at 225mm/min. After 5-10 minutes air drying, the plates were dried for 10 minutes in an air oven at 120 0 C. The results are shown below in Table 2.
• Solutions of 2.0 wt% fluoropolymer (52/22/26mol% VF2/HFP/TFE terpolymer) in Vertrel® XF were made by agitating chunks of the polymer with solvent for several days at room temperature.
• the Krytox® dispersion was added to the solution.
• the dispersion used was Krytox® GPL-104 (E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Wilmington, DE), a telomer of hexafluoropropylene epoxide dispersed in Vertrel® XF solvent.
• the chemical structure of the Krytox is F-(CF(CF 3 )CF 2 -CF 2 -O) n -CF 2 CF 3 , where n' is 2 to 500.

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