WO2006045225A1 - Embrayage antirecul du type à contact de surface amélioré - Google Patents

Embrayage antirecul du type à contact de surface amélioré Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006045225A1
WO2006045225A1 PCT/CN2004/001240 CN2004001240W WO2006045225A1 WO 2006045225 A1 WO2006045225 A1 WO 2006045225A1 CN 2004001240 W CN2004001240 W CN 2004001240W WO 2006045225 A1 WO2006045225 A1 WO 2006045225A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clutch
drum
friction plate
disc
driven
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2004/001240
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wenming Han
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beijing Wujitong Automotive Systems Tecnology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Beijing Wujitong Automotive Systems Tecnology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Beijing Wujitong Automotive Systems Tecnology Co Ltd filed Critical Beijing Wujitong Automotive Systems Tecnology Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2004/001240 priority Critical patent/WO2006045225A1/zh
Publication of WO2006045225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006045225A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/04—Freewheels or freewheel clutches combined with a clutch for locking the driving and driven members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a one-way overrunning clutch for transmitting torque in one direction, and particularly relates to a surface contact type one-way clutch capable of transmitting large torque in applications such as idle speed and high frequency.
  • the one-way overrunning clutch has various structural types, including a ratchet type, a roller chute type, a wedge type, and a link type, but the one-way clutch of these structures has many disadvantages:
  • the ratchet one-way overrunning clutch is mainly composed of an outer wheel, a ratchet, a pawl and a leaf spring.
  • the pawl catches the ratchet, the outer wheel and the ratchet are integrally connected and rotate synchronously, and the clutch is in a locked state;
  • the outer wheel rotates in the other direction with respect to the ratchet, between the pawl and the ratchet Relative slip occurs, the outer wheel becomes the free wheel, and the clutch is in a free state.
  • the engagement position of the ratchet and the pawl of the clutch is limited (the ratchet rotates at least - the angle of the ratchet with respect to the outer wheel at a time to ensure that the pawl cooperates with the ratchet), and a large impact and P noise is generated during the engagement. Not sensitive enough, 'only for low speed, low frequency transmission.
  • the Chinese Utility Model Patent No. CN2594533 authorized by the State Intellectual Property Office on December 24, 2003, discloses a ratchet type one-way clutch, which has the disadvantage of going back.
  • the roller chute type one-way overrunning clutch is composed of an outer ring, an inner ring, a roller, a roller return spring and the like.
  • a wedge groove for accommodating the roller is formed on the inner surface of the outer ring or the outer surface of the inner ring, and the roller groove and the return spring are arranged in the wedge groove, and the elastic force of the spring pushes each roller toward the narrow end of the wedge groove.
  • the one-way overrunning clutch is in the locked state; when the outer ring rotates in the other direction with respect to the inner ring, the roller overcomes the spring force of the spring under the action of the friction force, rolling toward the wedge shape At the wider end of Cao, slipping occurs, and the outer ring is free to slip relative to the F3 ⁇ 4 ring. At this time, the one-way overrunning clutch is released from the lock and is in a free state. Since the roller is always in line contact with the inner and outer rings, the clutch is only suitable for medium-speed and ⁇ -frequency applications. The highest frequency is not more than 150 times/min. In addition, the wedge groove processing is complicated and the process is poor. Request to make The high hardness and high wear resistance of the material also requires the core of the roller to have toughness and can withstand the ⁇ r load to avoid chipping. Therefore, the production cost is high.
  • the structural phase 4 of the wedge type one-way overrunning clutch and the roller chute type one-way overrunning clutch is also composed of an outer ring, an inner ring and a roller between the outer ring and the inner ring.
  • the shape of the wedge is similar to a parallelogram.
  • the diagonal direction of the parallelogram is slightly larger than the S large distance between the inner and outer rings, and the other diagonal direction is slightly smaller than the inner and outer ring branches 1.
  • a ⁇ 5 radial contact one-way clutch - a link type one-way overrunning clutch has appeared.
  • China National Intellectual Property discloses a "chain-ring single- and double-way overrunning clutch", which is composed of a jacket, an inner core, a control key and a link.
  • the link is placed between the outer sleeve and the inner core, and is composed of a chain head, a plurality of links and a chain tail which are connected in sequence; one end of the control key is simultaneously inserted into the rectangular d-hole of the chain end and the end of the chain, so that the chain is chained.
  • the tail is overlapped, and the other end is inserted into the trapezoidal groove of the outer casing. Adjustments are provided at the hooks between the links.
  • a pretensioning spring is fixed on the outer sleeve, and the other end of the pretensioning spring is fixed to the link. Toggle the control button through the jacket to make the chain ring tightly hug the inner core to achieve self-locking.
  • the clutch has surface contact, the reverse swaying force is small and it is not easy to wear.
  • the joint effect of the link and the inner core is susceptible to the rotation speed of the clutch. For example, when the clutch is running at a high speed, the link is too large due to centrifugal force. With the inner core loosened, the one-way clutch is not suitable for high-speed transmission, and cannot be applied to applications where high-speed operation is required, such as a steam transmission.
  • the technical problem of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide an improved face horned type one-way clutch, which is not only responsive, high in reliability, but also capable of effectively transmitting large power and high torque.
  • Power 'Therefore, it can be used in high-speed, high-frequency, heavy-duty and other harsh conditions.
  • the engaging elements are smoothly engaged during locking, and no impact is generated.
  • the joint elements have good wear resistance and long service life.
  • the application of the clutch to components or products such as automotive transmissions can also extend the life of the entire component or product.
  • An improved surface contact type one-way clutch includes an active portion and a driven portion, the active portion being driven to rotate by an input torque, the active portion and the driven portion being axially disposed, and both The rotation axis coincides; the active portion includes at least one active piece, and the driven portion includes at least one driven piece, and the engaging surface of the active piece and the driven piece are closely attached when locked. And the moment is transmitted by the friction between each other.
  • the active or active portion has a helically clamped configuration.
  • the clutch includes a clutch drum and first and second clutch discs parallel to each other in the clutch drum, and at least one drum friction plate 3; at least one spring;
  • the clutch disc clamps the friction plate under the action of the spring,
  • the drum friction plate is sleeved on the sleeve and coupled to the clutch drum in a torqueable manner;
  • the sleeve has an internal thread, a transmission shaft extends into the sleeve, and the extension end is formed There is an external thread that is engaged with the internal thread.
  • a plurality of the drum friction plates are disposed, and a disk friction plate is sandwiched between each adjacent two drum friction plates; the disk friction plate is sleeved on the sleeve and is They can be coupled together in a torque transfer manner.
  • the clutch drum, the first and second clutch discs, the drum friction plate, the sleeve and the rotating shaft of the disk friction plate are coincident; the drum friction plate and the clutch drum are coupled by a spline, and the disk friction The sheet and the sleeve are also coupled by a spline.
  • the end of the clutch drum is formed with an outwardly extending hollow shaft at the middle of the other end; the first clutch disc is fixed to the transmission shaft and is mounted to the opening of the clutch drum by means of a first elastic snap ring The second clutch disc is integrally formed with the sleeve and is mounted on the transmission shaft by a second elastic snap ring.
  • the clutch drum is provided with only one magazine, and the spring is a sheet-shaped compression spring sleeved on the transmission shaft, and is disposed between the second elastic ring and the second clutch disc.
  • the projecting end of the transmission shaft is supported by the bearing in the hollow shaft.
  • the active and driven blades are compressed by means of a four-bar linkage.
  • the clutch includes a housing composed of a clutch disc and a clutch cover that are respectively covered with each other, and the housing is provided with a clutch, a plurality of hub friction plates, and at least one set of disc friction plates. And at least one set of four-link pressing mechanism; a middle portion of the clutch cover is formed with a through hole, one end of the clutch hub is exposed from the through hole; the hub friction plate is annular, and the sleeve is placed The clutch hub and the torque transferable therewith: grounded together; the disk friction plate and the four-link pressing mechanism have the same number of sets, each set of the disk friction plate comprises a plurality of partial annular rings a friction plate disposed opposite to the hub friction plate; each of the four-link pressing mechanisms has a cross bar, and each set of the disk friction plates has a through hole at the same position of each of the disk friction plates, the cross bar is worn Passing through the through hole; the four-link pressing mechanism each of the disk friction plate and the hub friction plate to the friction surface of the clutch
  • each of the four-link pressing mechanisms includes two supporting arms parallel to each other and the cross bar connecting the two supporting walls; one end of the two supporting arms respectively a coupling pin is hinged to the housing, and the other end is hinged with a coupling block by a coupling pin, and two ends of the crossbar are respectively fixed on the two connecting blocks; the crossbar has a spring at one end thereof, One end is provided with a pressing block, and the pressing block is hinged to the coupling pin.
  • the hub friction plate and the clutch hub are coupled to each other by a spline; a center of the clutch disc is mounted with a transmission shaft, one end of the transmission shaft extends outward, and the other end is supported by the clutch hub by bearings Inside the center hole.
  • the casing is provided with three four-bar linkage pressing mechanisms, and three sets of the disk friction plates are correspondingly disposed in the casing, and three sets of four-bar linkage devices and the disk friction plates are circumferentially Evenly distributed.
  • the prior art has the following points: Since the main cloud force portion and the driven portion are axially arranged, 'through the friction between the main and follower pieces The torque is transmitted, not only the joint position between the main and follower is not limited, the joint is stable, the impact is first, ⁇ ⁇ noise and responsive, high reliability, 'can effectively transmit: ⁇ big twist ⁇ and large torque
  • the power can meet the needs of high-speed, high-frequency, heavy-duty and other harsh working conditions; in addition, the wear resistance of the composite components is good, and the life of the car is long.
  • the one-way clutch is mounted on a component or product such as a vehicle transmission, which also improves the operational reliability of the product or component and prolongs its service life.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of an improved surface contact type one-way clutch provided in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 1B is an exploded perspective view of the single-question clutch of Figure 1A;
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are structural views showing a specific application of the one-way clutch shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, which is installed at the rear of an eccentric torque-changing mechanism, and together with the torque-changing mechanism constitutes an automobile transmission.
  • Figure 1D is the working principle and force analysis of the one-way clutch shown in Figures 1A and IB;
  • 2A is a perspective, cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of an improved face-contact one-way clutch provided in accordance with the present invention;
  • Figure 2B is an exploded perspective view of the one-way clutch of Figure 2A;
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are structural schematic views of a specific application of the one-way clutch shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, which is mounted on the rear of the eccentric torque-changing mechanism, and together with the torque-changing mechanism constitutes an automobile transmission device;
  • Figure 2D is a schematic view of the working principle and force analysis of the one-way clutch shown in Figures 2A and 2B.
  • an improved surface contact type one-way clutch provided in accordance with the present invention, comprising an active portion 1 and a driven portion 2, the torque being input from the left, the active portion, as shown 1 is on the left and the driven portion 2 is on the right, and the active portion 1 is driven to rotate by input torque.
  • the active portion 1 and the driven portion 2 are arranged in the axial direction, and the rotational axes of the two coincide.
  • the active portion 1 includes at least one active sheet 11, and the driven portion 2 includes at least one driven piece 21.
  • the active portion 1 and the driven portion 2 are opposite each other, and when the mounting direction of the dispenser is opposite to the illustrated direction, the active portion 1 and the movable portion 2 are interchanged.
  • the active split 1 or the secondary split 2 has a helically clamped configuration.
  • the drum friction plate 54 is sleeved on a sleeve 56, and
  • the clutch drum 51 is torque-coupled together; the sleeve 56 has an inner crepe, and a transmission shaft 57 extends into the sleeve 56, and its projecting end is formed with a mating outer thread. Thread.
  • a plurality of the drum friction plates 54 are provided, and a disk friction plate 5S is sandwiched between each adjacent two drum friction plates 54;
  • the disk friction plate 58 is sleeved on the sleeve 56 and coupled to it in a torque-free manner.
  • the "offer drum 51 and the drum friction plate 54 are the active portion 1
  • the second clutch discs 52, 53 and the transmission shaft 57 are the driven portions 2
  • the drum friction plates 54 and the disk friction plates 58 are engaging elements 11, 21 respectively corresponding to the main and driven portions.
  • the first and second clutch plates 52, 53 are aligned with the engaging member 21 of the driven portion 2, i.e., the disk friction plate, since the disk friction plate 58 is not required to be provided.
  • the rotation axes of the clutch drum 51, the first and second clutches 52:53, 3 ⁇ 4, the friction plate 54, the sleeve 56, and the disk friction plate 58 are coincident;
  • the drum friction plate 4 is coupled to the clutch drum 51 by a spline, and the disk friction plate 58 and the sleeve 56 are also spline-coupled.
  • Huade connection not only ensures that the input choke can be 'effectively' and is easy to process, reducing the cost of sitting.
  • One end of the universal drum 51 is open (the right side of the figure), and the other end is formed with an outwardly extending hollow shaft 511.
  • the end bearing 50 of the transmission shaft 5 is supported by the hollow shaft 511. Therefore, it is convenient to ensure that the transmission shaft 5 is mounted ⁇ , and that the transmission shaft 57 coincides with the axis of the disc drum 51.
  • the bearing 50 is a needle bearing, thereby facilitating the accuracy of the positioning of the transmission by 57.
  • the first release disc 52 is fixed to the transmission shaft 57, and is mounted in the open end of the clutch drum 51 by means of a first elastic snap ring 59A;
  • the sleeve 56 is integrally formed with the yoke 53 and is attached to the transfer 57 by means of a second elastic snap ring 59.
  • the clutch drum is a single spring 55, and the spring 55 is a set of sheet springs on the transmission shaft 57.
  • the second elastic snap ring 59B is between the second clutch disc 53 and the second clutch disc 53. Using a sheet spring The preload force can be effectively applied, and the axial dimension is small, thereby reducing the amount of the bomb charge 55 in the clutch drum 51, thereby reducing the entire body of the one-way clutch.
  • Fig. 1C as a specific application of the one-way clutch described above, it is mounted to the rear of an eccentric torque-changing mechanism 3, which constitutes a transmission for a vehicle shifting.
  • the torque is input from the left end, and the driving gear 31 of the eccentric torque changing mechanism 3 is driven to rotate from the force gear 32, and the driven gear 32 and the eccentric mass 33 are rotated.
  • the centrifugal force generated when the eccentric mass 33 rotates causes the output shaft 35 in the middle of the bracket 34 to output a torque outward.
  • the hollow shaft 51 1 of the clutch drum 51 and the output shaft 35 of the torque converter mechanism 3 are coupled by a key during use, and the transmission shaft 57 and the outer side are also coupled by a key.
  • the working principle and process of the surface contact type one-way clutch are as follows: ⁇ When the output shaft 35 of the household office rotates in the L1 direction of the figure (the locking direction of the clutch), the load is now The resistance direction is the opposite direction of L1, and the output shaft 35 drives the clutch drums 51 and 3b to rotate in the L1 direction; due to the preload force of the compression spring 55, the drum friction plate 4 disc friction plate 5 ⁇ There is friction, the drum friction plate 54 relies on friction to drive the disk friction plate 58 to also rotate in the direction of 3 ⁇ 4, and the disk friction plate 58 is rotated by the spline to rotate the sleeve in the L1 direction.
  • the sleeve 56 and the second clutch disc 53 are moved to the right along the transmission shaft 57 to further press the drum friction plate 54 and the disk friction. Slice 58.
  • the one-way clutch is in the locked state, and the transmission shaft 57 is also actuated in the L1 direction.
  • the provision of the plurality of drum friction plates 54 and the disk friction plates 58 can effectively increase the coefficient of friction. In the case where the drum friction plate 54 and the disk friction plate 58 are predetermined, by properly designing the helix angle (the size of 3, that is, the input torque can be ensured in the L1 direction, the self-locking between the main and driven portions 1, 2 can be realized.
  • the clutch when the input torque is in the L2 direction opposite to L1, the clutch is in the overrun state and does not function as a transmission torque.
  • the transmission shaft 57 and the sleeve 56 are provided with a left-handed thread, the lock is locked.
  • the direction of the stop is opposite to the above.
  • I ll D is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the helically clamped one-way clutch shown in Fig. 1A.
  • the basic principle of the helical clamping is the same as the basic principle of the inclined clamping.
  • the thread is equivalent to a right triangle.
  • a right-angled side is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the cylinder, and the oblique side is wound around the cylindrical surface I ⁇ .)
  • the inclination angle ⁇ of the oblique side is the helix angle of the thread; the helically clamped one-way clutch
  • Figure ID (b) The principle of the operation is shown in Figure ID (b).
  • the fit of the wedge to the ramp is equivalent to the fit between the internal thread of the sleeve 56 and the external thread of the transmission shaft 57.
  • the wedge corresponds to the second clutch.
  • the combination of the disc 53 and the sleeve 56, the inclined surface and the portion connected thereto are equivalent to the combination of the transmission shaft 57 and the first clutch disc 52; as shown in the ID (c), the one-way clutch locks the wedge.
  • the force of the block is small, i D id ) is small, the force diagram of the wedge when the one-way clutch is unlocked, f is the friction between the drum friction plate 54 and the disk friction plate 58, f ' is the thread pair
  • the motor force n is the number of drum friction plates 54
  • N is the positive pressure between the drum friction plate 54 and the second clutch disk 53
  • S is the positive pressure between the screw mating surfaces.
  • the active sheet 11 and the moving body are pressed by the four-bar linkage mechanism, and the hub friction plate 65 is equivalent to the active sheet 11, and the disk friction plate is
  • the specific structure of the driven piece is: a clutch disc 61 including a cymbal cover and a clutch cover 6 g : a housing 60 as shown in the drawing; 'The preferred embodiment given by the present invention ;
  • the clutch clutch 62 is coupled by bolts.
  • the housing ft is provided with a clutch hub 63, a plurality of friction plates 65, at least one set of disk friction plates 64 and at least one set of four-link pressing mechanisms 66.
  • the clutch hub 63 is located at the center of the housing 60, and a portion of the clutch cover 62 is formed with a through hole 622 from which one end (the right end in the drawing) passes. ? L 622 is exposed so as to be coupled to an external input shaft or an output shaft.
  • the hub friction plate 65 is annular and sleeved over the clutch hub 63 and torqueably coupled thereto. In the preferred embodiment shown, the clutch valley 63 and hub The friction plates 65 are coupled together by splines.
  • a transmission shaft 612 is mounted at the center of the clutch disc 61.
  • One end of the transmission shaft 612 extends outwardly to be coupled to an external input or output shaft; the other end is supported by a center hole of the clutch hub 63 via a bearing 67. Inside, the bearing 67 is a needle bearing. Thus, the transmission shaft 612 is not only radially accurate but also flexible in rotation.
  • the disc friction plate 64 and the four-link pressing mechanism 66 have the same number of sleeves, as shown in FIG. 2A, 2 ⁇ '
  • each of the disk friction plates 64 includes a plurality of partially annular friction plates disposed between the hub friction plates 65; each of the four-link pressing mechanisms 66. Having a cross 661, the same position of each of the disc friction plates 64 has a through hole 641 through which the cross bar 661 passes; the four-link pressing mechanism 6 ⁇ will rub the disc The 64 and valley friction plates 65 are pressed against the friction surface of the clutch disc 61. Referring to FIG.
  • each of the four-bar linkage mechanisms 66 has a body structure including: two support arms 662, 663 parallel to each other and the cross bar 661 connecting the two arms 3662, 663; the two support arms 662, 663 are equal in length, and one end thereof is hinged to the housing 60 by a coupling pin 664, respectively, and the support arms 662, 663 are hinged to the clutch disc 61 and the clutch, respectively.
  • the other end portion iJ is hinged with a connecting block 665, 668 by a connecting pin 665, 666, and two ends of the cross bar 661 are respectively fixed to the two connecting blocks 667, 668.
  • the housing 60, the two support arms 662, 663: the crossbar 66 ⁇ constitutes a parallel four-bar linkage.
  • the end of the yoke 661 is sleeved with a spring 660, and the other end is provided with: 3 ⁇ 4 669, the clamp 669 is hinged to the coupling pin 66'3 ⁇ 4ifc?
  • the spring 660 is a compression spring, and the pressure 660 and the block 669 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4
  • the pre-tightening force of the hub friction plate 65 and the hub friction plate 65 are such that the disk friction plates 64 and the hub blade 65 are attached to each other.
  • each of the disk friction plates 64 is further provided with two through holes 642, and two cylindrical pins 68 and 69 pass through the two through holes 642 and 643 respectively.
  • the disc friction plates are connected in series; the clutch disc 61 and the clutch cover 62 are correspondingly formed with two K slots 61 1 and 621 extending in the circumferential direction; both ends of the cylindrical pins 68, 69 are inserted into the long slots 611 , 621, : .
  • Each set of the disc friction plates 64 is rotatably mounted on the clutch cover 61 and the clutch disc 62 by the two cylindrical shafts 68, 69.
  • the two cylindrical pins 68, 69 are generated when the disc friction plates 64 are rotated. Centrifugal force.
  • the cabinet 2C as a specific one of the above-described one-way clutches, it is mounted at the rear of an eccentric torque-changing mechanism 3, which constitutes a transmission for the automobile shifting.
  • an eccentric torque-changing mechanism 3 which constitutes a transmission for the automobile shifting.
  • the left end of the torque mountain is input, and the driving gear 31 of the eccentric torque changing mechanism 3 drives the driven gear 32 to rotate, and the driven gear 32 and the eccentric mass 33 rotate together.
  • the centrifugal force generated when the eccentric mass 33 rotates causes the output shaft 35 in the middle of the bracket 34 to output a torque outward.
  • the clutch hub 63 is coupled to the output shaft 35 of the torque converter mechanism 3 during use, and the transmission shaft 612 is also coupled to the outside by a key.
  • 2A, 2B shows the operation and principle of the four-bar linkage type one-way clutch as follows:
  • the clutch valley 63 and the hub friction plate 65 are active ⁇ 1;
  • the disc friction plate 64 and the housing 60 and the transmission shaft 612 are the moving portions 2.
  • the clutch hub 63 rotates in the L1 direction
  • the clutch hub 63 rotates the hub friction plate 65 in the Lr direction by the spline
  • the hub friction plate 65 drives the friction plate 64 to the L1 direction by friction.
  • the hub friction plate 65 rotates the housing 60 in the L1 direction by the parallel four-bar linkage 66.
  • the support arm 663 and the pressing block 669 further press the hub friction plate 65 and the disk friction plate 64, thereby The self-locking is realized; the transmission shaft 612 also rotates in the L1 direction to output a torque outward.
  • the clutch hub .63 rotates in the opposite direction
  • the hub friction plate 65 rotates along 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4, at which time the parallel four-bar linkage chair 66. is automatically unlocked, and the pressing block 9 is facing the hub.
  • the pressure of the friction plate 65 is reduced.
  • the active portion 1 and the driven portion 2 are relatively rotatable, and the clutch is in a state of exceeding the state.
  • the friction coefficient between the disk friction plate 64 and the hub friction plate 65 is parallel.
  • n is the number of disc friction plates or the hub friction plates 65
  • condition of the one-way clutch self-locking is:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)

Description

改进的面接触式单向离合器
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种单方向传递扭矩的单向超越离合器, 尤实涉及一种 应用于卨速、 高频等场合、 能传递大力矩的面接触式单向离合器。
背景技术:
现有技术中, 单向超越离合器具有多种结构型式, 包括棘轮式、 滚 柱斜槽式、 楔块式和链环式等, 但这些结构的单向离合器皆存在着诸多 不足:
棘轮式单向超越离合器主要由外轮、 棘轮、 棘爪和叶片弹簧组成。 外轮相对于棘轮向一个方向旋转时, 棘爪卡住棘轮, 外轮与棘轮连为 一体并同步旋转, 离合器处于锁止状态; 当外轮相对于棘轮向另一个方 向旋转时, 棘爪与棘轮之间产生相对滑动, 外轮成为自由轮, 离合器处 于自由状态。 这禾中离合器的棘轮与棘爪的接合位置受限制 (棘轮相对外 轮每次至少转动- 个棘齿的角度, 才能保证棘爪与棘轮相配合) 、 接合 时产生较大冲击禾 P噪声, 反应不够灵敏, '只适用于低速、 低频传动。 如 国家知识产权局 2003年 12月 24日授权公 的 CN2594533号中国实用新型 专利, 就公开了一种棘轮式单向离合器, 该离合器就存在上返缺点。
滚柱斜槽式单向超越离合器由外环、 内环、 滚柱、 滚柱复位弹簧等 组成。 在外环内表面或内环外表面成形有容纳滚柱的楔形槽, 楔形槽内 装有滚柱及其复位弹簧, 弹簧的弹力将各滚柱推向楔形槽较窄的一端。 ^外环相对于内环向一个方向转动时, 在幵始转动的一瞬间, 滚柱便在 摩擦力和弹簧力的作用下被卡死在楔形槽较窄的一端, 于是内外环互相 连成一体, 不能才目对转动, 此时单向超越离合器处于锁止状态; 当外环 相对于内环向另一个方向转动时, 滚柱在摩擦力的作用下, 克服弹簧的 弹力, 滚向楔形 曹较宽的一端, 出现打滑现象, 外环相对于 F¾环可自由 滑转, 此时单向超越离合器脱离锁止而处于自由状态。 由于滚柱与内、 外环始终处于线接触状态, 因而这种离合器仅适用于中速、 ί氏频的场合, 最高频亨.不超过 150次 /分; 另外楔形槽加工较复杂, 工艺性差, 要求使 川高硬度和高耐磨' 的材料, 另外还要求滚柱的心部具有韧性, 能够承 受冲 ±r载荷以避免碎裂。 因而生产成本高。
楔块式单向超越离合器和滚柱斜槽式单向超越离合器的结构相 4 , 也由外环、 内环和位于外环和内环之间滚子等组成。 与滚柱斜槽式离合 器不同的 : 其外环和内环上皆没有楔形槽, 其滚子是特殊形状的楔教。 楔块的形状类似于平行四边形, 平行四边形的一条对角线方向的尺 略 大于内外环之间的 S巨离, 另一条对角线方向的尺寸略小于内外环支 1 的 距离。 当外环相当内环向一个方向转动时, 楔块在摩擦力的作用下竖: ¾, fel自锁作用而被卡死在内外环之间, 内外环无法相对滑转, 此时离 器 处于锁止状态; 当夕卜环相当于内环向另一个方向转动时, 楔块在摩擦力 的作用下倾倒, 脱离锁止状态, 内环与外环可以相对滑动, 此时离合器 处于自由状态。 由于楔块与内外环皆为点接触, 因而不仅楔块易于磨 员, 反应不灵敏, 而且无法应用于高速、 高频、 重载的场合, 另外楔块力口工 工艺较复杂, 工艺性差, 生产成本高。 , . . , . . 楔块式单向离合器的具体应用参见 US6Q62096号美国发明专利, 专 利公幵了一种利用摇臂的来回摆动来传递扭矩的无级变速装置, 其摇臂 的端部设有偏心块, 输入端驱动偏心块绕其自身轴线旋转, 偏心块旋转 时产生的离心力带动摇臂来回摆动, 摆动时摇臂的中部向外输出力矢巨。 为了保证输出轴单方向输出力矩, 需要在与摇臂直接相连的套筒上 i殳置 两个锁止方向相反 β勺单向离合器, 并另设有一套换向齿轮, 因而输 扭 矩是通过两个单向离合器交替地输出。 由于该两离合器就是上述点接 虫、 径向锁紧的楔块式离合器, 不仅由于楔块受到旋转离心力的影响, 反应 不够灵敏; 而且解 时需要较大力矩, 消耗较多能量, 因而降低了变速 器的传动效率; 另^ 这种离合器不能传递大扭矩, 耐磨性差, 使用寿命 fe, 因此也相应地限制 /变速装置的适用范围, 缩短了整个变速装置的 使用寿命。
为了克服上述径向点 (或线)接触式离合器的不足, 出现了一^ I5径 向面接触 单向离合器——链环式单向超越离合器。 中国国家知识产权 局 1999年 i j 27 H公幵的 CN1206077号发明专利申请公幵说明书, 公开了 一种 "链环式单、 双向超越离合器" , 该离合器由外套、 内芯、 控制键 和链环组成。 链环置于外套和内芯之间, 由依次连接的链首、 多个链节 及链尾组成; 控制键的一端同时插入链首与链尾端部的长方形 dl孔中, 使得链宵 链尾搭接, 另 ·端插入外套的梯形槽中。 链节之间互相钩接 处设置有调整肖。 外套上固定有预紧弹簧, 预紧弹簧的另一端与链环相 固定。 通过外套拨动控制键使得链环紧紧抱住内芯实现自锁。 该离合器 尽管接合元件为面接触, 反向幵启力小, 不易磨损; 但链环与 内芯的接 合效¾易受离合器旋转速度的影响, 例如离合器高速运转时, 链环由于 离心力过大而与内芯松开, 因而这种单向离合器不适合于高速传动, 无 法应用到如汽羊变速器等要求必须高速运转的场合。
发明内容:
本发明要角 决的技术问题是克服上述现有技术的诸多不足, 提供一 种改进的面接角虫式单向离合器, 其不仅反应灵敏, 可靠性高, 能够有效 地传递大功 ί及大扭矩的动力,' 因此完全能应用于高速、 高频、 .重载等 恶劣工况的场合; 而且锁止时接合元件接合平稳, 不会产生冲击, 另外 接合元件的耐磨性好, 使用寿命长。 因而将该离合器应用到如汽车变速 器等部件或产品上, 相应也能延长整个部件或产品的使用寿命。
按照本发明提供的改进的面接触式单向离合器, 包括主动部分和从 动部分, 所述主动部分由输入扭矩驱动旋转, 所述主动部分和所述从动 部分沿轴向布置, 且二者的旋转轴线相重合; 所述主动部分 括至少一 主动片, 所述从动部分包括至少一从动片, 锁止时所述主动片和所述从 动片的接合面紧密贴合在一起, 并通过相互之间的摩擦力传递 矩。
在本发明给出 种优选实施方案中, 所述主动部分或 I动部分具 有螺旋夹紧的 吉构。
在上述优选实施方案中, 所述离合器包括一离合器鼓和 it于所述离 合器鼓内相互平行的第一、 第二离合器盘、 至少一鼓摩擦片 3至少一弹 簧; 所述第一、 第二离合器盘在所述弹簧的作用下夹紧所述 摩擦片, 所述鼓摩擦片套于 套筒上, 并与所述离合器鼓可传递扯矩地联接在一 起; 所述套筒具有内螺纹, 一传输轴伸入所述套筒内, 其伸入端成形有 与所述内螺纹酉合的外螺紋。
作为对上述方案的迸一步改进, 共设有多片所述鼓摩擦片, 每相邻 的两鼓摩擦片之间夹有一盘摩擦片; 所述盘摩擦片套于 i 述套筒上并与 之可传递扭矩地联接在一起。 所述离合器鼓、 第一、 第二离合器盘、 鼓 摩擦片、 套筒禾口所述盘摩擦片的旋转轴线重合; 所述鼓摩擦片与所述离 合器鼓通过花键联接, 所述盘摩擦片和所述套筒也通过花键联接。 所述 离合器鼓的 端幵口, 另一端中部成形有向外延伸的空心轴; 所述第一 离合器盘固定于所述传输轴上, 并借助第一弹性卡环安装于所述离合器 鼓的开口端; 所述第二离合器盘与所述套筒一体成形, 借助第二弹性 卡环安装于所述传输轴上。 所述离合器鼓内仅设有一弹黉, 所述弹簧为 套于所 传输轴上的片状压簧, 其设于所述第二弹性 环与所述第二 离合器盘之:间。 所迷传输轴的伸入端借助轴承支撑于,所述.空心轴内。
在本 ^明::给出的另—种优选实施方案中, 所述主动片和从动片借助 四连杆机构压紧。
在上述优逸实施方案中, 所述离合器包括由相互盖合在一起的离合 器盘和离合器盖组成的壳体, 所述壳体内设有一离合器設、 多片毂摩擦 片、 至少一套盘摩擦片和至少一套四连杆压紧机构; 所 离合器盖的中 部成形有一通孔, 所述离合器毂的一端从所述通孔中露 tb ; 所述毂摩擦 片为圆环状,.其套置于所述离合器毂上并与之可传递扭矩:地联接在一起; 所述盘摩擦片和所述四连杆压紧机构具有相同的套数, 每套所述盘摩擦 片包括多片部分圆环状的摩擦片, 其与所述毂摩擦片相闳布置; 每套所 述四连杆压紧机构具有一横杆, 每套所述盘摩擦片各片的相同位置具有 一通孔, 所述横杆穿过所述通孔; 所述四连杆压紧机构每所述盘摩擦片 和毂摩擦片 £向所述离合器盘的摩擦面。
在上述 it选实施方案中, 每套所述四连杆压紧机构包括相互平行的 两支撑臂和连接两支撑壁的所述横杆; 所述两支撑臂的一端分别借助一 联接销铰接于所述壳体上, 另一端分别借助一联接销铰接有一 3¾接块, 所述横杆的两端分别固定于所述两连接块上; 所述横杆的一端 有一弹 簧, 另一端设有一压块, 所述压块铰接于所述联接销上。 每套 万述盘摩 擦片 I·.还设 '两通孔, 两圆柱销分别穿过所述两通孔, 从而将 片摩擦 片串联在 起; 所述离 器盘和离合器盖上对应地成形有沿圆 方向延 伸的两长槽; 所述圆柱肖的两端插入所述长槽内, 二者设有相: 1:配合的 两平行平面。 所述毂摩擦片与所述离合器毂通过花键联接在一宠; 所述 离合器盘的中心安装有一传输轴, 所述传输轴的一端向外伸出, 另一端 借助轴承支撑于所述离合器毂的中心孔内。 所述壳体上设有三 所述四 连杆压紧机构, 所述壳体内对应地设有三套所述盘摩擦片, 所; ¾三套四 连杆压装置与所述盘摩擦片沿圆周方向均匀分布。
按照本发明提供的改迸的面接触式单向离合器, 相对现有技术具有 如下诸多 点: 由于主云力部分和从动部分轴向布置,' 且通过主、 从动片 之间的摩擦力传递力矩,. .不仅主、 从动片之间的接合位置不受.限制, 接 合平稳, 先冲击、 · ·噪声 且反应灵敏, 可靠性高,'能有效传: ϋ大扭^ 及大力矩的动力, 能满足高速、 高频、 重载等恶劣工况的需要; 另外揆 合元件的耐磨性好, 使厢寿命长。 将该单向离合器安装于汽车变速器等 部件或产品上, 也提高 r该产品或部件的工作可靠性, 延长了其使用寿 命长。
. 附图说明:
下面结合附图给出的优选实施例, 对本发明的特征和优点作进一步 的详细说明。 其中:
图 1 Α为按照本发明提供的改进的面接触式单向离合器的一种优选实 施例的立体剖视图;
图 1B为图 1A所示单问离合器的立体分解图;
图 1C为图 1A、 IB所示单向离合器一种具体应用的结构示 图, 其安 装于一偏心变矩机构的后部, 与变矩机构一起组成汽车传动装
图 1D 为图 1A、 IB所示单向离合器的工作原理及受力分析^意图; 图 2A为按照本发明提供的改进的面接触式单向离合器的另一种优选 实施例的立体剖视图;
图 2B为图 2A所示单向离合器的立体分解图;
图 2C为图 2A、 2B所示单向离合器一种具体应用的结构示意图, 其安 装于 -偏心变矩机构的后部, 与变矩机构一起组成汽车传动装置;
图 2D为图 2A、 2B所示单向离合器的工作原理及受力分析示意图。
具体实施方式. - 参见 I l l A , 按照本发明提供的改进的面接触式单向离合器, 包括主 动部分 1和从动部分 2, 按图中所示位置, 力矩由左边输入, 所述主动部 分 1位于左边,从动部分 2位于右边,所述主动部分 1由输入扭矩驱动旋转。 如图中所示, 所述主动部分 1和从动部分 2沿轴向布置, 且二者的旋转轴 线相重合。 所述主动部分 1包括至少一主动片 11,: 所述从动部分 2包括至 少一从动片 21。 当主动部分 1沿图示 L1方向旋转时, 此时该离合器锁止, 主动片' 和从动片 1沿轴向进一步压紧, 其接合面.紧密接触并通过相互 之间的摩擦力传递力矩 当主动部分 1沿与 L1相反的.方向旋转时, 离 器 , 说离锁止, 此时所述主动片 11和所述从动片 21之间的轴向压力自动减 . 二者可相对辛动, 该离合 不起传递力矩的作用。与现有技术中的点. (或 接触式径向离合器相比, 不仅传动效率高, 可靠性好, 能满足汽车 ί亍驶时高速、 高频运转工况的需要, 而且耐磨性好, 使用寿命长。 其主、 ^动部分的具体结构详见下述。
需要说明的是, 所述主动部分 1和从动部分 2是相对而言的, 当该离 ^器的安装方向与图示方向相反时, 主动部分 1和人动部分 2互换。
在本发明给出的一种优选实施例中, 如图 1A、 IB中所示, 所述主动 分 1或从 部分 2具有螺旋夹紧的结构。 其具体结构为: 包括一离合器 ¾51和设于所述离合器鼓 51内相互平行的第一、 第二离合器盘 52、 53、 少一鼓摩獰片 54和至少一弹簧 55; 所述弹簧 55能对第一、 第二离合器 ¾52 , 53施加预紧力, 所述第一、 第二离合器盘 52、 53在所述弹簧 55的 !=-用下夹紧所述鼓摩檫片 54, 所述鼓摩擦片 54套于一套筒 56上, 并与所 述离合器鼓 51町传递扭矩地联接在一起; 所述套筒 56具有内蟆紋, 一传 输轴 57伸入所述套筒 56内, 其伸入端成形有与所述内螺紋配合白勺外螺紋。
如图 1A、 IB中所示, 在本发明给 ¾的优选实施例中, 共 i 有多片所 述鼓摩擦片 54, 每相邻的两鼓摩擦片 54之间夹有一盘摩擦片 5S ; 所述盘 摩擦片 58套于所述套筒 56上并与之可^ f专递扭矩地联接在一起。 按图示方 向, 当力矩从左向右传输时, 所述离"^器鼓 51和鼓摩擦片 54为所述主动 部分 1 , 所述盘摩檫片 58、 套筒 56、 第一、 第二离合器盘 52、 53及传输轴 57为所述从动部分 2, 鼓摩擦片 54和盘摩擦片 58为分别相当于主、 从动部 分的接合元件 11、 21。 当采用一片所: ¾鼓摩擦片 54时, 所述第一、 第二 ¾合器盘 52、 53就相¾于所述从动部分 2的接合元件 21, 即盘摩擦片, 因 ΐϋ无须另设盘摩擦片 58。
如图 1A、 IB中所示, 所述离合器鼓 51、 第一、 第二离合器^ :52、 53、 ¾摩擦片 54、 套筒 56和所述盘摩擦片 58的旋转轴线重合;.所达鼓摩擦片 ;4与''所述离合器鼓 51通过花键联接, 所述盘摩擦片 58和所述套筒 56也通 花键联接。'采用花德联接不仅能保证输入的扭竭能有'效地被 '而 加工方便, 降低了 '坐 成本。 所述萬合器鼓 51的一端开口 '(图' 的右 耑) , 另一端中部成形有向外延伸的空心轴 511, 所述传输轴 5Γ的伸入端 轴承 50支撑于所述空心轴 511内, 因而既便于所述传输轴 5Γ的安装定 ≥, 又能保证所述传输轴 57与所述离 ^器鼓 51的轴线重合。 在本发明给 勺优选实施例中, 所述轴承 50为滚针轴承, 因而有利于保证所述传输 由 57定位的准确。
如图 1A、 IB中所示, 所述第一离 器盘 52固定于所述传输轴 57上, ΐ借助第一弹性卡环 59A安装于所述离合器鼓 51的开口端内; 戶 述第二离 著§盘 53与所述套筒 56—体成形, 并借助第二弹性卡环 59Β安装于所述传 $由 57上。 如图中所示, 在本发明给出的优选实施例中, 所述离合器鼓 ]仪 Yj '单簧55, 所述弹簧 55为一套于所述传输轴 57上的片状压簧, 设 所述第二弹性卡环 59B与第二离合器盘 53之间。采用片 压簧不仅 能有效施加预紧力, 而且轴向尺寸小, 因而减小了弹費 55在所述离合器 鼓 51内 据的 间, 进而减小了整个单向离合器的体坪只。
参见图 1 C , 作为上述单向离合器的一种具体应用, 将其安装于一偏 心变矩机构 3的后部, 二者组成用于汽车变速的传动装置。 如图中所示, 力矩由左端输入, 偏心变矩机构 3的主动齿轮 31驱动从力齿轮 32旋转, 从 动齿轮 32和偏心质量块 33—起转动。 偏心质量块 33旋转时产生的离心力 使支架 34中部的输出轴 35向外输出力矩。 使用过程中所述离合器鼓 51的 空心轴 51 1与所述变矩机构 3的输出轴 35通过键联接, 所述传输轴 57与外 界也通过键联接。
参见图 1 A、 IB和 1D, 这种面接触式单向离合器的工作原理及过程如 下: ^戶厅述输出轴 35沿图中 L1方向 (该离合器的锁止方向) 转动时, 此 时负载的阻力方向为 L1相反方向, 所述输出轴 35带动所述离合器鼓 51及 ¾摩擦片 54沿 L1方向旋转; 由于所述压簧 55预紧力的作用, 所述鼓摩擦 片 4 盘摩擦片 5§存在摩擦力, 所述鼓摩擦片 54依靠摩擦力带动盘摩擦 片 58也沿 1方向 ¾转, 所迗盘摩擦片 58通过花键带动折述套筒 ^沿 L1方 向转动。 由于所述構 ¾轴57与套筒 56之间设有右旋螺纹, 因此 述套筒 56和第二离合器盘 53沿传输轴 57向右移动, 进一步压紧所述鼓摩擦片 54 和盘摩擦片 58。 此时该单向离合器处于锁止状态, 所述传输轴 57也将沿 L1方向 $专动。 设置多片鼓摩擦片 54及盘摩擦片 58能有效增大摩擦系数。 在鼓摩擦片 54和盘摩擦片 58既定的情况下, 通过合理设计螺旋角(3的大 小,.即能保证输入力矩沿 L1方向时, 主、 从动部分 1、 2之间能实现自锁。 反之, 当输入力矩为沿与 L1相反的 L2方向时, 离合器处于超越状态, 不 起传递力矩的作用。 当所述传输轴 57与所述套筒 56之间设有左旋螺紋时, 其锁止方向与上述相反。
I l l D为图 1A所示螺旋夹紧的单向离合器的工作原理示意图, 螺旋夹 紧的基本原理与斜面夹紧的基本原理相同, 如图 ID (a ) 所示, 螺纹即相 当于直角三角形的一条直角边与圆柱的回转轴线垂直, 斜边缠绕在圆柱 面 I·.形)戎的, 斜边的倾角 β即为螺纹的螺旋角; 螺旋夹紧的单向离合器 的丄作原理如图 I D ( b ) 所示, 楔块与斜面的配合即相当 f所述套筒 56的 内螺紋与所述传输轴 57的外螺纹间的配合, 楔块相当于第二离合器盘 53 与套筒 56的组合体, 斜面及与之连为一体的部分相当于传输轴 57与第一 离合器盘 52的组合体; 如图 ID ( c )所示为单向离合器锁 it时楔块的受力 小意阁, i D i d ) 所小'为单向离合器解锁时楔块的受力示意图, f为鼓 摩擦片 54与盘摩擦片 58间的摩擦力, f ' 为螺紋副间的摩 力, n为鼓摩 擦片 54的片数, N为鼓摩擦片 54与第二离合器盘 53间的正压力, S为螺紋 配合面间的正压力。 既要使得摩擦片产生自锁, 又能保证螺紋自动解锁, 应该满足如下条件:
\一 μμ \ + (2η - \)μμ 。 参见图 2Α、 2Β, 作为本发明的另一种优选实施例, 戶 述主动片 11和 动);·21借助四连杆机构压紧, 毂摩擦片 65相当于主动片 11, 盘摩擦片 当 从动片 其具体结构为: 包括 ώ相互盖合在一起的离合器盘 61和离合器'盖 6 g:成的壳体 60, 如图中所示; '本发明给出的优选实施例 ; 中, 所述离合器昼 ^离合器盖 62借助螺栓联接。 所述壳体^ ft设有一 离合器毂 63、 多片 ¾摩擦片 65、 至少一套盘摩擦片 64和至少一套四连杆 压紧机构 66。 如图中所示, 所述离合器毂 63位于所述壳体 60的中央, 所 述离合器盖 62的 部成形有一通孔 622, 所述离合器毂 63的一端(图中的 右端)从所述通? L中 622露出, 从而可与外界输入轴或输出轴联接。 所述 毂摩擦片 65为圆环状, 其套置于所述离合器毂 63上并与之可传递扭矩地 联接在一起, 在图中给出的优选实施例中, 所述离合器穀 63与毂摩擦片 65通过花键联接在一起。 所述离合器盘 61的中心安装有一传输轴 612, 所 述传输轴 612的一 έ 向外伸出, 与外界输入或输出轴相联; 另一端借助轴 承 67支撑于所述离合器毂 63的中心孔内, 所述轴承 67为滚针轴承。 因而 传输轴 612不仅径向定位准确, 而且转动灵活。
所述盘摩擦片 64和所述四连杆压紧机构 66具有相同的套数, 如图 2Α、 2Β ' | '所小, 在本发明给出的优选实施例中, 所述壳体 60上设有三套所述 四连杆压紧装置 66, 所述壳体 60内对应地设有三套所述盘摩擦片 64, 所 述三套四连杆压装置 66与所述盘摩擦片 64沿圆周方向均匀分布。
如图 2A、 2B中所示, 每套所述盘摩擦片 64包括多片部分圆环状的摩 擦片, 其与所述毂摩擦片 65相间布置; 每套所述四连杆压紧机构 66具有 横打 661, 套所述盘摩擦片 64各片的相同位置具有一通孔 641, 所述 横杆 661穿过所述通孔 641 ; 所述四连杆压紧机构 6δ将所述盘摩擦片 64和 穀摩擦片 65压向所述离合器盘 61的摩擦面。 参见图 2Β, 每套所述四连杆 紧机构 66的] ¾体结构为: 包括相互平行的两支撑臂 662、 663和连接两 支 ¾662、 663的所述横杆 661 ; 所述两支撑臂 662、 663的长度相等, 其 -一端分别借助一联接销 664铰接于所述壳体 60上, 口图中所示, 所述支撑 臂 662、 663分别铰接于所述离合器盘 61和所述离合器盖 62上; 另一端分 iJ借助一联接销 665、 666铰接有一连接块 667、 668, 所述横杆 661的两端 分别固定于,所述两连接块 667、 668上。 所述壳体 60、· 两支撑臂 662、 663 口:横杆 66ί构成 平行四连杆机构。 所述横衧 661的一端套有 弹簧 660, 另一端设有: ¾块 669, 所述压块 669铰接于所述联接销 66'¾ifc?
如图中所 ^所述弹簧 660为一压簧, 所述压費 660和所述 块 669ί ¾|J作用于每套盘摩擦片 64的两侧, 所述压簧 660产生压紧所述盘摩捧片 64 禾口所述毂摩擦片 65的预紧力, 使各盘摩擦片 64和毂庫擦片 65相互贴合在 一起。
如图 2A、 2B中所示, 每套所述盘摩擦片 64上还设有两通孔 642、 643, 两圆柱销 68、 69分别穿过所述两通孔 642、 643, 从面将各片摩擦片串联 在一起; 所述离合器盘 61和离合器盖 62上对应地成形沿着圆周方向延伸 的两 K槽 61 1、 621; 所述圆柱销 68、 69的两端插入所述长槽 611、 621内, : . 设有相 ¾配合的两平行平面。 每套所述盘摩擦片 64借助所述两圆柱 肖 68、 69可转动安装于所述离合器盖 61和离合器盘 62上, 所述两圆柱销 68、 69承受各盘摩擦片 64转动时所产生的离心力。
参见阁 2C, 作为上述单向离合器的一种具体应月, 将其安装于一偏 心变矩机构 3的后部, 二者组成用于汽车变速的传动装置。 如图中所示, 力矩山左端输入, 偏心变矩机构 3的主动齿轮 31驱动从动齿轮 32旋转, 从 动齿轮 32和偏心质量块 33—起转动。 偏心质量块 33旋转时产生的离心力 使支架 34中部的输出轴 35向外输出力矩。 使用过程中所述离合器毂 63与 所述变矩机构 3的输出轴 35通过键联接, 所述传输轴 612与外界也通过键 联接。
图 2A、 2B示出的四连杆机构压紧式的单向离合器的工作过程及原理 如下: 当力矩由所述离合器毂 63输入时, 离合器穀 63与毂摩擦片 65为主 动咅1;分】, 盘摩擦片 64和壳体 60以及传输轴 612为 动部分 2。 当输入力矩 驱 ¾离合器毂 63沿 L1方向转动时, 所述离合器毂 6 3通过花键带动毂摩擦 片 65沿 Lr方向旋转; 所述毂摩擦片 65通过摩擦力带动摩擦片 64也向 L1方 向车 动, 所述毂摩擦片 65通过平行四连杆机构 66带动壳体 60沿 L1方向旋 转, 此时所述支撑臂 663及压块 669进一步压紧毂摩擦片 65及盘摩擦片 64, 从而实现自锁; 所述传输轴 612也沿 L1方向旋转, 向外输出力矩。 反之, 当离合器毂.63沿相反方向旋转时, 所述毂摩擦片 65.沿¾¾旋转,:此时平 行四连杆机椅 66.自动处于解锁状态, 压块 9对癉摩擦片猶及毂摩擦片 65 的压力减小^疏述主动部分 1和从动部分 2可相对转动, 合器处于超 越^ I犬态;.设盘摩擦片 64与毂摩擦片 65间的摩擦系数^ ^平行,四连杆机构 的支撑臂 662、 663与单向离合器旋转轴线方向的夹角为", n为盘摩擦片 或者毂摩擦片 65的片数, 则此单向离合器自锁的条件为:
Figure imgf000013_0001
上述实施例仅供说明本发明之用, 本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离 本发明的精神和范围的情况下, 还可做出各种变 和变换, 因此所有等 同 A勺技术方案都属于本发明的保护范围。
I I

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种改进的面接触式单向离合器, 包括主动部分 (1) 和从动部 分 (2) , 所述主动部分 (1) 由输入扭矩驱动旋转, 其特征在于: 所述 ϊ·:动部分 (1) 和所述从动部分 (2)沿轴向布置, 且二者的旋转轴线相 重合; 所述主动部分 (1) 包括至少一主动片 (11) , 所述从动部分(2) 包括至少一从动片 (21) , 锁止时所述主动片(11) 和所述从动片 (21) 的接合面紧密!) 合在一起, 并通过相互之间的摩擦力传递力矩。
2、 根据权禾」要求 1所述的改进的面接触式单向离合器, 其特征在于: 所述主动部分 (1) 或从动部分 (2) 具有螺旋夹紧的结构。
3、 根据权禾 j要求 2所述的改进的面接触式单向离合器, 其特征在于: 包括一离合器鼓 (51) 和设于所述离合器鼓 (51) 内相互平行的第一、 第二离合器盘 (52、 53) 、 至少一鼓摩擦片 (54) 和至少一弹簧 (55) ;. 所述第一、,第二离合器盘 (52、 53)在所 弹 (55):; ^作用下来紧所 洚鼓摩擦 所述 ;鼓摩擦片 (54) ¾于":套筒^ 上, ^与^ 述离合器鼓 510;可传递扭矩地联接在一起; 所 套1% 5^:具有内螺 纹, 一传输轴 (57) 伸入所述套筒(56) 内, 其 ί申入 成形有与所述内 螺纹配合的外 !t零纹。
4、 根据权禾」要求 3所述的改进的面接触式单向离合器, 其特征在于: ¾设有多片所述鼓摩擦片 (54) , 每相邻的两鼓摩擦片 (54) 之间夹有 一盘摩擦片 (58) ; 所述盘摩擦片 (5.8) 套于所 套筒 (56) 上并与之 口传递扭矩地联接在一起。
5、 根据权 fi」要求 4所述的改进的面接触式单问离合器, 其特征在于: 沂述离合器鼓(51) 、第一、 第二离合器盘(52、 53)、鼓摩擦片(54)、 g筒 (56)和所述盘摩擦片 (58) 的旋转轴线重合; 所述鼓摩擦片 (54) 所述离合器 (51) 通过花键联接, 所述盘摩擦片 (58) 和所述套筒 (56) 也通过花键联接。 6、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的改进的面接触式单向离合器, 其特征在 ?: 所述离合器鼓 (51) 的一端开口, 另一端中部成形有向外延伸的空 心轴 (511) ; 所述第一离合器盘 (52) 固定于所述传输轴 (57) 上, 并 借助第 弹性 ^环 (59A) 安装于所述离 器鼓 (51) 的开口端; 所述第 二离合器盘(53)与所述套筒(56)—体成形,并借助第二弹性卡环(59B) 安装于所述传输轴 (57) 上。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的改进的面接触式单向离合器, 其特征在于: 所述离合器鼓 (51) 内仅设有一弹簧 (55) , 所述弹簧 (55) 为一套于 所述传输轴 (57) 上的片状压簧, 其设 所述第二弹性卡环 (59B) 与所 述第二离合器盘 (53) 之间。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的改进的面接触式单向离合器, 其特征在于: '所述传输轴(57)的伸入端借助轴承(50)支撑于所述空心轴(511) 内。
9、 :根据权利要求 1所述的改进的面.揆触式单向离合器, 其特征在于: 所述主 片 (ΐΐ)和从动片 (21) 借助四连杆,压紧 紧。
, 据权利要求 9所述的改进的面接 式单向 ^^ ^其 ^征在于: 包括由相 5¾合在一起的离合器盘 (61〉 和离合器 ,(6 举成的壳体 (60) , 所述壳体(60) 内设有一离合器载 (63)、 多片毂摩擦片(65)、 至少一套盘摩擦片 (64) 和至少一套四连杆压紧机构 (66) ; 所述离合 器盖 (62) 的中部成形有一通孔 (622) , 所述离合器毂 (63) 的一端从 所述通孔 (622) 中露出; 所述毂摩擦片 (65) 为圆环状, 其套置于所述 离合器毂 (63) 上并与之可传递扭矩地联接在一起; 所述盘摩擦片 (64) 和所述四连杆压紧机构 (66) 具有相同 0勺套数, 每套所述盘摩擦片 (64) 包括多片部分圆环状的摩擦片, 其与所述毂摩擦片 (65) 相间布置; 每 套所述四连杆压紧机构(66)具有一横杆 (661),每套所述盘摩擦片(64) 各片的相同位置具有一通孔(641 ),所述横杆(661 )穿过所述通孔(641 ); 所述四连杆压紧机构 (66) 将所述盘摩擦片 (64) 和毂摩擦片 (65) 压 向所述离合器盘 (61) 的摩擦面。 11、 根据权利要求 10所述的改 的面接触式单向离合器, 其特征在 于:每套所述四连杆压紧机构(66)包括相互平行的两支撑臂(662、 663 ) 和连接两支撑壁 (66.2、 663) 的所述横杆(661) ; 所述两支撑臂(662、 663) 的一端分别借助一联接销 (664) 铰接于所述壳体 (60) 上, 另一 端分别借助一联接销 (665、 666) 较接有一连接块 (667、 668) , 所逑 横杆 (661) 的两端分别固定于所述两连接块 (667、 668)上; 所述横杆
(661) 的一端套有一弹簧 (660) , 另一端设有一压块 (669) , 所述 £ 块 (669) 铰接 f所述联接销 (666) 上。
12、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的改进的面接触式单向离合器, 其待 征在于: 每套所述盘摩擦片 (64) _h还设有两通孔 (642、 643) , 两圆 柱销 (68、 69) 分别穿过所述两通孑 L (642、 643) , 从而将各片摩擦片 串联在一起; 所述离合器盘 (61) 禾 f!离合器盖 (62) 上对应地成形有 '圆周方向延伸的两长槽(611、 621 > ; 所述圆柱销 (68、 69).的两端插
.入所 长槽 6il:、 621) 内, 二着设有相互貝配合 两平行平面。
ί¾ 裉掘权利要求 10或 11所述的改进的面接 向离合器, 其待 征在于 所述毂摩擦片 (65) 与所述离合器毂 (63>通过花键联接在一
14、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述的改进的面接触式单向离合器, 其待 征在于: 所述离合器盘(61) 的中 、安装有一传输轴 (612), 所述传输 轴(612) 的一端向外伸出, 另一端借助轴承 (67)支撑于所述离合器鼓
(63) 的中心孔内。
15、 根据权利要求 10或 11所述白勺改进的面接触式单向离合器, 其待 征在于: 所述壳体 (60) 上设有三套所述四连杆压紧机构 (66) , 所逮 壳体 (60) 内对应地设有三套所述盘摩擦片 (64) , 所述三套四连杆 JE 装置 (66) ½j所述盘摩擦片 (64) 沿圆周方向均匀分布。
PCT/CN2004/001240 2004-10-29 2004-10-29 Embrayage antirecul du type à contact de surface amélioré Ceased WO2006045225A1 (fr)

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DE102010028654A1 (de) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Rücktrittgetriebe für Elektrofahrräder und Verfahren zur gesteuerten Kopplung von Abtrieb und Motor eines Elektrofahrrads
CN108266503A (zh) * 2017-01-04 2018-07-10 李激初 基于行星轮系的传动装置及内变速器和变速控制方法
CN108869571A (zh) * 2017-05-13 2018-11-23 潘国陶 一种离合器及使用该离合器的变速器

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US4474274A (en) * 1980-12-13 1984-10-02 Sachs-Systemtechnik Gmbh Motor vehicle clutch with an inductive signal transmission between a sensor on the clutch and a stationary indicator
US4515256A (en) * 1981-01-20 1985-05-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Daikin Seisakusho Clutch and brake unit
JPH08261253A (ja) * 1995-03-23 1996-10-08 Nsk Warner Kk ワンウェイクラッチ
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CN2621238Y (zh) * 2003-06-17 2004-06-23 宋战修 一种单双向可控离合器

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010028654A1 (de) * 2010-05-06 2011-11-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Rücktrittgetriebe für Elektrofahrräder und Verfahren zur gesteuerten Kopplung von Abtrieb und Motor eines Elektrofahrrads
CN108266503A (zh) * 2017-01-04 2018-07-10 李激初 基于行星轮系的传动装置及内变速器和变速控制方法
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CN108869571A (zh) * 2017-05-13 2018-11-23 潘国陶 一种离合器及使用该离合器的变速器

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