WO2006042756A2 - Formkörper für die erzeugung einer zu zerfasernden mineralischen schmelze zur herstellung von dämmstoffen aus mineralfasern - Google Patents
Formkörper für die erzeugung einer zu zerfasernden mineralischen schmelze zur herstellung von dämmstoffen aus mineralfasern Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006042756A2 WO2006042756A2 PCT/EP2005/011294 EP2005011294W WO2006042756A2 WO 2006042756 A2 WO2006042756 A2 WO 2006042756A2 EP 2005011294 W EP2005011294 W EP 2005011294W WO 2006042756 A2 WO2006042756 A2 WO 2006042756A2
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- shaped body
- production
- body according
- sheath
- binder
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/06—Mineral fibres, e.g. slag wool, mineral wool, rock wool
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/02—Pretreated ingredients
- C03C1/026—Pelletisation or prereacting of powdered raw materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a molded body for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, in particular rockwool, consisting of a molded block of mineral fibers bound to zu ⁇ least one binder from production-related residues and / or dismantled mineral fiber insulation materials.
- the invention also relates to a process for the production of a shaped body for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, in particular from rock wool, in which a molded block of mineral fibers bound from at least one binder from production-related residues and or a degraded mineral fiber insulating materials, or a process for producing a shaped body for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulation from Mi ⁇ neralfasern, especially rockwool, using production-related residues and / or dismantled mineral fiber -Dämmstoffen.
- binders organically modified silanes, water glass or phosphate binders are used, for example, in thermally stable insulation materials.
- insulating materials made of glass wool or rock wool are distinguished.
- An essential distinguishing feature between these two types of insulating material is their different temperature resistance.
- stone wool insulation 4102 Part 17 700 0 C melting point to DIN of> virtue of their chemical composition mix melt glass wool insulation already in Tem ⁇ temperatures 1000 0C.
- Rock wool insulation materials can be produced exclusively from rocks such as diabase or basalt, whereby limestone and / or dolomite can be added as corrective additives. These aggregates may also be wholly or partially replaced by blast furnace slags and / or other iron industry slags.
- slag wool Another starting material for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers is so-called slag wool, which is melted from basic blast furnace hoses with silicate correction additives. These slag wools also meet the criteria according to DIN 4102 Part 17.
- Raw materials for the production of mineral fiber insulation materials have become scarcer and more expensive in recent years. The manufacturers of these insulating materials are therefore also required by the circular economy and waste laws to find alternative sources of raw materials. In various branches of industry an ⁇ falling waste materials can be used as so-called secondary raw materials in the production of insulation materials made of mineral fibers, in particular in the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers.
- the raw materials for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers are melted with preferably high-quality foundry coke as the primary energy source in cupolas.
- Cupolas are on their inner walls smooth shaft wells with consistent over their inner diameters of about 0.9 m to about 2.5 m and heights of about 4 m to about 6 m.
- feed material the raw materials to be melted and fiberized and a primary energy source are introduced into the cupola furnace, wherein usually coke as primary energy carrier with a proportion of about 12 to about 17% by mass. of the feed material is used.
- the raw materials have diameters of about 80 mm to about 200 mm.
- the feedstock from raw materials and coke is poured periodically as a bed via ei ⁇ ne Gatt istsstrom in evenly distributed as possible in the cupola ge.
- a supply of air is required, which is injected over approximately 4 to 20, uniformly distributed over the circumference of the shaft furnace Wind ⁇ forms with pressures up to about 10 kPa in countercurrent to the cupola.
- the cupola has upper furnace areas in which a slight negative pressure is generated and maintained.
- the Gatt istстsstrom closes the cupola from the top down and allows a controlled discharge of the exhaust gases, which contain, inter alia, CO gas.
- the exhaust gases are fed to a downstream cleaning and Nachverbrennungs ⁇ system, so that the energy content of the exhaust gases used in a subsequent combustion chamber and at the same time harmful compounds, for example by oxidation or destruction in less harmless compounds um ⁇ be converted.
- the energy required for the subsequent combustion is supplied for example in the form of natural gas.
- the energy content of the heated exhaust gases is used in each case via heat exchangers both for preheating the exhaust gases in front of the combustion chamber, but essentially for heating the supplied air.
- the air is usually heated in combination with exhaust gas purification systems to temperatures of about 600 0 C, by additional heating devices to a maximum of about 800 ° C.
- a hot blast resulting therefrom can additionally be enriched with oxygen.
- oxygen nozzles are arranged distributed directly in a combustion plane on the circumference of the cupola furnace. These oxygen nozzles can act continuously or impulse-like act on the primary energy sources by regular opening and closing.
- the oxygen nozzles may be arranged on slidable lances.
- the primary energy source burns in the area of the bottom of the cupola furnace.
- the combustion ends in a zone about 0.5 m above the tuyeres.
- Temperatures of> 1500 0 C zone having the oxygen of the combustion air is used up. Above this zone is followed by an area of low altitude, for example ⁇ 1 m, in which a temperature of up to about 1000 ° C. is reached. It is fundamentally advantageous to limit the range of high and very high temperatures above the tuyeres to a low level in order to avoid so-called upper fires.
- the rocks arranged at a height of up to 1 m above the tuyeres melt and release their energy content into the area above this zone to the feed material arranged in this area, so that the components of the slipping task are preheated.
- the rocks and / or slags used as lumpy raw materials must not soften plastically at elevated temperatures, as does the energy carrier, since this increases the flow resistance of the bed and drastically reduces the melting performance. As a consequence, the coupler could become clogged.
- the constituents of the bed must therefore be dimensionally stable at least up to temperatures of about 1000 ° C.
- the temperature distribution in the cupola described above is therefore preceded by slow-reacting energy carriers, which burn off only after reaching a certain temperature level.
- Fuels such as hard coal and lignite, which release many volatile constituents at low temperatures and thus promote top-fire, are considered in principle unsuitable here; The same applies, moreover, to coke varieties, such as those used, for example, for home-made cooking.
- silicate formed melt in which, among other things ash components of Primdocer ⁇ gieehrs are melted.
- siphon outlet disposed designed as a siphon outlet is th the amount of up to about 155o 0 C heated silicate melt constant gehal ⁇ and in a substantially uniform mass flow to the Kupolo- downstream fiberizing fen passed.
- cascade fiberizing machines may be used.
- a nozzle-blow process is also known, in which the melt is blown out through nozzles and defibered.
- the melt is blown out through nozzles and defibered.
- cascade Zerfaserungsmaschinen not only the mineral fibers but also considerable amounts of non-fibrous particles are produced, which are in accordance with the mineral fibers after cooling in glass form.
- the coarser of these often spherical and columnar particles can be separated from the bulk of the mineral fibers.
- insulating materials produced in this way contain about 25 to 30% by mass of non-fibrous particles ⁇ 125 ⁇ m.
- the mineral fibers are deposited after their exit from the Zerfaserungsvortechnische on a conveyor as an endless insulation web.
- This Dämm ⁇ material web is processed in subsequent processing stations, for example, folded and / or compressed. Furthermore, the edges of the insulating material web are trimmed in the longitudinal direction.
- Waste and the take-back of damaged insulating materials cause larger amounts of waste.
- the internal wastes are broken and ground and mixed in this form with fine to medium-grained rocks, Abfallstof ⁇ fen, recycled materials or other additives and with binders and pressed into moldings.
- Suitable waste or recycling materials which are processed here to so-called secondary raw materials, are, for example, blast furnace or steelworks slags and / or slags from the hard coal power plants in the form of so-called melt chamber granules.
- Other additives may be alumina carriers, such as calcined raw bauxite or upgraded slags, dross and dusts from the aluminum industry.
- the binders used are usually hydraulically hardening binders, for example Portland cements, in particular finely ground high-strength types of Portland cements, high-hydraulic limes and / or latently hydraulic substances, such as, for example, calcined sewage sludge, ashes from animal rendering, residues from desulfurization plants of traveling grate boilers Pierverbrennung with appropriate exciters, such as quicklime.
- binders for example Portland cements, in particular finely ground high-strength types of Portland cements, high-hydraulic limes and / or latently hydraulic substances, such as, for example, calcined sewage sludge, ashes from animal rendering, residues from desulfurization plants of traveling grate boilers Pierverbrennung with appropriate exciters, such as quicklime.
- the shaped articles can have up to about 45% by mass of insulation waste which, however, because of their water-repellent properties, in particular the mineral oil impregnated with mineral oils, does not form solid bonds with the binders of the molded articles, so that the proportion of binders is increased in order to obtain storage and transport, in particular pourable Form ⁇ body.
- the moldings are therefore densified to densities of about 1,200 to about 2,000 kg / m 3 , preferably to densities of about 1,450 to about 1,700 kg / m 3 .
- the moldings contain organic constituents, in particular in the form of very finely divided organic binders, which are pyrolyzed even at relatively low temperatures, so that their energy content is not directly usable for the actual melting process in the cupola furnace, but in the flue gas purification systems or the like coupled heating systems for heating the combustion air with corresponding increases in efficiency at least the
- the porous microcracked bodies easily absorb water so that they should be protected against precipitation and thus also against exposure to low temperatures.
- the drying of the moldings takes place under atmospheric conditions, although preferably under protective roofs.
- Tied crystal water requires appropriate levels of coke or other Energyträgem.
- the steam formation can improve the heat transfer in the upper regions of the cupola furnace, it also has undesirable side effects on the gas budget.
- the water vapor loads downstream thermal exhaust air purification systems.
- the concrete bodies used in the building materials industry are used for pressing the shaped bodies from relatively dry masses. Because of the higher positional stability of the patch and for visual reasons, concrete paving stones often have a hexagonal
- the shape, size and weight of correspondingly formed moldings are suitable for treatment in the existing conveying and storage facilities and, on the other hand, do not adversely affect the flow resistance of the bed in the cupola furnace.
- the individual weights of the moldings are also similar to the coke particles, so that separations in the bed can be avoided.
- the shaped bodies should not differ significantly from the coarse-grained homogeneous natural rocks and thus do not plastically soften at elevated temperatures or form melting eutectics at low temperatures. Both, however, may be desirable as a local appearance within the moldings.
- the moldings are the cupola furnace usually abandoned together with coarse fractions of the bed and the equivalent sized primary energy coke.
- the moldings may be a cube shape with edge lengths of, for example, 80 mm to about 150 mm or in corresponding brick formats, for example, normal format or double format according to DIN 105. Larger moldings generally require longer drying times and thus often too long from an economic point of view.
- there is a risk during oven travel that the water vapor released during the dehydration of the hydrosilicates, aluminates and ferroalates contained in the cement matrix will burst the shaped body too soon from the inside, if the mass is too dense and thus less permeable would.
- the fine-grained components would be blown out of the furnace by the combustion air or the flue gases.
- the solid high-temperature coke to be used as the primary energy carrier in particular the foundry coke known by way of example, is scarce and therefore relatively expensive and, moreover, exposed to severe price fluctuations on the world market, especially in the required grain classes.
- Petroleum coke is used, among other things, for the cathodic lining as well as for the anodes of aluminum smelting furnaces. Analogously, this also applies to other coarse carbonaceous residues from coal distillation in the form of amorphous carbon up to crystalline graphite which no longer contains any volatile constituents. In this case, even components with a diameter between 50 mm and 80 mm can be accepted if their shares remain limited.
- the release of gaseous constituents including high levels of vapor, the swelling of the coals at elevated temperatures, and the resulting decrease in strength also preclude the direct use of briquettes or lignites in briquetted or pelletized form.
- Carbon stones or corresponding masses are refractory building materials, which are first bound with tar pitch. At high temperatures, volatile constituents are expelled, so that particles of the refractory building materials or of an outbreak fractured therefrom can be treated to a large extent, such as coke and graphite particles.
- Teer-bound basic dolomite, magnesia or bound chromium-magnesia stones and ramming masses contain the formed graphite in pores after the volatiles have fumed.
- Industrial pellets of conditioned natural biomass consist of wood and / or mixtures with other renewable raw materials, such as trays, vegetable residues. These biomasses are pressed, for example, as pellets with briquettes or other shaped bodies, with particle sizes of up to about 30 mm.
- Posidonia schist is known, which is named after the mussel Posidonia Bronni considered to be the leading fossil.
- Posidonia schists of the Lias formation in southern Germany can contain about 10% by weight, in some horizons up to 20% by weight of organic material, which in turn is 80-90% in the form of so-called kerogens.
- Kerogens are high molecular weight, at the same time high-polymer hydrocarbon compounds from which low-molecular substances with petroleum-like Properties arise. At very high pressures, natural gas can also be formed in catalytic reactions. Due to the genesis, however, relatively high levels of pyrites are present. Organic constituents burn off in fractions of fractured rocks in the form of a smoldering kiln, whereby leaking oil can be obtained. This form of oil extraction can also be done in shaft furnaces in which the burnup is controlled from top to bottom by a rectified guidance of the combustion air. These limestone rocks and marls, which are falsely referred to as oil shales, are currently used for the production of Portland oil shale cement. The rock is burned in fluidized bed ovens.
- the calorific value of the slate is given with a average content of organic substance of 11.2 mass% with about 3900 kJ / m 3 .
- the calorific values of hard coal are approx. 29,300 kJ / kg, of brown coal approx. 8,000 kJ / kg.
- the finely ground burnout is latently hydraulic to hydraulic and, after joint grinding with Portland cement clinker, produces a reddish-brown colored cement whose strength level is, however, lower than that of normal Portland cements.
- Finely milled slate is burnt together with limestone, quartz sand and clay in the rotary kiln to cement clinker, which naturally here the sulfide content in the slate for the product are not detrimental.
- the finely ground burned out stones were used as strengthening additives in the manufacture of construction boards or
- Refractory building materials are gebun ⁇ with water glasses or phosphate binders. Carbon-containing refractory building materials in the form of shaped bodies or staple masses are bound with coal tar, the volatile constituents being driven off either at a place of use by a heating process or by careful heating.
- binder Portland cement is provided in an amount of 8 to 35% of the dry weight of the briquette.
- the oxide-containing mineral particles are selected from the materials sand, slag, stone dust, fly ash, kaikkstein dust, dolomite dust, silicon dioxide, slag wool sawdust or any other waste materials obtained from slag wool.
- DE 195 25 022 A1 discloses a heatable, solid shaped article and method for its production, the main constituents of which are coke particles and cement.
- the coke particles are formed by coke breeze.
- the previously known shaped bodies are only conditionally suitable for replacing the primary energy carriers or the raw material, since their strength leads to an inadequately abrasion-resistant or dimensionally stable shaped body due to the materials or mass fractions used.
- the invention is therefore based on the invention to provide a generic molded article, which does not have the disadvantages of the known from the prior art be ⁇ moldings and in particular has a high strength in terms of abrasion and breakage. It is further to the invention a further development of a method for the production of a generic, with the molding with the above-mentioned high strengths in terms of abrasion and breakage in a simple and economical manner can be produced.
- the shaped block has an envelope made of a binder, which is arranged wholly or partially on at least one outer surface of the shaped block.
- the shaped block is arranged as a filling in a load-bearing and / or temperature-resistant sheathing.
- the invention is therefore essentially characterized in that the shaped body consists of a molded block and an envelope and / or a casing, so that the shaped brick is additionally protected in a simple manner against abrasion.
- the envelope or sheath preferably completely surrounds the shaped brick.
- the shaped block can thus be coated with a layer of a binding agent, in particular a thin layer of a cement paste.
- a binding agent in particular a thin layer of a cement paste.
- the layer of cement paste on the shaped brick also prevents or prevents the oxidation of the primary energy carrier by the carbon dioxide CO 2 formed during the reduction of the iron oxides.
- the thin layer of cement paste can be reinforced by additions of ground mineral fibers together with the comminuted non-fibrous particles which are optionally contained therein. Their proportion is limited with respect to the binder to a maximum of 20% by mass, but preferably ⁇ 8% by mass.
- the reactivity of the primary energy carrier can be delayed, so that the firing takes place in deeper areas of the cupola furnace and the formation of top fire is at least reduced.
- the shaped brick can subsequently be immersed in a suitable binder-containing slurry or sprayed on this slurry.
- the binder is preferably arranged in a thin layer fully or partially on the molded block.
- the binder consists of waterglass, phosphate binder, phosphate cement as a mixture of metal oxides with phosphoric acid and / or organically modified silanes.
- Binder provided as a coating in a carbon-containing fraction from Hochtempera ⁇ turkoks, petroleum coke, pitch coke and / or graphite.
- the coated molded block is inserted into the sheathing in order to further improve the strength of the shaped body.
- This alternative has proven to be particularly advantageous if the molded block has a volume that is smaller than the volume of the envelope, so that relative movements of the molded block to the jacket would lead to abrasion of the molded block.
- the shaped block may have a carbon-containing fraction having at least two particle size classes, of which a particle size class is at least 50% by mass, which has a particle size of ⁇ 25 mm and thus fills intermediate spaces which are arranged between the particles of particle size class ⁇ 25 mm.
- a particle size class is at least 50% by mass
- the packing density of ⁇ 1,250 kg / m 3 of Be ⁇ interpretation since this packing density is achieved by a pressing process in which in conjunction with the particle size distribution can produce a molded body, the by its abrasion and shape strength for the mentioned purpose is particularly suitable.
- This molded block is coated with a sheath or inserted into a sheath, as will be described in detail hereinafter.
- fine-grained fractions When freshly produced coke is broken, about 50% by weight of fine-grained fractions are formed, but they can not be used as fine-grained constituents for the operation of a cupola.
- the fine-grained fraction of the coke or another solid carbon-containing primary energy source for example refractory outbreaks or anodic linings of smelting furnaces or electrode material with coarser carbonaceous particles, which form a scaffold for receiving the fine-grained fraction, it is possible to to provide a pourable and low abrasion molded body which is in particular usable as a primary energy source for the production of mineral wool melts. Since the primary energy source in the fire must be stable for a long time, a thermally stable binder is provided.
- Portland cements including Portland oil shale cements, Tonerdeschmelzze ⁇ elements and latent hydraulic substances can be used with appropriate exciters as a binder for Hochtemperaturkoks- or graphite fractions.
- the selection of the binder also depends on the desired strength development of the moldings, the alumina cements very quickly develop sufficiently high strengths, which may justify their much higher price under certain circumstances.
- Coke and graphite particles with grain sizes ⁇ 50 mm, preferably ⁇ 25 mm were ⁇ the intensively mixed with the hydraulic binders.
- the particle size distribution of the carbon-containing fraction is selected such that the coarser constituents form a scaffold, while the finer particles only fill the intermediate spaces to such an extent that a sufficient packing density and thus a load-bearing molded body result, but at the same time has a certain permeability , It is advantageous in this case to use a carbon-containing fraction having a broad particle size range different grain size classes and to mix these in corresponding gradations and different proportions in order to press the corresponding shaped bodies from them.
- the mixing process can be carried out in two stages, by first admixing the carbonaceous particles with Portland cement, if appropriate with the addition of redispersible wetting agents and / or adhesion-promoting and strength-increasing redispersible plastics, before subsequently adding mixing water in the next mixing stage.
- the cement content is about 12 to about 30 mass%, preferably ⁇ 25 mass%.
- the carbonaceous fraction is then pressed into shaped bricks.
- the gross densities of these conglomerates are more than about 1250 kg / m 3 .
- the bulk density can be increased.
- the carbon-containing fraction may be formed as fine-grained and made of coke, graphite and / or carbon-containing compounds, in particular refractory Outbreaks or anodic linings of smelting furnaces and / or vor ⁇ preferably used electrode material consist.
- the binder is thermally stable and preferably consists of Portland cement, Portlandölschieferzement, Tonerdeschmelzzement and / or la ⁇ tenthydraulischen substances with stimulators, in particular free lime-containing substances, such as hydrated lime or cement.
- the carbon-containing fraction and / or the binder means redispersible wetting agents, for example surface-active substances and / or adhesion-promoting and / or strength-increasing redispersible plastics, such as, for example, acrylate, styrene acrylate and / or copolymers.
- redispersible wetting agents for example surface-active substances and / or adhesion-promoting and / or strength-increasing redispersible plastics, such as, for example, acrylate, styrene acrylate and / or copolymers.
- the carbon-containing fraction is preferably bonded with 12 to 30% by mass, in particular with 15 to 25% by mass of binder, so that the excellent melting properties in the region of a cupola furnace are retained in this shaped article.
- a support particle having a particle size of less than 25 mm, in particular less than 10 mm is contained in a proportion of less than 30% by mass.
- the supporting grain consists of suitable minerals, in particular rockwool, suitable rock and / or secondary raw materials for producing a mineral melt to be shredded for the production of insulating materials. This embodiment ensures as far as possible residue-free melting, wherein constituents of the primary energy carrier pass into the melt and contribute to the formation of the mineral fibers.
- carbon coke is suitable in that its proportion can remain limited to ⁇ 30% by weight of the foundry coke or graphite or a mixture of both, and the support structure made of solid dense high-temperature coke or graphite, optionally supplemented by supporting granules of rocks or comparable secondary substances.
- the cube-shaped moldings can have edge lengths up to about 300 mm. Edge lengths of approximately 200 to 250 mm have proven to be advantageous, since the shaped bodies are still dimensionally stable with such edge lengths and do not disintegrate in the cupola furnace even under the influence of temperature.
- the carbon-containing fraction with the binder and the optionally present supporting grain and / or the optionally present casing is arranged as a filling in a load-bearing and / or temperature-resistant casing.
- the carbonaceous fraction bound in this way with hydraulic binders can thus be treated with raw material-containing, i. the desired melt-forming masses together form a shaped body.
- raw material-containing i. the desired melt-forming masses
- special shapes of the molded articles from the primary energy source and the raw material can advantageously have an effect on the melting process. Such shapes will be described below.
- the shaped bodies can also consist of natural rocks and / or other secondary raw materials, if appropriate with fractions of primary energy sources and suitable binders.
- the Umman ⁇ tion has a cavity having a volume which is greater than the volume of the filling volume, which comprises the carbon-containing fraction, wherein the volume ratio of a proportion of in contains the carbon-containing fraction, is dependent on heating volatile components.
- the filling is arranged in briquetted form or as a bed in the sheathing.
- the sheathing at least in some areas, has an air permeability for the controlled degassing of the filling, in order to avoid excessive pressure in the sheathing.
- Such a pressure could lead to damage or destruction of the Ummanteiung, so that a controlled release of energy or a kon ⁇ trollATORs melting of the raw material is not possible.
- the casing consists of a stone fraction, in particular of mineral rock to be fibrillated for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated, preferably of rockwool, of suitable mineral and / or secondary raw materials, which are bound with hydraulic binders.
- This embodiment provides a shaped body which serves both as a primary energy carrier and as a raw material carrier.
- the casing has an outer casing surface on which a coating layer of hydraulic binders, in particular having fine-grained rocks and / or mineral fibers, is arranged.
- the casing has according to a further feature an opening which can be closed with a lid.
- an opening which can be closed with a lid.
- a separate production of casing and filling is possible, which are then connected ver ⁇ together. Different fillings can thus be introduced into the sheathings in order to take into account different requirements of the melting process.
- a thus formed casing has a high abrasion resistance and is particularly suitable for the pouring of a cupola furnace.
- the hydraulically hardening binders are partially substituted by hydraulically setting or latently hydraulic secondary raw materials or by latently hydraulic pozzolans, tufts with stimulators, in particular free lime-containing substances, for example carbohydrate or cement.
- Jacket has a length and / or a diameter, the ratio of each other is 1: 1, preferably 1, 2: 1 to 2.5: 1.
- the casing and / or the molded block has a center of gravity which is arranged eccentrically on the longitudinal axis of the shaped body.
- the complete and firm enclosure of the filling in the casing is achieved by the fact that the lid, which is preferably formed from a material which corresponds to the material of the casing, is pressed into the casing after it has been filled with the filling.
- the lid has at least one predetermined breaking point at which the lid breaks at a certain pressure.
- the sheath has at least two chambers for receiving under ⁇ different fillings.
- the chambers are separated by a wall of ground mineral fibers and / or of cement-bonded molding compounds which conform to the material of the casing.
- the chambers are subdivided transversely to the longitudinal axis of the sheathing. Furthermore, the invention can be further developed was ⁇ that the sheath is divided by extending parallel to the longitudinal axis webs into individual chambers.
- the casing has in the region of a wall a perforated disk or at least one opening through which volatile constituents can escape.
- the filling and / or the casing are rotationally symmetrical. It has proved to be particularly advantageous here for the filling and / or the sheathing to have a cylindrical or prism-shaped cross-section and preferably a curved to hemispherical end face and a contact surface arranged opposite the end face. Both the storage and the orientation of the moldings in the cupola furnace can thereby be influenced in a particularly advantageous manner.
- the filling and / or the sheathing have the shape of a rhombic disphenoid.
- water glass for the production of the shaped body and in particular of the sheathing and of the shaped brick, water glass, phosphate binders, phosphate cements as mixtures of metal oxides with phosphoric acid and organically modified silanes as binders may be used instead of hydraulically setting substances.
- phosphate binders for the production of the shaped body and in particular of the sheathing and of the shaped brick, water glass, phosphate binders, phosphate cements as mixtures of metal oxides with phosphoric acid and organically modified silanes as binders may be used instead of hydraulically setting substances.
- high temperature coke petroleum coke
- Pitch coke or graphite are used, which have solid surfaces.
- the reinforced surface layer of the described, usable as filling shaped blocks forms the transition to the load-bearing and temperature-resistant
- Sheath where the sheath and the filling in the sense of small reactors are to be understood.
- these small reactors may contain, in particular, primary energy carriers which, on heating, release volatile substances and thereby inflate. Such reactions are to be considered in the design of the sheathing body and the respective degree of filling.
- the volatile constituents released can substantially intensify the melting process or replace part of the primary energy carriers in the furnace bed.
- the energy-containing volatiles are withdrawn in the upper part of the Ku ⁇ polofen and burned in a downstream combustor. The energy content ultimately serves to preheat the combustion air.
- Various primary energy carriers can be introduced into this casing as shaped blocks, in bonded, for example in briquetted form, or as a fine-grained packing.
- shaped blocks which are to be used in the sheathings
- naturally fine coal is suitable for briquetting or coal tar pitch.
- polysaccharides, Me ⁇ can be used or the like.
- Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view shown
- Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view shown
- Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view shown
- Figure 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional plan view shown
- Figure 5 shows a first embodiment of a molded block in side view
- FIG. 6 shows the molded block according to FIG. 5 in plan view
- Figure 7 shows a second embodiment of a molded block in side view
- FIG. 8 shows the molded block according to FIG. 7 in plan view
- FIG. 9 shows a third embodiment of a molded block in a sectional side view
- FIG. 10 shows a fourth embodiment of a molded block in a sectional side view
- Figure 11 shows a fifth embodiment of a molded block in a sectional side view
- FIG. 12 shows the molded block according to FIG. 11 in plan view
- FIG. 13 shows a sixth embodiment of a molded block in a sectional side view
- FIG. 14 shows the molded block according to FIG. 13 in plan view
- Figure 15 shows a seventh embodiment of a molded block in plan view
- FIG. 16 shows a fifth embodiment of a shaped body in plan view
- FIG. 17 shows the shaped body according to FIG. 16 in a sectioned view along the section line VXII - XVII in FIG. 16;
- FIG. 18 shows the shaped body according to FIG. 16 in a sectional view cut along the section line VXIII-XVIII in FIG. 16;
- Figure 19 shows an eighth embodiment of a molded block in plan view
- FIG. 20 shows the shaped block according to FIG. 19 in a sectional view cut along the section line XX-XX in FIG. 19 and FIG
- Figure 21 shows a sixth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view.
- FIG. 1 shows a shaped body 1 which can be used as a primary energy source for the production of a mineral melt to be fiberized for the production of insulation materials from mineral fibers, in particular from rock wool.
- the molded body 1 can be used as a primary energy source for the production of a mineral melt to be fiberized for the production of insulation materials from mineral fibers, in particular from rock wool.
- the carbon-containing fraction consists of a molded block 1 'made of a bound with a binder fine-grained and carbon-containing fraction.
- the carbon-containing fraction has a maximum particle size of 50 mm, wherein at least half of the carbon-containing fraction has a particle size ⁇ 25 mm.
- the coarser constituents of the carbon-containing fraction form a support framework, not shown in more detail, while the finer constituents with a particle size ⁇ 25 mm fill in the interstices in the support framework.
- the carbonaceous fraction and the binder have a packing density of 1,250 kg / m 3 .
- FIG. 1 furthermore shows a casing 4, which has a receiving space 5, in which the shaped brick is completely inserted, so that inner wall surfaces 6 of the receiving space 5 rest against the outer wall 7 of the shaped brick V as far as possible.
- the casing 4 is cylindrical and has a circumferential wall 8 and a transverse to the longitudinal direction of the wall 8 extending bottom 9.
- the bottom 9 has an increased material thickness in relation to the wall 8 and moreover has a conical depression 10, which is formed corresponding to the conical section 3 of the molded block.
- a lid 11 is arranged, which closes the receiving space 5 above the molded block V.
- the molded block 1 'thus represents a filling 12.
- the casing 4 consists of rock fractions and / or secondary raw materials which are produced in the production of mineral fiber insulating materials in the course of the production process as, for example, sections, faulty products or the like. Furthermore, such secondary raw materials may also be available in the course of recycling demolished mineral fiber insulating materials.
- the casing 4 has a high mechanical and thermal stability at the same time high air permeability.
- the rock fractions and / or secondary raw materials are bound together by hydraulic binders.
- the air permeability of the casing 4 enables a controlled degassing of the molded block 1 ', which is located within the receiving space 5 and represents the filling 12, which serves as an energy source in a melting process in a cupola (not shown).
- a regulated gas pressure within the casing 4 for example the expansion pressure of coal, low-temperature coke or others
- energy carriers serve to support the casing 4. The strength of the casing 4 can consequently be reduced in order to make the casing 4 so permeable to air that delayed energy release of the molded block 1 'is possible.
- the casing 4 on the wall 8, the bottom 9 and / or the lid 11 may have a thin layer of a hydraulic Bin ⁇ not shown in detail.
- This hydraulic binder can be reinforced by fine-grained rock fractions or secondary raw materials, namely in particular waste fibers. Such a layer can be applied by dipping or spraying the Um ⁇ sheath 4.
- the casing 4 is pressed as a body open on one side. Subsequently, the shaped brick 1 'is inserted into the body of the casing 4 and the casing 4 is closed by the lid 11.
- the cover 11 has circumferentially a projection 13 which engages in a korrespondie ⁇ ing recess 14 formed in the inner wall surface 6 of Ummante ⁇ ment 4.
- the recess 14 may be formed, for example, as an undercut, which is introduced in the region of an upper edge of the casing 4 with a friction screw press.
- the sheath 4 may also consist of haufwerkporigem mortar or concrete, with aggregates of rocks, slags and mineral fiber waste and hydraulically hardening
- Binders such as Portland cements can be provided.
- the hydraulically hardening binders can be at least partially substituted by hydraulically setting or latent-hydraulic secondary raw materials, respectively latent-hydraulic pozzolans or tufts with corresponding exciters, if a sufficiently long storage time for hardening is granted.
- the wall 8 is formed with a smaller wall thickness, as the bottom 9.
- the material thickness of the lid 11 corresponds to the material thickness of the wall 8. Basically, the wall thickness to the required Strength of the molded block V and the sheath 4 tuned, in particular the transport and storage of the combination of molded block V and sheath 4 and on the stresses during the furnace journey rinse ⁇ view is to take.
- the configuration of the base 9 with the conical deepening 10 in combination with the conical portion 3 of the shaped block 1 'and the high packing density results in the combination of Ummante ⁇ not particularly in the bed in that lung 4 and molded block 1 1 aligned closer dar ⁇ put cupola in the desired manner, so that the combination of molded block 1 'and sheath 4 is arranged substantially in the orientation shown in Figure 1 in the bed.
- the combination of molded block 1 'and sheath 4 shown in FIG. 1 has a ratio of length to diameter of 1: 1. By changing this ratio up to 2.5: 1, the above-described effects with regard to alignment in the cupola furnace can be further improved.
- the above-described molded block 1 ' which may consist of a primary energy source, for example coke or another carbon-containing fraction, is preformed and pressed. But there is also the possibility of the primary energy source or another carbon-containing
- the recess 14 at the upper edge of the casing 4 is particularly advantageous if the lid 11 is formed of a low compared to the wall 8 or bottom 9 permeable molding compound or a pourable and finally strongly dwindling mass. See through the positive connection between the lid 11 and the sheath 4 prevents the lid
- the lid 11 at the different stresses during storage, transport and loading of the cupola is separated from the casing 4.
- the lid 11 may also be dimensioned such that it tears under thermal loads, namely at too high an internal pressure, but does not fall out of its anchoring in the casing 4.
- the lid 11 may have a predetermined breaking point, not shown. The cover 11 thus prevents falling out of the molded block V or a comparable bed of material from the casing 4.
- the combination of the shaped block V and the casing 4 constitutes a so-called small reactor whose energy output is matched to the temperature distribution curve over the height of the cupola.
- the volatile constituents of the molded block V are released only after sufficient heating of the coating 4 and preferably via the bottom 9 and the wall 8. As a result, they are first burned in an area of the cupola in which a
- Activated carbon or soot can also be wood waste, bark, waste wood, shavings and dusts from wood and paper processing, chipboard shavings and chips, Textil ⁇ snippets, peanut shells, cotton stalks in briquetted form as a shaped stone 1 'or filling 12 are used.
- FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a shaped body 1 with a shaped stone 1 ', which is formed in two parts and has sections, wherein a separating layer 15, which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis of the shell 4, is arranged between the sections of the shaped block 1' and to the interior walls training area 6 of the casing 4 connects.
- the two sections of the Form ⁇ stone 1 ', which are separated by the separation layer 15 from each other, may be identical or different. This applies in particular with regard to the composition of the primary energy source or of an alternative carbon-containing fraction.
- a deviating lid 11 can be seen, which is essentially T-shaped in cross section, so that the lid rests on an end face 16 of the wall 8 of the casing 4, while one with the inside diameter the sheathing 4 ein ⁇ tuning section 17 sealingly engages in the receiving space 5 of the casing 4.
- a positive connection according to FIG. 1 can also be provided, in which case a corresponding projection 13 and a corresponding recess 14 are integrated into the inner wall surface 6 and the lid 11, respectively ,
- the shaped block 1 'can consist of a pelletized, briquetted or otherwise compressed energy carrier and can be stretched by broken kerogens containing the slate and / or ground insulation waste and thus be braked in its reactivity.
- a similar effect is achieved by the Trenn ⁇ layer 15, which divides the shaped block T into two sections.
- the separating layer 15 thus results in a combination of a shaped block 1 'and a casing 4, in which the casing 4 has a multi-chamber structure.
- FIG. 4 has a polygonal cross-section casing 4 whose receiving space 5 is subdivided into four chambers by right-angled partition walls 18, each receiving part of a molded block V.
- the individual parts of the Formed stone 1 ' may in turn be identical or different, in particular, different compositions of the individual parts of the molded block V may be provided.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a shaped block Y arranged in a casing 4, wherein it can be seen that, unlike the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the bottom 9 is designed as a perforated plate with degassing openings 19 and inserted into an opening of the casing 4 in a form-fitting manner is.
- the bottom 9 in the region of its edge on a circumferential projection 20 which in a corresponding recess 21 of
- the projection 20 and the recess 21 are formed in a semi-circular cross-section to facilitate the insertion of the bottom 9 in the casing 4.
- degassing openings 19 in the bottom are arranged in the lid 11, the configuration of which otherwise coincides with the lid 11 according to FIG.
- the degassing opening 19 in the lid 11 is arranged centrally. It can be seen that the degassing openings 19, which are arranged centrally in the cover 11 and in the bottom 9, are conical and constrict towards the shaped block 1 '. On the other hand, the degassing openings arranged eccentrically in the bottom 9 are cylindrical. A defined degassing of the molded block 1 'is possible via the degassing openings 19 in order to regulate the gas pressure within the casing 4.
- the shaped stone 1 'described above and arranged in the casing 4 will be explained in more detail below, as far as this shaped stone V is of course also without sheath 4 as the primary energy source for the production of a mineral melt to be shredded for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, especially from rock wool is usable.
- the previously described and mentioned raw materials, as well as the coke have due to their respective internal structure and the applied Auftungs ⁇ process on irregular forms.
- the raw and secondary raw materials which form the melt and the primary energy sources can be introduced into the cupola furnace completely or substantially in the form of shaped bodies 1.
- the shape of these individual melt-containing shaped bodies 1 and those of the energy-carrying shaped blocks V may vary in terms of shape, size, weight and strength, and coordination with one another is possible.
- the shape of the cupola, the distribution of the moldings 1 in the oven, the transport of the moldings 1 to the oven and the feed plays an essential
- the moldings 1 are mechanically loaded in this case and should in particular be made resistant to abrasion and breakage.
- a molded block V is shown in a side view (FIG. 5) and in a plan view (FIG. 6).
- the molded block 1 ' is designed in the shape of a double-pyramidal truncated shape and consists of a primary energy source.
- the shaped block 1 ' has a cuboid central region 22 with a square base surface.
- Truncated pyramid-shaped elements 23 are arranged on both sides of the middle region 22, wherein a truncated pyramid-shaped element 23 can consist of a primary energy carrier and the further truncated pyramidal element 23 of a melt-forming substance.
- the truncated pyramidal elements 23 have square end surfaces 24th
- the molded block 1 'can also ei ⁇ NEN middle region in the form of a circular disk, wherein the elements 23 can then be frusto-conical.
- the molded block 1 ' accordinging to FIGS. 5 and 6 represents a simple geometric shape with which hybrid forms can be realized by bonding bonded energy carriers with melt-forming substances.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show further embodiments of a rotationally symmetrical shaped block 1 '.
- the elements 23 are formed with concave surfaces.
- the elements 23 have a round or polygonal cross-section, but extend in each case as far as an end face 24.
- the edge regions of the molded block 1 ' are formed with increased edge strength.
- the shaped block V can additionally ne parallel to the longitudinal axis extending opening 25, which serves for the degassing of the molded block 1 'or flow through the molded block 1'.
- the concave surfaces of the elements 23 serve to improve the degassing and flow through a arranged in a cupola not shown bed of moldings 1, as by the concave surfaces dense concerns neighboring mold blocks 1 'is not possible.
- Central portion 26 has, which is designed as einschaliger Rotationshyperboloid.
- a circular disc portion 27 is arranged an ⁇ , wherein the material thickness of the disc sections 27 may be identical or un ⁇ different formed, for example, an orientation of the molded block V in the introduction of the molded block 1 'as a bed in Kupolo ⁇ fen to be able to.
- FIG. Hier ⁇ it is a molded block V with a round or polygonal cross-section, wherein the shaped block V is formed in particular of bound Hochtemperatur ⁇ coke and / or graphite.
- the shaped brick 1' has an opening 25 extending in its longitudinal direction.
- FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of a molded block 1 ', which may have a round or polygonal cross-section.
- the molded block 1 ' according to FIG. 11 has two disk sections 27 and a central section 26, wherein the diameter or the width of the central section 26 is smaller than the diameter or width of the disk sections 27 the central portion 26 facing the end of an inclined surface 28, wherein the central portion 26 is aligned centrally to the disk portions 27.
- An opening 25 is provided transversely to the longitudinal axis of the middle section 26 which in turn serves to improve the flowability of a bed formed from such moldings V in a cupola furnace.
- FIG. 12 shows a shaped block V with a polygonal or circular cross section, which consists of a plurality of disks 29, 30 and 31, wherein the disks 29, 30 and 31 are arranged concentrically to one another and have different diameters or widths, so that a step-shaped one Structure of the molded block V yields.
- the disks 29 to 31 have a circumferential edge bead, which increases the edge strength of the disks 29 to 31.
- Edge bead is also the position of such a molded block 1 'stabilized within ei ⁇ ner furnace bed.
- the shaped brick 1 'can in turn have an opening 25 for improving the flowability of the shaped block 1' or a bed formed from a plurality of shaped blocks 1 'in a cupola furnace.
- Such openings 25 also serve to improve the heat transfer, since the shaped brick V is also heated from the inside through the openings.
- moisture can escape from the shaped brick 1 'via the opening 25.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 show a further embodiment of a molded block 1 ', wherein FIG. 14 shows a top view and FIG. 13 shows a sectional side view of the molded block V according to FIG.
- the molded block 1 'according to FIGS. 13 and 14 has a substantially elliptical cross section and consists of a body which is homogeneous in terms of its density or of a body with a partially different mass.
- the shaped block V has an opening 25 for the purposes already described above.
- other shapes are also possible, up to rotational ellipsoids.
- the advantage of such shaped bricks 1 'having an elliptical cross section is that such shaped bricks 1' can be arranged in a stable flat position in the cupola furnace. Therefore, the openings 25 in the case of such shaped blocks Y, they are also aligned at right angles to the longitudinal extent of the shaped stones 1 '.
- FIG. 15 shows another simple embodiment of a molded block 1 ', which is particularly suitable for the use in question here.
- Formed block Y according to FIG. 15 has the known form of a domestic fire brigade and is therefore easy to stack and transport. Due to its shape form several blocks Y a highly permeable bed in a cupola. Another embodiment of a shaped block Y is shown in FIGS. 16 to 18. This molded block 1 'is particularly suitable for insertion into the
- the molded block 1 ' has six surfaces 32, in which gas guide channels 33 are formed.
- the gas guide channels 33 are open to the surfaces 32 and connect in each case oppositely disposed and parallel aligned surfaces 32nd
- the large surfaces 32 each have four gas guide channels 33, of which two are aligned in parallel.
- In the formed as narrow sides surfaces 32 each have two gas guide channels 33 are formed.
- bores 34 are additionally arranged which, for example, have an oval, round or cloverleaf-shaped cross section.
- the holes 34 connect opposing surfaces 32 to each other.
- the molded block Y according to FIGS. 16 to 18 may have a height between 50 and 500 mm and side lengths between 150 and 500 mm.
- the shaped brick 1 'according to FIGS. 16 to 18 preferably has a square base surface, wherein in FIG. 16 the wrapping is additionally represented as a coating 35 adhering to the surfaces 32, for example a binder, such as a cement paste.
- the binder may additionally comprise mutated gemm ⁇ lene insulation fibers to the abrasion resistance of the molding 1 to increase.
- this coating 35 is arranged only in the region of one half on the surfaces 32 of the molded block 1 'designed as narrow sides.
- the coating 35 thus likewise serves to displace the center of gravity of the shaped body 1, so that the shaped body 1 is aligned in a particular arrangement when a cupola is subjected to a load.
- FIGS. 19 and 20 show a further embodiment of a molded block 1 'which, in the region of its two large surfaces 36, has grooves 37 that are substantially U-shaped in cross-section. These grooves 37 in turn serve to guide air and gas during the melting process inside the cupola furnace.
- the molded block 1 'according to Figures 19 and 20 is cuboid.
- FIG. 21 shows an element 39 which has a shaped body 1 in a casing 4, wherein the casing 4 is arranged with the casing 4 arranged therein
- Form stone 1 'forms a central element 38, to which smaller elements 40 are connected via webs 41.
- the smaller elements 40 correspond in their construction to the central element 38 and consequently also have a shaped block 1 'in a casing 4
- Jacket 4 consists of a melt-forming mass, while the molded block V represents an energy source. With a plurality of elements 39 according to FIG. 21, a very permeable furnace filling can be produced.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004051007 | 2004-10-20 | ||
DE102004051007.5 | 2004-10-20 | ||
DE102004062781.9 | 2004-12-21 | ||
DE102004062781 | 2004-12-21 | ||
DE102005040269A DE102005040269B4 (de) | 2004-10-20 | 2005-08-24 | Formkörper für die Erzeugung einer zu zerfasernden mineralischen Schmelze zur Herstellung von Dämmstoffen aus Mineralfasern sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Formkörper |
DE102005040269.0 | 2005-08-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006042756A2 true WO2006042756A2 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
WO2006042756A3 WO2006042756A3 (de) | 2006-09-08 |
Family
ID=36201991
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2005/011294 WO2006042756A2 (de) | 2004-10-20 | 2005-10-20 | Formkörper für die erzeugung einer zu zerfasernden mineralischen schmelze zur herstellung von dämmstoffen aus mineralfasern |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE102005040269B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006042756A2 (de) |
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GB1206434A (en) * | 1966-11-12 | 1970-09-23 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | A method of coking compacts or shaped bodies of fuel on travelling grates |
GB1213062A (en) * | 1966-11-12 | 1970-11-18 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | A method of coking compacts or shaped bodies of fuel |
US4015977A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1977-04-05 | Crawford Chester C | Petroleum coke composition |
EP0155439A1 (de) * | 1983-03-07 | 1985-09-25 | Rockwool Aktiebolaget | Koksbriketts |
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DE8532775U1 (de) * | 1985-11-21 | 1986-02-13 | Anasco GmbH, 6200 Wiesbaden | Grillkohlenanzünder |
EP0276697A1 (de) * | 1987-01-15 | 1988-08-03 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Holzkohle-Artikel und Verfahren, um damit zu kochen |
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DE3940327C1 (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-06-20 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen, De | Cement-bonded coke mouldings - prepd. by mixing fine coke with mineral mortar and moulding moist mixt. in shaping machine |
DE3940328C1 (en) * | 1989-12-06 | 1991-07-11 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen, De | Lime bonded coke mouldings mfr. for iron and steel prodn. - by mixing coke fines with mineral mortar and briquetting |
DE4006752A1 (de) * | 1990-02-16 | 1991-08-29 | Hillekamp Horst J Dipl Kaufm | Koks, insbesondere petrolkoks |
WO1992004289A1 (en) * | 1990-08-29 | 1992-03-19 | Paroc Oy Ab | Raw material briquette for mineral wool production and process for its preparation and its use |
GB2265384A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1993-09-29 | Edward Weiching Ling | Method and apparatus for producing heat from combustible material |
GB2306502A (en) * | 1993-08-11 | 1997-05-07 | Duffco | Briquettes containing an oxidiser |
DE29509917U1 (de) * | 1995-06-19 | 1995-10-12 | Oelkers Rud W Market | Brennstoff, insbesondere Grillkohle |
WO1999028252A1 (en) * | 1997-12-02 | 1999-06-10 | Rockwool International A/S | Briquettes for mineral fibre production and their use |
DE20001115U1 (de) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-04-27 | Hohenlohe-Waldenburg, Fuerst Zu | Brennkörper, insbesondere Kaminscheit |
DE19919912A1 (de) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-11-02 | Tinox Gmbh | Beschichtete Brennstoffpellets und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
WO2000075384A1 (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2000-12-14 | Nu-Rock Corporation S.A.R.L. | Process of agglomerating particulate waste material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102005040269B4 (de) | 2007-11-08 |
DE102005040269A1 (de) | 2006-05-04 |
WO2006042756A3 (de) | 2006-09-08 |
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