WO2006033345A1 - 裏面照射型撮像素子 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/1464—Back illuminated imager structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/148—Charge coupled imagers
- H01L27/14806—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14812—Special geometry or disposition of pixel-elements, address lines or gate-electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/148—Charge coupled imagers
- H01L27/14831—Area CCD imagers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a back-illuminated image sensor.
- the present invention relates to a back-illuminated image sensor suitable for ultra-high-speed and ultra-high-sensitivity imaging for measurement applications in the fields of science and technology such as high-speed imaging with a microscope or an electron microscope.
- a back-illuminated imaging device in which incident rays such as visible light are incident from a surface (back surface) opposite to a surface (front surface) on which a chip electrode or the like is disposed (see Patent Document 1). ).
- each pixel's conversion unit for example, a photoelectric conversion unit when the incident line is visible light
- a signal such as an AZD converter or signal storage unit is provided.
- a part for performing some processing on the charge is provided on the surface side of the chip.
- back-illuminated image sensor can obtain an aperture ratio close to 100%, it is possible to achieve very high sensitivity. Therefore, back-illuminated image sensors are often used in applications that require high sensitivity, such as in the field of astronomy and electron microscopes. A back-illuminated image sensor with high sensitivity is also suitable for high-speed shooting where the exposure time for each image is shortened.
- the present inventors have developed a pixel peripheral recording type image sensor (In-Situ Storage Image Sensor: ISIS) having a linear signal storage unit in or near the pixel (for example, Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).
- a pixel peripheral recording type image sensor ISIS
- ISIS In-Situ Storage Image Sensor: ISIS
- Patent Document 3 a back-illuminated image sensor that applies the principle of the pixel peripheral recording image sensor
- FIG. 30 and FIG. 31 show a pixel peripheral recording type back-side illuminated image sensor.
- a plurality of pixels 203 are two-dimensionally arranged on the incident surface (back surface) 202 of the back-illuminated image sensor 201.
- back surface the incident surface
- FIG. 30 for simplification, only 12 (4 rows ⁇ 3 columns) pixels 203 are illustrated, and the number of rows and the number of columns of 1S pixels 203 may be two or more.
- a photoelectric conversion layer 205 and a charge collection layer 206 which will be described later, are illustrated for the sake of simplicity.
- a p-type photoelectric conversion layer 205 is provided on the incident surface 202 side of the chip 204. It has been. Further, an n_type charge collection layer 206 is provided adjacent to the surface 208 side of the photoelectric conversion layer 205. Further, an n-type input region 209 is provided on the surface 208 side for each pixel 203. Each pixel 203 is provided with an n_ type charge accumulation portion 207 extending from the charge collection layer 206 to the input region 209.
- Each input area 209 is connected with a signal recording CCD D211 extending obliquely downward in FIG.
- a CCD vertical readout CCD 212 extending in the vertical direction (column direction) is provided for each column of each input area 209!
- a drain line 227 is provided adjacent to each vertical readout CCD 212.
- a CCD horizontal readout CCD125 extending in the horizontal direction (row direction) is provided in the figure.
- the signal recording CCD 211 and the vertical readout CCD 212 are embedded in a p-type charge blocking region 213 provided on the surface side of the chip 204.
- the concentration distribution of the p-type impurity in the charge blocking region 213 is constant.
- the thickness of the charge blocking region 213 obtained by measuring the surface 208 side force of the chip 204 is constant.
- a p + type channel stop 214 is provided between two adjacent signal recording CCDs 211 and between the signal recording CCD 211 and the vertical readout CCD 212.
- Reference numeral 215 denotes an electrode for driving the signal recording sheet 0211
- reference numeral 216 denotes an electrode for sending a signal charge from the input area 209 to the signal recording CCD 211.
- Electrons (signal charges) generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 205 by the incidence of light on the incident surface 202 indicated by the arrow A move to the charge collection layer 206 as indicated by a dotted line B. Further, the electrons move in the charge collection layer 206 in the horizontal direction in FIG. 31 to reach the charge accumulation unit 207, and are sent from the input region 209 to the signal recording CCD 211.
- the n-type signal recording CCD 211 and the vertical readout CCD 21 and the p + type channel stop 214 are alternately embedded in the p-type charge blocking region 213.
- the potential distribution of the n_ type charge collection layer 206 is affected. Specifically, a closed region having a low potential is generated as shown by an arrow C in FIG. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 33, unevenness occurs in the potential distribution on the dotted line D connecting the highest potential portion in the horizontal direction (electron movement direction). Electrons exceed the unevenness of this potential distribution in the charge collection layer 206. Need to move. Therefore, the unevenness of the potential distribution reduces the moving speed at which electrons move in the charge collection layer 206.
- the unevenness difference E in the potential distribution is 0.3 V or more, even at room temperature, when viewed at short intervals, some electrons are captured and an afterimage is generated, resulting in a reduction in temporal resolution.
- the speed of diffusion of electrons is low, such as at low temperatures, electrons are trapped in the unevenness of the potential distribution even at a lower voltage.
- symbol 2 17 conceptually indicates electrons captured by the unevenness of the potential distribution. Since electrons are trapped in the unevenness of the potential distribution, the moving speed of the electrons becomes very small, and if the time interval between frames is reduced, an afterimage is generated and the time resolution is reduced.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9 331052
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001 345441
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-235621
- Non-patent document 1 Takeharu Eto et al., “1 million C-second CCD imager for continuous shooting of 103 images (A and CE Image Sensor of 1M frames / s for Continuous Image Capturing of 103 Frames)”, technology Digest of Technical Papers, 2002 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2002, 45th, p. 46 -47
- Non-patent document 2 Takeharu Eto, 4 others, "Million-second Z-second imaging device with oblique linear CCD pixel peripheral recording area", The Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers, The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers, 2002, 56th, No. 3, p. 483 -486
- An object of the present invention is to improve the moving speed of signal charges in the charge collection layer and improve the time resolution, that is, the imaging speed, in a back-illuminated imaging device including a CCD as a signal storage unit.
- the term “incident line” refers to a flow of energy or particles to be detected that is incident on an image sensor, and includes electromagnetic waves, electrons including light such as ultraviolet rays, visible rays, and infrared rays. Of charged particles such as, ions, and holes, and radiation including alpha, gamma, j8, and neutrons in addition to x-rays.
- a first conductive type conversion layer that is provided on a back surface side on which incident lines are incident and converts the incident lines into signal charges, and a plurality of pixels that form a two-dimensional array.
- a plurality of second conductivity type input regions provided on the surface opposite to the back surface of each of the plurality of input regions, and each of the plurality of input regions provided on the surface side and extending in parallel with each other;
- a plurality of CCD-type charge transfer paths of the second conductivity type for transferring the corresponding signal charge of the input region force, and adjacent to the surface side of the conversion layer, the charges generated in the conversion layer are A second conductivity type charge collection layer that is moved toward the input region; a plurality of second conductivity type charge accumulation portions extending from the charge collection layer to the individual input regions; and provided on the surface side, CCD type charge transfer path is filled Rare and first portion impurity concentration force extending along the CCD type charge transfer path First conductivity higher than the impurity concentration of the second
- a first conductivity type channel stop having a higher impurity concentration than the charge blocking region may be further provided between the CCD type charge transfer paths adjacent to each other.
- the impurity concentration of the photoelectric conversion layer in the portion corresponding to the charge blocking region is preferably higher than the impurity concentration in the corresponding portion of the photoelectric conversion layer in the input region.
- a potential gradient toward the input region is formed in the charge collection layer. This also improves the moving speed of the signal charge in the charge collection layer.
- a second conductivity type impurity may be further implanted into the surface of the portion corresponding to the charge blocking region.
- An impurity doped layer of the first conductivity type may be further provided in a portion corresponding to the charge blocking region.
- a directional potential gradient is formed in the input region in the charge collection layer, and the movement speed of the signal charge in the charge collection layer is improved.
- the impurity-doped layer is arranged in the column direction of the pixel when viewed from the incident direction of the incident line, and each of the impurity doped layers is directed toward the input region. It is preferable to have a plurality of partial forces that reduce the width in the column direction.
- the impurity-doped layer has a strip shape extending in the column direction of the pixels when viewed from the incident direction of the incident line.
- a second aspect of the present invention is a first conductive type conversion layer that is provided on the back side where incident lines are incident and converts the incident lines into signal charges, and a plurality of pixels that form a two-dimensional array.
- a plurality of second conductivity type input regions provided on the surface opposite to the back surface of each of the plurality of input regions, and each of the plurality of input regions provided on the surface side and extending in parallel with each other;
- a corresponding plurality of CCD-type charge transfer paths of the second conductivity type to which the input region force signal charges are transferred, and the charges generated in the conversion layer are provided adjacent to the surface side of the conversion layer.
- a second conductivity type charge collection layer moved toward the input region, a plurality of second conductivity type charge accumulation portions extending from the charge collection layer to the individual input regions, and provided on the surface side, and The CCD type charge transfer path And a fit written more charge blocking regions of the first conductivity type which impurity concentration of the photoelectric conversion layer in the portion corresponding to the charge blocking regions pair to said input region
- a backside illumination type image pickup device characterized by being higher in impurity concentration of the photoelectric conversion layer in a corresponding part.
- a first conductive type conversion layer that is provided on a back surface side on which incident lines are incident and converts the incident lines into signal charges, and a plurality of pixels that form a two-dimensional array.
- a plurality of second conductivity type input regions provided on the surface opposite to the back surface of each of the plurality of input regions, and each of the plurality of input regions provided on the surface side and extending in parallel with each other;
- a corresponding plurality of CCD-type charge transfer paths of the second conductivity type to which the input region force signal charges are transferred, and the charges generated in the conversion layer are provided adjacent to the surface side of the conversion layer.
- a second conductivity type charge collection layer moved toward the input region, a plurality of second conductivity type charge accumulation portions extending from the charge collection layer to the individual input regions, and provided on the surface side, and
- the speed at which the signal charge generated in the conversion layer moves through the charge collection layer can be improved, thereby improving the time resolution, that is, the imaging speed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a transmission electron microscope including a backside illumination type imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the backside illumination type imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present invention viewed from the incident direction (back side).
- FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV—IV in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V—V in FIG.
- FIG. 6 Sectional view along line VI-VI in Fig. 2.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a potential distribution at portion H in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a potential distribution along line C in FIG.
- FIG. 9A is a partial cross-sectional view showing the second implantation of the p-type impurity into the charge blocking region.
- FIG. 9B is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state after the second implantation of the p-type impurity is diffused.
- FIG. 10A Schematic diagram for explaining the manufacturing method of the backside illuminating type image sensor of the first embodiment.
- ⁇ 10B Schematic diagram for explaining the manufacturing method of the backside illuminating type image sensor of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10C is a schematic diagram for explaining the manufacturing method of the backside illuminated image sensor according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10D is a schematic diagram for explaining the manufacturing method of the backside illumination type image sensor of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 A partial cross-sectional view for explaining the manufacturing method of the backside illumination type imaging device of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram showing the impurity concentration distribution in the thickness direction in FIG.
- FIG. 17B is a diagram showing the impurity concentration distribution in the thickness direction in FIG.
- FIG. 17C is a diagram showing the impurity concentration distribution along the line XVII-XVII in FIG.
- FIG. 17D is a diagram showing an impurity concentration distribution along the line XVII′-XVII ′ in FIG.
- FIG. 18A is a diagram showing the impurity concentration distribution along the line xvm—xvm in FIG.
- FIG. 18B is a diagram showing an impurity concentration distribution along the line XVm′-XIVII ′ in FIG.
- FIG. 19A Partial cross-sectional view of a back-illuminated image sensor when the cut surface of the element is not treated
- FIG. 19B is a partial cross-sectional view of a back-illuminated image sensor when the cut surface of the element is doped with p-type impurities.
- FIG. 20 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a potential distribution in the thickness direction of a backside illumination type image sensor.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing a backside illumination type image pickup device of a second embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a backside illumination type imaging device according to a modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic view of the backside illumination type image pickup device according to the third embodiment viewed from the incident direction.
- FIG. 24 A sectional view taken along line XXIV—XXIV in FIG.
- FIG. 25 is a sectional view taken along line XXV—XXV in FIG.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic view of an incident direction force showing a back-illuminated image sensor according to a modification of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic view of a back-illuminated image sensor according to another modification of the third embodiment viewed from the incident direction.
- FIG. 28 is a sectional view taken along line XXVIII-XXVIII in FIG.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a high-speed imaging device including a back-illuminated element of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a schematic view showing an example of a conventional back-illuminated image sensor viewed from the incident direction.
- FIG. 31 is a sectional view taken along line XXXI—XXXI in FIG.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a potential distribution at a part E in FIG.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a potential distribution along line C in FIG. 32.
- FIG. 1 shows a back-side illuminated imaging device 1 of a pixel peripheral recording type according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the transmission electron microscope 2 provided is shown.
- This transmission electron microscope 2 irradiates a sample 5 from an electron gun 3 with an electron flow 4 (incident ray), and the transmitted electron flow 4 is applied to a phosphor screen 7 disposed on the light-receiving surface of the back-illuminated image sensor 1. Make an image.
- Light emitted from the fluorescent screen 7 enters the back-illuminated imaging device 1.
- 6A to 6C are magnetic lenses.
- the inside of the transmission electron microscope 2 in which the electron gun 3, the sample 5, the back-illuminated imaging device 1, and the magnetic lens 6 A to 6 C are arranged is maintained at a required vacuum degree by a vacuum pump 8.
- the output of the back-illuminated image sensor 1 is output to the controller 9 as an image signal.
- the controller 9 includes various elements including a memory, an image processing circuit, and the like, and a captured image is output from the controller 9 to the display device 10.
- a plurality of pixels 13 are two-dimensionally arranged on the incident surface (back surface) 11 of the back-illuminated image sensor 1.
- the incident surface (back surface) 11 of the back-illuminated image sensor 1 for simplicity, only 12 (4 rows ⁇ 3 columns) pixels 13 are shown! /, And the number of rows and columns of the pixels 13 need only be 2 or more. 2 and 3, the photoelectric conversion layer 15 and the charge collection layer 16 described later are not shown.
- a p-type photoelectric conversion layer 15 is provided on the incident surface 11 side of the chip 14.
- an n_ type charge collection layer 16 is provided adjacent to the surface 12 side of the photoelectric conversion layer 15.
- an n-type input region 17 is provided on the surface 12 side for each pixel 13.
- an n_ type charge accumulation unit 18 extending from the charge collection layer 16 to the input region 17 is provided.
- Each input area 17 is connected to a signal recording CCD 21 extending obliquely downward in FIG.
- One CCD (vertical readout CCD) 22 extending in the vertical direction (column direction) in the figure is provided for each column of each input region 17. Further, a drain line 23 is provided adjacent to each vertical readout CCD 22. Furthermore, a CCD (horizontal readout CCD 24) 24 extending in the horizontal direction (row direction) is provided in FIG.
- Each signal recording CCD 21 has one end connected to the corresponding input region 17 via an input gate (not shown) and the other end connected to the vertical readout CCD 22.
- the CCD 21 for signal recording one end of which is connected to the input area 17 constituting the same row
- the end merges with the vertical readout CCD 22 corresponding to the column.
- all the signal recording CCDs 21 connected to the input area 17 constituting the same column merge with the same vertical readout CCD 22.
- the element 25 b on the upstream side of the element 25 a that the signal recording CCD 21 joins is connected to the drain line 23 via the drain gate 26.
- the lower end of each vertical readout CCD 22 is connected to the horizontal readout CCD 24.
- the back-illuminated image sensor 1 during imaging executes continuous overwriting.
- signal charges are sequentially transferred from the input area 17 to the element 25 of the signal recording CCD 21 during imaging.
- the number assigned to each element 25 is a small V signal. This number indicates that the signal charge corresponds to the image.
- the signal charge is discharged from the element 25 labeled “1” to the drain line 23 via the drain gate 26 and input to the element 25 labeled “N”.
- Signal charge corresponding to the latest N + 1st image is input from area 17.
- the signal charges corresponding to the second to Nth images are sent to the element 25 on the downstream side one by one. Therefore, the signal charges corresponding to the images up to N + 1 in the second force are recorded in the signal recording CCD 21. This continuous overwriting is repeated during shooting.
- the signal recording CCD 21 and the vertical readout CCD 22 are embedded in a p-type charge blocking region 19 provided on the surface side of the chip 14.
- Two adjacent signal recording CCD21 A p + type channel stop 20 is provided between the signal recording CCD 21 and the vertical readout CCD 22.
- 27 is an electrode for driving the signal recording CCD 21
- 28 is an electrode for sending signal charges to the input region 18 force signal recording CCD 21.
- the concentration of the p-type impurity in the charge blocking region 19 is partially different. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9B, V is expressed as the concentration of the scattering point! / As shown in FIG. 9B, the p-type of the portion 19a extending along the signal recording CCD 21 and the vertical readout CCD 22 in the charge blocking region 19 Impurity concentration is the portion of the p-type impurity in 19b that extends along the gap between adjacent signal recording CCD21s or between the signal recording CCD21 and the vertical readout CCD (the portion that extends along the channel stop 20). Darker than.
- the thickness T1 of the portion 19a (the portion where the p-type impurity concentration is high) extending along the signal recording CCD 21 and the vertical readout CCD 22 of the charge blocking region 19 is adjacent to each other.
- Thickness T2 of part 19b (part with low p-type impurity concentration, part) extending along the gap between CCD21 and between signal recording CCD21 and vertical readout CCD. Therefore, as clearly shown in FIG. 4, when viewed in the cross-section of the pixel 13 in the row direction, the boundary between the charge blocking region 19 and the charge collection layer 16 has a sinusoidal shape and a wavy shape.
- the light A incident from the incident surface 11 reaches the photoelectric conversion layer 15 and generates a pair of electrons and holes.
- the electrons have a negative charge, so as shown by the dotted line B in FIG. 4, the electrons move to the n_ type charge collection layer 16, and further move horizontally in the charge collection layer 16 to cause n_ It collects in the type charge accumulation unit 18 and further accumulates in the n-type input region 25. Holes are continuously discharged out of the chip 14 through the p-type photoelectric conversion layer 15. Electrons accumulated in the input area 17, that is, signal charges, are sent to the signal recording CCD 21 as described above.
- FIG. As shown, the charge distribution in the n_ type charge collection layer 16 is almost uniform. Specifically, the potential distribution along the center line D of the charge collection layer 16 shown in FIG. 7 is almost flat as shown in FIG. In other words, the unevenness of the charge distribution (see FIGS. 32 and 33) is eliminated or reduced by setting the concentration of the p-type impurity in the charge blocking region 19 as described above. Therefore, the movement speed when electrons move through the charge collection layer 16 is high. Become.
- the portions of the charge blocking layer 19 corresponding to the signal recording CCD 21, the vertical readout CCD 22, and the drain line 23 are shaded. Further, a p-type impurity is further doped and diffused on the p-type layer. As a result, as represented by the density of scattered points in FIG.
- a silicon substrate 30 shown in FIG. 10A is prepared, and p-type and n_ type epitaxial layers 31, 32 are formed on the substrate 30 as shown in FIG. 10B.
- the p-type epitaxial layer 31 corresponds to the photoelectric conversion layer 15
- the n_-type epitaxial layer 32 corresponds to the charge collection layer 16.
- an input region 17, a charge accumulating unit 18, a charge blocking region 19, a signal recording CCD 21, a vertical reading CCD 22, and the like are formed in an n_ type epitaxial layer 32.
- electrodes 27 and 28 are formed.
- an n_ type epitaxial layer 32 is attached to the glass substrate 33.
- the glass substrate 33 is previously formed with electrodes for connection with an external circuit.
- the silicon substrate 30 is ground to expose the p-type epitaxial layer 31.
- FIGS. 17A to 18B are diagrams conceptually showing the impurity concentration distribution.
- the vertical axis indicates the position in the thickness direction (the origin is the surface 12 in FIG. 4), and the horizontal axis indicates the impurity concentration.
- the vertical orientations in FIGS. 11 to 16 are aligned with those in FIGS.
- epitaxial layers 31 and 32 are formed.
- a p-type impurity is implanted into the n_-type epitaxial layer 32 by ion doping to form a p-type region 35 as shown in FIGS. 12 and 17B (first p-type impurity implantation).
- the portion where the p-type region 35 is not formed in the entire thickness direction of the epitaxial layer 32 becomes the charge accumulation portion 18, and the n-type impurity is implanted into this portion to become the input region 17. .
- a p-type impurity is selectively implanted into the p-type region 35 (second p-type impurity implantation). Specifically, by using the mask schematically indicated by reference numeral 37 in FIG. 13, the signal recording CCD 21, the vertical readout CCD, and the region corresponding to the drain line 23 (part 19a) to be formed in a later step. The p-type impurity is introduced into the region (becomes the region 19b), and the p-type impurity is not introduced into the region corresponding to the channel stop 20 formed in the subsequent process (the region that becomes the portion 19b).
- the charge element region 19 in which the concentration of the p-type impurity in the portion 19a is higher than the concentration of the p-type impurity in the portion 19b is formed.
- the boundary between the charge collection layer 16 and the charge blocking region 19 is sinusoidal or wavy.
- the thickness of the charge blocking region 19 measured on the surface 12 side force is the portion 19a (corresponding to the signal recording CDD21, the vertical readout CCD22, and the drain line 23) and the portion 19b ( (Corresponding to the channel stop 20)) (the concentration of the p-type impurity in the portions 19a and 19b is different).
- an n-type impurity is implanted into the portion 19 a of the charge blocking region 19 by ion doping to form a signal recording CCD 21, a vertical readout CCD 22, and a drain line 23.
- a channel stop 20 is formed by introducing a p + -type impurity into the portion 19 a of the charge blocking region 19.
- 18A and 18B show that the impurity concentration distribution and the thickness of the charge blocking region 19 are different between the portion 19a corresponding to the signal recording CCD 21 in the charge blocking region 19 and the portion 19b corresponding to the channel stop 20. (Part 19a and part 19b have different p-type impurity concentrations).
- FIG. 19A shows a single back-illuminated imaging element after cutting. Indicates child 1.
- the p-type photoelectric conversion layer 15, the n-type charge collection layer 16, and the p-type charge blocking region 19 in order from the incident surface (back surface) 11 in the cut surface 302. are lined up. This p-n-p conductivity type arrangement in the cut surface 302 causes an undesirable behavior of electrons and holes in the back-side illuminated image sensor 1.
- the charge collection layer 16 (n-type) portion of the cut surface 302 is doped and diffused with a P-type impurity, and the conductivity type of this portion is changed to p-type. It is preferable to do this.
- the conductivity type of the cut surface 302 is p-type from the incident surface (back surface) 11 to the surface 12, so that the above-described favorable behavior of electrons and holes is not prevented. Can be suppressed.
- a region having a p-type conductivity type may be provided in advance in a portion corresponding to the cut surface 302 of the n_ type epitaxial layer 32 (see FIGS. 11 to 16).
- p-type and n_ type epitaxial layers 31, 32 are formed on a silicon substrate 30, and p-type impurities are further doped by ion doping.
- the p-type region 35 is formed by implanting into the _-type epitaxial layer 32.
- the boundary between the epitaxial layers 31 and 32 becomes unclear. More specifically, the potential of the epitaxial layer 31 (originally P-type) near this boundary tends to become negative due to the penetration of n-type impurities from the epitaxial layer 32.
- the boundary between the two becomes unclear due to the diffusion of impurities between the epitaxial layer 32 and the region 35.
- the epitaxial layer 32 (originally n_ type) near this boundary tends to have a positive potential due to the penetration of p-type impurities from the region 35.
- the epitaxial layer 32 and the region 35 are very thin as compared to the epitaxial layer 31. For example, when the thickness T1 of the epitaxial layer 31 is about 50 m, the thickness T2 of the epitaxy 32 and the thickness T3 of the region 35 are each only about 5 ⁇ m. Due to this difference in thickness, the influence of impurity diffusion becomes more prominent.
- the p-type epitaxial layer 31, the n-type epitaxial layer 32, and the p-type region 35 become the photoelectric conversion layer 15, the charge collection layer 16, and the charge blocking region 19, respectively. If the boundary between these becomes unclear, it causes undesired behavior of electrons and holes inside the back-illuminated image sensor 1.
- the concentration of the p-type impurity is gradually increased from the silicon substrate 30 side (back surface 11 side) to the front surface 12 side.
- the n-type impurity concentration is gradually increased from the region 35 side (back surface 11 side) to the front surface 12 side.
- FIG. 21 shows a back-illuminated image sensor 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a p-type region 151 is provided in the vicinity of the incident surface 11 at a portion corresponding to the charge blocking region 19 of the p-type photoelectric conversion layer 15.
- a potential gradient is formed in the input region 17 in the charge collection layer 16. This also improves the charge transfer speed in the charge collection layer 16.
- the epitaxial layers 31, 32 are formed on the substrate 30 (see FIG. 10), and then the incident surface 11 side cover is separated from the epitaxial layer 31. Then, a p-type impurity is implanted by ion doping into a region corresponding to the charge blocking region 19 (a region where the charge blocking region 19 is formed in a later step).
- Other configurations and operations of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 22 shows a modification of the second embodiment.
- the surface 12 side force with respect to the epitaxial layer 32 also corresponds to the charge accumulation portion 18 and the input region 17 (
- An n-type impurity is implanted by ion doping into a region where the charge accumulating portion 18 and the input region 17 are formed in a later process, and is diffused by thermal diffusion or the like.
- the portion corresponding to the input region 17 of the charge collection layer 16 is higher than the concentration of the n-type impurity in the portion corresponding to the charge blocking region 19 of the charge collection layer 16.
- the concentration of n-type impurities increases.
- the dotted line F indicates the boundary between the photoelectric conversion layer 15 (epitaxial layer 31) and the charge collection layer 16 (epitaxial layer 32) when n-type impurities are not implanted into the epitaxial layer 32. .
- FIG. 23 to FIG. 25 show a backside illuminating type imaging device 1 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- a p-type impurity doped layer 40 is also provided on the surface 12 side force of the chip 14 in a portion corresponding to the charge blocking region 19.
- the impurity doped layer 40 is composed of a plurality of portions 40 a arranged in the column direction of the pixels 13 when viewed from the incident direction force of the light A.
- the individual portions 40a are gradually narrower in the column direction of pixels toward the input region 17, and have a convex lens shape.
- Providing the impurity doped layer 40 also forms a counter potential gradient in the input region 17 in the charge collection layer 16 and improves the electron transfer speed in the charge collection layer 16. Further, since the shape of each portion of the impurity doped layer 40 viewed from the incident direction is the above-described convex lens shape, the charge generated in the photoelectric conversion layer 15 of each pixel 13 is directed to the corresponding input region 17. Move smoothly with force (see dotted arrow G in Figure 23).
- each portion 40a of the p-type impurity doped layer 40 may have a rhombus shape.
- the contour of the portion 40a in FIGS. 23 and 26 may be composed of fine lines and broken lines.
- each portion 40a of the impurity doped layer 40 may have a strip shape extending in the column direction of the pixels 13 when viewed from the incident direction of the light A. Further, the same effect can be obtained by forming an n-type impurity doped layer in a portion other than the impurity doped layer 40 corresponding to the impurity doped layer 40 on the surface side of the chip 14.
- an incident ray is a flow of charged particles such as electromagnetic waves other than light rays, ion holes other than electron rays, and radiation including ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, j8 rays, and neutron rays. May be.
- the incident line is radiation
- a scintillator may be disposed on the incident surface side of the image sensor, and the light generated by the scintillator may be incident on the image sensor depending on the intensity of the radiation.
- the signal charge may be a hole.
- the photoelectric conversion layer, the charge collection layer, the input region, the charge accumulation unit, the charge blocking region, and the conductivity type of the CCD are opposite to those in the above-described embodiment.
- the backside illumination type imaging device 1 can also be used for a high-speed video camera 100 as shown in FIG.
- the high-speed video camera 100 includes a lens 104 that forms visible light on the incident surface 11 and an amplifier 10 that amplifies the analog image signal output from the back-illuminated image sensor 101. 5.
- An AZD converter 106 that converts the amplified image signal into a digital signal and a main memory 107 that stores the digital image signal are provided.
- the image processing device 108 processes the image signal read from the main memory 107 and displays it on the display device 109.
- the controller 110 controls the operation of the entire video camera including the image sensor 101, the amplifier 105, and the AZD transformation 106.
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05785537A EP1796170B1 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2005-09-21 | Rear plane irradiation type image pickup element |
US11/663,263 US7518170B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2005-09-21 | Back illuminated imaging device |
HK07113419.9A HK1105046A1 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2007-12-10 | Rear plane irradiation type image pickup element |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004-273668 | 2004-09-21 | ||
JP2004273668 | 2004-09-21 |
Publications (1)
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WO2006033345A1 true WO2006033345A1 (ja) | 2006-03-30 |
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PCT/JP2005/017370 WO2006033345A1 (ja) | 2004-09-21 | 2005-09-21 | 裏面照射型撮像素子 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7518170B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1796170B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20070062982A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100580943C (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1105046A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006033345A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
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JP2008131169A (ja) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-06-05 | Shimadzu Corp | 撮像素子およびそれを用いた撮像装置 |
JP5394791B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-27 | 2014-01-22 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 裏面入射型固体撮像素子 |
GB201019216D0 (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2010-12-29 | E2V Tech Uk Ltd | Ccd |
CN106002826B (zh) * | 2016-07-11 | 2018-04-10 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 灯条组装装置以及利用其进行灯条组装的方法 |
EP4073840A1 (en) | 2019-12-12 | 2022-10-19 | Brolis Sensor Technology, UAB | Solid-state device |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS6028265A (ja) * | 1983-07-27 | 1985-02-13 | Canon Inc | 電荷転送デバイス |
JP2001345441A (ja) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-12-14 | Hideki Muto | 高速撮像素子及び高速撮影装置 |
JP2004235621A (ja) * | 2003-01-06 | 2004-08-19 | Koji Eto | 裏面照射型撮像素子 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4656519A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-04-07 | Rca Corporation | Back-illuminated CCD imagers of interline transfer type |
US4774557A (en) * | 1986-05-15 | 1988-09-27 | General Electric Company | Back-illuminated semiconductor imager with charge transfer devices in front surface well structure |
US7176972B2 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2007-02-13 | Link Research Corporation | Fast imaging device and fast photographing device |
EP1583149A4 (en) * | 2003-01-06 | 2010-04-14 | Takeharu Etoh | REAR-LIGHTED ILLUSTRATION DEVICE |
-
2005
- 2005-09-21 US US11/663,263 patent/US7518170B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-21 WO PCT/JP2005/017370 patent/WO2006033345A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-09-21 EP EP05785537A patent/EP1796170B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-09-21 CN CN200580038292A patent/CN100580943C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-21 KR KR1020077006277A patent/KR20070062982A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2007
- 2007-12-10 HK HK07113419.9A patent/HK1105046A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6028265A (ja) * | 1983-07-27 | 1985-02-13 | Canon Inc | 電荷転送デバイス |
JP2001345441A (ja) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-12-14 | Hideki Muto | 高速撮像素子及び高速撮影装置 |
JP2004235621A (ja) * | 2003-01-06 | 2004-08-19 | Koji Eto | 裏面照射型撮像素子 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1796170A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1796170B1 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
US7518170B2 (en) | 2009-04-14 |
CN100580943C (zh) | 2010-01-13 |
EP1796170A4 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
HK1105046A1 (en) | 2008-02-01 |
KR20070062982A (ko) | 2007-06-18 |
US20080149967A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
CN101057332A (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
EP1796170A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
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