WO2006033227A1 - 画像符号化装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2006033227A1 WO2006033227A1 PCT/JP2005/016211 JP2005016211W WO2006033227A1 WO 2006033227 A1 WO2006033227 A1 WO 2006033227A1 JP 2005016211 W JP2005016211 W JP 2005016211W WO 2006033227 A1 WO2006033227 A1 WO 2006033227A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/58—Motion compensation with long-term prediction, i.e. the reference frame for a current frame not being the temporally closest one
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/127—Prioritisation of hardware or computational resources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/172—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a picture, frame or field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/57—Motion estimation characterised by a search window with variable size or shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a moving image compression coding technique, and more particularly, to an image coding device that compresses and codes a plurality of moving images.
- MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group
- coding a compression coding standard
- ISOZlEC18818-2 MPEG4 visual standard
- MPEG4AVC Motion Picture Experts Group phase 4 Advanced Video Coding
- an image encoding device that encodes a plurality of moving images in parallel and transmits them over a network
- a plurality of systems of encoding processing means such as a frequency converter, a quantizer, and a variable length encoder are provided.
- an image coding device that controls the output bit rate of each video after coding and keeps the overall bit rate constant has been proposed. See Permissible Literature 1).
- This conventional image encoding apparatus that encodes a plurality of moving images in parallel converts an input video into a spatial domain force frequency domain with a frequency converter, and further a quantization coefficient with a quantizer. Is quantized according to the value, converted into a variable-length code by a variable-length encoder, and output, and the quantum according to the sum of the complexities of the input first video and second video. The output bit rate is controlled by determining the quantization coefficient and performing quantization.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-512417
- the above-described conventional image encoding apparatus that encodes a plurality of moving images in parallel has the same number of coding means as the number of input moving images, the number of input moving images is constant. It is suitable for a certain form of use.
- a usage mode of the image encoding device there may be a usage mode in which the number of input moving images is not always constant.
- an image encoding device is incorporated in a television broadcast receiving device or the like and receives several videos selected by the user in parallel from videos that are broadcast on multiple channels.
- the image encoding device is used in such a manner that it is encoded and stored in a recording medium such as an optical disk.
- the above-described conventional image encoding device has the same number of codes as the maximum number of moving images that are allowed to be input.
- the dredging means will be built in beforehand. However, if the user inputs a number of moving pictures less than the maximum number, some code input means are not used and become extra. This is not preferable from the viewpoint of efficient use of internal circuits constituting the image encoding device.
- the present invention has been made in view of the problem, and performs an encoding process corresponding to an input of an arbitrary number of moving images by effectively utilizing a finite number of encoding means.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an image encoding device.
- an image encoding device is an image encoding device that performs code encoding processing including motion prediction processing in order to compress a moving image.
- motion prediction processing method specifying means for specifying the amount of calculation to decrease as the number increases, and encoding for the moving picture acquired by the moving picture acquisition means
- the calculation amount means the processing amount of the encoding process required for one moving image for the circuit responsible for the encoding process.
- a large amount of calculation means that it takes time to complete the processing. Or It means to be strong.
- the circuit responsible for the encoding process implements the encoding process by a processor that executes software
- the amount of calculation is the number of instructions of the instruction or the instruction execution time for realizing the encoding process. means.
- the image encoding device adjusts the amount of calculation required for the encoding process according to the number of videos to be encoded in parallel, thereby encoding means. It is possible to perform sign key processing corresponding to the input of an arbitrary number of moving images by effectively utilizing.
- the image encoding device encodes, for example, one moving image in order to reduce the amount of calculation required for motion prediction processing per moving image when the number of moving images to be encoded is large.
- the amount of computation required to perform this operation and the total amount of computation required to encode a plurality of moving images can be suppressed to a certain level.
- the motion prediction process requires a higher amount of calculation in the encoding process than other processes in practice, and reducing the amount of calculation in the motion prediction process reduces the amount of calculation in the sign process. A big influence.
- this image encoding device cannot be said to have a possibility of deteriorating the compression rate or image quality because of the suppression of the calculation amount, it is a code that does not particularly increase the device cost. ⁇ Regardless of the number of target videos, it is possible to perform signing at the same time, and there is a more useful effect that it is possible to finish signing of all videos in a certain amount of time. .
- a method for preventing the deterioration of image quality a method for reducing the quantization step size related to the quantization process in the encoding process can be employed.
- the motion prediction processing method specifying means has a relationship in which each numerical value and each parameter for specifying the processing method of the motion prediction processing have a relationship in which the calculation amount of the motion prediction processing decreases as the number increases.
- a motion prediction process is performed by previously storing a correlated table and transmitting a parameter in the table corresponding to the number acquired by the number acquisition unit to the motion prediction unit.
- the motion prediction unit may perform the motion prediction process using the specified processing method based on the parameter transmitted by the motion prediction processing method specifying means.
- the motion prediction processing method can be varied according to the number of moving images to be encoded. It should be noted that the processing method can be specified so that the total amount of computation required for motion prediction processing for each video is within a certain range, regardless of the number of videos to be encoded. The table is adjusted! In other words, even if the number of videos to be encoded is two or three, it is possible to appropriately perform the encoding of each video in parallel.
- the motion prediction processing method specifying means increases the number of processing methods related to the upper limit value of the number of reference image frames in the motion prediction processing according to the number acquired by the number acquisition means.
- the motion prediction unit specifies the motion prediction processing method for each processing target block in each motion prediction processing target image frame in the motion prediction processing process.
- the motion vector may be searched from a number of reference image frames not exceeding the upper limit value of the number of reference image frames in the processing method specified by the means.
- the moving image is composed of a plurality of image frames
- the motion prediction process performs a reference image block having a high degree of similarity in the reference image frame with respect to each processing target block obtained by dividing each image frame.
- the obtained data follows the motion prediction process. It is used in the encoding process step.
- the image encoding device has a large number of moving images to be encoded.
- the number depends on the number of reference image frames where the reference block is located.
- the amount of computation required to search for a reference block having a high degree of similarity with each processing target block in the image frame is reduced.
- the finite computation processing capability of the image encoding device is reduced. Effective use makes it possible to sign any number of videos simultaneously.
- the motion prediction processing method specifying means is adapted to detect a motion vector in the motion prediction process.
- the processing method related to the search range is specified so that the search range becomes narrower as the number increases according to the number acquired by the number acquisition means, and the motion prediction unit is the target of the motion prediction processing target.
- a motion vector indicating the reference image block may be determined by searching the block.
- the motion prediction processing method specifying means determines the processing method related to the various shape patterns of the reference image block in the motion prediction processing according to the number acquired by the number acquisition means as the number increases.
- the motion prediction unit specifies various shape patterns in the processing method specified by the motion prediction processing method specifying means for each processing target block in each image frame that is a motion prediction processing target. It is also possible to search for a reference block in the reference image frame by using, and search for a reference image block similar to the processing target block to determine a motion vector indicating the reference image block.
- the moving image acquisition unit acquires a new moving image even during the encoding process by the encoding unit
- the number acquisition unit determines the number of moving images to be encoded during the encoding process by the encoding unit.
- the motion prediction processing method specifying means may specify the processing method of motion prediction processing each time the number of moving images is acquired by the number acquisition means.
- the moving image acquisition means acquires a plurality of moving images to be encoded
- the image encoding device further receives capability information indicating arithmetic processing capability from an external device capable of executing encoding processing.
- Transmitting means for transmitting to the external device the number of moving pictures determined by the number, the motion prediction processing method specifying means includes the number acquired by the number acquiring means and the number determined by the determining means. Depending on the difference, the motion prediction processing method should be specified so that the amount of computation decreases as the difference increases.
- the determination means determines the processing method of the motion prediction process in the encoding process that requests execution from the external device based on the capability information, and the encoding process that requests execution.
- the transmission means may further transmit information indicating the motion prediction processing method determined by the determination means to the external device.
- a plurality of devices can appropriately encode and process a plurality of moving images.
- the image encoding device further specifies the quantum step size so that the quantum step size decreases as the number increases according to the number acquired by the number acquisition unit.
- a quantization unit that quantizes the difference data obtained as a result of the motion prediction process with the quantization step size specified by the quantization step size specification unit. You may have.
- An image encoding apparatus is an image encoding apparatus that performs encoding processing to compress a moving image, and includes a number acquisition unit that acquires the number of moving images to be encoded, and encoding Depending on the number acquired by the number acquisition means, the number of video acquisition means for acquiring one or more target videos and the processing method of the encoding processing that affects the amount of computation of the encoding process are large.
- the amount of computation required for the code processing for each moving image is adjusted according to the number of moving images to be encoded in parallel. It is possible to code any number of moving images at the same time by effectively utilizing.
- the processing method specifying means associates each numerical value and each parameter for specifying the processing method of the encoding process with a relationship in which the amount of calculation of the code processing decreases as the number increases.
- the table is stored in advance, and a storage unit is provided, and a parameter in the table corresponding to the number acquired by the number acquisition unit is transmitted to the encoding means, thereby encoding processing.
- the encoding means may perform the encoding process using the specified processing method based on the parameter transmitted by the processing method specifying means.
- the processing method of the code processing can be specified using a table that has been appropriately adjusted in advance by experiments or the like, so that the processing method is specified by performing calculation processing or the like as necessary.
- the processing method of the encoding process can be changed according to the number of moving images to be encoded at high speed and preferably. It should be noted that the processing method can be specified so that the total amount of calculation required for the code processing for each video is within a certain range, regardless of the number of video to be encoded. If the table is adjusted, it is possible to appropriately perform the encoding of each moving image in parallel regardless of whether the number of moving images to be encoded is two or three.
- the encoding means may include one of the moving images to be processed as a part of the encoding process.
- An intra-encoding unit that performs intra-frame intra-frame code processing on a part or all of the image frames, and the processing scheme specifying means includes a processing scheme relating to a direction for searching for a predicted value in intra-frame encoding, In accordance with the number acquired by the number acquisition means, the number of directions to be searched is specified to decrease as the number increases, and the intra code key unit for each processing target block in the image frame It is also possible to search for a predicted value that is most similar to the image data of the processing target block along each of the search directions for the predicted value in the processing method specified by the processing method specifying means.
- the intra-frame encoding process is a predicted value that most closely resembles the image data of the processing target block among the predicted values calculated based on blocks in a predetermined direction within the same image frame as the processing target block.
- the processing method specifying means determines whether the processing method relating to whether or not to use inter-frame image coding is an image if the number is less than a predetermined number according to the number acquired by the number acquisition means. If interframe coding is used and the number is equal to or greater than a predetermined number, it is specified not to use interframe image coding, and the encoding means specifies that the processing method specified by the processing method specifying means is an image frame. If the processing method uses inter-coding, inter-frame coding and intra-frame coding are performed on the moving image to be encoded, and the processing method specified by the processing method specifying means is the inter-image frame. If it is a processing method that does not use encoding! / ⁇ , it is also possible to perform intra-frame coding without performing inter-frame coding on the moving image to be encoded.
- the encoding means includes a variable length encoding unit that performs variable length encoding processing as part of the encoding processing
- the processing method specifying means includes the processing method related to variable length encoding, In accordance with the number obtained by the number obtaining means, if the number is less than a predetermined number, the calculation code is used, and if the number is equal to or more than the predetermined number, the arithmetic code is not used. If the processing method specified by the processing method specifying means uses an arithmetic code ⁇ , the variable length encoding unit performs variable length encoding using the arithmetic code ⁇ and specifies the processing method specifying means by the processing method specifying means. If the processed processing method does not use arithmetic code coding, arithmetic coding is not performed, and variable length code processing is performed based on a reference table for a predetermined codeword. Well ...
- variable-length code ⁇ is performed based on the table without using the arithmetic code ⁇ , which is generally considered to have a high amount of computation when the number is large, and as a result, the number of arbitrary numbers can be reduced. It is possible to simultaneously sign the moving images.
- the moving image acquisition unit acquires a new moving image even during the encoding process by the encoding unit
- the number acquisition unit determines the number of moving images to be encoded during the encoding process by the encoding unit.
- the processing method specifying means may specify the processing method of the encoding process each time the number of moving images is acquired by the number acquisition means.
- the moving image acquisition means acquires a plurality of moving images to be encoded
- the image encoding device further receives capability information indicating arithmetic processing capability from an external device capable of executing encoding processing.
- the processing method of the encoding process may be specified so that the calculation amount decreases as the difference increases.
- the image encoding apparatus further includes image quality information acquisition means for acquiring image quality information indicating required image quality, and the processing method specifying means acquires the processing method of encoding processing by the number acquisition means.
- the number may be specified according to the number of images and the image quality information acquired by the image quality information acquisition means.
- the quantization step size is reduced and the request is met, so that it is possible to perform coding according to the required image quality.
- the image encoding device further includes a decoding unit that decodes a compressed video by sharing a part of the circuit with the encoding unit, and the processing method specifying unit is further decoded by the decoding unit.
- the coding method may be specified so that the amount of computation decreases as the amount of moving images increases! ,.
- the image encoding method is an image encoding method that performs an encoding process including a motion prediction process in order to compress a moving image, and the number acquisition step of acquiring the number of encoding target moving images.
- the number of videos acquired in the number acquisition step is set as a video acquisition step for acquiring one or a plurality of videos to be encoded and a motion prediction processing method that affects the calculation amount of the motion prediction processing. Accordingly, the motion prediction processing method specifying step for specifying the calculation amount to decrease as the number increases, and the encoding processing is performed on the video acquired by the video acquisition step!
- the encoding step of performing time-division encoding processing for each moving image specifies the motion prediction processing method as part of the encoding processing. Characterized in that it comprises a motion estimation sub-step of performing motion prediction processing by the processing method specified by Tetsu flop.
- the image encoding method according to the present invention performs an encoding process to compress a moving image.
- a video acquisition step for acquiring one or a plurality of videos to be encoded and a processing method of the encoding process that affects the amount of computation of the encoding process
- the processing method specifying step for specifying the calculation amount to decrease as the number increases, and the processing method specified by the processing method specifying step,
- an encoding step of performing encoding processing in a time division manner for each moving image is included.
- the amount of calculation required for the encoding process is adjusted according to the number of moving images to be encoded in parallel.
- the sign can be obtained by the calculation processing of the calculation amount of the range.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an image encoding device 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration and example contents of a motion prediction processing method table.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration and an example of contents of an intra code key processing method table.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing processing method specifying processing by a processing method specifying unit 130.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a code key process by the code key unit 140.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an image encoding device 200.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of an image coding system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a request process performed by the image encoding device 300. Explanation of symbols
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an image encoding device 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the image encoding device 100 includes a number acquisition unit 110, a moving image acquisition unit 120, a processing method specifying unit 130, and an encoding unit 140, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 also shows a recording medium 150 such as an optical disk for storing data output by the image coding apparatus 100 performing code coding processing on a moving image.
- the moving image is also used as a term indicating moving image data including an image frame expressing the image content displayed at the time of reproduction.
- the number acquisition unit 110 is an input interface that receives an input of the number of moving images to be encoded by the external force of the image encoding device 100 and transmits the input to the processing method specifying unit 130.
- the moving image acquisition unit 120 is a moving image input interface, and is referred to as a first buffer, a second buffer, ..., an Nth buffer having a capacity capable of storing a predetermined number of image frames constituting the moving image. It has multiple nother memories, and the external force of the image encoding device 100 is also the target of encoding. It is responsible for receiving the input of one or more moving images and storing each moving image in each internal buffer memory. . Since the moving image is so-called stream data, if the total amount of moving image data is large, the moving image can be obtained even while a part of the code is being processed by the image encoding device 100. It is continuously acquired by the part 120.
- the processing method specifying unit 130 is realized by a memory and a processor, and includes, as functional components, a motion prediction processing method specifying unit 131, an intra coding processing method specifying unit 132, a quantization step size specifying unit 133, and A variable-length encoding processing method specifying unit 134 is provided to specify the processing method of the encoding process in the encoding unit 140 according to the number transmitted from the number acquisition unit 110 and to encode a parameter indicating the processing method. It has a function to transmit to the conversion unit 140.
- the encoding unit 140 is realized by a memory, each circuit group responsible for each part of the encoding process, and a control processor that controls each circuit group.
- the encoding unit 140, the motion prediction unit 142, and the intra It has an encoding unit 143, a frequency conversion unit 144, a quantization unit 145, a variable length encoding unit 146, and an output unit 147.
- the moving image is read from the buffer memory of the moving image acquisition unit 120, encoded, and recorded on the recording medium 150. Has the function of recording.
- this coding is performed in conformity with the MPEG4AVC standard.
- the motion prediction processing method specifying unit 131 of the processing method specifying unit 130 has a motion prediction processing method table that is an area of the memory, and is transmitted from the number acquisition unit 110 based on the motion prediction processing method table. Depending on the number of lines, the motion prediction unit 142 has a function of specifying a processing method for motion prediction processing.
- the motion prediction method table will be described in detail later.
- the intra code key processing method specifying unit 132 has an intra code key processing method table that is one area of the memory. Based on the intra code key processing method table, the number acquisition unit 110 also determines the number of powers to be transmitted. Accordingly, it has a function of specifying the processing method of the intra code key processing performed by the intra code key unit 143.
- the intra coding scheme table will be described in detail later.
- the quantization step size specifying unit 133 is based on the number transmitted from the number acquiring unit 110.
- the quantization unit 145 has a function of calculating a quantum step size used for quantization.
- This predetermined operation is a predetermined operation so that the quantization step size decreases as the number increases, and when the number is 1, the conventional practical image coding apparatus is used. This is a calculation determined to have a quantization step size equivalent to
- variable-length encoding processing method specifying unit 134 has a function of specifying a variable-length encoding processing method based on the number transmitted from the number acquisition unit 110.
- this function uses a method that performs sign coding based on a pre-established table of events and codewords assuming the statistics of events to be variable-length coded, or further compresses them. It is a function that specifies whether to use a method called arithmetic coding that performs code decision while dynamically determining the code word by arithmetic operation based on past event occurrence probability when encoding to increase the rate .
- the video selection unit 141 of the encoding unit 140 acquires the number of videos to be encoded via the processing method specifying unit 130, and the number of videos of the video acquisition unit 120 corresponding to the number of videos to be encoded.
- the moving image is read cyclically from the buffer memory every predetermined time, and each moving image is assumed to be a series of digitized image frames, and the image frame group constituting each moving image is moved to the motion prediction unit 142 or the intra code.
- This is a circuit having a function of starting code encoding processing in a time division manner for each moving image by transmitting to the key section 143.
- the time division processing switches the moving images to be read from the buffer memory alternately for each image frame, and sequentially converts the moving images to be read in units of macro blocks. This is realized by transmitting the data in units of blocks of a predetermined size to the motion prediction unit 142 or the intra code unit 143.
- the motion prediction unit 142 can access the buffer memory of the video acquisition unit 120 for each video, receives a parameter indicating the specified motion prediction processing method from the motion prediction processing method specification unit 131, and performs the processing
- This is a circuit having a function of executing motion prediction processing in units of blocks of a predetermined size for a moving image frame selected by the moving image selection unit 141 according to a method.
- the motion prediction process is a so-called inter-frame code process, For each block, a block in another image frame (hereinafter referred to as “reference block”) having a high degree of similarity to the block (hereinafter referred to as “processing target block”) is searched, and the reference block In the process of calculating the motion vector indicating the position, calculating difference data that is the difference value of the image data between the processing target block and the reference block of the search result, and transmitting the difference data to the frequency converter 144. is there.
- the high similarity between the image data of the processing target block and the reference block means that the distribution tendency of the image data of both blocks is similar, and the similarity is the highest when the image data of both blocks match. Is expensive.
- Intra coding unit 143 receives a parameter indicating the processing method of the specified intra coding process from intra coding processing method specifying unit 132, and selects the moving image selection unit 141 according to the processing method.
- This is a circuit having a function of executing an intra code processing for a block of a predetermined size in the image frame of the moving image.
- the intra coding process is a process of so-called image frame coding, and for each block in the image frame, the image data of the block and some predetermined areas around the same image frame are determined. Searches for the predicted value that is most similar to the predicted value based on the direction block, calculates the difference data that is the difference between the image data and the predicted value, and transmits the difference data to the frequency converter 144. It is processing to do.
- the frequency conversion unit 144 reduces the numerical value constituting the difference data by reducing the spatial redundancy of the difference data transmitted from the motion prediction unit 142 or the intra code base unit 143 to a small value.
- This is a circuit having a function of performing orthogonal transformation and transmitting the result of the orthogonal transformation to the quantization unit 145.
- the quantization unit 145 obtains the difference data after being orthogonally transformed by the frequency conversion unit 144, and suppresses the numerical values constituting the difference data to a smaller one.
- the quantization step size specifying unit 133 This is a circuit having a function of performing quantization by rounding the result obtained by dividing by the quantization step size specified in (1) to an integer value and transmitting the result of quantization to the variable-length encoding unit 146.
- variable-length code unit 146 obtains data resulting from the quantization performed by the quantization unit 145, and further compresses the amount of data by expressing information with a higher appearance frequency with a shorter code. You This is a circuit having a function of performing variable-length encoding on the acquired data by the processing method specified by the variable-length encoding processing method specifying unit 134 and transmitting the result to the output unit 147.
- the output unit 147 is a circuit having a function of discriminating the data after encoding transmitted from the variable length encoding unit 146 for each moving image and recording it on the recording medium 150.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration and example contents of the motion prediction processing method table.
- the motion prediction processing method table included in the motion prediction processing method specifying unit 131 includes the number of moving images 51, the reference image frame number upper limit 52, the reference image block search range 53, the search pattern 54, and the like. It is the table which matched. Note that the number 51 of moving images takes a value from 1 to N in advance, for example, 4 pieces.
- the reference image frame number upper limit 52 indicates the maximum number allowed as the number of image frames referred to by the processing target block in a certain image frame in the motion prediction process.
- the reference image block search range 53 indicates a search range to which a search is made based on the position of the processing target block based on the position where the reference image block is searched with a high degree of similarity to a certain processing target block.
- the search pattern 54 indicates the size and shape of the processing target block and the reference image block.
- the search pattern 54 is a pattern of 16 pixels in width X 16 pixels in height, 16 pixels in width X 8 in height. Pixel pattern, width 8 pixels X height 16 pixels pattern, width 8 pixels X height 8 pixels pattern, width 8 pixels X height 4 pixels pattern, width 4 pixels X height 8 pixels pattern, width Indicates which of the 7 patterns of 4 pixels X height 4 pixels is used to search for the reference image block.
- the upper limit is two reference image frames
- the search range of the reference image block is based on the processing target block. It is possible to specify a motion prediction processing method that can range from 15 pixels to +15 pixels, and can apply all seven patterns as a combination of search pattern size and shape.
- the search range of the reference image block is 15 pixels to +15 pixels based on the block to be processed, and the search pattern size and As a set of shapes, a pattern of width 16 pixels X height 16 pixels and width 16 pixels X height 8 pixels pattern and width 8 pixels X height 16 pixels pattern and width 8 pixels X height 8 pixels pattern 4 It is possible to specify the motion prediction processing method that can apply the pattern.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration and an example of contents of an intra code key processing method table.
- the intra encoding processing method table included in the intra encoding processing method specifying unit 132 is a table in which the number of moving images 61 is associated with the prediction direction 62 and the like, as shown in FIG. Note that the number of moving images 61 takes a value from 1 to N in advance, for example, 4 movies.
- the prediction direction 62 indicates the upper limit of the direction in which a prediction value is obtained for a block in a certain image frame in the intra code processing. This direction is any force in 9 directions from prediction mode 0 to prediction mode 8 for a block of 4 pixels wide x 4 pixels high.
- prediction mode 0 in which the value of the upper block is set as the prediction value
- prediction mode 1 in which the value of the block in the left direction is set as the prediction value
- Prediction mode 2 45 degree direction using the upper block value and the upper right block value for the prediction target block
- Prediction mode 3 in which prediction values are determined in the prediction mode.
- Prediction mode 4 in which prediction values are determined in the direction of 135 degrees using the value of the block in the upward direction and the value of the block in the left direction for the block to be predicted.
- Prediction mode 5 that determines the predicted value in the direction
- prediction mode 6 that determines the predicted value in the direction of about 158 degrees
- Prediction mode 7 that determines the predicted value in the direction of about 68 degrees
- Prediction that determines the predicted value in the direction of about 203 degrees Inside mode 8 Et prediction direction 6 2 is selected.
- the image encoding device 100 accepts input of a moving image to be encoded and the number of moving images through an input interface, and the processing method specifying unit 130 performs encoding based on the number of moving images.
- a processing method specifying process for specifying the processing method of the processing is executed, and an encoding process for each moving image is executed by the encoding unit 140 according to the result.
- the processing method identification unit 130 first obtains the number of moving images to be encoded from the number acquisition unit 110 (step S11), and the motion prediction processing method identification unit 131 uses the motion prediction processing method table. Then, each parameter indicating the motion prediction processing method is identified according to the number (step S12), and the intra coding processing method specifying unit 132 performs intra coding according to the number based on the intra coding processing method table. A parameter indicating the processing method is specified (step S13).
- the processing method specifying unit 130 calculates a quantization step size by performing a predetermined calculation according to the number of lines by the quantization step size specifying unit 133 (step S14), and performs variable length coding processing.
- the method specifying unit 134 compares the number with a predetermined threshold value set in advance as, for example, 2 (step S15), and if the number is less than the threshold value, the variable length code code is used so that arithmetic coding is used.
- the parameter indicating the processing method of ⁇ is identified (step S16), and the parameter indicating the processing method of variable-length code ⁇ is specified so that the arithmetic code ⁇ is not used if the number is greater than or equal to the threshold (step S 17), each parameter indicating the number, the motion prediction processing method, the parameter indicating the intra coding processing method, the quantization step size, and the parameter indicating the variable length code processing method.
- Goi radical 21 140 is transmitted to (step S 18), it ends the processing method specifying process.
- processing method specifying process basically, the processing method is specified such that the larger the number of moving images to be encoded, the smaller the processing amount of the encoding process.
- the quantization step size related to quantization becomes smaller as the number of moving images to be encoded increases, and as a result, the amount of quantization processing increases.
- the amount of quantization processing compared to motion prediction processing for example, the amount of computation when executed by a processor is sufficiently small in the practical range, and the above processing method specification
- the image quality tends to deteriorate.
- the image quality deterioration due to quantization should be kept small.
- the quantization step size is reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the sign key processing by the sign key unit 140.
- the operation of the sign key unit 140 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the video selection unit 141 of the code unit 140 sequentially acquires the number of videos from the outside by the video acquisition unit 120 and temporarily accumulates them.
- the moving image is switched for each image frame and sequentially read from each buffer memory (step S21).
- the encoding unit 140 determines whether the moving image frame read by the moving image selection unit 141 is an image frame subject to only intra coding processing or motion. It is determined whether the image frame can be the target of the prediction process (step S22). If the image frame is the target of only the intra-encoding process, it follows the parameters specified by the intra-encoding process specification unit 132. Intra coding is performed by finding the optimal prediction value for each block in the image frame within the range of the prediction direction and obtaining difference data that is the difference between the image data of that block and the prediction value. This is performed by the sign key unit 143 (step S23).
- step S22 If it is determined in step S22 that the image frame is a target of only the intra coding process! /, The parameter specified by the motion prediction processing method specifying unit 131 is followed.
- the processing target block reference image frames equal to or less than the upper limit number indicated by the parameter are referred to, and the search range power of the reference image block within the reference image frame indicated by the parameter is also searched for the reference block.
- the search pattern used for searching the reference block among the processing target blocks has the shape and size indicated by the parameter, and a reference image block having a high similarity to the processing target block is searched for, and A motion vector indicating the position of the reference image block is obtained, and difference data that is the difference between the image data of the reference image block and the processing target block is obtained.
- the motion prediction process is performed by the motion prediction unit 142 (step S24).
- the reference image frame When referring to a plurality of image frame forces for an image block, the difference between the average value of the image data for the reference image block searched from each image frame and the image data of the processing target block is obtained as difference data.
- step S23 or step S24 the frequency conversion unit 144 of the sign key unit 140 performs orthogonal transformation on the obtained difference data (step S25), and the resultant data is
- the quantization unit 145 performs quantization with the quantum step size specified by the quantization step size specifying unit 133 (step S26).
- variable length coding unit 146 uses the or without arithmetic code ⁇ depending on the parameters specified by the variable length coding processing method specifying unit 134. According to the data, the variable length code is input (Step S27), and the data after the variable length encoding is recorded on the recording medium 150 by the output unit 147 for each moving image (Step S28). As a result, the encoding process for one image frame is completed (steps S22 to S28).
- each process (steps S22 to S28) in the sign process shown in FIG. 5 is realized by pipeline processing in units of blocks.
- the image quality acquisition unit 211 is an input interface having a function of acquiring image quality information indicating the image quality input by the user or the like and transmitting it to the processing method specifying unit 230.
- the image quality information is, for example, numerical information that expresses the height of the image quality as a number.
- the processing method specifying unit 230 includes a motion prediction processing method specifying unit 131, an intra coding processing method specifying unit 132, a quantization step size specifying unit 233, and a variable length coding processing method specifying unit 134.
- the quantization step size is specified reflecting the image quality information acquired by the image quality acquisition unit 211, and the quantization unit 145 performs quantization with the quantization step size. Therefore, the encoding with the required image quality is performed.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of an image coding system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- This image coding system is a system that performs coding processing on a moving image by a plurality of image coding devices.
- the encoding apparatus 300 and the image encoding apparatus 400 are configured.
- the same components as those of the image encoding device 100 shown in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIG. These are explained in detail here!
- the image encoding device 300 obtains information indicating the number of moving images and the moving image from the outside, and makes the image encoding device 400 share the encoding processing for a part of the moving images. And a number acquisition unit 110, a moving image acquisition unit 120, a processing method specifying unit 130, an encoding unit 140, and a processing amount management unit 301.
- the image encoding device 400 includes a processing method specifying unit 130, an encoding unit 140, and a processing amount management unit 402.
- the image encoding device 300 encodes the remaining number of moving images, and has a function of transmitting the remaining number to the processing method specifying unit 130 in the image encoding device 300.
- the processing amount management unit 402 of the image encoding device 400 has a memory in which processing amount information indicating the processing capability of the own device is stored in advance, and the image encoding device 300 inquires about the processing capability.
- the image encoding device 300 inquires about the processing capability.
- the processing amount information indicating the processing capability stored in the image encoding device 300 and the image encoding device 400 described above is, for example, a predetermined value used when encoding one moving image. If the encoding method is uniformly applied to perform encoding, It is sometimes expressed as the number of videos that can be signed.
- the image coding device 300 encodes some of the moving image codes. Requests the key device 400 to execute a request process for encoding the remaining video in the own device.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a request process performed by the image encoding device 300.
- the operation of the image encoding device 300 and the operation of the image encoding device 400 in response thereto will be described with reference to FIG.
- the image encoding device 300 inquires about the processing capability of the image encoding device 400 connected to the network, and in response thereto, the processing amount information transmitted by the image encoding device 400 is received. Receive (step S31).
- the processing amount management unit 301 of the image encoding device 300 obtains a ratio of the processing capability value indicated by the received processing amount information to the processing capability value indicated by the processing amount information of the own device, and the ratio.
- the number closest to the value obtained by multiplying the number acquired by the number acquisition unit 110 is determined as the requested number (step S32), and the requested number is transmitted to the image encoding device 400 to request encoding. (Step S33).
- the requested number is received by the image encoding device 400, and the processing method specifying unit 130 in the image encoding device 400 determines each processing method of the encoding process according to the requested number. Identify.
- the encoding unit 140 in the image encoding device 400 receives the requested number of moving images from the image encoding device 300, and processes each received moving image in a time-sharing manner. The encoding process is executed according to the processing method specified by the specifying unit 130.
- the processing amount management unit 301 of the image encoding device 300 sets the number of images, which is the difference between the number acquired by the number acquisition unit 110 and the requested number, in the image encoding device 300.
- the processing is transmitted to the processing method specifying unit 130 and the request process is terminated (step S34).
- the processing method specifying unit 130 of the image encoding device 300 performs encoding according to the difference.
- Each processing method is specified, and image coding is performed according to each processing method.
- the sign key unit 140 of the sign key device 300 performs sign key processing for the number of moving images corresponding to the difference.
- the image coding apparatus according to the present invention can be modified as described below based on Embodiments 1 and 2, and the present invention is limited to the image coding apparatus described in the above embodiment. Of course.
- the image encoding device shown in Embodiments 1 and 2 records the encoded moving image on the recording medium 150.
- the recording medium 150 is a CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory). ), DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), BD (Blu-ray Disk) and other optical disks, but may be a hard disk, memory card, or the like.
- the output unit 147 of the image encoding device may send each encoded video to the network instead of recording on the recording medium.
- Embodiments 1 and 2 has the power to perform coding in conformity with the MPEG4AVC standard.
- the scope of application of the present invention is not particularly limited to a specific standard.
- the processing method identification unit of the image coding device shown in the first and second embodiments includes a motion prediction processing method, an intra coding processing method, and a quantization processing method related to a quantization step size.
- a motion prediction processing method for example, if the number of moving images to be encoded is equal to or greater than a predetermined number such as 3 etc. It is also possible to specify whether or not to execute the motion prediction processing so that only the intra code processing is performed without performing the motion prediction processing. Processing of the encoding processing not exemplified in Embodiments 1 and 2 You can change the system according to the number of videos to be encoded!
- the processing method identification unit in the image coding apparatus shown in Embodiments 1 and 2 has a motion prediction method table and an intra coding processing method table, and the motion in the coding process using these tables.
- a parameter indicating each processing method may be specified by calculation based on a predetermined calculation formula.
- the quantization step size specifying unit 233 of the image encoding device shown in the modification of the first embodiment specifies the quantization step size based on the image quality information indicating the required image quality and the number. However, the quantization step size may be specified based on only the image quality information without depending on the number.
- the processing method specifying unit in the image encoding apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 and the like in Embodiments 1 and 2 has specific contents for specifying the processing method according to the number. This is merely an example, and may be modified depending on the circuit configuration, processing performance, etc. of the sign key section.
- the processing speed of the encoding process executed by each circuit of the encoding unit is almost constant regardless of the number of moving images to be encoded.
- the processing method is specified so that the processing method is specified so that the table and the arithmetic expression used in the processing method specification section are determined based on experiments or theoretical calculations! I want it.
- Each functional unit constituting the code unit in the image coding apparatus shown in Embodiments 1 and 2 is not limited to a circuit that only has hardware capability, and the function is achieved by executing software including software.
- a processor that executes software may be provided for each functional unit, or a function corresponding to a plurality of functional units. It is also possible for a single processor to realize the function.
- the image coding apparatus includes LSI (Large Scale Integration), VLSI (Very Large Scale).
- LSIs etc. may be realized as a part or all of them. It may be realized by one or a plurality of LSIs and other circuits.
- the number acquisition unit 110 of the image encoding device shown in the embodiment 1 acquires the number as needed even after the encoding unit 140 starts the encoding processing for a moving image.
- the processing method specifying unit 130 may newly specify a processing method when the number changes, and the code key unit 140 may perform the code according to the result.
- the image coding apparatus shown in the first embodiment is modified so that a circuit that can be used for decoding in the code unit 140 is also used for decoding, and further, a circuit necessary for decoding is used.
- the decoding function for decoding the compressed moving image may be provided by adding.
- the processing method specifying unit 130 may be modified to specify the processing method so that the amount of calculation related to encoding for each moving image decreases as the amount of moving image to be decoded increases. .
- the image encoding device 300 shown in the second embodiment may be modified to include a functional unit corresponding to the processing amount management unit 402 of the image encoding device in addition to the original configuration requirements.
- the image coding apparatus 400 can request the coding process from the image coding apparatus 400 and the other image coding apparatus 300 can request the coding process.
- a moving image can be acquired through the internal moving image acquisition unit and encoded.
- the image code system shown in Embodiment 2 is modified to remove the processing method specifying unit 130 from the image code device 400, and the processing method specifying unit 130 of the image code device 300 acquires the number.
- the processing amount management unit 301 determines the number of requests to the image encoding device 400 after determining the processing method for motion prediction processing and other encoding processing according to the number acquired by the processing unit.
- the number of requests and the processing method specified by the processing method specifying unit 130 are transmitted to the image encoding device 400, and the encoding unit 14 of the image encoding device 400 0 may encode the requested number of moving images according to the processing method received from the image encoding device 300.
- a program for causing the processor to execute each process (see FIGS. 4 and 5) in the image coding apparatus may be recorded on a recording medium or distributed and distributed via various communication paths. It can.
- Such recording media include IC cards, hard disks, optical disks, flexible disks, ROMs and the like.
- the distributed and distributed program is used by being stored in a memory or the like that can be read by the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the function of the image encoding device described in the first embodiment is achieved. It will be realized.
- the image encoding device can be mounted and used in a hard disk recorder, a DVD recorder, or the like.
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Abstract
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US11/662,783 US8073053B2 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2005-09-05 | Image encoding device that encodes an arbitrary number of moving pictures |
JP2006536334A JP4746550B2 (ja) | 2004-09-22 | 2005-09-05 | 画像符号化装置 |
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US8073053B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
US20080247461A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
CN101027910A (zh) | 2007-08-29 |
JPWO2006033227A1 (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
JP4746550B2 (ja) | 2011-08-10 |
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