WO2006033142A1 - 太陽光発電システムおよびその昇圧ユニット - Google Patents
太陽光発電システムおよびその昇圧ユニット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006033142A1 WO2006033142A1 PCT/JP2004/013821 JP2004013821W WO2006033142A1 WO 2006033142 A1 WO2006033142 A1 WO 2006033142A1 JP 2004013821 W JP2004013821 W JP 2004013821W WO 2006033142 A1 WO2006033142 A1 WO 2006033142A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system and a boosting unit thereof, and in particular, raises the power generation voltage of a solar cell within the input operation range of a power conditioner, and converts the DC power of the solar cell to AC power.
- the present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system that is connected to commercial power by converting it into power and its booster unit.
- a solar power generation system converts surplus power by converting DC power generated by a solar cell into AC power by a power conditioner and by linking it with a general commercial power source supplied from an electric power company.
- Patent Document 1 Conventionally, as a general configuration of this type of photovoltaic power generation system, for example, there is one shown in Patent Document 1 below.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the boosting unit of the photovoltaic power generation system disclosed in Patent Document 1. In FIG.
- a booster unit 101 is a standard input unit to which a solar cell circuit 100a that is one unit (hereinafter referred to as “solar cell circuit”) configured by connecting a plurality of solar cell modules in series is connected. 110 and a step-up input unit 112 to which the solar cell circuit 100b is connected.
- the standard input unit 110 is an input unit that does not have a booster circuit, and is an input unit that requires the number of series connected solar cell modules that can be supplied without boosting the voltage within the input operation range of the power conditioner 102.
- the boost input unit 112 is an input unit that includes a booster circuit, and is an input unit that boosts the voltage of the solar cell circuit to the operating range of the power conditioner by the booster circuit.
- the standard input unit 110 and the boost input unit 112 are provided with a switch at each input stage.
- the outputs are connected in the boost unit 101 to be grouped together and output to the power conditioner 102.
- the power conditioner 102 converts the direct current power of the solar cell circuit output from the booster unit 101 into alternating current power, and is connected to the commercial power system 104 to perform grid connection.
- the boost unit shown in the figure only two solar cell circuits (100a, 100b) are shown for simplification of the drawing. However, usually more solar cell circuits may be input.
- the grid interconnection of the photovoltaic power generation system is an existing technology, so detailed explanation is omitted.
- the step-up input unit 112 to which the solar cell circuit 100b is connected includes a main circuit including a rear tuttle, a switching element, a diode, a capacitor, and the like, and a switching element of the main circuit based on the input voltage Vs2 and the output voltage Vo2.
- a control signal 114 that supplies the control signal Sg2 and a trip signal that generates and outputs a trip signal for tripping the input switch when an error occurs based on the output voltage Vo2 and the temperature T2 of the switching element detected by the temperature sensor Part 116 is provided.
- the booster circuit of the boost input unit 112 includes a series connection number (nl) of solar cell circuits 100a that do not require a booster circuit and a series connection number (n2) of solar cell circuits 100b that require a booster circuit.
- the control circuit 114 of the boost input unit 112 compares the actual boost voltage ratio (Vo2 / Vs2), which is the ratio of the actual output voltage Vo2 and the input voltage Vs2, with the target boost ratio a * to reduce the error.
- the signal Sg2 transmitted to the switching element is controlled to optimize the on / off time.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing voltage-power characteristics (hereinafter simply referred to as “VP characteristics”) of solar cell circuits having different numbers of series connections.
- VP characteristics voltage-power characteristics
- FIG. 3 (a) the V–P characteristics of the solar cell circuit 100a connected to the standard input unit 110 are shown by a solid line (L1), and the VP characteristics of the solar cell circuit 100b connected to the boost input unit 112 are shown. This is indicated by the broken line (L2).
- the target step-up ratio (X *) expressed by the ratio of the number of solar cell circuits connected in series is equal to the ratio (VolZV o2) of the open circuit voltage of each input section.
- the maximum power point P2max of the boost input unit 112 moves to P2max 'after boosting.At this time, the power conditioner 102 is connected to the standard input unit indicated by the thick line (L5). 110 and step-up input section 112. It will operate at the Pmax point of the combined output characteristics of 2.
- the solar cell circuit 100a of the standard input section 110 and the step-up input Part 1 12 Solar cell circuit 100b is operated at the point where each output power becomes maximum Leave in Toga.
- the boost input unit 112 performs the target boost ratio constant control so that the target boost ratio ⁇ * is constant.
- the power conditioner 102 connected to the output of the boosting unit is not in an operating state, the boosting unit 101 is placed in a no-load state, and the boosting circuit of the boosting input unit 112 performs a boosting operation.
- the booster input unit 112 changes the target booster ratio ⁇ * to be small and boosts the voltage. Constant voltage control is performed so that the output voltage of unit 101 falls within the allowable input voltage range of power conditioner 102.
- trip signal generator 116 of booster input unit 112 outputs output voltage Vo2 Is detected, and the breaker 121 of the input stage is tripped to open the line with the solar cell circuit, thereby preventing the booster unit 101 and the power conditioner 102 from being damaged.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-51571
- the conventional boosting unit is connected in series so that the voltage of the solar cell becomes the input operating range of the power conditioner, like the solar cell circuit 100a connected to the standard input section shown in FIG. Number (standard number of connections) was required. For this reason, it was necessary to always arrange the number of series on the one side of the roof (usually a lot of solar radiation, south side) to ensure a voltage that would be the input operating range of the power conditioner.
- a dormitory often found in modern houses There was a problem that a booster unit could not be used in a house where a number of solar cells could not be installed on one roof surface, such as the roof, because the required number of series (standard number of connections) could not be installed.
- the target boost ratio ⁇ * targeted by the control circuit of the boost input section requires the number of series connection (nl) of solar cell circuits connected to the standard input section that does not require the boost circuit and the boost circuit.
- the target boost ratio ⁇ * is usually set manually with a dial switch at the time of construction.It is determined by the ratio of the number of solar cell circuits connected in series to the boost input section (n2). . Therefore, the extra work of setting the target boost ratio * of the boost unit during construction will occur, and there is a possibility that an incorrect boost ratio will be set. If the target boost ratio ⁇ * is set to an incorrect value, the maximum power cannot be extracted from the solar cell circuit connected to the boost unit.
- FIG. 15 is a V-V characteristic diagram showing an example of the case where the maximum power cannot be extracted from the boosting unit.
- the boost ratio is originally set to (VolZVo2), but it is set to a small value by mistake
- the output characteristics of the boost input section will be Becomes a broken line (Ml)
- the VP characteristic of the combined output of the standard input part and the boost input part is the characteristic indicated by the thick line (M2). Therefore, the operating point by the inverter is Pmax ', and the solar cell connected to the booster input unit should be operated at the maximum output operating voltage Vpi of the solar cell circuit connected to the standard input unit. Since it operates at the maximum output operating voltage Vp2 'after boosting the circuit, the solar cell circuit connected to the standard input section cannot output the maximum power.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and is the number of series connections (standard) to be an input operation range of all solar cell circuit power power conditioners connected to the boosting unit. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photovoltaic power generation system capable of operating all the solar cell circuits at the maximum power point even when the number of connections is less than the number of connections) and a boosting unit thereof.
- a photovoltaic power generation system is provided.
- a photovoltaic power generation system is provided.
- a booster unit comprising a booster circuit that boosts a DC voltage output from a connected solar cell circuit, and a power conditioner that converts DC power output from the booster unit into AC power; All of the plurality of solar cell circuits are connected to the booster circuit.
- the booster unit includes the booster circuit connected to each of the plurality of solar cell circuits, and all the solar cell circuits are connected to the booster circuit.
- the step-up ratio is controlled.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system including a boosting unit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an output power characteristic with respect to an input voltage in a power conditioner connected to a booster unit.
- Fig. 3-1 shows the operation of the boost unit when the maximum output operating voltage Vs of the solar cell circuit connected to the booster circuit is lower than the minimum input voltage V2 at which the rated output of the inverter is available. It is a figure for demonstrating.
- FIG. 3-2 shows that the maximum output operating voltage Vs of the solar cell circuit connected to the booster circuit and the maximum output operating voltage Vs' of the other solar cell circuit are both rated for the inverter.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the boosting unit when it is greater than the minimum input voltage V2 that can be output and is in a relationship of Vs to Vs ′.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a processing concept for detecting the maximum output operating point of a solar cell circuit.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of a control circuit.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example for operating two solar cell circuits with different maximum output operating voltages at the maximum power point.
- Fig. 7-1 is a diagram showing an example of the case where all the solar cell circuits connected to the boosting unit cannot be operated at the maximum power point!
- Fig. 7-2 is a graph showing the combined output VP characteristics of the solar cell circuit in the state shown in Fig. 7-1.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of a control process for operating all the solar cell circuits connected to the boosting unit at the maximum power point.
- FIG. 91 is a diagram showing a processing concept for operating all the solar cell circuits connected to the boosting unit at the maximum power point.
- Fig. 9 2 is a graph showing the composite output VP characteristic of the solar cell circuit controlled as shown in Fig. 91.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a process flow of another control process for operating all the solar cell circuits connected to the boosting unit at the maximum power point.
- FIG. 11-1 is a diagram showing a processing concept for operating the solar cell circuit at the maximum power point based on the processing flow shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 2 is a graph showing the composite output V—P characteristics of the solar cell circuit controlled as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a processing concept for detecting the maximum output operating point of a solar cell circuit in consideration of calculation processing time.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a boosting unit of a photovoltaic power generation system that works on the prior art.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing VP characteristics of solar cell circuits having different numbers of series connections.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the case where the maximum power cannot be extracted from the boosting unit.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system including a boosting unit that works on the present invention. is there.
- the boost unit shown in the figure only two solar cell circuits 1 Oa and 10b are shown for simplicity of drawing, but the number of inputs of the solar cell circuit and the number of boost circuits can be expanded. Needless to say.
- solar cell circuits 10a and 10b respectively installed on a small space roof surface such as a dormitory roof are connected to a booster unit 11, respectively.
- the booster 11 is equipped with booster circuits 20a and 20b connected to the solar cell circuits 10a and 10b, respectively.
- the outputs of these booster circuits 20a and 20b are connected in the booster unit 11. They are collected in one line and output to the inverter 12.
- the power conditioner 12 includes a booster circuit for generating commercial system voltage, an inverter circuit for converting the DC power of the solar cell circuit to AC power, a protection device for system interconnection, etc. (all not shown)
- maximum power point tracking control various processes for linking to the commercial power system 14 are performed.
- the booster circuit 20a includes a main circuit including a force such as a rear tuttle 23, a switching element 24, a diode 25, capacitors 26 and 27, a temperature sensor 28, and a control circuit 21a.
- the control circuit 21a includes the output voltage Vsl of the solar battery circuit 10a and the input voltage Vsl to the booster circuit 20a, the output voltage Vol of the booster circuit 20a, and the rear tutor when the switching element detected by the current sensor 29 is turned on 23 Current IL1 and temperature sensor 28 ambient temperature T1 signal inside the booster unit.
- the control circuit 21a includes a sensor circuit to which these signals are input, a microcomputer (hereinafter referred to as “microcomputer”) that is the center of control (all not shown), and the like.
- microcomputer a microcomputer
- the command value of the gate signal Sgl for turning on and off the switching element of the main circuit is output, and a boosted output boosted to the target voltage value is generated.
- the control circuits of each booster circuit are electrically connected to the output overvoltage protection signal Voerr and the input voltage value Vspmax when output to the outside is permitted by the microcomputer of the control circuit.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an output power characteristic with respect to an input voltage in a power conditioner connected to the boosting unit.
- D1 is the lower limit of the input operating voltage range VI Force This is the region up to the predetermined voltage V2, where the output power increases approximately in proportion to the input voltage. This area means that the input voltage to the inverter 12 is low.
- the condition where the input voltage to the power conditioner 12 is low specifically refers to the case where the amount of solar radiation is small, the case where the generation of solar cell circuit power with a small number of series connections is mainstream, or the number of solar cell modules. It is assumed that a certain generated voltage cannot be obtained due to the shadow of the sheet.
- the input voltage to the power conditioner 12 is low, and a predetermined rated output cannot be obtained. As a result, it gradually increases in proportion to the input voltage as shown in the figure.
- D2 is a region that exceeds the predetermined voltage V2 and reaches the upper limit V3 of the input operating voltage range, and is a region where substantially constant output power is output regardless of the input voltage.
- This area is when the input voltage to the power conditioner 12 is sufficiently high. Since the power conditioner 12 is connected to the commercial power grid 14, a substantially constant output power (rated output) is output. Output characteristics are set.
- the boosting unit 11 raises its output voltage to a voltage range in which the power conditioner 12 can output a predetermined rated output efficiently according to the DC voltage level output from the connected solar cell circuit.
- the target voltage varies depending on the maximum output operating voltage of each of the plurality of solar cell circuits, and the boost ratio for each booster circuit also varies. Therefore, after performing the following case classification, the operation will be described in detail.
- Fig. 3-1 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the booster unit when the maximum output operating voltage Vs of the solar cell circuit connected to the booster circuit is smaller than the minimum input voltage V2 at which the rated output of the power conditioner is possible. It is. As shown in FIG. 2A, for example, a case is assumed where the maximum output operating voltage Vs of the solar cell circuit 10a is smaller than the minimum input voltage V2 at which the rated output of the power conditioner 12 is possible. In this case, the booster unit 11 has a minimum input voltage value.
- the voltage of the booster circuit 20a is boosted by the boost ratio (V2ZVs) using V2 as the target voltage.
- V2ZVs boost ratio
- the maximum output operating voltage after boosting the solar cell circuit 10a is included in the operating input voltage range of the power conditioner 12, as shown in FIG. It can be operated at the maximum power point Pmax '.
- the booster circuit 20b connected to the solar cell circuit 10b is also boosted with the minimum input voltage value V2 as the target voltage, the solar cell circuit 10b can also be operated at the maximum power point of the output VP characteristic. . Therefore, the maximum output operating voltage after boosting of both of the solar cell circuits 10a and 10b is the same, and these maximum output operating voltages are included in the operating input voltage range of the power conditioner 12.
- a predetermined output can be efficiently extracted from the power conditioner 12 without falling into a state where the maximum power cannot be extracted from the boosting unit as shown in the figure.
- Fig. 3-2 shows the minimum input voltage at which the maximum output operating voltage Vs 'of the solar cell circuit connected to the booster circuit and the maximum output operating voltage Vs' of the other solar cell circuit are capable of rated output of the power conditioner.
- the booster unit 11 boosts the voltage of the booster circuit 20a with the boost ratio (Vs′ZVs) using the maximum output operating voltage Vs ′ of the solar cell circuit 10b as the target voltage.
- the booster circuit 20b does not perform the boosting operation.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a processing concept for detecting the maximum output operating point of the solar cell circuit
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the control circuit.
- the microcomputer in the control circuit of each booster circuit constantly detects the current operating point on the voltage and power characteristics of the connected solar cell circuit, and the minute change in the input power Ps relative to the minute change in the input voltage Vs. Calculate (dPsZdVs).
- this minute change is a positive value in the region including the point a and a negative value in the region including the point c. Become. Also, in the region including point b where the power is maximum, the value is almost zero. Therefore, the maximum output operating point can be detected for each booster circuit by calculating this dPsZdVs.
- the microcomputer in each control circuit outputs the voltage output permission signal to the input voltage detection circuit after confirming the operation at the maximum output operation, that is, the operation at the point b.
- the microcomputer 33a of the control circuit 21a sends a voltage output permission signal to the input voltage detection circuit 31a. Output.
- the input voltage detection circuit 31a generates and outputs the maximum output operating voltage value Vslpmax of the solar cell circuit 10a based on this voltage output permission signal.
- a voltage output permission signal is also output from the microcomputer 33b of the control circuit 21b, and the input voltage detection circuit 31b generates and outputs the maximum output operating voltage value Vs2pmax of the solar cell circuit 10b.
- Vslpmax the highest output operating voltage value (Vslpmax, Vs 2pmax, ...) output from each control circuit (Vspmax: (Hereinafter referred to as the “maximum value of the maximum output operating voltage value”), and this voltage value is input to each microcomputer in the control circuit.
- Vspmax the maximum value of the maximum output operating voltage value
- Vspmax the maximum value of the maximum output operating voltage is lower than the minimum voltage (V2) at which the rated output of the inverter can be rated, the minimum voltage (V2) will be boosted as the target value. .
- Vspmax The maximum value of the maximum output operating voltage (Vspmax) is higher than the lowest voltage (V2) that the rated output of the power conditioner can be output, and the maximum output operating voltage value in its own circuit (for example, When Vslpmax) is different from the maximum value (Vspmax) of the maximum output operating voltage, the maximum value (Vspmax) of the maximum output operating voltage is boosted as the target value.
- Vspmax The maximum value of the maximum output operating voltage (Vspmax) is higher than the minimum voltage (V2) that the rated output of the power conditioner can be output, and the maximum output operating voltage value in its own circuit (for example, When Vslpmax) and the maximum value of the maximum output operating voltage (Vspmax) are almost the same, boost operation is not performed.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example for operating two solar cell circuits having different maximum output operating voltages at the maximum power point.
- the two solar battery circuits (10a, 10b) input to the boosting unit 11 and the solar battery circuit 10a is a voltage (VI that exceeds the input voltage value at which the power conditioner 12 can operate).
- the solar cell circuit 10b is assumed to be operating below the input voltage that the inverter can operate.
- the control circuit 21b performs a boosting operation so as to make the output voltage coincide with this VI.
- the combined output V-P characteristics of the solar cell circuits 10a and 10b are as shown in FIG. 6 (b), and the solar cell circuits 10a and 10b can be operated at the maximum power point Pmax.
- the solar cell circuit connected to the booster circuit does not satisfy the input voltage value at which the power conditioner can operate, as in the above-described solar cell circuit 10b, the solar cell is controlled by controlling the noise conditioner. Since the circuit power is not output, the operating point on the input VP characteristic is forced by the power conditioner when the booster circuit starts up. Is not moved automatically. However, if the solar cell circuit connected to the booster circuit is within the input voltage range in which the power conditioner can operate, the operating point at which the output characteristics of the entire booster unit become the maximum power under the control of the power conditioner. Therefore, depending on the timing when the booster circuit is activated, there are cases where all the solar battery circuits connected to the booster unit cannot be operated at the maximum power point. In the following, an example of such a situation and its countermeasures are described.
- Fig. 7-1 is a diagram showing an example of the case where all the solar cell circuits connected to the booster unit cannot be operated at the maximum power point.
- Fig. 7-2 shows the combined output V at that time.
- the three solar cell circuits (10a-10c) 1S of them do not meet the operable input voltage value.
- the remaining solar cell circuit 10d is assumed to satisfy the voltage value of the input voltage range in which the power conditioner can operate.
- the three solar cell circuits (10a-10c) are boosted to the lowest input voltage value V2 at which the rated output of the inverter can be rated, and Pmaxl23 is controlled by controlling the inverter.
- V2 the lowest input voltage value
- Pmaxl23 the lowest input voltage value
- the point is stable.
- the solar cell circuit 10d is input, the combined output VP characteristics of all the solar cell circuits are as shown in Fig. 7-2, and the operating point is Pmaxl234 point by the control of the power conditioner. Therefore, the operating point of the solar cell circuit 10d remains at the point P4 in Fig. 7-1.
- the maximum output operating point of the solar cell circuit 10d is not determined.
- the microcomputer power voltage output permission signal provided in the control circuit of the booster circuit connected to the solar cell circuit 10d is not output, the maximum output operating voltage value of the solar cell circuit 10d is output from the input voltage detection circuit. Will never be done. Therefore, the target boosted voltage of the booster circuit to which the solar cell circuits 10a to 10c are connected does not increase at all, and the solar cell circuit 10d cannot be boosted to the voltage value V4 that can output the maximum power.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of control processing for operating all the solar cell circuits connected to the boosting unit at the maximum power point.
- the microcomputer in the control circuit determines whether or not the solar cell circuit connected to itself is operating at the maximum output operating point (step Sl 1). The determination at this step is made based on the value of dPsZdVs calculated by the microcomputer itself! The determination criteria are as described above.
- step Sl l No
- Step S12 determines whether the fixed time has passed (Step S12, Yes). If the fixed time has passed (Step S12, Yes), the voltage output is permitted (Step S13) and the voltage output A permission signal is output to the microcomputer power input voltage detection circuit (see Fig. 5).
- step S11 when the solar cell circuit is operating at the maximum output operating point (step S11, Yes), voltage output is permitted (step S14) and operating at the maximum output operating point.
- step S15 the output voltage is slightly increased (step S15). Note that a series of processes of step S11 to step S15 are periodically repeated.
- each step-up circuit when the micro-change (dPsZdVs) of the input power Ps with respect to the micro-change of the input voltage Vs detected by the microcomputer is maintained at zero, that is, when operating at the maximum power point. The operation of periodically boosting the output voltage somewhat is repeated.
- the minute change amount (dPsZdVs) of the input power Ps with respect to the minute change amount of the input voltage Vs does not become zero within the specified time, that is, it does not shift to the operating point where the maximum power is output even after a certain period of time.
- a voltage output permission signal is output from the microcomputer to the input voltage detection circuit, the input voltage value at the current operating point is transmitted to the control circuit of another booster unit.
- FIGS. 9-1 and 9-2 show an example of the operation of the solar cell circuits 10a-10d controlled by the processing flow of FIG. 8 with reference to FIGS. 9-1 and 9-2.
- Figure 9-1 is connected to the booster unit.
- Fig. 9 2 shows the processing concept for operating all the solar cell circuits to be operated at the maximum power point.
- Fig. 9 2 shows the composite output VP characteristics of the solar cell circuit controlled as shown in Fig. 91. It is a figure.
- the solar cell circuits 10a-10c have a small change amount (dPsZdVs) of the input power Ps with respect to the minute change amount of the input voltage Vs.
- the output voltage of the booster circuit connected to each of the battery circuits 10a-10c is slightly boosted.
- the output voltage of the booster circuit connected to the solar cell circuit 10d is not boosted.
- the output operating point moves from Pmaxl23 to Pmaxl23 'by the control of the inverter that searches for the maximum operating point. Note that the input operating voltages of the solar battery circuits 10a-10c do not change because they are originally located at the maximum power point.
- the output operating point of the solar cell circuit 10d is moved to P4 force P4 by the boost operation of the solar cell circuits 10a to 10c, and the operating voltage of the solar cell circuit 10d is increased from V4 to V4, To do.
- the minute change amount (dPs / dVs) of the input power Ps with respect to the minute change amount of the input voltage Vs is within a fixed time. Since it does not become zero, a voltage output permission signal is output to the microcomputer power voltage detection circuit in the control circuit, and the input voltage value at the current operating point is transmitted to the other booster circuit.
- the input voltage V4 ′ of the solar cell circuit 10d whose operating point has been shifted by the boost control is transmitted to the control circuits of the solar cell circuits 10a to 10c.
- the boosting operation is performed with the boosted voltage to be V4 '.
- This series of processing is repeated, so that the solar cell circuits 10a-10c have zero variation (dPs / dVs) of the input power Ps with respect to the minute variation of the input voltage Vs of the solar cell circuit 10d, that is, as shown in FIG. 9-2.
- the voltage is boosted up to the Pmax4 operating point indicated on the dashed line.
- the operating point of the output voltage of the booster unit is stable at the point Pmaxl234 'shown by the bold line in Fig. 92, so that all the solar cell circuits 10a to 10d can output the maximum power. become.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a processing flow for operating all the solar cell circuits connected to the boosting unit at the maximum power point, and shows a processing flow of another control processing different from FIG. Is.
- Fig. 11-1 is a diagram showing a processing concept for operating the solar cell circuit at the maximum power point based on the processing flow shown in Fig. 10, and
- Fig. 11-2 is a diagram of Fig. 11-1. It is a figure which shows the synthetic
- the microcomputer in the control circuit determines whether or not the boosting circuit of its own is performing a boosting operation (step S21).
- the own booster circuit is not performing a boost operation (step S21, No)
- a predetermined current is flowing (step S22, Yes)
- it is determined whether or not a preset time (a fixed time) has elapsed (step S23). If the predetermined time has passed (step S23, Yes), it is determined whether or not its own solar cell circuit is operating at the maximum output operating point (step S24).
- step S24, No If the solar cell circuit operates at the maximum output operating point (step S24, No), voltage output is permitted (step S25) and operates at the maximum output operating point! / The operating voltage of the battery circuit is slightly increased (step S26). By repeating the series of steps S21 to S26, all the solar cell circuits can output the maximum power.
- Step S21 to step S24 in the above processing flow when the own booster circuit is performing a boost operation (Yes in step S21), a predetermined current flows in the own booster circuit. If not (Step S22, No), if a certain time has not elapsed (Step S23, No), or if the solar cell is operating at the maximum output operating point (Step S24, Yes) Steps S25 and S26 are not performed.
- each booster circuit connected to the solar cell circuits 10a to 10d it is confirmed whether or not the booster circuit of its own is performing a boosting operation. For example, in the booster circuit connected to the solar cell circuit 10d shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 11-1, it is determined that a current flows even though the boosting operation is performed. It is recognized that the battery circuit 10d is in the input voltage range in which the power conditioner can operate and the power is being output to the power conditioner.
- the microcomputer power voltage output permission signal in the control circuit of the booster circuit connected to the solar cell circuit 10d is output to the input voltage detection circuit and the solar cell circuit 10d. Is increased to a voltage V4 "that is slightly larger than the input voltage V4 at the current operating point. At this time, the voltage V4" that is the operating voltage of the solar cell circuit 10d that is allowed to output is the solar cell circuit. 10a-10c are transmitted to other booster circuits connected to 10c, respectively.
- each control circuit of the solar cell circuits 10a to 10c performs the boosting operation with the target boosted voltage being V4 ".
- This series of processing is repeated,
- the minute change amount (dPsZdVs) of the input power Ps with respect to the minute change amount of the input voltage Vs of the solar cell circuit 10d is substantially zero, that is, Pmax4 shown on the alternate long and short dash line in FIG.
- the operating point of the output voltage of the booster is stable at the point Pmaxl234 "shown by the thick line in Fig. 11-2, and all the solar cell circuits 10a-10d
- the solar cell circuit will be able to output maximum power.
- each microcomputer in the control circuit inputs (dPsZdVs) when (dPsZdVs) does not actually divide and the input voltage Vs changes beyond a predetermined value (for example, changes in IV).
- a predetermined value for example, changes in IV.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a processing concept for detecting the maximum output operating point of the solar cell circuit in consideration of the calculation processing time.
- the microcomputer in the control circuit constantly detects the values of the input voltage Vs and the input power Ps at a certain time interval (for example, 0.5 seconds).
- a certain voltage for example, IV
- the changes in the current Vs value and Ps value with respect to the previous Vs value and Ps value are detected.
- the region where the change in Ps value is almost equal to 0 with respect to the change in Vs value from V4 to V5 or V5 to V4 is in the region of dPsZdVs ⁇ O, that is, the maximum power point region. judge.
- the fixed time interval for detecting the input voltage Vs and the input power Po is too high because if the time interval is too long, the change in Vs becomes so large that an erroneous operating point may be recognized. It is necessary to set a time interval that fully considers the moving speed of the conditioner to the maximum power point. For example, if the time interval is 0.5 seconds as described above, the probability that the input voltage Vs changes more than a certain voltage at a single time interval can be reduced. it can. In this case, only when the Vs value changes more than a certain voltage in the detection several times, it is only necessary to confirm each change in the Vs value and Ps value to recognize the current operating point.
- all of the plurality of solar cell circuits are configured to be connected to the booster circuit, and Even if the output voltage of the solar cell circuit connected to the circuit does not have a standard series connection number that falls within the input operation range of the power conditioner, all the solar cell circuits can operate at the maximum power point. Therefore, even in a house where a number of solar cell circuits cannot be installed on one roof surface, such as a dormitory roof often found in modern homes, the maximum output can always be extracted from all the solar cell circuits. It can generate electricity efficiently.
- the state of the connected solar cell circuit is automatically determined, and the voltage is boosted to an optimum voltage to be supplied to the power conditioner. This eliminates the need for manual setting of the boost ratio, which can greatly improve workability during construction, and eliminates errors in setting the boost ratio.
- the maximum output can always be extracted from the solar cell circuit, and power can be generated efficiently.
- the booster circuit output voltage is boosted to the lowest input voltage value that can be rated by the power conditioner.
- the boost ratio can be reduced, and the switching loss of the booster circuit can be reduced.
- the photovoltaic power generation system and its boosting unit of this embodiment when there is a solar cell circuit having a maximum output operating voltage equal to or higher than the minimum input voltage value at which the rated output of the power conditioner can be output.
- the maximum output operating voltage is the highest
- the voltage (Vp max) is set as the target voltage
- other booster circuits are boosted, while the solar cell circuit with the highest maximum output operating voltage is connected. Since the booster circuit is configured not to perform the boosting operation, the boosting ratio of the booster circuit can be suppressed as much as possible, and the loss of the entire booster unit can be minimized.
- the input voltage value when operating at the maximum output operating point of the solar cell circuit is transferred to another boosting circuit.
- other booster circuits are boosted to the voltage that is the maximum output power point of the solar cell circuit with the highest voltage among the solar cell circuits connected to the booster unit.
- the circuit can operate at the maximum output operating point, and the solar cell circuit can generate electricity without waste.
- the operating point of the input voltage power characteristic of the solar cell circuit connected to the boosting circuit is detected, and the operation is performed at the maximum output operating point. If the output voltage of the booster circuit is slightly boosted and does not operate at the maximum output operating point even after a fixed time has elapsed, the operating input voltage can be transmitted to other booster circuits at that time. Therefore, the solar cell circuit that cannot operate at the voltage at which the output is maximized by the operation of the power conditioner can be raised to the voltage at which the output is maximized. Since each battery circuit can be operated at the maximum power point, the generated power of the solar cell circuit can be used effectively.
- the photovoltaic power generation system and the boosting unit thereof determines whether or not a predetermined power is flowing in the boosting circuit connected to the solar battery circuit. It is determined whether or not a certain time has passed, and the force and force that are operating at the maximum output operating point. Based on these determination conditions, the solar cell circuit operates at the maximum output operating point. The operation input voltage is slightly increased, and the output voltage at that time can be transmitted to other booster circuits.Therefore, the solar cell circuit that cannot operate at the voltage at which the output becomes maximum reaches the voltage at which the output becomes maximum. As a result, all the solar cell circuits connected to the boosting unit can be operated at the maximum power point, and the generated power of the solar cell circuit can be used effectively. To become. Industrial applicability
- the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention is useful as a clean power generation system using inexhaustible solar energy, and the boosting unit has a configuration that realizes the photovoltaic power generation system. It is useful as a product.
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Abstract
Description
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JP2006536275A JP4468371B2 (ja) | 2004-09-22 | 2004-09-22 | 太陽光発電システムおよびその昇圧ユニット |
PCT/JP2004/013821 WO2006033142A1 (ja) | 2004-09-22 | 2004-09-22 | 太陽光発電システムおよびその昇圧ユニット |
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JP2010087010A (ja) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Kyocera Corp | 太陽光発電装置およびその制御方法 |
JP2011095915A (ja) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-05-12 | Omron Corp | 異常判定装置、パワーコンディショナ、異常判定方法、及びプログラム |
WO2011059067A1 (ja) | 2009-11-16 | 2011-05-19 | オムロン株式会社 | 電圧設定装置、太陽光発電システム、および電圧設定装置の制御方法 |
JP2012252537A (ja) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-20 | Daihen Corp | 系統連系インバータ装置 |
WO2014136459A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-12 | 京セラ株式会社 | パワーコンディショナ、太陽光発電装置、および制御方法 |
CN104113281A (zh) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-22 | 武汉日新科技股份有限公司 | 新型多通道太阳能电池组件测试系统及双重智能扫描方法 |
JP5618023B1 (ja) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-11-05 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | インバータ装置 |
WO2014199796A1 (ja) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-18 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | インバータ装置 |
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JP5922438B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-27 | 2016-05-24 | 京セラ株式会社 | 太陽光発電システムおよびその制御方法ならびに電圧制御ユニット |
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JP2010087010A (ja) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Kyocera Corp | 太陽光発電装置およびその制御方法 |
JP2011095915A (ja) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-05-12 | Omron Corp | 異常判定装置、パワーコンディショナ、異常判定方法、及びプログラム |
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JP2012252537A (ja) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-20 | Daihen Corp | 系統連系インバータ装置 |
WO2014136459A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-12 | 京セラ株式会社 | パワーコンディショナ、太陽光発電装置、および制御方法 |
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TWI748000B (zh) * | 2016-11-25 | 2021-12-01 | 日商艾普凌科有限公司 | 電源裝置 |
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