WO2006018977A1 - 針状ころ軸受 - Google Patents

針状ころ軸受 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006018977A1
WO2006018977A1 PCT/JP2005/014293 JP2005014293W WO2006018977A1 WO 2006018977 A1 WO2006018977 A1 WO 2006018977A1 JP 2005014293 W JP2005014293 W JP 2005014293W WO 2006018977 A1 WO2006018977 A1 WO 2006018977A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cage
needle roller
roller bearing
steel
heat treatment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2005/014293
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Shinji Oishi
Yasuyuki Watanabe
Original Assignee
Ntn Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ntn Corporation filed Critical Ntn Corporation
Priority to US11/659,950 priority Critical patent/US20070154127A1/en
Priority to EP05768435.9A priority patent/EP1780428B1/en
Publication of WO2006018977A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006018977A1/ja
Priority to US12/851,952 priority patent/US8166657B2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/30—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for axial load mainly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/44—Needle bearings
    • F16C19/46—Needle bearings with one row or needles
    • F16C19/466—Needle bearings with one row or needles comprising needle rollers and an outer ring, i.e. subunit without inner ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/54—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal
    • F16C33/542—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal
    • F16C33/543—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal from a single part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/54—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal
    • F16C33/542—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal
    • F16C33/543—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal from a single part
    • F16C33/546—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal from a single part with a M- or W-shaped cross section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/56—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/588—Races of sheet metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/4968—Assembling of race, cage, and rolling anti-friction members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49682—Assembling of race and rolling anti-friction members
    • Y10T29/49684—Assembling of race and rolling anti-friction members with race making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49686—Assembling of cage and rolling anti-friction members
    • Y10T29/49687—Assembling of cage and rolling anti-friction members with cage making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49691—Cage making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49693—Roller making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a needle roller bearing using needle rollers as rolling elements.
  • Steel cages for radial type needle roller bearings are roughly classified according to the manufacturing process.
  • a cage is manufactured by machining from a knitted material, and a round blank punched from a plate material is subjected to a drawing process.
  • press holders that are formed by press working, and welded holders that cut a strip into a standard length, bend it into an annular shape, and weld both ends.
  • steps and bent parts are often formed by pocket punching or roll forming in the state of strips.
  • steel cages for thrust type needle roller bearings are manufactured by stamping or cutting plate materials and are sometimes press-rolled as needed.
  • the shapes of these steel cages vary depending on the application, and a plurality of pockets for storing needle rollers are formed without pockets, and each pocket is partitioned by a pillar.
  • the needle rollers that are housed in these pockets and roll are in sliding contact with the side surfaces of the pillars that define the pockets. Needle rollers may skew as they roll, and when such skew occurs, sliding contact with the side surface of the column portion of the needle rollers becomes local, and the sliding contact pressure becomes very high.
  • the needle roller bearing has a bearing ring, hold it The inner diameter surface or outer diameter surface of the vessel may be in sliding contact with the race. For this reason, the sliding contact surfaces of these cages may cause surface damage such as seizure in addition to wear.
  • the steel cage material for needle roller bearings has a carbon content of 0.15 mass% or less in consideration of cutting workability and press workability in the manufacturing process.
  • Low carbon mechanical structural steel such as SCM415, low carbon mechanical structural steel such as SCM415, and low carbon cold rolled steel such as SPC are often used.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-46318 (pages 3-4)
  • Patent Document 2 JP 2000-205274 A (page 2-3)
  • Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11 303875 (Page 2-3)
  • Means for modifying the surface of a steel cage by surface heat treatment such as carburizing, carbonitriding, and soft nitriding, which are employed in the above-described conventional needle roller bearings, include these surface heat treatments. Since the atmosphere needs to be adjusted, there is a problem that the heat treatment equipment such as an atmosphere furnace becomes large and the heat treatment time becomes long to diffuse carbon and nitrogen. In addition, the heat treatment for adjusting the atmosphere is not efficient unless a large number of parts are processed at a time, which necessitates the production of large lots, increasing the work in progress and increasing the lead time. In addition, waste oil such as quenching oil must be treated, and the burden on the global environment cannot be ignored.
  • a steel cage is formed by surface chemical treatment such as metal plating or oxide film treatment.
  • the surface treatment equipment for plating treatment etc. becomes large, and the treatment time is long to form a surface film such as a plating film and an acid film and to secure its thickness.
  • large lot production is forced, work in progress increases, lead time becomes longer, and treatment of waste liquid such as plating solution is required, so the burden on the global environment is also great.
  • Patent Document 2 describes a means for subjecting a rolling bearing retainer using a roller bearing as an example to surface quenching by induction quenching if induction hardening is performed, and carbonitriding is performed as pre-heat treatment. Otherwise, heat treatment equipment such as an atmospheric furnace is not required.
  • the roller bearing cage described in Patent Document 2 is applied to a needle roller bearing cage having a large number of pockets, it is very laborious to quench only the surface of each pocket. There is a problem.
  • the column that divides the cage pocket is subjected to compressive stress and tensile stress due to the advance and delay of the needle rollers and skew, so that only the surface quenching can increase the fatigue strength and fracture strength of the cage as a whole.
  • an object of the present invention is to efficiently heat-treat a steel cage of a needle roller bearing using a compact processing facility in a short time even in a small lot production, thereby preventing its wear and surface damage. And increasing the fatigue strength and fracture strength of the entire cage.
  • the present invention provides a needle roller bearing in which a plurality of needle rollers are held by a steel cage, including the thickness direction of the steel cage.
  • a structure that has been subjected to induction heat treatment including at least induction hardening was adopted.
  • a high-frequency heat treatment facility that does not require atmosphere adjustment and that is compact and can handle small-lot production, including the thickness direction of the steel cage, includes at least high-frequency quenching.
  • Many needles with small dimensions and thin wall thickness by heat treatment Handling of the roller cage steel cage during heat treatment is easy and efficient, preventing wear and surface damage, and increasing the overall fatigue strength and fracture strength of the cage. .
  • high-frequency heat treatment uses clean electric energy, so there is little burden on the global environment.
  • the heat treatment step can be inlined.
  • the induction heat treatment includes induction hardening and induction tempering or furnace tempering, but if induction tempering is selected, induction hardening and induction tempering, both of which have a short processing time, can be easily inlined.
  • the needle roller bearing may be provided with at least one of the inner and outer races.
  • the surface hardness and the internal hardness of the steel cage are preferably set in the range of HV350 to 700 in terms of Vickers hardness. Wear resistance and overall fatigue strength of the cage increase as the hardness increases, but if the hardness of the steel cage is less than HV350, sufficient wear resistance and fatigue strength cannot be ensured. Further, since the fracture strength is high when the hardness is high, the steel cage is easily broken due to a decrease in toughness, and when the hardness is low, the steel cage is easily broken due to deformation.
  • the carbon content of the steel cage is preferably in the range of 0.15 to 10% by mass of L.
  • the carbon content is less than 0.15% by mass, the surface hardness of the steel cage cannot be sufficiently secured only by induction heat treatment.
  • the carbon content is 1.10% by mass or less, preferably 0.50% by mass or less. If the carbon content is 0.30% by mass or less, carbon can be completely dissolved in the iron matrix, so that it is possible to omit induction tempering furnace tempering in induction heat treatment.
  • the needle roller bearing of the present invention does not require adjustment of the atmosphere, uses a high-frequency heat treatment facility that is compact and can handle small-lot production, and includes at least the entire thickness of the steel cage including the thickness direction. Since induction heat treatment including induction hardening is applied, small dimensions, thin wall thickness, many things, and easy handling during heat treatment of needle roller bearing steel cages It is efficient and can prevent wear and surface damage, and can increase the fatigue strength and fracture strength of the entire cage. In addition, since high-frequency heat treatment uses clean electric energy, the burden on the global environment can be reduced.
  • the heat treatment step can be inlined.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a needle roller bearing according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the press working process of the steel cage shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 a, b, c, d and e are cross-sectional views showing modifications of the steel cage of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a partially omitted longitudinal sectional view showing the needle roller bearing of the second embodiment.
  • this needle roller bearing has a radial tie in which needle rollers 2 arranged on a cylindrical surface around an axis A along a raceway surface la of an outer ring 1 are held by a steel cage 3. belongs to.
  • the outer ring 1 may be an outer ring formed by force cutting, which is a shell-type outer ring formed by pressing the steel plate.
  • the cage 3 is a press cage molded with a pressing force, and as shown in Fig. 2, a circular blank punched out from a steel plate is squeezed into a cup shape in a squeezing step, and then molded. In the process, the bottom is cut, the edges are cut, and the edges are bent to form a cylindrical body with both ends. A step is formed.
  • the material steel plate of the cage 3 is structural carbon steel S50C having a carbon content of 0.50 mass%, and after being pressed as shown in FIG. 2, the thickness direction is included. The whole is subjected to induction heat treatment consisting of induction hardening and induction tempering, so that the surface hardness of the product is in the range of HV400 to 650 in terms of pitch hardness.
  • the material steel plate of the cage 3 may be other structural carbon steel or tool steel such as SK5 as long as the carbon content is within the range of 0.15 to L 10% by mass. . When the carbon content of the raw steel plate is 0.30 mass% or less, induction tempering may be omitted.
  • induction heat treatment can be performed after the cage 3 is assembled integrally with the outer ring 1 and the needle roller 2, and furnace tempering can be performed instead of induction tempering! /.
  • FIG. 3 shows a modification of the shape of the steel cage 3.
  • Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b) are examples of a welded cage in which a press cage or a strip with a pocket removed is cut to a standard length, and this is bent into an annular shape and welded at both ends.
  • c) is an example of a welded cage in which a strip is formed by forming a step by roll forming and then bent and welded at both ends in the same manner.
  • Figures 3 (d) and 3 (e) are pipe material caps. This is an example of a machined cage that has also been machined. Needle roller bearings using these modified examples and the retainer 3 of the first embodiment may have no bearing ring as they are.
  • FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment.
  • This needle roller bearing is of a thrust type in which needle rollers 6 arranged radially around the axis B between the raceway surfaces 4a and 5a of the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 5 are held by a steel cage 7. It is.
  • the needle rollers 6 held by the outer ring 4, the inner ring 5 and the cage 7 are not separated by the claws 4 b and 5 b provided on the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 5.
  • the steel cage 7 is a welded cage, and the material steel plate is structural carbon steel S30C having a carbon content of 0.30 mass%.
  • This cage 7 is also subjected to induction heat treatment consisting of induction hardening and induction tempering after processing and welding, and the surface hardness of the product is in the range of HV400 to 650 in terms of Vickers hardness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

 針状ころ軸受の鋼製保持器を、コンパクトな処理設備を用いて、小ロット生産でも短時間で効率よく熱処理し、その摩耗や表面損傷を防止するとともに、保持器全体の疲労強度や破壊強度も高めることである。  針状ころ２を保持する鋼製保持器３を、その素材鋼板の炭素含有量が０．１５～１．１０質量％の範囲に入るものとし、加工後に高周波焼入れと高周波焼戻しとから成る高周波熱処理を施すことにより、コンパクトな処理設備を用いて、小ロット生産でも短時間で効率よく熱処理し、保持器３の摩耗や表面損傷を防止するとともに、保持器３全体の疲労強度や破壊強度も高めることができるようにした。

Description

明 細 書
針状ころ軸受
技術分野
[0001] 本発明は、転動体として針状ころを用いた針状ころ軸受に関するものである。
背景技術
[0002] 針状ころを軸の回りの円筒面に配列したラジアルタイプの針状ころ軸受や、針状こ ろを軸の回りに放射状に配列したスラストタイプの針状ころ軸受には、配列された針 状ころを鋼製保持器で保持したものが多く採用されている。転動体として細径の針状 ころを用いたこれらの針状ころ軸受は、転動体のほかに保持器のみを備えたものと、 さらに内外輪の少なくとも一方の軌道輪を備えたものとがあるが、いずれも他の転動 体を用いる転がり軸受に較べて薄い軸受厚みで大きな負荷容量を確保できるので、 産業機械や自動車等を構成する各種機械装置をコンパ外ィ匕するのに好便であり、 滑り軸受の置き換え用も含めて用途が拡大して 、る。
[0003] ラジアルタイプの針状ころ軸受の鋼製保持器は、その製造工程によって大別すると 、ノ ィプ材から削り出しによって製造する削り出し保持器、板材から打ち抜いた円形 ブランクを絞り工程を含むプレス加工で成形するプレス保持器、および帯板を定尺に 切断し、これを環状に曲げ加工して両端を溶接する溶接保持器とがある。溶接保持 器は、生産効率を高めるために、帯板の状態でポケット抜きやロール成形による段差 や折り曲げ部の形成が行なわれることが多い。一方、スラストタイプの針状ころ軸受の 鋼製保持器は、板材カゝらの打ち抜きや削り出しで製造され、必要に応じてプレスカロ 工されるちのちある。
[0004] これらの鋼製保持器の形状は、その用途によって様々である力 いずれも針状ころ を収納する複数のポケットがポケット抜きで形成され、各ポケットが柱部で区画されて いる。針状ころ軸受では、これらのポケットに収納されて転動する針状ころが、ポケット を区画する柱部の側面に摺接する。針状ころは転動に伴ってスキューすることがあり 、このようなスキューが生じたときは、針状ころの柱部側面への摺接が局所的となり、 摺接圧力が非常に高くなる。また、針状ころ軸受が軌道輪を備えている場合は、保持 器の内径面または外径面が軌道輪と摺接することもある。このため、これらの保持器 の摺接面には、摩耗のほかに焼付き等の表面損傷が生じることがある。
[0005] 従来、針状ころ軸受の鋼製保持器の素材には、製造工程における切削加工性や プレス加工性等を考慮して、炭素含有量が 0. 15質量％以下でぁる315じ等の低炭 素機械構造用鋼、 SCM415等の低炭素機械構造用合金鋼、および SPC等の低炭 素冷延鋼板が多く用いられている。このような炭素含有量が 0. 15質量％以下の素 材を用いて、上述したような保持器の摩耗や表面損傷を防止するために、従来は、 加工後に、浸炭処理、浸炭窒化処理、軟窒化処理のような表面熱処理を施したり（例 えば、特許文献 1参照）、前熱処理として浸炭窒化処理をするかまたは前熱処理なし で、ポケット部の転動体が接触する部分に高周波焼入れや衝撃焼入れの表面焼入 れを施したり（例えば、特許文献 2参照）している。特許文献 2に記載されたものでは、 この表面焼入れによって、表面硬さを HV250以上、心部硬さを HV190以下として いる。また、銀や銅等の金属めつき処理、燐酸マンガン処理等の酸化皮膜処理のよう な表面化学処理を施して (例えば、特許文献 3参照）、耐摩耗性や表面疲労強度を 高めるように鋼製保持器を表面改質したものもある。
[0006] 特許文献 1 :特開平 10— 46318号公報 (第 3— 4頁）
特許文献 2：特開 2000— 205274号公報 (第 2— 3頁）
特許文献 3：特開平 11 303875号公報 (第 2— 3頁）
発明の開示
発明が解決しょうとする課題
[0007] 上述した従来の針状ころ軸受に採用されている、浸炭処理、浸炭窒化処理、軟窒 化処理等の表面熱処理によって鋼製保持器を表面改質する手段は、これらの表面 熱処理が雰囲気調整を必要とするので、雰囲気炉等の熱処理設備が大きくなるとと もに、炭素や窒素を拡散させるために熱処理時間が長くなる問題がある。また、雰囲 気を調整する熱処理は、一度に多数の部品を処理しないと効率が悪いので大ロット 生産を余儀なくされ、仕掛品が増大してリードタイムが長くなる問題もある。さらに、焼 入れ油等の廃油処理も必要であり、地球環境への負担も無視できない。
[0008] 一方、金属めつき処理、酸化皮膜処理等の表面化学処理によって鋼製保持器を表 面改質する手段は、めっき処理等のための表面処理設備が大きくなるとともに、めつ き皮膜や酸ィ匕皮膜等の表面皮膜の形成と、その厚みの確保のために処理時間が長 くなる。また、上記表面熱処理の場合と同様に、大ロット生産を余儀なくされ、仕掛品 が増大してリードタイムも長くなり、めっき液等の廃液処理も必要とするので、地球環 境への負担も大きくなる。
[0009] また、これらの表面改質のための表面熱処理や表面化学処理では、突然の停電や 何らかのトラブルで処理設備が停止すると、処理中の大量の保持器が不良品となり、 その回収と設備の復帰のために多大な時間とコストが無駄になる問題もある。さらに、 巳むを得ず小ロット生産を行う場合は、生産効率が低下するのみでなぐ異品が混入 する恐れもある。
[0010] なお、特許文献 2には、ころ軸受を実施例とした転がり軸受用保持器に高周波焼入 れゃ衝撃焼入れの表面焼入れを施す手段が記載されており、前熱処理として浸炭 窒化処理をしなければ、雰囲気炉等の熱処理設備を必要としない。しかしながら、特 許文献 2に記載された転がり軸受用保持器は、多数のポケットを有する針状ころ軸受 の保持器に適用すると、各ポケット毎に表面のみを焼入れするのに非常に手間がか 力る問題がある。また、保持器のポケットを区画する柱部は、針状ころの進み遅れや スキューによって圧縮応力や引張応力を負荷されるので、表面焼入れのみでは保持 器全体の疲労強度や破壊強度を高めることができない問題もある。
[0011] そこで、本発明の課題は、針状ころ軸受の鋼製保持器を、コンパクトな処理設備を 用いて、小ロット生産でも短時間で効率よく熱処理し、その摩耗や表面損傷を防止す るとともに、保持器全体の疲労強度や破壊強度も高めることである。
課題を解決するための手段
[0012] 上記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、複数の針状ころを鋼製保持器で保持し た針状ころ軸受において、前記鋼製保持器の肉厚方向を含めた全体に、少なくとも 高周波焼入れを含む高周波熱処理を施した構成を採用した。
[0013] すなわち、雰囲気調整を必要とせず、コンパクトで小ロット生産にも対応できる高周 波熱処理設備を用いて、鋼製保持器の肉厚方向を含めた全体に、少なくとも高周波 焼入れを含む高周波熱処理を施すことにより、小寸法で肉厚の薄いものが多い針状 ころ軸受の鋼製保持器の熱処理時のハンドリング等を容易に効率よく行な 、、その 摩耗や表面損傷を防止するとともに、保持器全体の疲労強度や破壊強度も高めるこ とができるようにした。また、高周波熱処理はクリーンな電気工ネルギを用いるので、 地球環境への負担も少な 、。
[0014] 前記高周波熱処理に高周波焼戻しを含めることにより、熱処理工程をインラインィ匕 することができる。通常、高周波熱処理は高周波焼入れと高周波焼戻しまたは炉焼 戻しとから成るが、高周波焼戻しを選択すれば、共に処理時間の短い高周波焼入れ と高周波焼戻しとを容易にインラインィ匕することができる。
[0015] 前記針状ころ軸受は、内外輪の少なくとも一方の軌道輪を備えたものであってもよ い。
[0016] 前記鋼製保持器の表面硬さと内部硬さは、ビッカース硬度で HV350〜700の範 囲に入れるのがよい。耐摩耗性と保持器全体の疲労強度は硬度が高いほど向上す るが、鋼製保持器の硬度が HV350未満では、これらの耐摩耗性と疲労強度を十分 に確保できない。また、破壊強度は硬度が高いと靭性の低下によって割れやすくなり 、硬度が低いと変形によって壊れやすくなるので、鋼製保持器の硬さは、好ましくは HV400〜650とするの力よ!ヽ。
[0017] 前記鋼製保持器の炭素含有量は 0. 15〜： L 10質量％の範囲に入れるのがよい。
炭素含有量が 0. 15質量％未満では、高周波熱処理のみでは鋼製保持器の表面硬 さを十分に確保できない。また、炭素含有量が増加すると加工性や溶接性が低下す るので、炭素含有量は 1. 10質量％以下、好ましくは 0. 50質量％以下とするのがよ い。なお、炭素含有量を 0. 30質量％以下とすれば、鉄の母相に炭素を完全に固溶 させることができるので、高周波熱処理における高周波焼戻しゃ炉焼戻しを省略する ことちでさる。
発明の効果
[0018] 本発明の針状ころ軸受は、雰囲気調整を必要とせず、コンパクトで小ロット生産にも 対応できる高周波熱処理設備を用いて、鋼製保持器の肉厚方向を含めた全体に、 少なくとも高周波焼入れを含む高周波熱処理を施すようにしたので、小寸法で肉厚 の薄 、ものが多 、針状ころ軸受の鋼製保持器の熱処理時のハンドリング等を容易に 効率よく行ない、その摩耗や表面損傷を防止できるとともに、保持器全体の疲労強度 や破壊強度も高めることができる。また、高周波熱処理はクリーンな電気工ネルギを 用いるので、地球環境への負担も少なくすることができる。
[0019] 前記高周波熱処理に高周波焼戻しを含めることにより、熱処理工程をインラインィ匕 することができる。
図面の簡単な説明
[0020] [図 1]第 1の実施形態の針状ころ軸受を示す縦断面図
[図 2]図 1の鋼製保持器のプレス加工工程を説明する概念図
[図 3]a、 b、 c、 d、 eは、それぞれ図 1の鋼製保持器の変形例を示す断面図
[図 4]第 2の実施形態の針状ころ軸受を示す一部省略縦断面図
符号の説明
[0021] 1 外輪
la 軌道面
2 針状ころ
3 保持器
3a ホケット
4 外輪
5 内輪
4a、 5a 軌道面
4b、 5b 爪
6 針状ころ
7 保持器
発明を実施するための最良の形態
[0022] 以下、図面に基づき、本発明の実施形態を説明する。図 1および図 2は、第 1の実 施形態を示す。この針状ころ軸受は、図 1に示すように、外輪 1の軌道面 laに沿って 軸 Aの回りの円筒面に配列された針状ころ 2を、鋼製保持器 3で保持したラジアルタ イブのものである。この外輪 1は鋼板のプレス力卩ェで形成されたシェル型外輪である 力 切削加工で形成される外輪としてもよい。 [0023] 前記保持器 3はプレス力卩ェで成形されたプレス保持器であり、図 2に示すように、鋼 板から打ち抜かれた円形ブランクが絞り工程でカップ状に絞られたのち、成形工程で 底抜き、縁切り、縁曲げされて両端鍔付きの円筒体とされ、さらにポケット抜き工程で 針状ころ 2を収納するポケット 3aが打ち抜かれたのち、仕上げ成形工程で円筒体中 央部に段差を形成されて ヽる。
[0024] 前記保持器 3の素材鋼板は、炭素含有量が 0. 50質量％の構造用炭素鋼 S50Cで あり、図 2に示したようにプレス加工されたのちに、肉厚方向を含めた全体に、高周波 焼入れと高周波焼戻しとから成る高周波熱処理を施されて、製品の表面硬さがピツカ ース硬度で HV400〜650の範囲に入れられている。この保持器 3の素材鋼板は、 炭素含有量が 0. 15〜： L 10質量％の範囲に入るものであればよぐ他の構造用炭 素鋼や SK5等の工具鋼とすることもできる。素材鋼板の炭素含有量を 0. 30質量％ 以下とする場合は、高周波焼戻しを省略してもよい。また、高周波熱処理は、保持器 3を外輪 1および針状ころ 2と一体に組み立てたあとで施すこともでき、高周波焼戻し の替りに炉焼戻しを行なってもよ!/、。
[0025] 図 3は、前記鋼製保持器 3の形状の変形例を示す。図 3 (a)、 (b)は、プレス保持器 または、ポケット抜きした帯板を定尺に切断し、これを環状に曲げ加工して両端を溶 接した溶接保持器の例、図 3 (c)は、ロール成形で段差を形成してポケット抜きした帯 板を、同様に曲げ加工して両端を溶接した溶接保持器の例、図 3 (d)、（e)は、パイ プ材カも削り出しした削り出し保持器の例である。これらの変形例と第 1の実施形態 の保持器 3を用いた針状ころ軸受は、そのまま軌道輪のないものとすることもできる。
[0026] 図 4は、第 2の実施形態を示す。この針状ころ軸受は、外輪 4と内輪 5の各軌道面 4 a、 5a間で軸 Bの回りに放射状に配列した針状ころ 6を、鋼製保持器 7で保持したスラ ストタイプのものである。外輪 4、内輪 5および保持器 7に保持された各針状ころ 6は、 外輪 4と内輪 5に設けられた各爪 4b、 5bによって非分離とされて 、る。
[0027] 前記鋼製保持器 7は溶接保持器であり、その素材鋼板は炭素含有量が 0. 30質量 %の構造用炭素鋼 S30Cである。この保持器 7も、加工と溶接後に高周波焼入れと 高周波焼戻しとから成る高周波熱処理を施され、製品の表面硬さがビッカース硬度 で HV400〜650の範囲に入れられている。

Claims

請求の範囲
[1] 複数の針状ころを鋼製保持器で保持した針状ころ軸受にお 、て、前記鋼製保持器 の肉厚方向を含めた全体に、少なくとも高周波焼入れを含む高周波熱処理を施した ことを特徴とする針状ころ軸受。
[2] 前記高周波熱処理に高周波焼戻しを含めた請求項 1に記載の針状ころ軸受。
[3] 前記針状ころ軸受が、内外輪の少なくとも一方の軌道輪を備えたものである請求項
1または 2に記載の針状ころ軸受。
[4] 前記鋼製保持器の表面硬さと内部硬さがビッカース硬度で HV350〜700の範囲 にある請求項 1乃至 3のいずれかに記載の針状ころ軸受。
[5] 前記鋼製保持器の炭素含有量が 0. 15〜： L 10質量％の範囲にある請求項 1乃至
4の 、ずれかに記載の針状ころ軸受。
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US8166657B2 (en) 2012-05-01
US20070154127A1 (en) 2007-07-05
US20100313423A1 (en) 2010-12-16
EP1780428A1 (en) 2007-05-02
CN101006282A (zh) 2007-07-25
EP1780428B1 (en) 2014-03-26
EP1780428A4 (en) 2011-01-19

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