WO2006015849A2 - Verfahren zum presshärten von bauteilen aus stahlblech - Google Patents
Verfahren zum presshärten von bauteilen aus stahlblech Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006015849A2 WO2006015849A2 PCT/EP2005/008641 EP2005008641W WO2006015849A2 WO 2006015849 A2 WO2006015849 A2 WO 2006015849A2 EP 2005008641 W EP2005008641 W EP 2005008641W WO 2006015849 A2 WO2006015849 A2 WO 2006015849A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- component
- mold
- tool
- workpiece
- areas
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/26—Deep-drawing for making peculiarly, e.g. irregularly, shaped articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing hardened components made of sheet steel, to a device for carrying out the method and to hardened components made of sheet steel which are produced by the method and the device.
- a perspective, in particular for bodies in the automotive industry are components made of steel sheet with a strength depending on the alloy composition in a range of 1000 up to 2000 MPa.
- the Bau ⁇ part it is known to cut corresponding sheets from sheets, the boards to a temperature er ⁇ warm over the, the Austenitmaschinestemperatur is and then closing the component in a press reshape, wherein currency ⁇ during the forming process at the same time a rapid cooling to harden the material is performed.
- a scale layer forms on the surface. This is removed after forming and cooling. This is usually done with sandblasting. Before or after this descaling, the final trimming and the insertion of holes is carried out. If the final trimming and the insertion of the holes are carried out before sandblasting, it is disadvantageous that the cut edges and hole edges are affected. Irrespective of the sequence of the processing steps after curing, it is disadvantageous in descaling by sandblasting and comparable processes that the component is often distorted as a result. After the mentioned processing steps follows a so-called piece coating with a corrosion protection layer. For example, a cathodically effective corrosion protection layer is applied.
- the post-processing of the gehär ⁇ ended component is extremely expensive and is subject to very high wear due to the hardening of the component. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that the piece coating usually causes ei ⁇ NEN corrosion protection, which is not particularly pronounced rempli ⁇ . In addition, the layer thicknesses are not uniform, but fluctuate over the component surface.
- this method it is also known to cold-form a component from a sheet-metal blank and subsequently to heat it up to the austenitizing temperature and then rapidly cool it in a calibration tool, wherein the calibration tool is responsible for ensuring that the component which is heated by the heating is warped, is calibrated with respect to the transformed areas. Subsequently, the post-processing described above takes place. Compared with the method described above, this method allows more complex geometries, since essentially only linear shapes can be produced during simultaneous forming and hardening, but complex shapes can not be realized in such forming processes.
- a method for producing a hardened steel component in which a sheet of hardenable steel is heated to the hardening temperature and subsequently arranged in a shaping device in which the sheet is shaped into the desired final shape, during the forming, cooling is simultaneously rapid, so that a martensitic or bainitic structure is obtained while the sheet remains in the molding apparatus.
- a starting material for example, a boron-alloyed coal used carbon steel or carbon manganese steel.
- the deformation is preferably a compression but can also be used with other methods.
- the reforming and the cooling should preferably be carried out and carried out so rapidly that a fine-grained marttensitic or bainitic structure is obtained.
- projecting reference points or collars are produced from the plane of the board, which serve for positional orientation of the sheet metal profile in subsequent production operations.
- the collars should be formed during the forming process of non-perforated areas of the board, wherein the reference points in the form of marginal embossing or impressions or collar in the sheet metal profile are generated.
- the hot forming and hardening in the pressing tool should generally have advantages due to the efficient operation of the combination of forming and tempering operation in a tool. Due to the clamping of the sheet metal profile in the tool and due to thermal stresses, however, it should come to not exactly predeterminable delay on the component. This can have an adverse effect on downstream production operations, which is why the reference points are created on the sheet-metal profile.
- the extent relevant temperature range 800 to 500 0 C is to be traversed with a defined Ab ⁇ cooling speed.
- the step of connecting reinforcing plate and base plate should be able to be integrated without further involvement in the forming process, wherein the parts are brazed together whereby an effective corrosion protection at the contact zone can be achieved at the same time.
- the tools are very alswen ⁇ dig especially by the defined internal cooling. From DE 2 003 306 a method and a device for pressing and hardening a steel part are known. The aim is to press steel sheet pieces in the form and to harden, the disadvantages of known methods are to be avoided, in particular special that parts made of steel sheet in successive separate special steps for compression molding and curing are produced.
- the hardened or quenched products show a delay with respect to the desired shape, so that additional work steps are required.
- a steel piece after the piece has been heated to a austenitic state inducing temperature zwi ⁇ rule to put a pair of cooperating mold elements, wor ⁇ pressed onto the piece and at the same time heat is quickly dissipated from the piece into the moldings , The molded parts are held at a cooling temperature during the entire process, so that a quenching effect is exerted on the piece under a molding pressure.
- US Pat. No. 6,564,604 B2 discloses a method for producing a part having very high mechanical properties, wherein the part is to be produced by punching a strip from a rolled steel sheet, and in particular a hot-rolled and coated component having a metal or metal component.
- coated to produce a steel sheet preform the steel sheet preform is cold or hot formed, and either cooled and hardened after hot working, or heated after cold forming, and then cooled.
- An intermetallic alloy should be applied to the surface before or after forming and provide protection against corrosion and steel decarburization, which intermetallic mixture may also have a lubricating function. Subsequently, the supernatant material is removed from the molding.
- the coating should generally be based on zinc or zinc-aluminum.
- EP 1 013 785 A1 discloses a method for producing a component from a rolled steel strip and in particular a hot-rolled strip.
- the aim is to be able to offer rolled steel sheets of 0.2 to 2.0 mm in thickness, which are coated inter alia after hot rolling and which are subjected to deformation either cold or hot, followed by thermal treatment. wherein the increase in temperature without steel decarburization and without oxidation of the Ober ⁇ surface of the aforementioned sheets before, during and after the Warm ⁇ deformation or the thermal treatment to be secured.
- the metal sheet should be provided with a metal or a metal alloy which protects the surface of the sheet, then the sheet should be subjected to a tempering increase for the forming, then a deformation of the sheet be carried out and the part be finally cooled.
- the coated sheet is to be pressed while hot and the part formed by deep drawing to be cooled to be cured at a rate which is higher than the critical curing rate.
- the applied coating should consist in particular of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, whereby not only an oxidation and decarburization protection, but also a lubricating effect should result.
- a metallic mold component in particular a Karosseriebau ⁇ partly from a semi-finished, from an uncured thermoformable steel sheet
- the semifinished product renieren first by a Kaltumformverfah ⁇ , in particular by deep drawing to a component blank um ⁇
- the component blank should be approximately corresponding to the edge on a component to be produced Border contour to be cropped.
- the cut component blank is heated and press-hardened in a hot-forming tool.
- the component produced in this way already has the desired boundary contour after hot forming so that a final trimming of the component edge is omitted. In this way, the cycle times during the production of hardened components made of sheet steel should be considerably reduced.
- the steel used should be an air-hardening steel, which is possibly heated under a protective gas atmosphere in order to avoid scaling during heating. Otherwise, a scale layer is descaled in front of the mold component after hot working of the mold component.
- the component blank is formed close to the final contour, which is to be understood by "near-net shape" that those parts of the geometry of the finished component which are associated with a macroscopic material flow, are completely formed ein ⁇ after completion of the cold forming process in the component blank. After the completion of the cold forming process, only slight form adaptations are required to produce the three-dimensional shape of the component, which require a minimal local material flow.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing hardened components made of sheet steel, which greatly reduces the training time of the tools, lowers the tool wear and reliable components with high dimensional accuracy and accuracy and delivers without delay, with a Nachbear ⁇ processing the workpieces can be omitted.
- the object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 19.
- the method according to the invention provides for heating the preformed and in particular deep-drawn components to the temperature required for hardening and then converting them into a tool.
- the route of the as full-surface clamping or pressing as possible is eliminated and selectively pressed over part of the area.
- it is possible to reliably clamp and hold in areas in which the clamping takes place with a very high pressure.
- This preferably with a locally high pressure that possibly material, unevenness or Loka ⁇ le excesses displaced and quasi forged.
- the material works easily in the surface of the mold, so that the friction between the mold and the workpiece increases. The material is thus adjusted in the pressed area to a uniform maximum thickness.
- the total required pressing pressure of the press can be lower than in full-area process, so that significantly cheaper presses can be used.
- the component is held clamped at least in the area of the cutting edges. Cut edges in the sense of the invention are both outer edges and holes or their edges.
- the component can also be selectively clamped over its length or its surface.
- clamping areas can be linear or grid-like over the entire area or partial surfaces of the workpiece.
- the component can be formed in the pressed areas with hardness zones or hardness grades adapted to the best possible crash behavior. For example, it is possible to press along the main stress lines or force flow lines and thereby generate a higher degree of hardness. Furthermore, by this pressing or clamping a twisting by Ver ⁇ train can be prevented, in particular when forming the Maschinen ⁇ piece.
- the non-pressed areas which have a lower strength due to a possibly lower cooling rate, can form a deformation reserve of the component, so that a loaded hardened component does not u as usual in homogeneously hardened or press-hardened components - but it still breaks slightly deformed. This prevents the component from separating in the event of an accident.
- the component In the areas in which the component is not pressed, it is either on one side of a mold half and is spaced from the other mold half with an air gap or is spaced from both mold halves with an air gap.
- the workpiece in the region in which a pressing does not take place, it is intended to support the component at least in the area of the positive radii of regions of the tool or of the mold halves.
- the workpiece In areas of saddle points which have a narrow radius, for example 0.5 to 30 mm, the workpiece is advantageously pressed or clamped. Sat ⁇ telange are here defined so that in the region of a saddle point or saddle region, the workpiece with respect to two spatial axes has a positive radius.
- the air gap or gaps are formed with a width of at least 0.02 mm and preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mm or larger.
- the forming of the components as well as the cutting and punching of the components is carried out essentially or completely in the uncured state.
- the relatively good deformability of the sheet metal material used in the unhardened state allows the realization of complex component geometries and replaces expensive subsequent trimming in the cured state by significantly less expensive mechanical Schneid ⁇ operations before the curing process.
- a cutting operation for example the production of a hole or cutout, ie within the sheet, or the cutting off of a part or the entire outer contour in the interior, can also take place within the clamped area warm state er ⁇ follow.
- the mold halves in the clamping areas have corresponding recesses which receive the cutting tool.
- a cutting tool is provided adjacent to the clamping area, outside the clamping area.
- the hot cut is preferably carried out at component temperatures between 380 ° C and 800 0 C.
- the unavoidable dimensional changes due to the heating of the component are already taken into account in the forming of the cold sheet, so that the component is made approximately 0.6 to 1.0% smaller and in particular 0.8% smaller than the final dimensions. At least the expected thermal expansion during forming is considered. However, the component is completely contoured and cut except for the reduction.
- only the areas of high complexity and forming depth and optionally the narrowly toleranced areas of the component, in particular the cut edges, may be sufficient to manufacture the formed edges, the forming surfaces and, where appropriate, the hole pattern, in particular the reference holes with the desired final tolerances, in particular the trimming and positional tolerances, of the finished, hardened component, the thermal expansion of the component being taken into account by the re-heating or annealing is compensated.
- the component in the first embodiment after cold forming is about 0.8% smaller than the nominal final dimensions of the finished, hardened component.
- smaller means that after the cold forming, the component is finished in three dimensions in all three spatial axes.
- the thermal expansion is thus taken into account equally for all three spatial axes.
- the thermal expansion due to, for example, the incomplete closure of the mold can not be taken into account for all spatial axes, since here only in the Z direction, due to an incomplete formation, a Stretching could be considered.
- the three-dimensional geometry or contour of the tool is preferably made smaller in all three spatial axes.
- the uncured, galvanized special sheet is first cut into blanks.
- the processed boards may be rectangular, trapezoidal or shaped boards.
- all known cutting processes can be used.
- the cutting processes are used, which do not introduce so much heat into the sheet during the cutting process that hardening occurs.
- This production of moldings includes all processes and / or processes capable of producing these moldings. For example, the following methods and / or processes are suitable:
- the final trimming is carried out in said conventional tools.
- the molded part which has been formed in the cold state, is manufactured smaller than the nominal one by 0.8 Geometry of the end component, so that the thermal expansion during Auf ⁇ heating is thereby compensated.
- the molded parts produced by the abovementioned processes should be cold-formed, the dimensions of which lie within the tolerance range required by the customer for the finished part. If larger tolerances occur in the aforementioned cold-forming, these can be partly retroactively, slightly later be corrected during the mold hardening process, which will be discussed later. However, the tolerance correction in the molding hardening process is preferably performed only for shape deviations. Such form deviations can thus be corrected in the manner of a hot calibration.
- the correction process should be limited to one bending operation only, wherein cutting edges which are dependent on the material quantity (in relation to the molding edge) should and can not subsequently be influenced, ie, if the geometry of the cutting edges in the parts is not correct, in the form hardening tool no correction can be made.
- the tolerance range with respect to the cutting edges corresponds to the tolerance range during the cold forming and the shape hardening process.
- the method according to the invention is when shaping in the cold state, ie criz ⁇ example when deep drawing on cold preformed component be ⁇ neighbor and in the region of the cutting edge, as known per se formed a flange.
- the outer trimming is carried out in the region of the flange. This has the advantage that is cut in this section parallel to the opening and closing direction of the mold. Even with components in which a flange is actually not desired, it may still be advantageous in the cold state, this flange for the purpose of just described To produce cut.
- the flange is then removed later in the course of the mold hardening process, as will be described below.
- the ver ⁇ shaped and pruned part After the component has been completely formed, the ver ⁇ shaped and pruned part and heated to an annealing temperature of about 780 0 C, in particular 800 0 C to 950 0 C for a few seconds to a few minutes kept at this temperature, but vonin ⁇ least until a desired austenitization has occurred. In this case, the component expands by 1%, so that it has an excess of 0.2% after annealing and shortly before insertion.
- the component After the annealing process, the component is subjected to the inventive form hardening step.
- a part is first removed by a robot from a conveyor belt and placed in a marking station, so that each part can be traceably marked before it is hardened. Subsequently, the robot places the part on an intermediate carrier, wherein the intermediate carrier runs over a conveyor belt in an oven and the part is heated.
- a continuous furnace with convection heating for example, a continuous furnace with convection heating is used.
- any other heat aggregates or furnaces can also be used, in particular furnaces in which the moldings are heated electromagnetically or with microwaves.
- the molded part passes through the oven on the carrier, the carrier being provided, so that the corrosion protection coating is not transferred to rolls of the continuous oven during heating or is abraded by it.
- the parts are heated to a temperature which is above the austenitizing temperature of the alloy used.
- a robot takes the part, depending on the Di ⁇ cke at 780 0 C to 950 0 C, in particular 860 ° C to 900 ° C from the oven and places it in the mold hardening tool.
- the molding is carried out about 10 ° C to 80 0 C 40 0 C, in particular, the robot preferably for loading so that he high Geschwindig ⁇ ness the part accurately in the form hardening tool inserts.
- the molding is deposited by the robot on a part lifter and then quickly shut down the press, wherein the Tei ⁇ leheber displaced and the part is fixed. This ensures that the component is properly positioned and guided until the tool is closed.
- the part still has a temperature of at least 780 0 C.
- the surface of the tool has a temperature of less than 5O 0 C, whereby the part quickly to 80 0 C to 200 ° C is cooled.
- the component can already be removed. In this way, in contrast to the prior art, time can be saved.
- the part can also be kept until further cooling in the tool.
- the air gaps can be flushed with gas and, in particular, inert gases.
- the gases can cause a cooling effect.
- the tool is thereby subjected to thermal shock at the points where it rests on the work piece, the method according to the invention making it possible, in particular if no forming steps are carried out during the molding hardening step, for the tool to have a high thermal stability with respect to its base material. shock resistance interpreted.
- the tools must still have a high resistance to abrasion, which in the present case, however, plays no significant role and thus reduces the cost of the tool.
- hot forming in particular in the region of the cut edges, hot forming can still take place.
- a flange in the region of the trim edge which, in actual fact, should not be present in the finished component.
- the trimming can be carried out perpendicular to the opening and closing direction of the mold, which allows a particularly precise, precise and simple cut.
- this flange formed at the hot component, which has been inserted in the mold is, when closing the mold entspre ⁇ accordingly back again formed and applied to the mold without the To stretch material.
- a slider is provided correspondingly, wherein the mold for the mold hardening process is initially closed so far that the component is already held, for example, in a certain range from the upper mold part and then the slides be retracted, which press the flange to the mold on which the component rests. Since the component is clamped anyway in the area of the cut edges, the slides take over this clamping in this area, whereby the clamping and / or the subsequent forced shrinkage surprisingly succeeds so well that the previously existing bending edge of the flange on the finished component barely visible and verifiable
- a robot takes the parts out of the press and places them on a rack, where they continue to cool down. Cooling may, if desired, be accelerated by additional blowing on of air or immersion in liquids.
- the inventive mold hardening without appreciable reforming steps and with a positive fit of tool and workpiece only in the area of the cut edges while at the same time supporting the positive radii of the molded part, it is ensured that the workpiece is cooled without distortion.
- a comprehensible defined cooling only takes place when the forming process has progressed to such an extent that the material rests against both mold halves or when the material immediately rests positively on all sides of the mold halves, which leads to inhomogeneities in the strength.
- the molded part rests against the two mold halves only with the cutting edge areas and with the positive radii only on one mold half.
- the shrinkage is eliminated in the region of the cutting edges, while in the region of the remaining component shrinkage takes place, which is used to ensure that the component bears against the mold and, if necessary, is bent slightly. This even makes it possible to subsequently correct form errors from deep drawing.
- tabs arranged on the component can be provided for placing the component on the part lifters. These parts are at least hardened in the area in which they are connected to the actual component. As a result of a special movement sequence according to the invention, in particular of the part lifter after hardening and before the mold is opened, these tabs are broken off in a simple manner. As a result, a high degree of handling safety can be ensured; on the other hand, the tabs do not have to be subsequently removed, as is customary in the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the dilatometer curve of a sample of a hardenable steel sheet
- Figure 2 the curve of Figure 1 with arrows showing the heating and cooling
- FIG. 3 shows a section of the curve according to FIG. 2;
- Figure 4 the flow curves of a hardenable steel sheet at different temperatures;
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an inventive device
- FIG. 6 shows a highly schematized tool slide for a tool set according to FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 shows a device for breaking off handling slices on a processed sheet
- FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of a device according to FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 shows a process sequence of the process according to the invention.
- FIGS. 10-14 the method according to the invention with reference to an automotive part
- FIG. 15 shows a highly schematic representation of the method according to the invention with regard to the changes in size and the components to be treated;
- FIG. 16 a process tree of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 17 shows a highly schematic representation of a component which, in the tumble-formed state, has a cutting flange and the direction of its deformation
- FIG. 18 shows a molding tool with two slides for hot forming a component according to FIG. 17.
- a component to be hardened is cold-formed and cut.
- the component In the cold state, ie before curing, the component has a conventional steel sheet im ⁇ manente hardness. In this state, the sheet can be relatively well cut and also reshaped and in particular deep-drawn (FIG. 10).
- the component is formed in all three Jardinach ⁇ sen about 0.8% smaller than it should be the final geometry.
- Around the component subsequently curing is the component to the austenitization temperature and in particular spielmik about 900 0 C heated.
- the component ( Figure 5, 6) at least in the region of the cutting edges (edges), clamped.
- the component now attempts to shrink due to the cooling, but is substantially prevented by the clamping and the shape of the tool. This results in considerable tensile stresses and it comes to plastic deformation in the component.
- the positive radii (FIG. 10) "support” the component, as a result of which the component bears against the molding tools in the corresponding regions. Due to the shrinkage, the component then adopts this shape, with inaccuracies in the shaping of the cold, soft component also being corrected here.
- the component is left in the mold at least until the austenite-martensite transformation (FIGS. 2, 3) has been completed. This is the case in particular at about 250 ° C.
- the molding tool 1 (FIGS. 7, 8) has, for example, a mold upper half 2 and a mold half 3.
- the component 4 to be hardened is simplified in a pot-shaped or hat-shaped manner with a bottom surface 5, two ribs 6, 7 and two longitudinal flange regions 8, 9.
- the bottom surface 5 enters the ribs 6 with two rounded portions 10, 11 , 7 over.
- the frames 6, 7 go with curves 12, 13 in the flanges 8, 9 on.
- the upper mold half 2 forms positive radii with respect to the molded part 4, in the region of the curves 12, 13 the lower mold half 3 forms positive radii with respect to the workpiece 4.
- the workpiece 4 abuts the respective mold halves.
- These positive radii opposite air gaps 14 are present, which extend into the bottom surface 5 and in frames 6, 7.
- the air gaps 14 may overlap so that the component is located in partial regions of the frame, possibly also almost over the entire frame without contact with the tool halves.
- the upper half of the mold or the lower half of the mold are formed adjacent to the air gaps 14 with projections or protrusions 16 so that the corresponding area of the workpiece 4 is clamped there.
- the air gaps 14 have a width which is at least 0.02 mm and preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mm or larger.
- one or more slide tools 17, 18 in one of the Formwerk ⁇ halves or opposite in both Formwerkmaschineschf ⁇ th 2, 3 be present, which preferably at Closing the mold on the opposite mold half or to each other driven towards each other and, for example, clamp holes in Be ⁇ rich the frame. This ensures that even holes arranged in the area of the frame are held reliably during the molding hardening and shrinking.
- clamping webs can also be used with respect to the workpiece.
- the clamping webs can either be arranged firmly in the form or be present in the form of insert elements. According to the invention, such clamping webs are provided, in particular, where the workpiece has to be held securely in order to avoid torsion by thermal stresses or cooling stresses and distortion, in particular in the case of very large or very long components.
- the clamping webs preferably have a width of 5 to 20 mm
- Points or areas are defined as saddle points in which two positive radii of two tool space axes coincide, the two positive radii each having a relatively narrow radius of 0.5 to 30 mm.
- the component is pressed exclusively in the area of the cut edges and is supported by the respective mold half only in the area of the positive radii and is not adjacent to the mold halves on the remaining areas.
- the component is at least with a small air gap spaced from the mold halves, wherein the width of the air gap can be adjusted depending on the desired cooling effect.
- very small air gaps for example from 0.02 to 0.05 mm, have hardly any influence on the cooling, while very large air gaps of, for example, 1.00 to 2.5 mm and larger have a noticeable influence on the cooling performance and thus on the hardness of the material.
- a notching tool 21 may be present in the region of the longitudinal edge 15 at the location at which a tab 20 protrudes (FIG. 7, 8), with this notching tool 21, for example, a projection in the area of the mold is.
- the notching tool is a spring-loaded holding-down device 22, the spring-loaded non-holder 22 having an outwardly angled support surface 23.
- the hold-down 22 is arranged (FIG. 7) opposite the part lifter 24, the part lifter 24 having a support projection 25 on which the tab 20 rests.
- the projection 20 can be used to lift the latches 20 so that they support them with support Notching tool 21 is raised at an angle in the region of the notching tool 21 at the longitudinal edge, the hold-down element 22 being able to be lifted counter to the force of the spring at the moment when the lug 20 abuts the inclined face 23.
- the tab breaks off due to the great hardness and brittleness.
- the part lifter 24 is arranged on the same side of the workpiece as the blank holder 22, wherein the part lifter 24 is also mounted fe ⁇ dernd.
- the part lifter 24 and the hold-down 22 opposite the notching tool 21 is arranged.
- the Tei ⁇ leheber 24 with respect to the workpiece opposite to the opposite mold half 2 on the part lifter 24 and wegbewegbares away snap-off tool 26 is provided, which can be placed on the tab with a lateral projection 27 and ver the tab with respect to the notching tool 21 ver ⁇ bends and breaks off, the tool 26 touches on the parts lifter 24 and the parts lifter with its projection 25 and the tool with its projection 27 limit the tab 20 between them and in a further movement of the tool 26 of the parts lifter against the spring force of a spring 28th is moved until the tab 20 breaks off in the region of the notching tool 21.
- the process can be controlled so that the cancel takes place at the most favorable temperature for this purpose.
- a flange 31 In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention (FIGS. 17, 18), during molding in the coldest state, ie. H.
- a flange 31 For example, during deep drawing on the cold-preformed component 29 adjacent and in the region of the Thomas ⁇ edge 30 in a conventional manner, a flange 31 becomesbil ⁇ det. After the flange 31 has been formed, the outer cut is made in the region of the flange 31. This has the advantage that is cut parallel to the opening and closing direction of the mold in this section. Even with components in which a flange is actually not desired, it may nevertheless be advantageous to produce this flange in the cold state for the purpose of the cut just described. The flange is then removed later in the course of the mold hardening process, as will be described below.
- a hot forming in particular in the region of the cut edges 30 or the outer contour still take place a hot forming.
- the trimming can be carried out perpendicularly to the opening and closing direction of the mold, which enables a particularly exact, precise and simple cut.
- this formed flange is correspondingly returned to the hot component 29, which was inserted into the mold 1, when the mold 1 is closed. forms or applied to the mold 1 (arrows 32).
- a respective slide 33 is present in the area in which the flange 31 is present, wherein the mold 1 for the molding hardening process is initially closed to such an extent that the component 29, for example, in a certain area 34 of the upper mold part 2 is already held and then the slide 33 are retracted (arrows 35), the flange 31 with correspondingly projecting areas or dimensions 36 on the mold 1 and mold base 3, on which the component 29 rests, an ⁇ press. Since the component 29 is thus clamped in the region of the cut edges 30, the sliders 33 and the regions 36 take over this clamping in this region, whereby this is achieved so well by the clamping and the subsequent forced shrinkage. that on the finished component, the previously existing bending edge of the flange 31 is hardly visible and detectable.
- a flange or a bend can also be produced in the region of the cut edges or the outer contour in the warm state.
- a slide acts accordingly on a projecting portion of the sheet, bends it to the desired extent and clamps the flange, the cutting edge of the flange or the bent portion on closing, while possibly the rest of the area, the principle of forced shrinkage obeying, not being pinched.
- the entire process can proceed as follows 1. cutting boards, 2. the cold forming, for example, by deep drawing, then a mechanical Schneid ⁇ step, then the heating, the molding, anschlie ⁇ jackd if necessary, a cleaning such. B. an ultrasonic cleaning and then the camp. Since the form hardening dictates the cycle times and only one cutting step is present, the use of the existing often quite expensive presses and cutting lines with four to five large presses can be dispensed with and a slower press can be used which, for example, is set up on the level ground. Such presses do not have the high cycle rates or cycle times, such as large press lines, however, these are not required in the above method. The achievable pressing pressures are similar. However, investments are significantly lower.
- a system for carrying out the method may be of modular design. This means that the plant can be converted or configured according to a desired production. Since press lines are usually equipped with six presses in line, but a smaller number of presses are required in the form hardening processes, a modular design is only possible to a limited extent; moreover, the presses that are not required can not be removed.
- the clamping elements of the mold halves of resiliently mounted Klemm ⁇ inserts or clamping strips are formed, which are pressed when applying the clamping pressure in the molds, so that reduce the air gaps from a starting width and possibly disappear.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2005800269591A CN101120105B (zh) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | 用于制造钢板淬硬零件的方法 |
AT05770058T ATE516373T1 (de) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | Verfahren zum presshärten von bauteilen aus stahlblech |
BRPI0513941-4A BRPI0513941B1 (pt) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | Método para produzir componentes temperados a partir de chapas de aço e molde de temperagem |
CA2575940A CA2575940C (en) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | Method for producing quenched components consisting of sheet steel |
US11/659,148 US8613819B2 (en) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | Method for producing quenched components consisting of sheet steel |
EP05770058A EP1786936B1 (de) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | Verfahren zum presshärten von bauteilen aus stahlblech |
JP2007525241A JP2008509284A (ja) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | 薄鋼板から焼入れ部品を製造する方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102004038626A DE102004038626B3 (de) | 2004-08-09 | 2004-08-09 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von gehärteten Bauteilen aus Stahlblech |
DE102004038626.9 | 2004-08-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006015849A2 true WO2006015849A2 (de) | 2006-02-16 |
WO2006015849A3 WO2006015849A3 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
Family
ID=35519952
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2005/008641 WO2006015849A2 (de) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-08-09 | Verfahren zum presshärten von bauteilen aus stahlblech |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8613819B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1786936B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2008509284A (de) |
KR (1) | KR101011192B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101120105B (de) |
AT (1) | ATE516373T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0513941B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2575940C (de) |
DE (1) | DE102004038626B3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006015849A2 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200700110B (de) |
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DE102008063985A1 (de) | 2008-12-19 | 2010-07-08 | Voestalpine Automotive Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen partiell gehärteter Stahlblechbauteile |
DE102008063985B4 (de) * | 2008-12-19 | 2015-10-29 | Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen partiell gehärteter Stahlblechbauteile |
DE102009012940A1 (de) | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-16 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils, insbesondere eines Blechbauteils sowie Fertigungsstraße zur Herstellung des Bauteils |
DE102009012940B4 (de) * | 2009-03-12 | 2017-12-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils, insbesondere eines Blechbauteils sowie Fertigungsstraße zur Herstellung des Bauteils |
WO2012060496A1 (ko) * | 2010-11-03 | 2012-05-10 | 현대하이스코 주식회사 | 열처리 경화 강판을 이용한 국부적으로 이종강도를 가지는 자동차 부품 제조방법 |
EP2665837A1 (de) | 2011-01-17 | 2013-11-27 | Tata Steel IJmuiden BV | Verfahren zur herstellung eines heissgeformten teils und in diesem verfahren geformtes teil |
DE102011108912A1 (de) | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-31 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Segmentiertes Presshärtewerkzeug |
WO2013013803A1 (de) | 2011-07-28 | 2013-01-31 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Segmentiertes presshärtewerkzeug |
DE102018215545A1 (de) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-03-12 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines pressgehärteten Blechformteils und Presshärtewerkzeug |
DE102018215545B4 (de) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-08-20 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines pressgehärteten Blechformteils und Presshärtewerkzeug |
DE102019101749A1 (de) * | 2019-01-24 | 2020-07-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Warmumformung von Blechwerkstücken |
WO2023036882A1 (de) * | 2021-09-08 | 2023-03-16 | Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh | Verfahren zum erzeugen von gehärteten stahlblechbauteilen |
WO2024165168A1 (de) | 2023-02-10 | 2024-08-15 | Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh | Verfahren zum erzeugen von gehärteten stahlbauteilen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE516373T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
BRPI0513941A (pt) | 2008-05-20 |
CA2575940A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
DE102004038626B3 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
CA2575940C (en) | 2011-04-05 |
EP1786936A2 (de) | 2007-05-23 |
ZA200700110B (en) | 2008-05-28 |
KR101011192B1 (ko) | 2011-01-26 |
BRPI0513941B1 (pt) | 2015-04-22 |
JP2008509284A (ja) | 2008-03-27 |
EP1786936B1 (de) | 2011-07-13 |
KR20070049657A (ko) | 2007-05-11 |
US8613819B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
CN101120105B (zh) | 2010-05-05 |
WO2006015849A3 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
US20090211669A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
CN101120105A (zh) | 2008-02-06 |
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